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An actinomycete, designated strain CH9-7 T , was isolated from the rhizosphere soil of Mangifera indica. The morphological and chemotaxonomic properties, such as the production of spiral spore chains and the presence of LL-diaminopimelic acid in the peptidoglycan, showed that it belongs to the genus Streptomyces. Based on the 16S rRNA gene analysis, it was confirmed that strain CH9-7 T was a member of the genus Streptomyces and revealed 99.9% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to its closest relative strains, Streptomyces lydicus NBRC 13058  T and Streptomyces chattanoogensis NBRC 12754  T . Although the strain showed high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values, however, genome relatedness indexes exhibited that the average nucleotide identity based on the MUMmer (ANIm) algorithm, the average amino acid identity (AAI), and the digital DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain CH9-7 T and its closest phylogenomic relatives were below the threshold values for delineation of a novel species, (ANIm ranging from 87.5 to 88.6, AAI ranging from 80.6 to 84.6, and dDDH ranging from 28.4 to 31.7), respectively. A taxonomic position of strain CH9-7 T in the phylogenomic tree showed that the closest relative strain was S. lydicus NBRC 13058  T . The comparative phenotypic studies between strain CH9-7 T and its closest relatives revealed that strain CH9-7 T could be classified as a novel species of the genus Streptomyces. Thus, the name Streptomyces siderophoricus sp. nov. is proposed for the strain. The type strain is CH9-7 T ( = TBRC 17833  T  = NBRC 116426  T ). The chemical investigation led to the isolation of four known compounds (compounds 1-4). Among these compounds, compound 1 was identified to be nocardamine, a promising bioactive substance., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to the Japan Antibiotics Research Association.)

Potato scab is a common potato tuber disease that affects quality and cost in the marketplace, shortening storage, and increasing the chance for secondary infection. The tubers with disease severity of 1 to 4 are accepted and stored in potato storage for cheap selling in Thailand. However, there are few studies of the bacterial community of the scabby tuber during storage. Thus, we aim to elucidate the diversity, structure, and function of the bacterial community of 30-day storage potato scabby tubers stored in different temperatures using 16S amplicon metagenomic sequencing. Bacterial communities of storage potato scabby tubers (Spunta cultivar) collected from different storage temperatures, 4 °C (MEP1) and 6 °C (MEP2), were characterized using 16S rRNA amplicon metagenomic sequencing. The alpha-diversity abundance in the bacteriome of the scabby tubers stored at 6 °C was higher than in those stored at 4 °C. Actinobacteria (34.7%) was a dominant phylum in MEP1, while Proteobacteria (39.9%) was predominant in MEP2. The top 10 genera of both communities were Rhizobium group, Streptomyces, Pectobacterium, Ruminococcus, Cellulomonas, Promicromonospora, Prevotella, Enterobacter, Pedobacter, and Paenarthrobacter. Moreover, functional profile prediction of both communities reveals essential genes in the pathosystem: nos, bglA, and cebEFG-msiK for potato scab disease and phc and peh operons for rot disease. Our findings are the first study to explore details of the bacteriome of the accepted potato scabby tubers for selling during storage in Thailand and strongly indicate that although potatoes were stored at low temperatures, diseases still occur by secondary pathogens., (© 2024. Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i.)

