Efekat zeolita na parametre antioksidativnog statusa kod paradajza (Solanum lycopersicum L.) i kukuruza (Zea mays L.) u uslovima suše

Uzimajući u obzir klimatske promjene koje podrazumijevaju smanjenje količine padavina i porast temperatura, suša je postala globalni problem za koji se smatra da će biti aktuelan još dugo vremena u budućnosti. Osim problema koje stvara u brojnim životnim sferama, suša je jedan od najozbiljnijih faktora koji negativno utiče na poljoprivredu, s obzirom da nedovoljno vodosnabdijevanje negativno utiče na rast i razvoj biljaka. U uslovima suše povećana produkcija reaktivnih vrsta kiseonika može da izazove pomjeranje ravnoteže u ćelijskim oksidoredukcionim reakcijama u smjeru oksidacije te da dovede do nastanka oksidativnog stresa. Posljedice oksidativnog stresa su strukturna i funkcionalna oštećenja ćelijskih komponenti koja dovode do poremećaja u metabolizmu i funkcionisanju ćelije.Veoma važnu ulogu u toleranciji biljaka na stres izazvan sušom ima antioksidativni sistem zaštite koji neizbježno uključuje enzime superoksid dismutazu, katalazu, peroksidaze Klase III i askorbat peroksidazu, ali takođe i niskomolekularne antioksidante poput askorbata, glutationa, fenola i karotenoida. Posljednjih godina se naglo povećao interes za korištenje ekološki opravdanih i neinvazivnih sredstava kojima se unaprijeđuje problem vodosnabdijevanja biljaka, a velika pažnja je posvećena primjeni prirodnih aluminosilikata, od kojih je najpoznatiji zeolit. Iako nisu mnogobrojni, postoje radovi koji upućuju da ovaj prirodni mineral može značajno da doprinese poboljšanju vodnog režima biljaka zbog osobine vezivanja te uravnoteženog otpuštanja vode. U ovoj doktorskoj disertaciji predmet istraživanja je uključio dvije biljne vrste različite po tipu fotosintetičkog metabolizma i adaptivnim strategijama na prilagođavanje na sušu, a to su paradajz (Solanum lycopersicum L.) i kukuruz (Zea mays L.). Fokus istraživanja bio je ispitivanje mogućnosti primjene zeolita u svrhu sprječavanja ili ublažavanja posljedica stresa izazvanog sušom kod biljaka paradajza i kukuruza, ali i ispitivanje mogućeg različit
Taking into account climate change, which implies a precipitation decreasing and temperatures rising, drought has become a global problem that is considered to be relevant for a long time to come. In addition to the problems it creates in many spheres of life, drought is one of the most serious factors that negatively affects agriculture, given that insufficient water supply disrupts the growth and development of plants. The production of reactive oxygen species in drought conditions can cause an inbalance of cellular redox homeostasis in the direction of oxidation and lead to the formation of oxidative stress. The consequences of oxidative stress are structural and functional damages of cellular compartments which leads to disturbance of metabolism and cell function. A very important role in plant tolerance to drought stress has the antioxidant protection systems that inevitably include theenzymes superoxide dismutase, catalase, Class III peroxidases and ascorbate peroxidase, but also low molecular weight antioxidants such as ascorbate, glutathione phenol and carotenoids. In recent years, there has been a sharp increase in interest in the use of environmentally sound and non- invasive means to improve the water supply of plants, and much attention has been paid to the use of natural aluminosilicates, the most famous of which is zeolite. Although not numerous, there are studies that suggest that this natural mineral can significantly contribute to the improvement of the water regime of plants due to the binding properties and balanced release of water. In this PhD thesis, the subject of research included two plant species different in type of photosynthetic metabolism and adaptive drought adaptation strategies, namely tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L.) and maize (Zea mays L.). The focus of research was to examine the possibility of using zeolite to prevent or mitigate the effects of drought stress in tomato and maize plants, but also to examine the possible diff