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In this work, the coefficient of fluid-wall mass transfer in an inverse fluidized bed was determined using the adsorption method. The experiments were carried out in a column with a diameter of 45 mm with spherical and non-spherical particles of polypropylene and polyethylene with a diameter of 3.3-4.9 mm and a density of about 930 kg m-3. A diluted solution of methylene blue was used as a fluidization medium, which was adsorbed on part of the surface of the column on silica gel. The obtained results showed that the presence of particles during inverse fluidization does not contribute significantly to mass transfer compared to the influence of particles on transfer in conventional fluidized beds. Therefore, the pseudofluid concept was introduced into the analysis and an empirical correlation was performed to determine the mass transfer coefficient. The obtained results were compared with literature correlations for inverse and conventional fluidized beds.

Technetium-99 (99Tc), as one of the important high-yield fission products, is a significant threat to the environment and human health. It is produced in large amounts by nuclear fission of 235U or 239Pu in nuclear reactions, though the quantity of Tc produced by the spontaneous fission of 238U or by decay of 99Mo in the nature which is very small. 99Tc in the environment originates from nuclear weapons tests, discharges from nuclear power plants, nuclear medicine and radiobiology. These activities generate large volumes of low and intermediate radioactive waste which can cause a significant impact on the environment if disposed without suitable treatment. Immobilization of 99Tc into a relatively small volume waste is vital for long term permanent disposal. High mobility and long half-life of 99Tc considered to be one of the most important radionuclides in safety assessment of environmental radioactivity as well as nuclear waste management. Effective removal of radioactive technetium (99Tc) from contaminated water is of enormous importance from an environmental and public health perspective, yet many current methodologies are highly ineffective. This paper summarizes physico-chemical separation procedures emphasizing those that are the most used in practice. Classic sorbents such as activated carbons, ion exchange resins as well, as new materials, such as metal−organic frameworks and graphene based membranes are described in the paper.

Brassinosteroids (BRs) are a class of plant hormones that play important roles in regulating various physiological and developmental processes in plants. One of the most effective BRs involved in modulating crop growth is 24-epibrassinolide (24-EBL). The effects of different concentrations of 24-EBL on various biochemical and biophysical parameters critical to early growth stages and seedling development were investigated using two maize hybrids, ‘ZP 434’ (a new-generation hybrid) and ‘ZP 704’ (an older-generation hybrid). The evaluation of results is based on measurements of germination percentage, morphometric parameters, redox status, comparative analysis of thermodynamic parameters (such as Gibbs free energy, enthalpy, entropy), and the concentration of specific sugars in different parts of maize seedlings. The results indicate that the germination and initial growth of maize seedlings are influenced by the flow of crucial sugars from the remaining seed (as a source of nutrients) towards the plumule and radicle (as sink organs). Furthermore, alterations in Gibbs free energy play a significant role in these sugar transfers within the maize seedlings. The seed germination was most affected by the highest concentrations of 24-EBL, showing inhibitory effects, whereas lower and moderate concentrations of exogenously added 24-EBL exhibited a beneficial influence on the initial phases of seedling growth. The mentioned approach gives new insights into source–sink relationships and can be used as a quantitative measure of the germination energy, which until now has been a qualitative criterion in seed science.

Activated carbon is a highly porous and adsorptive material that is widely used for various applications such as wastewater treatment, air purification, and energy storage. Activated carbon can be produced from various raw materials, including biomass, which is a sustainable and renewable resource. The process of producing activated carbon from biomass involves two main steps: carbonization and activation. In the carbonization step, the biomass is heated in the absence of oxygen to convert it into carbon. The resulting carbonaceous material is then activated using a chemical or physical process to create a highly porous structure with a large surface area. One way to activate the carbonized biomass is to use bases as activators. Bases such as potassium hydroxide (KOH) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) have been used as activators due to their ability to promote the development of micropores and mesopores in the carbon structure. Activated carbon was characterized by various techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. These techniques provide information on the surface area, pore size distribution, functional groups, and crystal structure of activated carbon.

The main aim of this research is to show influence of different hydroxides, applied in carbon materials activation process on the electrochemical properties of activated carbon samples. The carbon material samples were prepared by hydrothermal treatment of sucrose and thermally activated using KOH, NaOH and LiOH by chemical activation method. The electrochemical properties of the obtained carbon material samples were examined by cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and correlated to their physicochemical properties. Investigated samples showed characteristic capacitor-like behavior. The best result of specific capacitance was obtained for the sample synthesized treated by KOH, while the increase in capacitance follows the arrangement of the growth of ionic radius of a metal from an alkali which is used for activation. Dependence on the type of hydroxide is due to differences in the radii of a metal. The alkalis with larger radii of metal produce wider pores and consequently the structure of a porous layer become more accessible and available to the charge transfer of capacitive response.

