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Članak predstavlja aktivnosti i rezultate projekta “Invazivne strane vrste: poboljšanje razumijevanja i komunikacije”

The Global Register of Introduced and Invasive Species (GRIIS) presents validated and verified checklists of introduced (alien) and invasive alien species at the country, territory level, in this case Croatia. The development of the GRIIS is an initiative supported by the Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) and is implemented within the framework of the Global Invasive Alien Species Information Partnership. The IUCN SSC Invasive Species Specialist Group is the project lead. The resource will be a support to Parties to make progress to Achieve Aichi Target 9 -in the development of their National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plans, their National Invasive Alien Species Strategy and Action Plan, target setting and monitoring.

Monografija u kojoj su opisani izabrani i istraženi speleološki objekti na otoku Mljetu.

In Croatia, there is more than 900 alien species of animals, plants, fungi and other groups of organisms. As part of the project “Establishment of the National Monitoring System for Invasive Alien Species” from May 2019 to February 2021 the Institute for Environment and Nature has conducted first systematic field survey at the national level on selected alien and invasive alien species (IAS). We have collected data for freshwater macrozoobenthos, freshwater crayfish, freshwater fishes, amphibians and reptiles, mammals and vascular plants. Methodologies for collected field data were based on the known distribution and biology of priority species from the Union list and the presence of suitable habitats with lack of data in the territory of Croatia. Through two years of field survey, there was around 27.000 records for 116 alien species. Beside field survey, we have also collected literature data for marine species and pest species in forestry and agriculture. All of the collected data are publicly available through the IAS information system, which is a part of the Croatian Nature Protection Information System. Collected data are the basis for monitoring of IAS and preparation of action plans on the pathways of invasive alien species and management measures of invasive alien species of Union concern that are widely spread. The data will also be used for public awareness on IAS and citizen science programs to prevent further spread of IAS and introduction of new alien species. In this presentation, we will present the results of the mapping of alien species with focus on the efficacy of conducted field survey to collect data for specific taxonomic groups and species.

Brošura "Invazivne strane vrste" izrađena je u okviru projekta "Uspostava nacionalnog sustava za praćenje invazivnih stranih vrsta", sufinanciranog od Europske unije iz Kohezijskog fonda. Brošura obrađuje problematiku invazivnih stranih vrsta, uključujući puteve unošenja i širenja invazivnih stranih vrsta, negativne utjecaje invazivnih stranih vrsta uz primjere (slatkovodni rakovi Faxonius limosus i Pacifastacus leniusculus, ambrozija (Ambrosia artemisiifolia), strani dvornici (rod Reynoutria), mali indijski mungos (Herpestes javanicus auropunctatus), crvenouha i žutouha kornjača (Trachemys scripta), hrastova mrežasta stjenica (Corythucha arcuata), raznolistni krocanj (Myriophyllum heterophyllum), raznolika trokutnjača (Dreissena polymorpha), babuška (Carassius gibelio), sunčanica (Lepomis gibbosus), barska nutrija (Myocastor coypus), žljezdasti pajasen (Ailanthus altissima)), zatim zakonski okvir, načine sprječavanja i širenja invazivnih stranih vrsta, sustav ranog otkrivanja invazivnih stranih vrsta i brzog odgovora, upravljanje široko rasprostranjenim invazivnim stranim vrstama te uklanjanje invazivnih stranih vrsta uz primjere (divovski svinjski korov (Heracleum mantegazzianum), signalni rak (Pacifastacus leniusculus) i žljezdasti pajasen (Ailanthus altissima)).

A two-year research projects in the Krka National Park and Paklenica National Park were conducted aiming to test different methods for cave habitats and fauna monitoring in order to develop monitoring protocols for different species, show caves and cave habitats. Altogether, we investigated 16 caves and 28 target species from the following taxa: Serpulidae, Araneae, Isopoda, Amphipoda, Decapoda, Diplopoda, Chilopoda, Collembola, Diplura and Coleoptera. Here, we will present the results from the monitoring of fauna in three caves from the Krka National Park (Stara jametina, Miljacka II and show cave Oziđana špilja), and the show cave Manita peć in Paklenica National Park. We used two different methods: (1) invertebrate census of the whole cave (in Oziđana špilja), and (2) invertebrate census on plots (in Stara jametina and Miljacka II). The first method is suitable for small caves. For this method, it is best to divide the cave into 3-5 zones and conduct a “minimum- time census”, with a predefined number of people and the amount of time per zone. The second method is applicable for large caves. Again, it is necessary to define the number of people and the amount of counting time per plot. In Manita peć, we combined these two methods: the cave was divided into three zones and plots per zone (in triplicates) were established. With this approach, we were able to collect quantitative data sets and estimate the total abundance of the fauna as well as the abundance of individual taxa. Furthermore, this monitoring scheme is replicative and suitable for long-term monitoring of both fauna and cave habitats. A detailed species inventory of the investigated cave and the trained researchers that can identify species on sight, without collecting them, are crucial prerequisites for the successful implementation of the abovementioned methods.