Pradimicin U is a new dihydrobenzo[a]naphthacenequinone compound found to be active on a screen designed to investigate compounds with antimicrobial activity, produced by the actinomycete designated strain FMUSA5-5 T . The strain was isolated from a bio-fertilizer of Musa spp. collected from Suphanburi province, Thailand. The chemotaxonomic characteristics and 16S rRNA gene analysis revealed that strain FMUSA5-5 T is a member of the genus Nonomuraea. Low genome-based taxonomic criteria, average nucleotide identity (ANI) (82.8-88.3%), average amino-acid identity (AAI) (79.4-87.3%), and digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) (29.5-38.5%) values and several phenotypic differences between strain FMUSA5-5 T and its closest type strains of the genus Nonomuraea indicated that strain FMUSA5-5 T represents a novel species of the genus Nonomuraea and the name Nonomuraea composti sp. nov. is proposed for the strain. The crude extract from the culture broth of strain FMUSA5-5 T displayed promising antimicrobial activity against several pathogens and led to the isolation of a novel secondary metabolite, pradimicin U. Interestingly, this compound displayed a broad spectrum of biological activities such as antimalarial activity against Plasmodium falciparum K1 (IC 50 value = 3.65 µg/mL), anti-Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra (MIC value = 25.0 µg/mL), anti-Alternaria brassicicola BCC 42724 (MIC value = 25.0 µg/mL), anti-Bacillus cereus ATCC 11778 and anti-Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 (MIC values = 6.25 and 1.56 µg/mL, respectively). Moreover, the compound possessed strong anti-human small cell lung cancer (NCI-H187) activity with IC 50 value of 5.69 µg/mL, while cytotoxicity against human breast cancer (MCF-7) and Vero cells was very weak (IC 50 values of 52.49 and 21.84 µg/mL, respectively)., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Background: Cassava mosaic disease (CMD), caused by Sri Lankan cassava mosaic virus (SLCMV) infection, has been identified as a major pernicious disease in Manihot esculenta Crantz (cassava) plantations. It is widespread in Southeast Asia, especially in Thailand, which is one of the main cassava supplier countries. With the aim of restricting the spread of SLCMV, we explored the gene expression of a tolerant cassava cultivar vs. a susceptible cassava cultivar from the perspective of transcriptional regulation and the mechanisms underlying plant immunity and adaptation., Results: Transcriptomic analysis of SLCMV-infected tolerant (Kasetsart 50 [KU 50]) and susceptible (Rayong 11 [R 11]) cultivars at three infection stages-that is, at 21 days post-inoculation (dpi) (early/asymptomatic), 32 dpi (middle/recovery), and 67 dpi (late infection/late recovery)-identified 55,699 expressed genes. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between SLCMV-infected KU 50 and R 11 cultivars at (i) 21 dpi to 32 dpi (the early to middle stage), and (ii) 32 dpi to 67 dpi (the middle stage to late stage) were then identified and validated by real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). DEGs among different infection stages represent genes that respond to and regulate the viral infection during specific stages. The transcriptomic comparison between the tolerant and susceptible cultivars highlighted the role of gene expression regulation in tolerant and susceptible phenotypes., Conclusions: This study identified genes involved in epigenetic modification, transcription and transcription factor activities, plant defense and oxidative stress response, gene expression, hormone- and metabolite-related pathways, and translation and translational initiation activities, particularly in KU 50 which represented the tolerant cultivar in this study., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

A novel endophytic actinomycete, strain MEP2-6 T , was isolated from scab tissues of potato tubers collected from Mae Fag Mai Sub-district, San Sai District, Chiang Mai Province, Thailand. Strain MEP2-6 T is a gram-positive filamentous bacteria characterized by meso -diaminopimelic acid in cell wall peptidoglycan and arabinose, galactose, glucose, and ribose in whole-cell hydrolysates. Diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, and hydroxy-phosphatidylethanolamine were the major phospholipids, of which MK-9(H 6 ) was the predominant menaquinone, whereas iso-C 16:0 and iso-C 15:0 were the major cellular fatty acids. The genome of the strain was 10,277,369 bp in size with a G + C content of 71.7%. The 16S rRNA gene phylogenetic and core phylogenomic analyses revealed that strain MEP2-6 T was closely related to Amycolatopsis lexingtonensis NRRL B-24131 T (99.4%), A. pretoriensis DSM 44654 T (99.3%), and A. eburnea GLM-1 T (98.9%). Notably, strain MEP2-6 T displayed 91.7%, 91.8%, and 87% ANIb and 49%, 48.8%, and 35.4% dDDH to A. lexingtonensis DSM 44653 T (=NRRL B-24131 T ), A. eburnea GLM-1 T , and A. pretoriensis DSM 44654 T , respectively. Based on phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, and genomic data, strain MEP2-6 T could be officially assigned to a novel species within the genus Amycolatopsis , for which the name Amycolatopsis solani sp. nov. has been proposed. The type of strain is MEP2-6 T (=JCM 36309 T = TBRC 17632 T = NBRC 116395 T ). Amycolatopsis solani MEP2-6 T was strongly proven to be a non-phytopathogen of potato scab disease because stunting of seedlings and necrotic lesions on potato tuber slices were not observed, and there were no core biosynthetic genes associated with the BGCs of phytotoxin-inducing scab lesions. Furthermore, comparative genomics can provide a better understanding of the genetic mechanisms that enable A. solani MEP2-6 T to adapt to the plant endosphere. Importantly, the strain smBGCs accommodated 33 smBGCs encoded for several bioactive compounds, which could be beneficially applied in the fields of agriculture and medicine. Consequently, strain MEP2-6 T is a promising candidate as a novel biocontrol agent and antibiotic producer., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Wannawong, Mhuantong, Macharoen, Niemhom, Sitdhipol, Chaiyawan, Umrung, Tanasupawat, Suwannarach, Asami and Kuncharoen.)