IQOS (I-Quit-Ordinary-Smoking) is a brand of heated tobacco. It is an alternative to traditional cigarettes, which involves heating tobacco rather than burning it. IQOS devices heat tobacco sticks, called HEETS or HeatSticks, to a temperature that is high enough to release nicotine and flavor, but not high enough to produce smoke. After consuming IQOS, we treated the remains of HEETS with pyrolysis at 800 degrees. In this way, we have protected the environment from pollution, and in addition, we have obtained carbon material, which further has various applications. The obtained final product was tested using different methods and based on the tested properties, it can be said that the material can potentially be used as an energy fuel, a supercapacitor, for the removal of organic compounds, a drug carrier, etc.

The examination of different raw materials as precursors for obtaining carbon materials is an important area of research due to the wide range of applications for carbon materials in various fields, including energy storage, catalysis, and electronic devices. Some of the commonly studied precursors for carbon materials include biomass, petroleum-based precursors, waste materials, natural materials. The selection of a precursor material depends on various factors, such as the intended application of the carbon material, the availability and cost of the precursor, and the properties of the resulting carbon material. Different precursors can result in carbon materials with varying structures, porosities, and surface chemistries, which can affect their properties and performance in different applications. In our work, we used cherry pits, sour cherry, vineyard peach pits, bean and pea husks. The properties of the initial precursors were tested and then they were treated physically and chemically at different temperatures and times. Correlation of the properties between the initial and final samples was made, as well as their potential application in relation to the obtained properties.

We studied the influence of Ag doping on the crystal structure and magnetic properties of CuO nanopowders. For the synthesis of nanoparticles of copper-silver oxides solid solutions with the composition Cu1-xAgxO (x=0.01–0.05), a self- propagating synthesis was applied at room temperature, during which a successful reaction between metal nitrate and sodium hydroxide occurred. Prepared powders were calcinated at 700 °C for 2 h. The diffraction pattern was recorded at room temperature and atmospheric pressure without of any re-heating of the sample. The Rietveld method for fitting refinement procedure was performed which showed the incorporation of Ag3+ ions in the CuO crystal lattice, where they substitute Cu2+ ions. SQUID magnetometer was used for investigation of magnetic behavior of synthesized materials in temperature interval 2–400 K. It is known that copper(II) oxide exhibits ferroelectricity driven by magnetic order at temperature as high as 230 K [1]. Multiferroic phase is present above the first order phase transition at TN1 = 213 K and exists up to the subsequent first order phase transition TN2 = 230 K [1,2]. It was shown that disorder in the form of impurities can stabilize the ferroelectric phase [2] this was our motivation to dope CuO with Ag in order to improve further its multiferroic properties. Compared with CuO, we observed small changes in magnetic properties in Cu1-xAgxO. The size and morphology of the particles were successfully determined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

Socijalni razvoj obuhvata sposobnosti i veštine opažanja i razumevanja drugih osoba, njihovog ponašanja, namera, osobina i unutrašnjeg stanja. Takođe, obuhvata različite načine reagovanja u socijalnim situacijama, kao i iniciranje i održavanje kontakata. Adekvatno razvijen socijalni razvoj kod deteta, predstavlja osnovu za čitavo funkcionisanje, kako u detinjstvu, tako i u adolescenciji i odraslom dobu. Socijalni razvoj predstavlja područje koje iziskuje mnogo rada i programa intervencija, kojima se razvoj podstiče, a eventualne nepravilnosti koriguju i svode na minimum. Kod dece sa intelektualnom ometenošću, javljaju se problemi socijalnog funkcionisanja. Pregledom literature evidentiraju se pozitivni efekti koje rana intervencija ostvaruje na socijalni razvoj, te je ovaj period ključan trenutak za početak adekvatnog tretmana. Pri sprovođenju rane intervencije, ali i samog vaspitno-obrazovnog rada, ističe se neophodnost sistemske podrške i korišćenje integrisanog pristupa koji podrazumeva participaciju roditelja, koja često izostaje. Ovaj rad ima za cilj da dâ pregled studija koje se odnose na sprovođenje programa rane intervencije u okviru socijalnog razvoja kod dece sa intelektualnom ometenošću, kao i da ukaže na uticaj integrisanog pristupa na realizaciju programa., Social development includes the abilities and skills of observing and understanding others, their behavior, intentions, traits and internal state. It also covers different ways of responding to social situations, as well as initiating and maintaining contacts. Adequate social development of a child is the basis for all functioning, in childhood, adolescence and adulthood. Social development is an area that requires a lot of work and intervention programs which encourage development, and correct and minimize any irregularities. Children with intellectual disabilities often have problems in social functioning. Literature review identifies the positive effects of developmental incentives that early intervention achieves, and that this period is the crucial time to begin adequate treatment. In conducting early intervention, and in the educational work itself, the need for systematic support and the use of an integrated approach, which often involves parental participation, are emphasized. This paper aims to give an overview of studies related to the implementation of early intervention programs for children with disabilities in the area of social development, as well as to indicate the impact of an integrated approach on their implementation.