The signal crayfish (Pacifastacus leniusculus) is the most successful crayfish invader in Europe. In Croatia it was firstly recorded in the Mura-Drava river basin in 2008, as a result of natural dispersal by Slovenian populations. In 2012 it was recorded in the Korana River in the continental part of Croatia, where it was illegally introduced. In both rivers, a high dispersal rate was observed. The aim of this study was to explore the range expansion of the signal crayfish 10 years after its first record in Croatia. We collected literature data and conducted field studies in summer 2018 along the Korana and Drava rivers. In the Korana River, we observed an increase in the range of P. leniusculus by 5 km in 2 years. The invasion range now stretches along a total of 30 km. Dispersal rates were higher in the upstream direction, potentially due to differences in competitive pressure from native crayfish. Abundance of the native narrow clawed crayfish (Astacus leptodactylus) was six times lower at the upstream invasion front than downstream. In the centre of the P. leniusculus invasion range in the Korana river no native crayfish were captured, suggesting a displacement of the narrow clawed crayfish by the invasive signal crayfish. In the Drava River, the extent of the newly recorded invasion front corresponds to projections from an earlier study that estimated signal crayfish dispersal over 10 years. Our new records suggest that signal crayfish dispersal rates in this river have remained among the highest in Europe.

There are about 14, 000 alien species currently known in Europe out of which 10–15% is estimated to be invasive. Invasive alien species (IAS) are recognized as a threat to biodiversity at the global, European and national level, and goals and legal obligations of Croatia regarding management and mitigation of IAS adverse impacts are defined in EU and national legislation, as well as in international conventions and treaties. In order to meet those goals and legal obligations, we need the knowledge of the current distribution of alien species in Croatia, their pathways of introduction and spread, and their impact on biodiversity and related ecosystem functions, human health and economy. Therefore, the purpose of the ongoing project “Establishment of the National Monitoring System for Invasive Alien Species” is to increase the knowledge about IAS in Croatia through literature review, data analysis, field survey at the national level, and the establishment of monitoring and citizen science programs. All of the collected data, including species’ distribution maps, will be publicly available through the IAS information system, planned as a part of the Croatian Nature Protection Information System. Also, one of the aims of the project is to raise the public awareness on IAS in order to prevent their further spread and introduction of new alien species. In this presentation, we will present the project activities in detail.

Kontrola invazivnih stranih vrsta i smanjivanje njihova utjecaja na zavičajne vrste i cjelokupne ekosustave je jedan od najvećih izazova zaštite prirode u Europi danas. No, što je točno strana vrsta, a što invazivna strana vrsta? Zašto su invazivne strane vrste prijetnja za bioraznolikost i koje još štetne učinke mogu imati? Ovo izlaganje odgovara na postavljena pitanja i definira ključne pojmove invazivne biologije. Nadalje, navodi najvažnije nacionalne i međunarodne strateško- planske dokumente i propise te iznosi pravila i načine djelovanja za sprječavanje uvođenja, kontrolu i iskorjenjivanje invazivnih stranih vrsta. Spomenuta djelovanja uključuju preventivno djelovanje kroz ograničenja, uspostavu sustava nadzora za rano otkrivanje, uspostavu mjera upravljanja za široko rasprostranjene invazivne strane vrste i drugo. Trgovina, prijevoz, spontano širenje iz susjednih zemalja i drugi faktori povećavaju rizik unošenja i širenja invazivnih stranih vrsta. Budući da se radi o složenoj problematici, uz propise iz područja zaštite prirode, odredbe koje spominju strane i invazivne strane vrste nalaze se i u propisima vezanima uz druge sektore (primjerice lovstvo, morsko i slatkovodno ribarstvo, šumarstvo, biljno zdravstvo i dr.). Za uspješnu borbu protiv invazivnih stranih vrsta, kako bi se spriječio ili ublažio njihov štetni utjecaj, potrebna je suradnja i usklađeno djelovanje svih uključenih sektora.

