Search

ortho-Nitroaniline (o-NA) compounds are deemed to be a strongly toxic pollutant in nature and potentially carcinogenic; however, they are frequently utilized to synthesize dyes, pesticides, medicines, fungicides, pigments, and other organic chemicals. Their detection in an aqueous medium is fundamentally required to avoid the potential hazardous being created by these compounds. In this study, a novel sensor based on an Iron oxide (Fe

Electrochemical water-splitting is an environmentally friendly and sustainable means of producing oxygen and hydrogen gasses. However, the high cost and poor stability of conventional electrocatalysts, which are based on precious metals, hinder the large-scale commercialization of this technique. Therefore, the current research demands development of highly active catalysts which do not require any precious metal. Herein, we report the fabrication of a Co(OH)2 electrocatalyst on a metallic Cu film supported on a Ni foam substrate. The developed electrocatalyst has dense Co(OH)2 nano-flakes on the Cu film and exhibits excellent performance towards the oxygen evolution reaction in an alkaline solution. A current density of 10 mA/cm2 can be achieved at an overpotential of 325 mV and the catalyst has a small Tafel slope value of only 77 mV/dec. In addition, the catalytic reaction remains stable for 20 h of chronoamperometry test without any noticeable decay. The promising catalytic performance of this catalyst is attributed to the synergistic effect between the Co(OH)2 electrocatalyst and the Cu-modified Ni foam.

Background: Recently, a variety of cigarettes which contain a low content of nicotine are on the market and the nicotine tends to be reduced continuously. However, studies have not yet fully demonstrated that low-nicotine cigarettes are subservient to quitting smoking. This study was designed to investigate the effects of the nicotine content on smoking attitudes and on the factors associated with successful smoking cessation. Methods: One hundred twenty-fi ve adult smokers, who had undergone a health examination in a general hospital, had their carbon monoxide measured after responding to the questionnaire. The items of questionnaire consisted of the duration of smoking, the age of starting to smoke, the number of attempts to stop smoking, recognition of nicotine dependence, and nicotine dependence score. Results: The subjects consisted of two groups. One group was low nicotine group and the nicotine content was lower than 0.35 mg per cigarette. The other group was high nicotine group and the nicotine content was over 0.35 mg per cigarette. he age was younger and duration of smoking was shorter in low nicotine group. Monthly income, last schooling and number of attempts to stop smoking were higher in low nicotine group. There was no statistical signifi cant differences between the two groups in the frequency of alcohol drinking, the age of starting to smoke, marital status, nicotine dependence, carbon monoxide concentration and recognition of nicotine dependence. Conclusion: As there was no differences in smoking habits which has infl uence on achieving quit smoking of low nicotine group, we made our conclusion that low nicotine cigarette might be unhelpful in quit smoking.