Seven undescribed compounds, including four naphthoquinone terpenoids (aculeolatins A - D), one rare 2-nitropyrrole terpenoid (nitropyrrolin F), and two hydroxamate siderophores (aculeolamides A and B) and one further undescribed compound (2,5,7-trihydroxy-3,6-dimethylnaphthalene-1,4-dione), together with eleven known compounds (arromycin, phenaziterpene A, nitropyrrolin A, heronapyrroles A and B, salaceyin A, 5,7-dihydroxy-2-isopropylchromone, 1-hydroxyphenazine, 1-methoxyphenazine, 1-acetyl-β-carboline, and N-(2-phenylethyl) acetamide), were isolated from the cultures of the endophytic Streptomyces aculeolatus MS1-6. The structures of the isolated compounds were determined using NMR spectroscopy and corroborated using chemical modification. These compounds exhibited a broad spectrum of biological activities, including antimalarial (IC 50 6.03-9.84 μg/mL), antitubercular (MIC 3.13-6.25 μg/mL), anti-plant pathogenic fungal (MIC 25.0-50.0 μg/mL), and antibacterial (MIC 3.03-50 μg/mL) activities; however, they displayed unremarkable cytotoxicity against cancerous (MCF-7 and NCI-H187) and non-cancerous (Vero) cell lines., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Strains DS1-2 T and AZ1-7, which were isolated from roots of plants, were taxonomically characterized based on polyphasic taxonomic and taxogenomic approaches. Both strains were Gram-stain-positive and filamentous bacteria which contained LL-diaminopimelic acid in cell-wall peptidoglycan and glucose and ribose in whole-cell hydrolysates. MK-9(H 6 ), MK-10(H 6 ), MK-9(H 8 ), MK-10(H 8 ) and MK-10(H 4 ) were major menaquinones; iso-C 16:0 and iso-C 16:1 G were predominant cellular fatty acids; diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol mannoside presented as major phospholipids; and the DNA G+C contents of 73.2 mol%. Strains DS1-2 T and AZ1-7 showed 97.6-98.0 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, 81.0-82.0 % ANIb, 84.8-85.3 % ANIm and 22.0-23.1 % digital DDH to their related type strains: S. specialis GW41-1564 T and S. hoynatensis S1412 T . Comparative genomics results of these strains and their related type strains also revealed the differences and distributions of key genes associated with stress responses, environmental variables, plant interactions and bioactive metabolites. Based on the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genomic data, strains DS1-2 T and AZ1-7 could be assigned to the novel species within the genus Streptomyces for which the name Streptomyces radicis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is DS1-2 T (=JCM 32152 T =KCTC 39738 T =TISTR 2403 T )., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.)

Two strains of moderately halophilic, Gram-stain-positive and spore-forming rods, designated as SKP4-8 T and SKP8-2 T isolated from shrimp paste (Ka-pi), were taxonomic studied based on polyphasic approach. Strain SKP4-8 T grew at pH 6.0-9.0 (optimum 7.0), at 25-45 °C (optimum 37 °C) and in 1-16% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 5-10%). Strain SKP8-2 T grew at pH 6.0-9.0 (optimum 8.0), at 25-45 °C (optimum 37 °C) and in 0-20% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 3-10%). The strains contained meso-diaminopimelic acid in cell-wall peptidoglycan and the major menaquinone was MK-7. Strain SKP4-8 T contained iso-C 15:0 , anteiso-C 15:0 and iso-C 17:0 ; and strain SKP8-2 T contained anteiso-C 15:0 , iso-C 15:0 , iso-C 16:0 and antesio-C 17:0 as major cellular fatty acids. Phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, unknown phospholipids and an unknown glycolipid were detected as major polar lipids. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strains SKP4-8 T and SKP8-2 T belonged to the genus Allobacillus and were closely related to Allobacillus halotolerans LMG 24826 T with 98.8% and 99.3% similarity, respectively. The comparative genome analysis based on average nucleotide identity (ANI) and digital DNA-DNA hybridization revealed that both strains showed the values below 95 and 70%, from each other and from Allobacillus halotolerans LMG 24826 T , respectively. Based on the data from this polyphasic study, strains SKP4-8 T and SKP8-2 T represent novel species of the genus Allobacillus and the name Allobacillus salarius sp. nov. was proposed for SKP4-8 T (= KCTC 33905 T  = LMG 30016 T  = TISTR 2499 T ); and Allobacillus saliphilus sp. nov. for SKP8-2 T (= KCTC 33906 T  = LMG 29682 T  = TISTR 2558 T )., (© 2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

An aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, endospore-forming, rod-shaped and moderately halophilic strain SKP4-6 T , was isolated from shrimp paste ( Ka-pi ) collected from Samut Sakhon Province, Thailand. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that strain SKP4-6 T belonged to the genus Halobacillus and was most closely related to Halobacillus salinus JCM 11546 T (98.6 %), Halobacillus locisalis KCTC 3788 T (98.6 %) and Halobacillus yeomjeoni KCTC 3957 T (98.6 %) based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. The digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) and average nucleotide identity (ANI) values between strain SKP4-6 T and its related species were 18.2-19.3 % and 69.84-84.51 %, respectively, which were lower than the threshold recommended for species delineation. The strain grew optimally at 30-40 °C, at pH 7.0 and with 10-15 % (w/v) NaCl. It contained l-Orn-d-Asp in the cell wall peptidoglycan. The DNA G+C content was 44.8 mol%. The major fatty acids were iso-C 15 : 0 , anteiso-C 15 : 0 and anteiso-C 17 : 0 . The predominant isoprenoid quinone was MK-7. Phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol were present as major polar lipids. Based on this polyphasic approach, digital DNA-DNA relatedness and ANI values, strain SKP4-6 T represents a novel species of the genus Halobacillus , for which the name Halobacillus fulvus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is SKP4-6 T (=JCM 32624 T =TISTR 2595 T ).

Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) plays a key role as an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian sympathetic nervous system and has other health benefits. Molecular characterization, genome analysis, and optimization were investigated to improve GABA production of a selected strain of lactic acid bacteria. Eleven isolates from plant materials were screened for GABA productivity and were identified based on phenotypic and genotypic characteristics. The most potent strain was chosen for genome analysis and GABA production optimization using the response surface methodology (RSM). Each of the two strains was closely related to Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus brevis, Weissella cibaria, Leuconostoc pseudomesenteroides while each strain was similar to Lactobacillus pentosus, Enterococcus lactis, and Leuconostoc mesenteroides. They produced GABA ranging from 0.036 ± 0.000 to 17.315 ± 0.171 g/L at 72 h-cultivation. Among them, the most potent strain, SL9-6, showed the highest GABA production (17.315 g/L) when cultivated with 10% (v/v) inoculum for 48 h. The draft genome sequence of strain SL9-6 exhibited 96.90% average nucleotide identity value and 74.50% digital DNA-DNA hybridization to Lactobacillus brevis NCTC 13768 T . This strain contained a glutamate decarboxylase gene system (gadA, gadB, and gadC). Optimal culture conditions were determined as 40.00 g/L glucose, 49.90 g/L monosodium glutamate, pH 5.94, and 31.10°C by RSM, giving maximum GABA production of 32.48 g/L. Results from RSM also indicated that monosodium glutamate concentration, pH, and temperature were significant variables. GABA production significantly improved here could promise further application of strain SL9-6.

Three novel actinomycete strains, designated as DR6-1 T , DR6-2 and DR6-4, isolated from the roots of Dendrobium heterocarpum Lindl in Thailand were studied using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. The strains grew at 20-37 °C, at pH 5-10 and with 5 % (w/v) NaCl. They contained meso -diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan and MK-9(H 4 ) was a major menaquinone. Arabinose and galactose were the major sugars in the cell wall. The predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C 16 : 0 and iso-C 15 : 0 . The detected polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, hydroxyphosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylglycerol. Strains DR6-1 T , DR6-2 and DR6-4 shared 99.9-100 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity and were closely related to Amycolatopsis echigonensis JCM 21831 T (98.7-98.8%). The approximate genome size of strain DR6-1 T was 9.6 Mb with a G+C content of 69.6 mol%. The ANIb and dDDH values between genomic sequences of strain DR6-1 T and Amycolatopsis echigonensis JCM21831 T , Amycolatopsis rubida JCM 10871 T and Amycolatopsis nivea KCTC 39515 T were 90.55, 92.25, 92.60%, and 47.20, 52.10 and 52.50%, respectively. Based on the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic characteristics, it has been concluded that strains DR6-1 T , DR6-2 and DR6-4 represent a novel species of the genus Amycolatopsis for which the name Amycolatopsis dendrobii sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is DR6-1 T (=JCM 33742 T =KCTC 49546 T =TISTR 2840 T ).