Croatian Biospeleological Society made a proposal for monitoring targeted species of cave invertebrates and habitat types, based on two years research project carried out in 15 caves in Šibenik – Knin County including the Krka National Park in Croatia. Species were selected based on national level legislation (i.e. strictly protected) and different ecological classification. Habitats were selected based on EU legislation, i.e. habitat types 8310 Caves not open to public and 8330 Submerged or partially submerged sea caves of the Habitats Directive. Selected caves also differ in size, diversity of terrestrial and aquatic habitats (including anchialine), disturbance degree caused by human activity, and encompasses oligotrophic, mesotrophic and eutrophic (bat colonies) habitats. We have tested the hypothesis that cave habitat can be monitored through the fauna composition (qualitative) and species abundances (quantitative) monitoring. Besides habitat monitoring, our results were supplemented with monitoring the species of different biology, with affinities for different habitat types. Microclimatic parameters were measured in selected caves using data loggers. During research we have tested and applied different methodologies: biodiversity census of the entire cave (for small caves only) ; census of the 1 m2 plots (in large caves) ; abundance assessment of targeted terrestrial and aquatic species (observed from the coastal line and during cave diving) ; mark-recapture method ; pitfall traps (without fixative) ; aquatic traps (without killing) and photographing of sessile aquatic fauna. Altogether 28 species of Serpulidae, Araneae, Isopoda, Amphipoda, Decapoda, Diplopoda, Chilopoda, Collembola, Diplura and Coleoptera were studied. Numerous new findings on ecology, affinities and behavior of studied species were collected. Although monitoring proposals were tested on a relatively small number of species, we believe that they can be applied to several hundred taxonomically close and/or ecologically similar taxa. Monitoring proposals were submitted to the Croatian Agency for Environment and Nature.

Out of around 60 invasive alien plant species in Croatia, tree of heaven (Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle, Simaroubaceae) is considered to be one of the most invasive and one of the most widely distributed. It was introduced to Croatia as ornamental plant and it is still used for that purpose. It is widely distributed in the Mediterrannean part of Croatia, but it is also present in the continental part. Due to its fast spread and negative impacts, tree of heaven has already drawn attention of local authorities and general public. There have been some local initiatives to raise awareness and educate general public about its invasiveness, as well as to record its presence. On the national level there are different activities planned in the near future in order to try to effectively manage its populations. Therefore, recommended methodology for its control and eradication was prepared and pilot project is planned to remove tree of heaven from selected localities in protected areas using this recommended methodology. Furthermore, to manage and control spread of this species on agricultural land, eradication measures for alien plant species have been integrated in Croatian Rural Development Programme for the period 2014-2020 (Measure 4). Along with other species, tree of heaven will be proposed for eradication in the Ordinance for this measure.

Prevention of introduction of alien species is generally considered more desirable and cost- effective than population control and eradication measures and should be prioritised. The main act related to the introduction of alien species into the nature and their possible impact on biodiversity in Croatia is Nature Protection Act (Official Gazette No. 80/2013). It prescribes a preventive measure that bans import, placing on the market, breeding/cultivation and introduction into the nature of alien species that pose ecological risk and are potentially invasive. This preventive measure includes prescreening and risk assessment if necessary. After prescreening process in Croatian Agency for the Environment and Nature the competent Ministry issues permits for alien species with low ecological risk or demands additional risk assessment if ecological risk can not be excluded. In this work we present and analyse a list of terrestrial and aquatic plant species requested for commercial use for which ecological risk could not have been excluded and for which permits were not issued. Among them there are only three species (Miscanthus × giganteus J.M.Greef, Deuter ex Hodk., Renvoize, Panicum virgatum L. and Paulownia tomentosa Steud.) for which the risk assessments have been submitted.

