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COVID-19 altered global relations and territorial balances, and mobility was no less affected, as its dynamics were reconfigured. Tourism was the economic sector hardest hit by the pandemic. This proposal focuses on a tourist reality of international impotance, such as the Way of Saint James, based on travel and mobility. The aim is to contribute to the current debate on the impacts of COVID-19 on the Way of Saint James and to advance reflections for its future recovery. For this reason, a qualitative interpretive methodology is adopted that links previous studies and tourist planning and management tools. The results indicate a different behaviour in the short, medium and long term, and it is considered that the Way will once again become the benchmark for pilgrimage itineraries., COVID-19 alterou as relacións globais e os equilibrios territoriais, e non menos afectada resultou a mobilidade, cuxas dinámicas foron reconfiguradas. O turismo foi o sector económico máis castigado pola pandemia. A presente proposta pon o foco de atención nunha realidade turística de envergadura internacional, tal e como é o Camiño de Santiago, baseado en desprazamento e mobilidade. O obxectivo é contribuír ao debate actual acerca dos impactos da COVID-19 no Camiño de Santiago e avanzar reflexións para a súa futura recuperación. Por iso, adóptase unha metodoloxía cualitativa interpretativa que pon en relación estudos anteriores e ferramentas de planificación e xestión turística. Os resultados indican un comportamento diferente a curto, medio e longo prazo, e considérase que o Camiño volverá ser o benchmark dos itinerarios de peregrinación.

Over the past decade, the concept of “overtourism” has been approached both theoretically and empirically. This research analyses it in the city of Santiago de Compostela (Spain). It is the destination of an international urban tourism and of The Way of St. James, the First European Cultural itinerary and one of the most important pilgrimage routes in the World. Its marketing promotion since 1993 has produced a continuous growth that is translated into an increasing number of pilgrims’ arrivals. Tourism and pilgrimage data of the last years raise debates about the carrying capacity and overtourism in an historical centre of 169,9 hectares. For all that, the main aim of this work is to reflect on the contemporary evolution marked by these tourism trends and, above all, to introduce reflections and opinions of different local stakeholders to support a sustainable tourism development. From the methodological point of view, multiple approaches to contemporary tourism research are adopted and quantitative and qualitative methodologies are combined. The results introduce a new conceptual proposal based on the combination of variables (space, time and society) when dealing with the process of overtourism in Santiago de Compostela., A lo largo de la última década, el concepto de overtourism ha sido abordado tanto a nivel teórico, como a nivel empírico. La presente investigación analiza esta tendencia en Santiago de Compostela. Este destino de turismo urbano internacional es también la meta del Camino de Santiago, primer Itinerario Cultural Europeo, y una de las rutas de peregrinación más importantes del mundo. Su promoción desde el Año Santo 1993 ha consolidado un crecimiento continuo que se traduce en un aumento del número de llegadas de peregrinos. Los datos de los últimos años plantean debates acerca de la capacidad de carga y el overtourism en un centro histórico de 169,9 hectáreas. Por ello, el objetivo principal de este trabajo es analizar la evolución contemporánea marcada por estas tendencias turísticas y, sobre todo, introducir reflexiones y opiniones que parten de diversos actores locales para un desarrollo turístico sostenible. Desde el punto de vista metodológico, se adoptan los enfoques múltiples de la investigación turística contemporánea y se combinan metodología cuantitativa y cualitativa. Los resultados introducen una nueva propuesta basada en la combinación de variables (espacio, tiempo y sociedad) a la hora de abordar el proceso de overtourism en Santiago de Compostela.

A lo largo de la última década, el concepto de overtourism ha sido abordado tanto a nivel teórico, como a nivel empírico. La presente investigación analiza esta tendencia en Santiago de Compostela. Este destino de turismo urbano internacional es también la meta del Camino de Santiago, primer Itinerario Cultural Europeo, y una de las rutas de peregrinación más importantes del mundo. Su promoción desde el Año Santo 1993 ha consolidado un crecimiento continuo que se traduce en un aumento del número de llegadas de peregrinos. Los datos de los últimos años plantean debates acerca de la capacidad de carga y el overtourism en un centro histórico de 169,9 hectáreas. Por ello, el objetivo principal de este trabajo es analizar la evolución contemporánea marcada por estas tendencias turísticas y, sobre todo, introducir reflexiones y opiniones que parten de diversos actores locales para un desarrollo turístico sostenible. Desde el punto de vista metodológico, se adoptan los enfoques múltiples de la investigación turística contemporánea y se combinan metodología cuantitativa y cualitativa. Los resultados introducen una nueva propuesta basada en la combinación de variables (espacio, tiempo y sociedad) a la hora de abordar el proceso de overtourism en Santiago de Compostela., Over the past decade, the concept of “overtourism” has been approached both theoretically and empirically. This research analyses it in the city of Santiago de Compostela (Spain). It is the destination of an international urban tourism and of The Way of St. James, the First European Cultural itinerary and one of the most important pilgrimage routes in the World. Its marketing promotion since 1993 has produced a continuous growth that is translated into an increasing number of pilgrims’ arrivals. Tourism and pilgrimage data of the last years raise debates about the carrying capacity and overtourism in an historical centre of 169,9 hectares. For all that, the main aim of this work is to reflect on the contemporary evolution marked by these tourism trends and, above all, to introduce reflections and opinions of different local stakeholders to support a sustainable tourism development. From the methodological point of view, multiple approaches to contemporary tourism research are adopted and quantitative and qualitative methodologies are combined. The results introduce a new conceptual proposal based on the combination of variables (space, time and society) when dealing with the process of overtourism in Santiago de Compostela.