A novel actinomycete strain CYP1-5 T was isolated from the mountain soil sample collected from Chaiyaphum province, Thailand and its taxonomic position was clarified by using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. The chemotaxonomic properties of strain CYP1-5 T were consistent within the genus Actinomadura. Cell-wall peptidoglycan of this strain contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. Galactose, madurose, and ribose were presented as the diagnostic sugars in whole-cell hydrolysates. The major menaquinone was MK-9(H 6 ). Major cellular fatty acids were iso-C 16:0 and C 16:0 . Phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, and phosphatidylinositol mannoside were observed as predominant phospholipids. Based on the results of phylogenetic analyses of 16S rRNA gene sequence, strain CYP1-5 T was constituent with the genus Actinomadura and was closely related to Actinomadura syzygii GKU157 T (99.5%) and Actinomadura chibensis IFM 10266 T (= JCM 14158 T ) (98.2%). The draft genome size of strain CYP1-5 T was 9.30 Mb with 72.2 mol% of G + C content. Strain CYP1-5 T showed ANIb values of 94.9% with A. syzygii GKU157 T and 93.2% with A. chibensis JCM 14158 T . Phenotypic characteristics, phylogenetic analysis and genome data support that strain CYP1-5 T could be discriminated from its closest relatives, representing a novel species of the genus Actinomadura, for which the name Actinomadura decatromicini sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CYP1-5 T (= JCM 16996 T  = KCTC 19916 T  = TISTR 2901 T ).

This study was designed to investigate the cultivable actinobacteria associated with bryophytes and their plant growth promoting ability. Thirteen actinobacteria were isolated and tested for their ability to promote growth of plant in vitro and in planta . All isolates were able to produce IAA and siderophores. Six isolates were identified as members of the genus Micromonospora . Five isolates belonged to the genus Streptomyces and one each of Microbispora and Mycobacterium . Micromonospora sp. CMU55-4 was inoculated to rare moss [ Physcomitrium sphaericum (C. Ludw.) Fürnr.] and could increase the amount of carotenoid, fresh weight, and dry weight of this moss. In addition, this strain promoted capsule production, and rescued P. sphaericum 's gametophytes during acclimatization to land. Strain CMU55-4 was identified as Micromonospora chalcea based on whole genome sequence analysis. Its plant growth promoting potential was further characterized through genome mining. The draft genome size was 6.6 Mb (73% GC). The genome contained 5,933 coding sequences. Functional annotation predicted encoded genes essential for siderophore production, phosphate solubilization that enable bacteria to survive under nutrient limited environment. Glycine-betaine accumulation and trehalose biosynthesis also aid plants under drought stress. M. chalcea CMU55-4 also exhibited genes for various carbohydrate metabolic pathways indicating those for efficient utilization of carbohydrates inside plant cells. Additionally, predictive genes for heat shock proteins, cold shock proteins, and oxidative stress such as glutathione biosynthesis were identified. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that bryophytes harbor plant growth promoting actinobacteria. A representative isolate, M. chalcea CMU55-4 promotes the growth of P. sphaericum moss and contains protein coding sequences related to plant growth promoting activities in its genome., (Copyright © 2020 Insuk, Kuncharoen, Cheeptham, Tanasupawat and Pathom-aree.)

Thirty-three yeasts were isolated from palm oil industrial wastes and traditional fermented foods in Thailand. Based on the analysis of the sequences of the D1/D2 region of the large subunit ribosomal RNA gene (LSU rDNA) and their phenotypic characteristics, they were identified as Pichia kudriavzevii (11 isolates), Candida ethanolica (1 isolate), Clavispora lusitaniae (2 isolates), Ogataea polymorpha (1 isolate), Hanseniaspora opuntiae (1 isolate), Lodderomyces elongisporus (1 isolate), Saccharomyces cerevisiae (2 isolates), C. tropicalis (5 isolates), Yarrowia lipolytica (2 isolates), Magnusiomyces ingens (1 isolate), and Magnusiomyces capitatus (3 isolates), Trichosporon insectorum (1 isolate), and Trichosporon asteroides (2 isolates). Seven strains, T. insectorum 4E-1D, M. capitatus 5E-1T and 5E-2D, T. asteroides 8E-1T and 8E-1D, and Y. lipolytica Fy-12 and Fy-13, showed high lipolytic activity ranged from 5.21 ± 0.09 to 45.68 ± 2.37 U/mL. Moreover, these seven strains exhibited good lipolytic activity after culturing in the medium containing palm oil (11.79 ± 0.67 to 28.19 ± 4.84 U/mL) and soy oil (9.14 ± 1.08 to 22.97 ± 0.69 U/mL) as lipase inducers. The result of this study suggests that the palm oil industrial wastes and Thai fermented foods could be promised as the invaluable sources of lipolytic yeasts., Competing Interests: No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors., (© 2020 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.)