Signal crayfish is one of the 37 species on the List of invasive alien species of Union concern according to EU Regulation 1143/2014 on invasive species. The regulation calls for efficient and cost-effective management of listed species. The aim of this study was to explore the effectiveness of different options for management of the signal crayfish population in a recently invaded region in Croatia. We developed an individual-based model (IBM) to represent signal crayfish population and tested 13 different scenarios, entirely based on manual removal by crayfish traps. Tested scenarios were all based on a fixed number of traps (200), and fixed trapping period (7 trapping days, once a month). Simulations were run for 8 years of management. Scenarios differed in the trapping frequency (every vs. every second year), spatial extent (trapping targeted at invasion core, front or combination of both) and the start of management actions (4 or 6 years since invasion). The most effective scenario, which resulted in 65-74% reduction from the baseline of population abundance and colonisation distance, was the one performed over the largest spatial extent. Scenarios targeting invasion fronts were also among the most effective. The model demonstrated striking differences in the effectiveness of the same scenario, depending on the start of the management actions. The delay of only 2 years in the start of management leads to 2-3.5 times decrease in efficiency of the most effective scenario. The results are discussed in the context of the EU regulation requirements.

Invasive alien species have become more widespread in the territory of Croatia and consequently become important issue in Croatian Nature Protection Act since 2013. By then organized eradication measures were taken on alien plant species which have caused negative impact on human health. Order on measures for compulsory removal of ragweed – Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. from agricultural land (cultivated and uncultivated), forests, public traffic routes and public green areas is in force since 2007. As IAS represent one of the primary threats to biodiversity of Croatia, Croatian Agency for the Environment and Nature (CAEN) has started to implement control and eradication programs on IAS. Control measures on the species Heracleum mantegazzianum in Gornja Šemnica (Radoboj, Krapina-Zagorje County) has already successfully been taken during 2014 and 2015 in collaboration with Public Institution for Management of Protected Natural Values of Krapina-Zagorje County. Moreover, there is “Program for maintenance works for protection against harmful effects of water in Croatia nature” from 2011 with guidance on protection measures to control and eradicate IAS plant species (specifically Amorpha fruticosa and Ambrosia artemisiifolia) in streams and canals and adjoining areas. Further eradication programs are primary focused on invasive alien plant species in protected areas and islands (preferably Natura 2000 sites). In the pilot project in preparation, species Ailanthus altissima and Solanum elangifolium are planned to be removed from the selected localities using best practices. Beside its adverse ecological impact, IAS also cause negative socioeconomic effects. To manage and control spread of invasive alien plant species on agricultural land, eradication measures for alien plant species have been integrated in Croatian Rural Development Programme for the period 2014-2020 (Measure 4). Species Ailanthus altissima, Amorpha fruticosa, Reynoutria japonica, Reynoutria sachalinensis and Robinia pseudacacia will be proposed for eradication in the Ordinance for this measure.

The issue of alien species in the legislation of the Republic of Croatia, due to its complexity, is under the competence of several sectors and is governed by different regulations in the field of environmental and nature protection, forestry, agriculture, hunting, fishing, water management, maritime affairs. Although there is no legislative framework for tackling IAS comprehensively, the important legislation dealing with IAS in Croatia is Nature Protection Act (Official Gazette No. 80/2013) which is the main act related to the introduction of alien species into the nature and their possible impact on biodiversity. The Act prescribes a preventive measure that bans import, placing on the market, breeding/cultivation and introduction into the nature of alien species that pose ecological risk and are potentially invasive. According to the Act the list of alien species whose import and placement on the market will be prohibited (“Black list”) and the list of species whose import and placing on the market will be permitted without restrictions (“White list”) are being developed and they will be prescribed by the new Ordinance. In case of accidental introduction into the nature of alien species, the Act envisions that the competent authority can order measures for removal or prevention of further spread of introduced alien species. Since the new Regulation on IAS at EU level (No 1143/2014) entered into the force at the beginning of the year 2015, in order to incorporate the provisions of the Regulation into the Croatian legislation and to comprehensively regulate extensive and specific IAS issues, it was decided to single out the issue of IAS from the existing Nature Protection Act into the separate Act on IAS. The new Act, whose draft is already prepared, will, apart from the regulation of placing on the market, breeding/cultivation and introduction of alien species into the nature, also regulate the issue of risk assessments, determine the alien species of concern for the Republic of Croatia, define detailed management system of IAS, determine the competent authorities and their tasks, prescribe adequate penalty provisions, etc.