Recensión de: Locane, Jorge J. (2016) Miradas locales en tiempos globales: Intervenciones literarias sobre la ciudad latinoamericana. Madrid: Iberoamericana; Frankfurt: Vervuert, 368 p. ISBN 978-84-8489-970-9

The attractiveness of a tourist destination is derived from multiple material and immaterial elements. Cinema is both a tourist communication channel and provides a target market for a destination. Many regions offer a great variety of potential locations desirable for their scenic beauty and artistic and monumental heritage. The main aim of this paper is to analyze the concept of sustainable tourism as a pillar of the contemporary cinematic discourse on pilgrimage routes, combining theoretical and empirical methodologies. It begins by analyzing how, given their power, images are narrative instruments that assume a true performative value of geographical reality. The research then focuses on the cinematographic space and visual cinematographic discourse. The case study is sustainable tourism along the Way of St. James (Spain). The material is a corpus of two documentary films. Their moviescapes highlight the presence of a sustainable filmic theorem within a potential cinematic genre—pilgrimage movies. Thus, this study contributes to the investigation of how sustainable pilgrimage tourism practices are used in cinematic production as a possible movie theorem. It presents a conclusive critical evaluation of the role and message of these moviescapes

[Abstract] Finisterre, a location at one of the most western European regions: Galicia (Spain) is being repositioned in Europe as a “Land’s End destination”. It is becoming a second possible destination for one of the most relevant European cultural itineraries: the Jacobean Pilgrimage. As a consequence of the increasing number of pilgrims arriving at Finisterre, territorial changes have transformed the landscape and contributed to its local socio-economic development. This paper aims to investigate how this kind of “reinvention” has contributed to shape a new sense of place. Moreover, it aims to evaluate the role of intangible heritage in the social and landscape transformations in Finisterre and its reconversion to a tourist destination. We will address the changes occurred in the tourist offer over an 18 years period, including pilgrims’ hostels and reception facilities; the institutional tourist promotion; and pilgrims’ profile and behaviour. The research methodology is based on the use of statistical sources and document archives from the Pilgrim’s Office. It also presents an empirical study through the application of questionnaires to managers of local accommodation facilities and a semi-structured interview to the director of the Tourist Office of Finisterre. The results contribute to highlight the changes that are taking place in Finisterre, both in terms of its peripheral condition, and in regards to the level of tourism management.

Las peregrinaciones fueron primeras formas de desplazamiento del ser humano, luego se convirtieron en viajes sagrados, y finalmente algunas de las metas se han vuelto destinos turísticos. Esta movilidad de peregrinos y viajeros ha dado lugar a cambios y contactos interculturales que han propiciado la difusión de imágenes de Santiago de Compostela y del Camino. Desde una perspectiva geográfica, se aborda el origen de los desplazamientos de peregrinos y viajeros italianos hacia Santiago de Compostela a través de uno de los medios de comunicación empleados por los primeros viajeros: la literatura de viaje. La misma es la fuente del presente estudio, en el cual se analiza un corpus de las más significativas obras italianas jacobeas desde el siglo XV al siglo XVIII. Se adopta una metodología de investigación cualitativa al fin de valorar las dinámicas y los factores claves del despliegue histórico del Camino y de Santiago de Compostela entre los viajeros italianos. Asimismo, la investigación pretende individualizar los atributos asociados a la imagen urbana compostelana y a la imagen del Camino jacobeo en su proceso de construcción y difusión en Italia. El resultado de la valoración de los contenidos literarios otorga a estas primeras obras el rango de guías de viaje, Pilgrimages were the first forms of movement of humans, late they became sacred journeys, and finally some sacred destinations turned into tourist destinations. This mobility of pilgrims and travelers has led to intercultural contacts that have enhanced the spread of images of Santiago de Compostela and the Way. From a geographic perspective, the origin of the Italian movements to Santiago de Compostela is addressed through one of the means of communication of early pilgrims and travelers: travel literature. It is the source of this study, in which we analyze a corpus of the most significant Italian Jacobean works since the fifteenth to the eighteenth century. We adopt a qualitative research methodology to assess the dynamics and key factors of the historical unfolding of the Way of St. James and Santiago de Compostela among Italian travelers. The investigation is aimed at identifying the attributes associated with the urban image and the image of the Way in their process of construction and dissemination in Italy. The result of the analysis of the content gives these literary works the range of guidebooks.

