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This report details the successful prosthetic rehabilitation of a 25-year-old male patient with Papillon Lefèvre Syndrome (PLS) using an implant-supported hybrid prosthesis. Six implants were placed in the maxilla, and four were placed in the mandibular arch. All implants were inserted axially (non-tilted) and were planned to be loaded after a healing period of 6 months. One implant failed due to graft loss during the healing phase, which was removed and the remaining implants were restored with a hybrid prosthesis after 6 months, using the delayed loading protocol. The patient was followed-up for four years and all the remaining implants successfully integrated and remained fully functional during this period. The prosthesis significantly improved the functional, aesthetic, and psychological well-being of the patient. This case report is the first of its kind to use only four axially placed implants for rehabilitation of a PLS patient with a successful four-year follow-up.

The aim of this paper is to numerically investigate the influence of nanoparticles shape on heat and mass transport phenomena in a moving lid cavity under the combined effect of thermo-solutal buoyancy force and magnetic force. The governing equations are transformed into velocity-vorticity form of equations and solved using Galerkin's weighted residual finite-element-technique. The analysis has been carried out with parameters like buoyancy ratio (−5 ≤ N ≤ 5), magnetic field inclination angle (0° ≤ ϕ ≤ 90°) with four shapes of Al2O3 nanoparticle like bricks, blades, platelets and cylinders. The results revealed that the shape factor on Nusselt number is significant depending upon the inclined magnetic field and buoyancy ratio whereas on mass transfer the shape effect is negligible. The diffusion mode of transport process is stronger than the convection mode at higher inclination angle of magnetic field. Based on a given value of N and ϕ, blade and cylinder shows the best performance in Nusselt and Sherwood number respectively except the platelet shape that shows maximum frictional loss in terms of wall shear stress.

Purpose: There has been less focus on methods to improve the clinical performance of partial veneer crowns. In this study, we wanted to explore the potential of two new surface treatment modalities (laser etching and spark erosion) for improving the longevity of partial veneer crowns. Material and Methods: Conventional partial veneer crown preparation was done on 90 extracted premolars by a single operator. All the samples used in the study were divided into three groups. Group A were samples to be treated by sandblasting alone, Group B were samples to be treated by sandblasting followed by laser etching, and Group C were samples to be treated by sandblasting followed by spark erosion. Each group consisted of two Sub Groups: Sub Group I-Retention test group, Sub Group: II-Resistance test group. The prepared teeth were randomly allotted to the three groups and subgroups using lot method. Partial veneer crown copings were fabricated for testing retention and resistance. Castings in each subgroup were luted with resin cement to their respective tooth preparations. Retention and resistance testing of samples were done with the use of an Instron Universal testing machine. Results: The two surface treatments, laser etching and spark erosion (Groups B and C) of metal copings significantly improved the retention and resistance compared to sandblasted surfaces alone (P ≤ 0.05). Retention and resistance of copings which were sandblasted and spark eroded (Group C) were found to be highest among the three groups (P ≤ 0.05). Conclusion: Within the limitation of this study, it can be concluded that the combination of spark erosion and sandblasting significantly improves the retention and resistance values of partial veneer crown. This study helps to provide better knowledge about the surface treatment required for success of partial veneer crowns.

Double diffusive convection phenomenon is widely seen in process industries, where the interplay between thermal and solutal (mass) buoyancy forces play a crucial role in governing the outcome. In the current work, double diffusive convection phenomenon in a lid driven cavity model with linearly salted side walls has been studied numerically using Finite element simulations. Top and bottom walls of the cavity are assumed cold and hot respectively while other boundaries are set adiabatic to heat and mass flow. The calculations of energy and momentum transport in the cavity is done using velocity-vorticity form of Navier-Stokes equations consisting of velocity Poisson equations, vorticity transport, energy and concentration equations. Galerkin’s weighted residual method has been implemented to approximate the governing equations. Simulation results are obtained for convective heat transfer for 100

Double diffusive convection phenomenon is widely seen in process industries, where the interplay between thermal and solutal (mass) buoyancy forces play a crucial role in governing the outcome. In the current work, double diffusive convection phenomenon in a lid driven cavity model with linearly salted side walls has been studied numerically using Finite element simulations. Top and bottom walls of the cavity are assumed cold and hot respectively while other boundaries are set adiabatic to heat and mass flow. The calculations of energy and momentum transport in the cavity is done using velocity-vorticity form of Navier-Stokes equations consisting of velocity Poisson equations, vorticity transport, energy and concentration equations. Galerkin’s weighted residual method has been implemented to approximate the governing equations. Simulation results are obtained for convective heat transfer for 100

Abstract The National Cancer Institute (NCI) Image Data Commons (IDC) offers publicly available cancer radiology collections for cloud computing, crucial for developing advanced imaging tools and algorithms. Despite their potential, these collections are minimally annotated; only 4% of DICOM studies in collections considered in the project had existing segmentation annotations. This project increases the quantity of segmentations in various IDC collections. We produced high-quality, AI-generated imaging annotations dataset of tissues, organs, and/or cancers for 11 distinct IDC image collections. These collections contain images from a variety of modalities, including computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and positron emission tomography (PET). The collections cover various body parts, such as the chest, breast, kidneys, prostate, and liver. A portion of the AI annotations were reviewed and corrected by a radiologist to assess the performance of the AI models. Both the AI’s and the radiologist’s annotations were encoded in conformance to the Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) standard, allowing for seamless integration into the IDC collections as third-party analysis collections. All the models, images and annotations are publicly accessible.