On 1 January 2015 the EU Regulation 1143/2014 on invasive alien species entered into force. The Regulation is binding in its entirety and directly applicable in Croatia as one of the EU Member States. At the core of the Regulation there is a list of invasive alien species of Union concern (the Union list). The first Union list was adopted in July 2016 (Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2016/1141). The list contains 14 plant and 23 animal species. Nine species from the list are considered to be present in Croatia, either in established populations or occasionally recorded. The Regulation foresees three types of intervention that every Member State has to apply in relation to the species on the Union list: (1) prevention, (2) early detection and rapid eradication of new IAS, and (3) management of IAS that are already widely spread. Each type of intervention requires specific actions to be taken by the Member States (analysis of introduction pathways, establishment of action plan(s) addressing priority pathways, establishment of the surveillance system, putting in place management measures for widespread species etc.) and for every action the timeframe is given. The Regulation also foresees the continuous updating of the Union list as well as the possibility of establishment of national and regional lists (IAS of regional and national concern). Given all the possibilities and obligations set out in the Regulation, it is clear that concerted action of all relevant sectors at the national level is necessary to fulfil all the requirements and to successfully combat IAS.

Goldenrain tree (Koelreuteria paniculata Laxm., Sapindaceae) is a neophyte deliberately introduced to Europe from eastern Asia. It has been used as ornamental tree in urban parks in Croatia for several decades. Due to the fact that its invasiveness was observed in several European countries (e.g. FYR Macedonia, Bulgaria) its invasive potential was studied in the City of Zagreb. More than 10 different localities with almost 70 cultivated goldenrain trees were visited during July, August and September of 2016, the diameter at breast height (DBH) of recorded trees was determined and it was noted if they fructified. The number of seedlings and their height (< 10 cm, 10-50 cm, 50-100 cm, 100-200 cm and > 200 cm) was determined at different distances (< 5 m, 5-10 m, > 10 m) from each planted tree. Furthermore, occupied habitat of seedlings was also noted (lawn, hedges/bushes, crevices/edges). The results have shown that goldenrain trees produce seedlings which grow at different distances from parent trees and in all observed habitats. However, the most numerous seedlings were recorded in hedges/bushes if this habitat was present in the vicinity of goldenrain tree. All these results imply that goldenrain tree is potentially invasive species.

The signal crayfish, Pacifastacus leniusculus has recently been introduced to the Korana River, a karstic river in the central part of Croatia, where it presents an alarming threat to its native crayfish diversity. In this study, we explored the dynamics of range expansion of the signal crayfish in the Korana River and developed an individual-based model (IBM) to explore different options for management of its populations. In 3 years, the invasive range of the signal crayfish increased 2.5 times, while dispersal rate was similar in both upstream and downstream direction. At former invasion fronts crayfish abundance increased 5 times and was translated into significant reduction of signal crayfish size (total length) in these populations. The IBM was based on the species basic life history and simulated multiyear population dynamics. We explored management scenarios for periods of 10 years that differed in catch per unit effort (CPUE), trapping period and frequency. Considering a catch effort of 10% of all individuals in the population > 60 mm, model simulations suggested that the most effective management option would be to harvest one week per month each year of the 10 year period. This would drive the population to 5% of the baseline, i.e. non-harvested abundances. The next best alternative is to harvest every year for a limited number of months (June – November). Both of these findings are conditional on a constant CPUE. We also discuss model results with a varying CPUE, and highlight the applicability of population models in invasive species management.