A novel actinomycete strain, Bv016 T , belonging to the genus Streptomyces , was isolated from the bark of tree, Bauhinia variegata Linn., collected in Thailand. The taxonomic position of the strain was characterized by using a polyphasic approach. ll-Diaminopimelic acid, glucose, mannose, ribose and galactose were detected in its whole-cell hydrolysates. The N -acyl type of muramic acid was acetyl. The strain contained anteiso-C 15  :  0 , iso-C 16  :  0 , iso-C 15  :  0 and iso-C 14  :  0 as the major fatty acids and MK-9(H 8 ), MK-9(H 6 ) and MK-9(H 4 ) as the major menaquinones. The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannoside. The strain was closely related to Streptomyces griseoluteus JCM 4041 T (98.4 %), Streptomyces seoulensis JCM 10116 T (98.4 %) and Streptomyces recifensis JCM 4408 T (98.2 %). The draft genome of Bv016 T was 6.74 Mb with 5949 coding sequences with an average G+C content of 71.7 mol%. The ANIb and ANIm values of strain Bv016 T were 94.1 and 95.2 %, respectively, and the digital DNA-DNA hybridization value was 60.6 % in comparison with the draft genome of S. griseoluteus JCM 4765 T . The results of the taxonomic analysis suggested that strain Bv016 T represented a novel species of the genus Streptomyces for which the name Streptomyces bauhiniae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is Bv016 T (=JCM 33208 T =TISTR 2645 T ).

An endophytic actinomycete strain SKH1-2 isolated from Musa (ABB) cv. 'Kluai Sao Kratuep Ho' collected in Suphan Buri province (14° 54' 22.5″ N/100° 04' 50″ E), Thailand, was identified as Streptomyces pseudovenezuelae based on phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, and 16S rRNA sequence analyses. A chemical investigation led to the isolation of two polyketide molecules from the n-butanol crude extract of the strain SKH1-2 culture broth. The compounds were purified using various chromatographic techniques and identified using spectroscopic methods compared with earlier published data. Compound 1, chartreusin, is known as an anti-Gram (+) bacterial compound and was active against Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, Kocuria rhizophila ATCC 9341 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538p with MIC values of 3.1, 1.6 and 12.5 μg/mL, respectively. Compound 2, lumichrome, did not show activity against all tested microbes. To our knowledge, this is the first report of chartreusin and lumichrome isolated from S. pseudovenezuelae. Taken together, it could be proved that Thai plant species are valuable reservoirs of interesting endophytic actinomycetes producing several interesting biologically active compounds.

A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, spore-forming, moderately halophilic bacterium, SSKP1-9 T , was isolated from traditional salted shrimp paste ( Ka-pi ) produced in Samut Sakhon Province, Thailand. This strain grew optimally at 37-40 °C, pH 7.0 and in the presence of 8-16 % (w/v) NaCl. The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values between strain SSKP1-9 T and Lentibacillus juripiscarius TISTR 1535 T and Lentibacillus halophilus TISTR 1549 T were 98.7 and 97.2 %, respectively. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, strain SSKP1-9 T represents a distinct novel species, as shown by phenotypic traits, DNA-DNA hybridization and average nucleotide identity values. In addition, the whole-cell protein profile confirmed the novelty of the taxon. The genomic DNA G + C content was 44.6 mol%. The major isoprenoid quinone was MK-7. The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso -diaminopimelic acid. Polar lipid analysis revealed the presence of phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, four unidentified lipids, an unidentified phospholipid and an unidentified glycolipid. The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C 15 : 0 , anteiso-C 17 : 0 and iso-C 16 : 0 . The results of phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics and whole-genome analysis support that strain SSKP1-9 T represents a novel species of Lentibacillus , for which the name Lentibacilluslipolyticus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is SSKP1-9 T (=JCM 32625 T =TISTR 2597 T ).