Socijalni razvoj obuhvata sposobnosti i veštine opažanja i razumevanja drugih osoba, njihovog ponašanja, namera, osobina i unutrašnjeg stanja. Takođe, obuhvata različite načine reagovanja u socijalnim situacijama, kao i iniciranje i održavanje kontakata. Adekvatno razvijen socijalni razvoj kod deteta, predstavlja osnovu za čitavo funkcionisanje, kako u detinjstvu, tako i u adolescenciji i odraslom dobu. Socijalni razvoj predstavlja područje koje iziskuje mnogo rada i programa intervencija, kojima se razvoj podstiče, a eventualne nepravilnosti koriguju i svode na minimum. Kod dece sa intelektualnom ometenošću, javljaju se problemi socijalnog funkcionisanja. Pregledom literature evidentiraju se pozitivni efekti koje rana intervencija ostvaruje na socijalni razvoj, te je ovaj period ključan trenutak za početak adekvatnog tretmana. Pri sprovođenju rane intervencije, ali i samog vaspitno-obrazovnog rada, ističe se neophodnost sistemske podrške i korišćenje integrisanog pristupa koji podrazumeva participaciju roditelja, koja često izostaje. Ovaj rad ima za cilj da dâ pregled studija koje se odnose na sprovođenje programa rane intervencije u okviru socijalnog razvoja kod dece sa intelektualnom ometenošću, kao i da ukaže na uticaj integrisanog pristupa na realizaciju programa., Social development includes the abilities and skills of observing and understanding others, their behavior, intentions, traits and internal state. It also covers different ways of responding to social situations, as well as initiating and maintaining contacts. Adequate social development of a child is the basis for all functioning, in childhood, adolescence and adulthood. Social development is an area that requires a lot of work and intervention programs which encourage development, and correct and minimize any irregularities. Children with intellectual disabilities often have problems in social functioning. Literature review identifies the positive effects of developmental incentives that early intervention achieves, and that this period is the crucial time to begin adequate treatment. In conducting early intervention, and in the educational work itself, the need for systematic support and the use of an integrated approach, which often involves parental participation, are emphasized. This paper aims to give an overview of studies related to the implementation of early intervention programs for children with disabilities in the area of social development, as well as to indicate the impact of an integrated approach on their implementation.

The work presents findings from our and other researcher investigations, carried out on different cultivars using some non-standard fertilizers (preferentially based on plant phytohormones, amino acids ant plant and other extracts). The work demonstrates that these non-standard fertilizers is highly effective in biofortification (increasing the nutritional value of food of plant origin) in different crops. Also, natural origin of these non-standard fertilizers makes it suitable for use in organic agriculture. Furthermore, it also contributes to improving yield and different plant physiological and growth parameters. Additionally, that non-standard fertilizers induce excellent resistance crops to abiotic stresses connected with heavy metals and other toxic elements, which makes them suitable for the program of phytoremediation of polluted soil.