Il contributo propone un approccio analitico allo studio del fenomeno del film-induced pilgrimage tourism lungo uno dei più storici e rilevanti itinerari culturali europei: il Cammino di San Giacomo di Compostella. Lo studio combina una revisione del cinema giacobeo con le statistiche relative ai pellegrini giunti a San Giacomo di Compostella nell’ultimo decennio. Tale esercizio persegue come obiettivo analizzare le ripercussioni del cinema giacobeo come fattore d’attrazione del Cammino di San Giacomo in qualità di meta turistica. Prendendo in considerazione il ruolo dei produttori, si propone una riflessione sulle azioni e politiche di marketing adottate dalla Comunità Autonoma della Regione Galizia finalizzate alla promozione del Cammino di pellegrinaggio, la Cattedrale e la città di San Giacomo di Compostella. Sino ad oggi, il cinema ha svolto un ruolo marginale con rispetto alle guide turistiche e alla letteratura giacobea, ma ultimamente il suo impatto nel mercato internazionale sta crescendo. Di recente, il film statunitense The Way può essere considerato il primo promotore del film-induced tourism, poiché l’arrivo di pellegrini dagli Stati Uniti è aumentato dopo la proiezione dello stesso nel 2010, This research paper proposes an analytical approach to the study of the phenomenon of the film-induced pilgrimage tourism, along one of the most historical and relevant European cultural route: the Way of St. James or Camino de Santiago. In the present study, and in order to point out the relation between film broadcast and film-induced tourism, we combine the review of the Jacobean cinema with the statistical analysis of the pilgrims arrived to Santiago de Compostela during the last decade. So, our main aim is to analyse the repercussion of the Jacobean Cinema in the attractiveness of the Way of St. James as tourism destination. We take into consideration the role of the film producers and we also ponder on the marketing policies of the Autonomous Community, which are aimed at promoting the pilgrim’s routes, the Cathedral and the city of Santiago de Compostela. The cinema has played a less important role until now, in comparison with the impact of travel guides and the Jacobean literature, but it is increasing its impact in the international tourism markets. Recently, the American film The Way can be considered to be the first promoter of the film-induced tourism, because the arrivals of pilgrims from USA have been increased after the broadcast of this film since 2010

The power encourages relations, production of space and time and communication exchange processes (Raffestin, 1980; Minca and Bialasiewicz, 2004). The focus of this article is to investigate these relations from a different geopolitical perspective: its contextualization in the medieval and contemporary Christian landscape of Western Europe. Despite the “temporal distance”, the essay approaches the medieval worldviews to understand the broad orientations and the habits of the human consciousness of this period (Guriévich, 1990). Political relations are inscribed in the world and in the landscape, which can be a religious symbolic landscape. Moreover, the article suggests a reading of the Western European landscape through the analysis of religious values which are made visible by means of the material and architectural elements, thus working as symbolic references., El poder nutre las relaciones, las producciones del espacio y del tiempo y los procesos de intercambio de comunicación (Raffestin, 1980; Minca y Bialasiewicz, 2004). En el presente artículo se investigan estas relaciones desde una perspectiva geopolítica distinta: su contextualización en el paisaje cristiano, medieval y actual, de la Europa Occidental. A pesar de la “distancia temporal”, se avanza un acercamiento a las visiones del mundo medieval para comprender las orientaciones generales y los hábitos de la conciencia de los seres humanos de esta época (Guriévich, 1990). Las relaciones políticas están inscritas en el mundo y en el paisaje que, entre otros, puede ser simbólico-religioso. Así mismo, se propone una lectura del paisaje europeo occidental analizando los valores religiosos que han sido externalizados y hechos visibles en los elementos arquitectónicos y materiales, que funcionan como referentes simbólicos. Palabras clave: Edad Media, Poder, Iglesia Católica, Paisaje Europeo Occidental