Intenzivna speleološka istraživanja Jamskog sustava Kita Gaćešina – Draženova puhaljka nisu bila popraćena sustavnim i intenzivnim biospeleološkim istraživanjima. Usprkos povremenom prikupljanju biološkog materijala, do sada je za Kitu Gaćešinu utvrđeno 16 svojti iz slijedećih skupina:  grinje (Acarina: Gen. sp.),  lažipauci (Opiliones: Hadzinia sp.),  lažištipavci (Pseudoscorpiones: Neobisium sp.),  rakovi (Crustacea: Niphargus sp., Alpioniscus sp. nov.),  stonoge (Myrapoda: Hassia stenopodium, Polydesmida Gen. nov. sp.nov.),  skokuni (Collembola: Tritomurus sp. nov., Disparrhopalites sp. nov., Pseudosinella heteromurina, Onychiuridae sp. 1, Onychiuridae sp. 2, Isotomidae Gen. nov. sp. nov.)  kornjaši (Coleoptera: Astagobius angustatus, Parapropus sericeus augustae, Velebitodromus ozrenlukici). Sve utvrđene svojte su visokospecijalizirani, pravi podzemni organizmi – troglobionti. Faunistički su najzanimljiviji nalazi novih rodova i vrsta jednakonožnih rakova, stonoga i skokuna. Kada sagledamo Jamski sustav Kita Gaćešina – Draženova puhaljka u kontekstu Crnopca, možemo zaključiti kako je Kita Gaćešina izrazito biospeleološki zanimljiva. Naime, dosadašnjim istraživanjima šireg područja Crnopca utvrđeno je ukupno 32 troglobiontne svojte, a od toga polovica je zabilježena i za Kitu Gaćešinu! Nadalje, veći dio faune Kite Gaćešine je utvrđen i u drugim velikim objektima Crnopca, poput Munižabe, Muda Labudovih i Burinke, što ukazuje na povezanost cjelokupnog špiljskog sustava u jedan zajednički podzemni prostor. Područje masiva Crnopca nije samo speleološki i hidrološki značajno za Hrvatsku nego je i izrazito bogato endemičnom podzemnom faunom te je potrebno poduzeti brojne korake u zaštiti i znanstvenom istraživanju ovog posebno vrijednog dijela hrvatske baštine.

Svezak 2 predstavlja nadogradnju i nadopunu prvog sveska Atlasa špiljskih tipskih lokaliteta faune Republike Hrvatske (Jalžić et al., 2010). Špiljski tipski lokalitet jest speleološki objekt ili više njih (špilje ili jame) u kojima je prvi put pronađena, i na temelju uzorkovanih primjeraka opisana, nova svojta za znanost. Zbog iznimne vrijednosti takvih lokaliteta Hrvatsko biospeleološko društvo (HBSD) 2000. godine započinje projekt pod nazivom Izradom biospeleološkog katastra, edukacijom i popularizacijom do zaštite živog svijeta podzemlja Hrvatske u suradnji s tadašnjim Ministarstvom zaštite okoliša i prostornog uređenja, koji s prekidima traje do 2006. godine, a potom se do 2011. godine projekt provodi u suradnji s Državnim zavodom za zaštitu prirode. Velik dio posla dobrovoljno obavljaju članovi HBSD-a sudjelujući na drugim projektima Društva, ali i speleološkim istraživanjima i ekspedicijama brojnih speleoloških udruga Hrvatske. Najvažniji su rezultati projekta dvije publikacije, Katalog špiljskih tipskih lokaliteta faune Hrvatske (Bedek et al., 2006) objavljen kao poseban broj znanstvenog časopisa Natura Croatica i prvi svezak Atlasa špiljskih tipskih lokaliteta faune Republike Hrvatske (Jalžić et al., 2010) te baza podataka Biospeologica Dinarica (www.biospeologica-dinarica.org). U Katalogu su popisani svi tada poznati špiljski tipski lokaliteti s područja Hrvatske (bez krških izvora) te su za njih navedene sve opisane svojte. Tadašnji broj od 206 špiljskih tipskih lokaliteta i 338 životinjskih svojti istaknuo je Hrvatsku kao područje velike biološke raznolikosti podzemne faune – važno na svjetskoj razini. Opisane su svojte većinom endemi Dinarida (330), a znatan broj svojti endemi su Hrvatske (298). Intenzivna istraživanja članova HBSD-a, suradnja s brojnim istraživačima i speleološkim udrugama te domaćim i stranim znanstvenicima izvan Društva rezultiraju stalnim povećanjem broja novih svojti i tipskih lokaliteta. U prvom svesku Atlasa objavljen je popis od 254 tipska lokaliteta i 399 opisanih svojti, od kojih su 102 lokaliteta i 133 svojte detaljno predstavljeni. Proširenje područja rada s Hrvatske na cijele Dinaride ostvareno je pokretanjem i izradom javno dostupne internetske baze podataka Biospeologica Dinarica čiji je glavni cilj prikupljanje podataka o špiljskim tipskim lokalitetima faune čitavih Dinarida. U bazi su trenutačno prikazani podaci za sve špiljske tipske lokalitete Hrvatske i 50 lokaliteta s područja Dinarida izvan granica Hrvatske, što uključuje 684 opisane svojte, oko polovice ukupnog broja do sada opisanih svojti s Dinarida. Katalog i Atlas prve su publikacije ove vrste u Svijetu.