Cigarette butts (CBs) are the most common type of litter on earth, with an estimated 5.5 trillion discarded annually. Apart from being unsightly, CBs pose a serious threat to living organisms and ecosystem health when discarded in the environment because they are toxic to microbes, insects, fish and mammals. In spite of the CB toxic hazard, no studies have addressed the effects of environmental conditions on CB decomposition rate. Numerous proposals have been made to prevent or mitigate cigarette butt pollution, but none has been effective; unsurprisingly, several studies have reported that CBs are the most common item retrieved by clean-up activities in public areas such as beaches and parks. The aim of this study was to collect a certain quantity of CBs, to examine the raw CB, their composition and properties, and then translate them into carbon material as a source of carbon, and as such material also examine the properties and its potential application, and therefore contribute to the preservation of the environment. Physicochemical properties of raw and carbonized CBs were studied by using element analysis, XRD (x-ray diffraction), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Field emission scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis.

Rapid industrialization and increasing population have increased the water demand. Various wastes from industries and anthropogenic activities are discharged into aquatic bodies such as lakes, ponds, rivers, oceans. Therefore, focus is placed on the removal of the contamination from the wastewater. Organic pollutants gained extensive attention because of their toxicity, persistence and significant impacts on human health Among them, organic dyes are complex molecules and most of them are water-soluble, resistant to detergents and heat, exhibit poor biodegradability, etc. Azo dyes are used in about 70% of commercial dyes today, from textile and plastic to cosmetics and food. In this work, removal of azo-type dye Congo Red (CR) from water was performed by using UiO-66 type MOF (Metal Organic Framework), activated carbon (AC) and their composite powder mixture (MOF/AC = 50/50 wt.%). Samples were exposed to solar light irradiation for 1h and 2.5 h, respectively, centrifuged to remove solid particles, and solutions were analyzed by UV-ViS spectrophotometer in order to determine the concentration of the remaining dye. Process was repeated three times in order to explore the renewability of the photocatalysts used, with catalysts dried at 50 °C between cycles. Results revieled superior photocatalytic cycling performance of the MOF compared to the MOF/AC composite, while AC showed decline in dye removal performance due to the saturation of available adsorption sites. MOF/AC composite exhibited beneficial cost/performance ratio.

In presented work, influence of temperature, starting material concentration and different hydroxides on properties and morphology of activated carbon obtained from saccharose were investigated. The samples were prepared by hydrothermal treatment and activated using KOH, NaOH and LiOH. Two saccharose concentrations (0.5, 1.0 mol/dm3 ) and three different temperatures (160, 200, 240 °C) were changed in hydrothermal treatment. Activation processes were performed at 750 °C under inert atmosphere. Obtained samples were characterized by X–ray powder diffractometry, elemental analysis, N2 adsorption-desorption measurements, Fourier–transform infrared spectrometry, scanning electron microscopy and thermal analysis. The obtained samples were tested for potential application in dyes removal (Methylene Blue and Methyl Orange) from water solutions.

Iron(III) titanates are composed of earth-abundant elements and are attracting rapidly growing interest as highly promising candidates for solar-energy as well as optoelectronics applications. Fe2TiO5 is generally recognized as potential thermoelectric material. We studied the magnetic properties of pseudobrookite material Fe2TiO5 by means of Vibrating Sample Magnetometer and Superconducting Quantum Interferometer Device Magnetometer. The material was synthesized by the sol-gel method and characterized by powder x-ray diffraction. The diffractogram was refined with the help of Rietveld refinement on FullProf Suite. Temperature-dependent ZFC and FC magnetization was measured on SQUID for lower temperature down to 2 K and on VSM for higher temperatures up to 1000 K. A transition was observed at 815 K with a separation between the ZFC and FC curves. Parallelly the bifurcation in the isothermal hysteresis measurements indicates that the system exhibits dominant canted AFM (or weak FM) with a small amount of spin glass. The small value of the moment was also pointing towards the canted AFM ordering. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to determine the particle size and morphology

Activated carbons were successfully prepared using biowaste as a cheap and renewable raw material. Carbonization was performed on biomass first under nitrogen N2 atmosphere at 850ºC, and then were physical activated at different temperatures and different times of activation in atmosphere of carbon dioxide CO2. The influence of temperature and time of activation on physical, structural and morphological properties was studied by XRD, Raman spectroscopy, FTIR, BET, SEM analysis. The increase of temperature and activation time leads to the increase of specific surface area of carbon material. The charge storage ability was evaluated and systematically studied by means of Cyclic Voltammetry and Impedance method. The specific discharge capacitance of activate carbon materials in different pH–aqueous electrolytes (KOH, Na2SO4 and H2SO4), increases with the surface area, indicating that the double layer charging is controlled primarily by the development of surface porosity. The active carbon material with the most developed porosity maintained a high capacitance of 110.06 Fg-1 in KOH, 80.62 Fg-1 in Na2SO4 and 126.9 Fg-1 in H2SO4, at a very high scan rate of 300 mVs-1 . The micro/mesoporosity, depending on the type of aqueous electrolyte, was found to control not only the specific capacitance of materials, but also the hydrogen storage, C–H bonding and the relaxation time of adsorption.

