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G-quadruplexes (G4s) are non-canonical DNA structures that could be considered as potential therapeutic targets for antimicrobial compounds, also known as G4-stabilizing ligands. While some of these ligands are shown

In recent years, one of the most acute and unsolved problems facing our country is the problem of taxation. An effective economy is inconceivable without the creation of an effective institution of taxation, which is the main conductor of state interests, and is a natural result of the tax policy pursued by the state. Effective taxation can be ensured by solving a number of problems and ensuring a harmonious combination of the selected tax mechanism with the goals and objectives set by the state in managing the country's economy. The relevance of this topic is due to the fact that today one of the most acute problems of our economy is the lack of financial resources, and taxes are one of the most important sources of replenishment of the state budget and affect the development of market relations. In turn, the budget depends on how successfully the society will develop in the country. This monograph is a collective work of teachers and students of the Department of Economic Security, Accounting and Law of the Don State Technical University. It is devoted to the consideration of certain problems in the field of taxes and taxation

The current stage of development of the world economy is characterized by such trends as the rapid development of scientific and technological progress, post-industrialization, globalization, transnationalization, regionalization and the development of integration processes in the world economy. The process of globalization has led not only to the unification of the economic space, when uniform standards for financial reporting, the activities of financial organizations, tax policy, but also technology, ecology, law, employment policy, education and culture appeared. In addition to the positive trends caused by these objective processes, certain problems have arisen. This monograph is a collective work of teachers and students of the Department of Economic Security, Accounting and Law of the Don State Technical University. It is devoted to the consideration of certain world and Russian trends and problems in the field of economics.

The modern economy is characterized by a high level of dynamism of the factors of the external and internal environment of enterprises, influencing the possibility of their stable development. With the transition of the Russian economy to market methods of doing business, in which enterprise management must take into account various scenarios, risk becomes an integral element of socio-economic relations. Risk is present in all spheres of life, regardless of whether its presence is taken into account in the situation of choosing an alternative method of managing a business entity or not. The presence of risk is a significant factor in the development of business and the economy as a whole. To minimize and neutralize risks, the enterprise must constantly ensure its safety. In modern conditions, due to the pandemic and economic downturn, enterprises are forced to revise their methods of safety management and risk neutralization. This monograph, dedicated to modern problems of business security management, is the result of the joint work of teachers and students of the Department of Economic Security, Accounting and Law of the Don State Technical University.

The digital economy in the modern world is one of the vulnerabilities of an organization. The introduction and development of new technologies leads to the fact that there is an urgent need to change the structure of production, markets, as well as the socio-economic structure. This process is called digital transformation. For any organization, in order to successfully and progressively operate, it is necessary to increase the turnover and simplify the work being done.

Anti-PD-1 immunotherapy has a large impact on cancer treatment but the rate of positive treatment outcomes is 40-45% and depends on many factors. One of the factors affecting the outcome of immunotherapy is the gut microbiota composition. This effect has been demonstrated both in model objects and in clinical patients groups. However, in order to identify clear causal relationships between microbiota and anti-PD1 immunotherapy response, it is necessary to expand the number of patients and experimental samples. This work presents an analysis of metagenomic data obtained using whole-genome sequencing of stool samples from melanoma patients (n=45) with different responses to anti-PD1 therapy. The analysis of the differential representation of microbial species has shown a difference in the composition of the microbiota between the experimental groups. Results of this study indicate existence of a strong link between the composition of the gut microbiota and the outcome of anti-PD1 therapy. Expansion of similar research may help develop additional predictive tools for the outcome of anti-PD1 cancer immunotherapy, as well as increase its effectiveness.Anti-PD1 immunoterapiia, napravlennaia na belok 1 programmiruemoĭ kletochnoĭ smerti (programmed cell death protein 1, PD1), okazala bol'shoe vliianie na lechenie raka, odnako protsent pozitivnykh iskhodov terapii sostavliaet 40-45% i zavisit ot mnozhestva faktorov. Odnim iz faktorov, vliiaiushchikh na iskhod immunoterapii, iavliaetsia sostav mikrobioty kishechnika. Dannyĭ éffekt byl prodemonstrirovan kak na model'nykh ob"ektakh, tak i na klinicheskikh gruppakh patsientov. Odnako dlia vyiavleniia chetkikh prichinno-sledstvennykh sviazeĭ mezhdu mikrobiotoĭ i otvetom na anti-PD1 immunoterapiiu neobkhodimo rasshiriat' kolichestvo vyborok i patsientov. V dannoĭ rabote predstavlen analiz metagenomnykh dannykh, poluchennykh v rezul'tate polnogenomnogo sekvenirovaniia obraztsov kala ot patsientov s melanomoĭ (n=45), kotorye davali razlichnyĭ otvet na anti-PD1 terapiiu. Analiz éksperimental'nykh dannykh prodemonstriroval razlichie v sostave mikrobioty mezhdu éksperimental'nymi gruppami. Poluchennye rezul'taty svidetel'stvuiut o nalichii sviazi mezhdu sostavom mikrobioty kishechnika i iskhodom anti-PD1 terapii. Rasshirenie issledovaniĭ v dannom napravlenii mozhet pomoch' razrabotat' dopolnitel'nye instrumenty predskazaniia iskhoda anti-PD1 immunoterapii raka, a takzhe povysit' ee éffektivnost'.

