Search

Food safety in Malaysia is not considered an issue yet. From the previous year (2005- 2015) records, the incidence rate of food poisoning had been fluctuating and despite that, cases continue to occur especially among school students. As a developing nation, it is high-time that Malaysia begins to emphasize on food safety to reduce the burden of foodborne illness in the socio-economic development of the country, and at the same time, gain benefits in terms of economic returns and trade through food safety enforcement. Most importantly, public health is achieved through food safety implementation and accentuation. The current standing point of the Malaysia’s food safety is discussed in this review. In addition, the review will also discuss the role of academicians as intervention contributions in tackling food safety issues. The review is hoped to provide valuable and concentrated information and knowledge to readers in the light to drive Malaysia into ensuring safer food for the public.

To date, cholera has cycle the world seven times through the seven pandemic cycles that has affected tens of millions of people. The objective of this study was to determine the presence and density as well as the antibiotic resistance profile of Vibrio cholerae isolated from catfish (Pangasius hypohthalamus). From the combination of the Most Probable Number-Polymerase Chain Reaction-plating on TCBS agar methods, V. cholerae was detected in 32 samples and V. cholerae O139 was detected in 7 samples, with a density ranging between

Irrespective of its health effects, street foods are very popular with the consumers. The main purpose of this research was to study the biosafety of Escherichia coli in popiah, a Malaysian street food sold at a roadside food stall and a restaurant in Sri Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia, using the combination of the most probable number (MPN)-Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) assay-plating on Eosin Methylene Blue (EMB) agar methods. Using these biomolecular methods, E. coli was detected in 12/15 (80%) and 11/15 (73%) of the collected samples from the roadside food stall and the restaurant respectively. The incidence of stx virulence-associated genes was detected in 1/15 (7%) among the E. coli isolated from samples taken from the roadside food stall while the E. coli isolated from the restaurant was 3/15 (20%). The density of E. coli ranged from 1100 MPN/g and the density of E. coli positive with stx genes was

A modified method is proposed for measuring the lifetime of the excess electron-hole pairs generated by laser beam.

The dark current behavior of InAs p-n and p-i-n diodes are studied and compared at the temperature range 30 to 300 degrees K. Experimental results concur with a tunnel diode model in which the p-n and p-i-n diodes are represented, respectively, with a linear electrical field and a constant electrical field. The diffusion current in the diodes is dominated by the electron diffusion in the p-type material. Findings indicate that the tunneling current can be suppressed with an intrinsic layer and a low n-type doping density while the diffusion current can be decreased with a high p-type doping density.

Selective enhancement and suppression of the photoluminescence arising from [Si.sub.0.5][Ge.sub.0.5]/Si multiple quantum wells by photonic crystals (PCs) are shown. The studies have shown that the self-assembled PCs have selectively enhanced the luminescence of the type-II transitions at the interface between Si and [Si.sub.0.5][Ge.sub.0.5]/Si layers and have suppressed the emission from Si.

The germanium (Ge) nanocrystals (NCs) are prepared by using the rapid-thermal annealing and are embedded into a three-layer (Si[O.sub.2]/NCs-Ge/Si[O.sub.2]) capacitor structure. The characteristic time constant has become smaller, which is attributed to the reduction of trap density and has agreed that the interface traps are dominant and has a small characteristic time constant.

The structure and performances of an infrared photodetector that contains a superlattice structure and a blocking barrier are investigated. The temperature sensing by using the photocurrent ratio is given and the results show that the superlattice structure is efficient and is a flexible structure in the design of infrared photodetectors.

We present a high-sensitivity microwave vector detection system for studying the low-dimensional electron system embedded in the gaps of a coplanar waveguide at low temperatures. Using this system, we have achieved 0.005% and 0.001° resolutions in amplitude and phase variations, respectively, at 10 GHz in a magnetotransport measurement on a quantum-wire array with an average signal power less than -75 dBm into the sample at 0.3 K. From the measured phase variation, we can distinguish a very tiny change in the induced dipole moment of each quantum wire. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) Ge-Si quantum-dot infrared photodetectors (QDIPs) are successfully demonstrated. Using oxynitride as gate dielectric instead of oxide, the operating temperature reaches 140 and 200 K for 3-10 and 2-3 µm detection, respectively. From the photoluminescence spectrum, the quantum-dot structures are responsible for the 2-3 µm response with high operation temperature, and the wetting layer structures may be responsible for the 3-10 µm response. This novel MIS Ge/Si QDIP can increase the functionality of Si chip such as noncontact temperature sensing and is compatible with ultra-large scale integration technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Examines the noise properties of hot electrons in different infrared hot-electron transistors. Impact of electron energy filters on noise generation-recombination; Dependence of noise reduction on filter band structure; Measurement of activation energies to determine the range of accepted electrons.

Measures the hot-electron distribution in gallium arsenide (GaAs)/AlGaAs multiple quantum well infrared photodetectors at different temperatures (T). Dependence of electron distribution width on T; Observation of dark current characteristics at different T; Domination of thermally-assisted tunneling current at 70 Kelvin.

Investigates the superlattice band structure by tunneling hot-electron injection. Effect of magnetic field on the injection energy of the hot electrons; Suitability of the Gaussian hot-electron distribution for the infrared detector samples; Significance of the inhomogeneous broadening on the devices.

Presents the current transfer ratio of an infrared hot-electron transistor with a superlattice collector filter. Demonstration that the superlattice is able to collect electrons with specific energy against a broad background.