Two novel actinobacterial strains, MS1-9 T and NGC1-4, were isolated from roots of Musa (ABB) cv. 'Kluai Namwa', collected from Chachoengsao province, and Musa (ABB) cv. 'Kluai Chang', from Suphan Buri province, Thailand, respectively. Comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene (98.0 to 98.9% similarity), gyrase subunit B (gyrB) gene and whole-genome sequences emphasised that the strains MS1-9 T and NGC1-4 showed closely related with Micromonospora peucetia DSM 43363 T , M. krabiensis JCM 12869 T and M. avicenniae DSM 45758 T , respectively. Strains MS1-9 T and NGC1-4 contained meso-diaminopimelic acid in cell-wall peptidoglycan. Whole-cell sugars were glucose, xylose, mannose, and ribose. The acyl type of peptidoglycan was glycolyl. MK-10(H 6 ), MK-9(H 6 ), and MK-10(H 8 ) were presented as the major menaquinones. Diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, and phosphatidylinositol were detected as predominant phospholipid profiles. The major cellular fatty acids consisted of iso-C 15:0 , anteiso-C 15:0 , anteiso-C 17:0 , iso-C 17:0 and C 17:0 . The DNA G+C content of strains MS1-9 T and NGC1-4 were 72.2 and 72.3mol%, respectively. Draft genome sequences indicated by ANI values and digital DNA-DNA hybridisation analysis asserted that the strains MS1-9 T and NGC1-4 should be represented as a novel species within the genus Micromonospora for which the name Micromonospora musae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is MS1-9 T (=JCM 32149 T =TISTR 2659 T )., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.)

A novel endophytic actinomycete strain AZ1-13 T was isolated from roots of Azadirachta indica , and its taxonomic position was investigated using a polyphasic approach. Pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of strain AZ1-13 T and its closest species, Jishegella zingiberis PLAI1-1 T and Micromonospora endophytica 202201 T , were 99.7 and 99.2 %, respectively. Phylogenetic analyses of the family Micromonosporaceae based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated strains AZ1-13 T and J. zingiberis PLAI1-1 T are located within the genus Micromonospora . The approximate genome size of the strain was 5.96 Mb with 71.9 mol% of G+C content. The strain AZ1-13 T exhibited ANIb values of 87.4 % with J. zingiberis PLAI1-1 T and 85.1 % with M. endophytica 202201 T . Chemotaxonomic characteristics of strain AZ1-13 T were consistent within the genus Micromonospora : cell-wall peptidoglycan of the strain contained meso -diaminopimelic acid; glucose, mannose, ribose and xylose are presented as the whole-cell sugars; the predominant menaquinones were MK-9(H 4 ) and MK-9(H 6 ); major cellular fatty acids were iso -C 15 : 0 , 10-methyl C 17 : 0 , C 17 : 0 , anteiso -C 17 : 0 and iso -C 17 : 1 ω8 c ; diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylinositol were detected as distinguished phospholipids. Based on phenotypic properties, phylogeny and genomic data, the strain AZ1-13 T could be distinguished from its closest neighbours, representing a novel species of the genus Micromonospora , for which the name Micromonospora radicis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is AZ1-13 T (=KCTC 39786 T =NBRC 112324 T =JCM 32147 T = TISTR 2404 T ). This study also proposed that J. zingiberis is transferred to the genus Micromonospora as Micromonospora zingiberis comb. nov. (type strain PLAI1-1 T =TBRC 7644 T =NBRC 113144 T =JCM 32592 T ).

A Gram-stain positive actinomycete, strain AZ1-19 T , isolated from roots of Azadirachta indica A. Juss. var. siamensis Valeton, collected from Chachoengsao province, Thailand, was characterised taxonomically by using a polyphasic approach. Strain AZ1-19 T was found to have characteristics consistent with those of members of the genus Micromonospora. The cell wall peptidoglycan of the strain was found to contain meso-diaminopimelic acid. The predominant phospholipids were identified as diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylinositol. The characteristic whole-cell sugars were identified as glucose, xylose, galactose and mannose. The major menaquinones were found to be MK-9(H 6 ), MK-10(H 6 ) and MK-10(H 8 ), and the major cellular fatty acids were identified as iso-C 16:0 , iso-C 15:0 , anteiso-C 15:0 and anteiso-C 17:0 . Comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain AZ1-19 T is closely related to Micromonospora costi CS1-12 T (98.75% similarity), Micromonospora avicenniae 268506 T (98.75%), Micromonospora haikouensis 232617 T (98.68%) and Micromonospora siamensis TT2-4 T (98.61%), whilst the corresponding phylogenetic analysis based on partial gyrase subunit B (gyrB) gene sequences indicated that strain AZ1-19 T forms a clade with M. avicenniae 268506 T with a high bootstrap value. The DNA G + C content was determined to be 69.8 mol%. Moreover, a combination of DNA-DNA relatedness values and some phenotypic and chemotaxonomic properties indicated that the strain could be distinguished from closely related species. Therefore, it is considered that strain AZ1-19 T represents a novel Micromonospora species for which the name Micromonospora azadirachtae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is AZ1-19 T (= KCTC 39941 T  = NBRC 112784 T  = JCM 32148 T  = TISTR 2559 T ).