Cilj istraživanja bio je izračunati maksimalni dnevni broj posjetitelja koje Nacionalni park Krka (NP Krka) može primiti, a da ne dođe do degradacije prirodnih vrijednosti i doživljaja posjetitelja. Pri računanju kapaciteta okoliša u obzir su uzete one karakteristike koje najviše ograničavaju broj posjetitelja (mreža puteva, eutrofikacija, buka). Kapacitet okoliša zaštićenih područja je minimum kapaciteta okoliša uzimajući u obzir sve promatrane karakteristike. Pokazalo se kako broj turista ovisi o broju, segmentiranosti, duljini i povezanosti staza unutar NP Krka. Procjena maksimalnog dnevnog broja posjetitelja NP Krka je: ulaz Skradin, 2375 posjetitelja; ulaz Lozovac, 775 posjetitelja te ulaz Roški slap, 8640 posjetitelja. Ukupan dnevni kapacitet okoliša iznosi 11 790 posjetitelja. Promjenom sustava upravljanja (osnivanjem rezervata unutar granica NP Krka), kao i korištenjem nekih novih parametara ovaj broj može se samo umanjiti. Također, reorganizacijom infrastrukture, kao i povećanjem ponude upravitelji u NP Krka mogu uvesti i veći broj turista, čime bi se povećala sredstva namijenjena zaštiti NP Krka. The research has been undertaken to measure the maximum number of visitors Krka National Park can sustain daily without degrading natural resources and visitor experiences. Parameters considered in the measurement of the carrying capacity were the ones that limit the visitor use the most (the path network, eutrofication, noise). Carrying capacity of the protected area is the minimum environment’s capacity considering all the measured parameters. The results have shown that the number of tourists depends on the number of paths in Krka National Park, as well as on how long, connected or disconnected they are. The estimation of the maximum daily number of visitors to Krka Nationl Park is the following: the entrance Skradin – 2375 visitors, the entrance Lozovac – 775 visitors, the entrance Roški Slap – 8640 visitors. Total daily carrying capacity of the environment amounts to 11 790 visitors. This number can be reduced further by changing the managing system (by establishing a nature reserve within Krka National Park), as well as by the introduction of new parameters. Moreover, by reorganizing the infrastructure and extending the offer, the number of tourists could even be increased, which would lead to an increase in funding available for the protection of Krka National Park.

Ova publikacija treći je svezak Atlasa špiljskih tipskih lokaliteta faune Republike Hrvatske (Jalžić i sur. 2010, 2013). Špiljski tipski lokalitet čini jedan ili više lokaliteta u kojima su sakupljeni primjerci na temelju kojih je znanstveno opisana nova svojta za znanost. U ovom slučaju to su špilje, jame ili potopljeni speleološki objekti i izvori. Kod izvora i potopljenih speleoloških objekata govori se o onima u koje istraživač zbog zarušenja ili uskih prolaza ne može ući, ali je špiljsku (stigobiontnu) faunu moguće sakupiti na površini kada je izbaci voda iz podzemlja. Za špiljske svojte tipski lokalitet je ponekad jedino poznato nalazište te su zbog toga iznimno vrijedni. U svrhu promocije i zaštite špiljskih tipskih lokaliteta, Hrvatsko biospeleološko društvo (HBSD) 2000. godine započinje projekt pod nazivom Izradom biospeleološkog katastra, edukacijom i popularizacijom do zaštite živog svijeta podzemlja Hrvatske koji se uz manje izmjene provodi sve do danas. Najvažniji rezultati projekta su tri publikacije, prve tog tipa u svijetu, kroz koje se može pratiti rast broja tipskih lokaliteta i opisanih svojti. U Katalogu špiljskih tipskih lokaliteta faune Hrvatske (Bedek i sur., 2006) navedeno je 206 špiljskih tipskih lokaliteta i 338 opisanih svojti ; u prvom svesku Atlasa špiljskih tipskih lokaliteta faune Republike Hrvatske (Jalžić i sur., 2010) broj lokaliteta popeo se je na 254, a svojti na 399, da bi u zadnjoj publikaciji, drugom svesku Atlasa, taj broj dosegao 271 špiljski tipski lokalitet i 427 opisanih svojti. Konačno, u razdoblju od izdavanja drugog sveska Atlasa pa do danas, broj tipskih lokaliteta narastao je na 331, a opisanih svojti na 520.