Tuberculosis, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex bacteria, remains one of the most pressing health problems. Despite the general trend towards reduction of the disease incidence rate, the situation remains extremely tense due to the distribution of the resistant forms. Most often, these strains emerge through the intra-host microevolution of the pathogen during treatment failure. In the present study, the focus was on three serial clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Beijing B0/W148 cluster from one patient with pulmonary tuberculosis, to evaluate their changes in metabolism during anti-tuberculosis therapy. Using whole genome sequencing (WGS), 9 polymorphisms were determined, which occurred in a stepwise or transient manner during treatment and were linked to the resistance (GyrA D94A; inhA t-8a) or virulence. The effect of the inhA t-8a mutation was confirmed on both proteomic and transcriptomic levels. Additionally, the amount of RpsL protein, which is a target of anti-tuberculosis drugs, was reduced. At the systemic level, profound changes in metabolism, linked to the evolution of the pathogen in the host and the effects of therapy, were documented. An overabundance of the FAS-II system proteins (HtdX, HtdY) and expression changes in the virulence factors have been observed at the RNA and protein levels.

The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is a big challenge for humanity. The COVID-19 severity differs significantly from patient to patient, and it is important to study the factors protecting from severe forms of the disease. Respiratory microbiota may influence the patient's susceptibility to infection and disease severity due to its ability to modulate the immune system response of the host organism. This data article describes the microbiome dataset from the upper respiratory tract of SARS-CoV-2 positive patients from Russia. This dataset reports the microbial community profile of 335 human nasopharyngeal swabs collected between 2020-05 and 2021-03 during the first and the second epidemic waves. Samples were collected from both inpatients and outpatients in 4 cities of the Russian Federation (Moscow, Kazan, Irkutsk, Nizhny Novgorod) and sequenced using the 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing of V3-V4 region. Data contains information about the patient such as age, sex, hospitalization status, percent of damaged lung tissue, oxygen saturation (SpO2), respiratory rate, need for supplemental oxygen, chest computer tomography severity score, SARS-CoV-2 lineage, and also information about smoking and comorbidities. The amplicon sequencing data were deposited at NCBI SRA as BioProject PRJNA751478.

G-quadruplex (G4) sites in the human genome frequently colocalize with CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF)-bound sites in CpG islands (CGIs). We aimed to clarify the role of G4s in CTCF positioning. Molecular modeling data suggested direct interactions, so we performed in vitro binding assays with quadruplex-forming sequences from CGIs in the human genome. G4s bound CTCF with Kd values similar to that of the control duplex, while respective i-motifs exhibited no affinity for CTCF. Using ChIP-qPCR assays, we showed that G4-stabilizing ligands enhance CTCF occupancy at a G4-prone site in STAT3 gene. In view of the reportedly increased CTCF affinity for hypomethylated DNA, we next questioned whether G4s also facilitate CTCF recruitment to CGIs via protecting CpG sites from methylation. Bioinformatics analysis of previously published data argued against such a possibility. Finally, we questioned whether G4s facilitate CTCF recruitment by affecting chromatin structure. We showed that three architectural chromatin proteins of the high mobility group colocalize with G4s in the genome and recognize parallel-stranded or mixed-topology G4s in vitro. One of such proteins, HMGN3, contributes to the association between G4s and CTCF according to our bioinformatics analysis. These findings support both direct and indirect roles of G4s in CTCF recruitment.

The Twort-like myoviruses (Kayvirus genus) of S. aureus are promising agents for bacteriophage therapy due to a broad host range and high killing activity against clinical isolates. This work improves the current understanding of the phage infection physiology by transcriptome analysis. The expression profiles of a typical member of the Kayvirus genus (vB_SauM-515A1) were obtained at three time-points post-infection using RNA sequencing. A total of 35 transcription units comprising 238 ORFs were established. The sequences for 58 early and 12 late promoters were identified in the phage genome. The early promoters represent the strong sigma-70 promoters consensus sequence and control the host-dependent expression of 26 transcription units (81% of genes). The late promoters exclusively controlled the expression of four transcription units, while the transcription of the other five units was directed by both types of promoters. The characteristic features of late promoters were long -10 box of TGTTATATTA consensus sequence and the absence of -35 boxes. The data obtained are also of general interest, demonstrating a strategy of the phage genome expression with a broad overlap of the early and late transcription phases without any middle transcription, which is unusual for the large phage genomes (&gt, 100 kbp).