Magnetoelectric multiferroics, showing simultaneous ferroelectric and ferromagnetic ordering, have aroused wide attention in recent years, because they offer a wide range of potential applications in data storage media, spintronics and multi-state memories. [1] The influence of Ho doping on the crystal structure of bismuth ferrite (BFO) nanopowders was investigated. Namely, BiFeO3 and Bi1- xHoxFeO3 ultrafine nanopowders were synthesized by the simple, low-cost and energy-saving hydrothermal method. The diffraction pattern was recorded at room temperature and atmospheric pressure in the absence of any re-heating of the sample. A fitting refinement procedure using the Rietveld method was performed which showed the incorporation of Ho3+ ions in the BiFeO3 crystal lattice, where they substitute Bi3+ ions. All the samples belong to R3c space group. In addition, theoretical investigation using bond valence calculations have been performed in order to mimic pure and Ho doped BiFeO3 compounds produced in the experiment. The optical properties of the material were examined by the spectroscopic ellipsometry method and the energy gap was found to be 2.71 eV. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to determine the particle size and morphology. Bi-based oxides will be electrochemically characterized in an aqueous electrolytes of sodium salts by means of Cyclic Voltammetry, to estimate their potential as sodium storage electrodes.

The aim of this research is to convert biowaste into carbon material and later into active carbon material. With that, we got two things in one go. We have received new material that is ready for various applications in various spheres of life and on the other hand we have removed waste and thus we have prevented additional pollution and preserved the environment. In our work, we used hydrothermal carbonization to obtain active carbon material from biowaste, exactly plane tree fruit. Various acids in different ratios were used as activators. The effects of the chemical agent on the structure of the obtained material were investigated. It was noticed that the process parameter pH value of the initial solution affects the structure, morphology and properties of the obtained final product, active carbon material. The values of specific surfaces of the treated sample increase by lowering the pH value. Characterization of the obtained activated carbon material was performed by nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Functional surface groups were determined by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR).

In presented work, influence of temperature, starting material concentration and different activation agents (hydroxides) on properties and morphology of activated carbon materials obtained from sucrose were investigated. [1] The samples were prepared by hydrothermal treatment and activated using KOH, NaOH and LiOH. Two saccharose concentrations (0.5, 1.0 mol/dm3) and three different temperatures (180, 220, 260 ºC) were changed in hydrothermal treatment. Activation processes were performed at 800 ºC under inert atmosphere. Obtained samples were characterized by X–ray powder diffractometry, elemental analysis, N2 adsorption-desorption measurements, Fourier–transform infrared spectrometry, scanning electron microscopy and thermal analysis. [2] The obtained samples were tested for potential application for cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and correlated to physicochemical properties.

The main goal of this research is to obtain carbon material (by pyrolysis of biomass in the presence of inert gas N2) and then physical activation with CO2 obtained active carbon material and finally chemical treatment (using TEOS - tetraethyl orthosilicate) enabled the creation of highly porous bio-SiO2 ceramics. The results of experiments of pyrolysis at several high operating temperatures, activation of carbon material and with multicycle action using TEOS clearly showed the possibility of obtaining SiO2 nanostructures, after carbothermal reduction to 600 °C. Increasing the activation temperature and the duration of the activation process initiates the development of SiO2 particles within the porous structure. The final SiO2 powder product was analyzed by several different test methods. Structure and morphology were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Surface chemistry and functional surface groups were determined by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The obtained results are guidelines for further study and understanding of the properties of SiO2 and for the possibility of its application