Lumichrome, a major derivative of riboflavin, may exhibit pharmacological activity against cancer cells. Riboflavin is a vitamin found in food, however, certain evidence has suggested its possible potentiating effects on cancer progression. Here, we have shown for the first time that unlike riboflavin, lumichrome can suppress lung cancer cell growth and reduce survival in both normal and anchorage-independent conditions. In addition, lumichrome induced apoptosis in lung cancer cells via a p53-dependent mitochondrial mechanism with substantial selectivity, shown by its lesser toxicity to the normal primary dermal papilla cells. The potency of lumichrome in killing lung cancer cells was found to be comparable to that of cisplatin, a standard chemotherapeutic drug for lung cancer treatment. With regard to the mechanism, lumichrome significantly upregulated p53 and decreased its downstream target BCL-2. Such a shift of BCL-2 family protein balance further activated caspase-9 and -3 and finally executed apoptosis. Furthermore, lumichrome potentially suppressed cancer stem cells (CSCs) in lung cancer by dramatically suppressing CSC markers together with the CSC-maintaining cell signaling namely protein kinase B (AKT) and β-catenin. To conclude, the present study has unraveled a novel role and mechanism of lumichrome against lung cancer that may benefit the development of the compound for management of the disease.

A novel endophytic actinomycete, strain WPS1-2 T , isolated from a root of Globba winitii C. H. Wright, was characterized taxonomically by using a polyphasic approach. Strain WPS1-2 T exhibited identical characteristics to the members of the genus Micromonospora. Single spores were observed directly on substrate mycelia. The cell-wall peptidoglycan of the strain contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and 3-OH-meso-diaminopimelic acid. Whole-cell hydrolysates contained glucose, ribose, arabinose and xylose. The predominant menaquinones were MK-10(H8) and MK-10(H10). The major cellular fatty acids consisted of iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0. According to the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the strain, WPS1-2 T showed highest similarity to Micromonospora costi CS1-12 T (99.02 %). Phylogenetic analysis of the gyrase subunit B (gyrB) gene indicated that the strain was related to M. costi CS1-12 T . The DNA G+C content was 73.7 mol%. The strain could be distinguished from closely related type strains by using a combination of morphological, chemotaxonomic, physiological and biochemical data together with DNA-DNA relatedness values. Based on these observations, strain WPS1-2 T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Micromonospora, for which the name Micromonospora globbae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is WPS1-2 T (=KCTC 39787 T =NBRC 112325 T =TISTR 2405 T ).

Two Gram-staining-negative, strictly aerobic, rod-shaped bacteria, designated strains AVA-1T and AVA-2, were isolated from the root of Aloe vera (L.) Brum.f. derived from Chachoengsao Province, Thailand. The strains contained cytochrome oxidase and catalase activities. They grew in 4 % (w/v) NaCl, at a pH range of 6.0-9.0 (optimally at pH 7) and at 20-42 °C (optimally at 30-37 °C). The major isoprenoid quinone was ubiquinone with eight isoprene units (Q-8). The major fatty acids were C16 : 0 and C17 : 0 cyclo. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the strains represent a species belonging to the genus Achromobacter and are closely related to Achromobacter xylosoxidans NBRC 15126T (98.80 %), Achromobacter insolitus LMG 6003T (98.64 %), Achromobacter aminicus LMG 26690T (98.59 %), Achromobacter pulmonis LMG 26696T (98.58 %) and Achromobacter insuavis LMG 26845T (98.58 %). The DNA G+C content of strain AVA-1T was 66.5 mol%. The novel strains had low DNA-DNA relatedness values with related type strains. On the basis of the phenotypic and genotypic data obtained, the strains clearly represent a novel species, for which the name Achromobacter aloeverae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is strain AVA-1T (=LMG 29108T=NBRC 111463T=PCU 352T=TISTR 2383T).