Description of the subject. Red clover is an important forage legume and a rich source of high quality forage for livestock feed. This study assesses of a diverse red clover collection for agronomic value, forage quality and antioxidant activity in relation to status (cultivar vs natural population) and ploidy level (diploid or tetraploid) for the purpose of diversity study and for identification of potential heterotic groups and classification of accessions according to the results of analyses. Objectives. The aims of this research were to: i) explore agronomic traits, forage quality, and antioxidant activity in relation to status and ploidy level; ii) assess trait associations and the possibility of indirect selection; iii) cluster red clover accessions with regard to forage quality and antioxidant activity. Method. Red clover was represented by 46 accessions, the cultivars and natural populations of diploid (2n) and tetraploid (4n) ploidy levels from 17 countries, which were collected and preserved in the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops in Novi Sad, Serbia. The following traits were determined from the two-year field trial at Rimski Šančevi, Serbia: plant height (PH), internodes number (IN), green mass yield (GMY), dry matter yield (DMY), crude protein (CP), acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), digestible dry matter (DDM), dry matter intake (DMI), relative feed value (RFV) and antioxidant activity. All accessions were characterized in the second cut of the second year of life when 20-25% of flowers appeared. Results. The cultivars had higher values for PH, IN, GMY, DMY, DDM, DMI, and RFV. The tetraploid accessions had higher values for IN, GMY, DMY, CP, NDF and DDM. The natural populations and diploid accessions had 39.9% and 21.9% smaller antioxidant capacity, respectively. The antioxidant capacity was positively associated with RFV, DDM, DMI, PH, IN, GMY and DMY, but negatively with ADF and NDF. Conclusions. The grouping of red clov, Description du sujet. Le trèfle violet est une légumineuse fourragère importante et une riche source de fourrage de haute qualité pour l’alimentation du bétail. Cette étude évalue une collection diversifiée de trèfle violet pour la valeur agronomique, la qualité du fourrage et l’activité antioxydante en relation avec le statut (cultivar vs population naturelle) et le niveau de ploïdie (diploïde ou tétraploïde) aux fins d’étude de diversité et d’identification de groupes hétérotiques potentiels et de classification des accessions en fonction des résultats des analyses. Objectifs. Les buts de cette recherche étaient : i) d’explorer les caractéristiques agronomiques, la qualité du fourrage et l’activité antioxydante en relation avec le statut et le niveau de ploïdie ; ii) d’évaluer les associations de caractéristiques et la possibilité de sélection indirecte ; iii) de regrouper les accessions de trèfle violet en ce qui concerne la qualité du fourrage et l’activité antioxydante. Méthode. Le trèfle violet était représenté par 46 accessions, les cultivars et populations naturelles de niveaux de ploïdie diploïde (2n) et tétraploïde (4n) originaires de 17 pays qui ont été collectés et conservés à l’Institut des grandes cultures et des cultures maraîchères de Novi Sad, Serbie. Les caractéristiques suivantes ont été définies sur la base d’un essai bisannuel sur un champ dans la localité de Rimski Sancevi en Serbie : hauteur de la plante (PH), nombre d’entre-noeuds (IN), rendement en masse verte (GMY), rendement en matière sèche (DMY), protéine brute (CP ), fibre détergente acide (ADF), fibre détergente neutre (NDF), matière sèche digestible (DDM), apport en matière sèche (DMI), valeur alimentaire relative (RFV) et activité antioxydante. Toutes les accessions ont été caractérisées à la deuxième coupe de la deuxième année de vie lorsque 20 à 25 % des fleurs sont apparues. Résultats. Les cultivars avaient des valeurs plus élevées pour PH, IN, GMY, DMY, DDM, DMI et RFV. Les acces

The influence of different hydroxides, applied to activate carbon black, on the electrochemical properties of activated carbon was investigated. The carbon material was prepared by hydrothermal treatment of sucrose and afterwards thermally activated using KOH, NaOH and LiOH. The electrochemical properties of the obtained samples were examined by cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and correlated to their physicochemical properties. All samples showed characteristic capacitor-like behaviour. The highest specific capacitance was obtained for the KOH-treated sample, while the increase in capacitance follows the sequence of the growth of ionic radius of a metal from an alkali which is used for activation. It was found that the dependence on the type of hydroxide is due to differences in the radii of a metal. The alkalies of larger radii of metal generated make pores wider and consequently the structure of a porous layer become more accessible to the charge transfer of capacitive response.

O važnosti i značaju rane intervencije kod dece predškolskog uzrasta govore činjenice da ona vrši podsticaj svih domena razvoja i na taj način obezbeđuje detetu priliku da razvije svoje potencijale do maksimuma. Pregledom literature uviđaju se pozitivni efekti rane intervencije na decu predškolskog uzrasta, a posebno se evidentiraju značajni napreci rane intervencije kod dece koja imaju teškoće u mentalnom razvoju (TuMR). Rani predškolski uzrast je vreme u kome se detektuje najveći broj poteškoća kod dece, te je ovaj period ključan trenutak za početak adekvatnog tretmana. Cilj ovog rada jeste da utvrdi u kojoj meri deca sa poremećajem iz spektra autizma (PSA) imaju potrebu za ranom intervencijom, u odnosu na prisutne probleme u ponašanju. Dok se postojanje kratkoročnih efekata uglavnom više ne dovodi u pitanje, dugoročna efikasnost ovih programa i dalje je predmet naučne rasprave i predstavlja oblast koju je potrebno dalje temeljno istraživati, uz sistematično kontrolisanje faktora koji bi mogli imati uticaj na kasnije ishode u domenu intelektualnog funkcionisanja. Rana intervencija predstavlja vrlo značajan segment rada za decu sa TuMR, ali i za njihove roditelje i celu porodicu. Ističe se neophodnost sistemske podrške, koja često izostaje. Rana intervencija ne podrazumeva samo rad sa detetom koje ima TuMR, nego obuhvata i pružanje informacija, savetodavni rad, kao i pružanje podrške roditeljima, kako bi na najbolji mogući način ukazali podršku detetu kako bi razvilo do maksimuma svoje potencijale. Uz pomoć roditelja, stručnjaci prepoznaju oblasti u kojima je detetu potrebna podrška, a potom pronalaze servise koji bi mogli pružiti detetu tip podrške koji bi u tom trenutku na najbolji način zadovoljio njegove potrebe. Jedno od osnovnih pitanja sa kojima se roditelji, ali i mnogi stručnjaci suočavaju, jeste izbor adekvatnog modela rane intervencije za dete sa autizmom. Gotovo je pravilo da su medijski najatraktivniji tzv. komplementarni tretmani čija efikasnost nije, The importance and importance of early intervention in preschool children is explained by the fact that it stimulates all domains of development and thus provides the child with an opportunity to develop its potential to the maximum. The literature review identifies the positive effects of early intervention on preschool children, and notably records significant advances in early intervention in children with mental disabilities. Early preschool age is the time when the greatest number of difficulties in children is detected, and this period is a crucial moment for the beginning of adequate treatment. The aim of this paper is to determine the extent to which children with autism spectrum disorder are in need of early intervention in relation to the behavioral problems present. Early intervention programs have a positive impact on the development of intellectual capacity in children with intellectual disabilities and children at risk for cognitive impairment. The effectiveness of these programs is reflected in improving the level of intellectual functioning and preventing or minimizing stagnation or decline in cognitive development. While the existence of short-term effects is largely out of the question, the long-term effectiveness of these programs is still a matter of scholarly debate and is an area that needs to be further thoroughly investigated, with systematic scrutiny of factors that may influence later outcomes in the intellectual functioning domain. early intervention is a very important segment of work for children with mental disabilities, but also for their parents and the whole family. With the help of parents, experts identify areas where the child needs support and then find services that can provide the child with the type of support that would best meet his or her needs at that point. One of the basic issues facing parents, as well as many professionals, is the choice of an appropriate early intervention model for a child with autism. It is almost a

Uzimajući u obzir klimatske promjene koje podrazumijevaju smanjenje količine padavina i porast temperatura, suša je postala globalni problem za koji se smatra da će biti aktuelan još dugo vremena u budućnosti. Osim problema koje stvara u brojnim životnim sferama, suša je jedan od najozbiljnijih faktora koji negativno utiče na poljoprivredu, s obzirom da nedovoljno vodosnabdijevanje negativno utiče na rast i razvoj biljaka. U uslovima suše povećana produkcija reaktivnih vrsta kiseonika može da izazove pomjeranje ravnoteže u ćelijskim oksidoredukcionim reakcijama u smjeru oksidacije te da dovede do nastanka oksidativnog stresa. Posljedice oksidativnog stresa su strukturna i funkcionalna oštećenja ćelijskih komponenti koja dovode do poremećaja u metabolizmu i funkcionisanju ćelije.Veoma važnu ulogu u toleranciji biljaka na stres izazvan sušom ima antioksidativni sistem zaštite koji neizbježno uključuje enzime superoksid dismutazu, katalazu, peroksidaze Klase III i askorbat peroksidazu, ali takođe i niskomolekularne antioksidante poput askorbata, glutationa, fenola i karotenoida. Posljednjih godina se naglo povećao interes za korištenje ekološki opravdanih i neinvazivnih sredstava kojima se unaprijeđuje problem vodosnabdijevanja biljaka, a velika pažnja je posvećena primjeni prirodnih aluminosilikata, od kojih je najpoznatiji zeolit. Iako nisu mnogobrojni, postoje radovi koji upućuju da ovaj prirodni mineral može značajno da doprinese poboljšanju vodnog režima biljaka zbog osobine vezivanja te uravnoteženog otpuštanja vode. U ovoj doktorskoj disertaciji predmet istraživanja je uključio dvije biljne vrste različite po tipu fotosintetičkog metabolizma i adaptivnim strategijama na prilagođavanje na sušu, a to su paradajz (Solanum lycopersicum L.) i kukuruz (Zea mays L.). Fokus istraživanja bio je ispitivanje mogućnosti primjene zeolita u svrhu sprječavanja ili ublažavanja posljedica stresa izazvanog sušom kod biljaka paradajza i kukuruza, ali i ispitivanje mogućeg različit, Taking into account climate change, which implies a precipitation decreasing and temperatures rising, drought has become a global problem that is considered to be relevant for a long time to come. In addition to the problems it creates in many spheres of life, drought is one of the most serious factors that negatively affects agriculture, given that insufficient water supply disrupts the growth and development of plants. The production of reactive oxygen species in drought conditions can cause an inbalance of cellular redox homeostasis in the direction of oxidation and lead to the formation of oxidative stress. The consequences of oxidative stress are structural and functional damages of cellular compartments which leads to disturbance of metabolism and cell function. A very important role in plant tolerance to drought stress has the antioxidant protection systems that inevitably include theenzymes superoxide dismutase, catalase, Class III peroxidases and ascorbate peroxidase, but also low molecular weight antioxidants such as ascorbate, glutathione phenol and carotenoids. In recent years, there has been a sharp increase in interest in the use of environmentally sound and non- invasive means to improve the water supply of plants, and much attention has been paid to the use of natural aluminosilicates, the most famous of which is zeolite. Although not numerous, there are studies that suggest that this natural mineral can significantly contribute to the improvement of the water regime of plants due to the binding properties and balanced release of water. In this PhD thesis, the subject of research included two plant species different in type of photosynthetic metabolism and adaptive drought adaptation strategies, namely tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L.) and maize (Zea mays L.). The focus of research was to examine the possibility of using zeolite to prevent or mitigate the effects of drought stress in tomato and maize plants, but also to examine the possible diff

Hazardous industrial wastes are the most common source of environmental pollution. Waters originating from unregulated landfills and places of inadequate disposal of this type of wastes can pollute the water sources and affect the human health. In this study, electroplating waste sludge (ES) and various Fe-rich wastes were used as starting materials for the synthesis of inorganic pigments. Obtained black Cr1.3Fe0.7O3 pigments possess adequate properties required for use as inorganic pigments.

Parents of children with neurodevelopmental disorders often lack support for raising their child. Problems that they face are numerous and include emotional, social, phycological and financial difficulties and limitations. The aim of the paper is focused on presenting available and relevant researches that consider various problems faced by parents of children with neurodevelopmental disorders (autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disability), as well as the types of support intended for them. Some types of support are: spousal support, support from relatives and friends, financial support, support from various services, social support, online social support and the like. In the paper, it is pointed out to specific problems that occur to parents of children with autism spectrum disorder and children with intellectual disabilities. Specificities for mentioned types of support for parents of these two groups were discussed.

Phytoestrogens are plant compounds that can exhibit estrogen-like activity. Isoflavones are one of the best studied groups of phytoestrogens known for their human health benefits. Red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) is one of the leading forage legumes in northern and south-eastern Europe, the United States and Canada. In recent years, the use of natural antioxidants found in red clover has attracted interest due to their presumed nutritional and therapeutic values (Vlaisavljevic et al., 2014; Vlaisavljevic et al., 2017). Studies of utilization of red clover by the pharmaceutical industry have pointed that dietary phytoestrogens play an important role in the prevention of menopausal symptoms (Lipovac et al., 2010), osteoporosis (Atkinson et al., 2004a), estrogen-related cancers like breast cancer, prostate cancer (Atkinson et al., 2004b; Velentzis et al., 2008) and heart disease (Cano et al., 2010; Dixon, 2004). The isoflavones content in red clover is controlled by genetic and environmental factors (Boot et al., 2006; Sivesind and Seguin, 2005; Tsao et al., 2006; Visnevschi-Necrasov et al., 2013).