The application of network pharmacology (NP) has advanced our understanding of the complex molecular mechanisms underlying diseases, including neck, head, and oral cancers, as well as thyroid carcinoma. This review aimed to explore the therapeutic potential of natural network pharmacology using compounds and traditional Chinese medicines for combating these malignancies. NP serves as a pivotal tool that provides a comprehensive view of the interactions among compounds, genes, and diseases, thereby contributing to the advancement of disease treatment and management. In parallel, this review discusses the significance of publicly accessible databases in the identification of oral, head, and neck cancer-specific genes. These databases, including those for head and neck oral cancer, head and neck cancer, oral cancer, and genomic variants of oral cancer, offer valuable insights into the genes, miRNAs, drugs, and genetic variations associated with these cancers. They serve as indispensable resources for researchers, clinicians, and drug developers, contributing to the pursuit of precision medicine and improved treatment of these challenging malignancies. In summary, advancements in NP could improve the globalization and modernization of traditional medicines and prognostic targets as well as aid in the development of innovative drugs. Furthermore, this review will be an eye-opener for researchers working on drug development from traditional medicines by applying NP approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Surgical management for head and neck cancer frequently entails a multi-step, intricate process that includes substantial resections, significant neck dissection and vascularised tissue repair. Surgical site infection (SSI) is a significant complication arising in patients undergone surgery for oral squamous cell carcinoma, impacting recovery and clinical outcomes. Our objective is to evaluate the prevalence of surgical site infection (SSI) and the risk variables related to it in patients who have undergone major surgery for head and neck cancer. Materials and methods: This is a prospective observational study which included 60 patients who underwent surgery. Surgical procedure included wide local excision, neck dissection with or without flap reconstruction. All the patients received intravenous antibiotics cephalosporins and metronidazole for 5 days postoperatively, and were observed for minimum of 30 days for any postoperative infection. Patient demographics, clinical data, perioperative variables were collected including age, sex, tumor stage, comorbidities, surgical procedure, history of prior radiotherapy, duration of surgery and postoperative care. The incidence of SSI was recorded and potential risk factors were analyzed. Results and discussion: In our study patient's average age is 56.13±8.90 years. Twenty of the sixty patients developed surgical site infection (SSI). Tumour stage, ASA classification and the occurrence of surgical site infections are statistically correlated. The majority of individuals have tumours in advanced stage-IV. Although, the development of surgical site infections and tumour stage do not correlate statistically (p=0.120) but higher stage of disease have poor prognosis and predispose to SSI. Prior radiotherapy and tracheostomy shows no statistical correlation. However, Reconstruction with flap is statistically significant with Surgical site infection (p=0.016). Conclusion: After obtaining results, it is concluded that incidence of SSI remains a concern, with multiple factors contributing to infection risk. Early identification and targeted management of patients having comorbidities, undergone radiotherapy and planned for reconstruction can help reduce the incidence of surgical site infection and improve surgical outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The quest for natural, plant-based compounds in nanotechnology has heightened interest in medicinal plants with bioactive properties. Gloriosa superba, known as the flame lily, is valued in traditional medicine for its anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antimicrobial effects, attributed to compounds like colchicine and gloriosine. This study evaluates G. superba root extracts as natural reducing agents for the green synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) and investigates their anti-inflammatory properties. Materials and Methods: G. superba roots were collected, washed, and air-dried before being ground into powder. Preparation of Gloriosa superba Root Extract and Synthesis of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles Done. Antiinflammatory activity was assessed using the Egg Albumin (EA) assay and Membrane Stabilization assay, measuring the inhibition of inflammation at varying concentrations of CuO NPs (10, 25, and 50 µg/mL). Results: The results indicated significant dose-dependent anti-inflammatory activity of G. superba-synthesized CuO NPs. All assays demonstrated increased inhibition with higher concentrations, achieving levels comparable to standard treatments. Conclusion: This study highlights the potential of G. superba extracts for eco-friendly synthesis of CuO NPs with promising anti-inflammatory properties. These findings support the use of plant-based methods in developing effective therapeutic agents, warranting further exploration of their biomedical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remains a major global health concern due to its high morbidity and mortality. Perineural invasion (PNI), where cancer cells invade the perineural space, has emerged as a significant factor associated with poor outcomes, including higher recurrence and decreased survival. This study explores the prognostic impact of PNI in OSCC and its potential role in guiding treatment decisions. Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis of 150 patients with OSCC treated surgically at Saveetha Dental College between October 2022 and June 2024 was conducted. Data collected included demographics, tumor characteristics, presence of PNI, treatment modalities, and recurrence outcomes. Survival analysis was performed using Kaplan-Meier estimates and Cox proportional hazards models. Results: PNI was present in 40% of cases, predominantly in tumors of the tongue and floor of the mouth. PNI-positive patients had significantly worse overall survival (45% vs. 75%, p < 0.001) and disease-free survival (35% vs. 70%, p < 0.001). PNI was independently associated with poorer outcomes, with hazard ratios of 2.3 for overall survival and 2.6 for disease-free survival. Recurrence rates were higher in PNI-positive patients (60% vs. 30%), and distant metastasis was more frequent (15% vs. 5%). Median time to recurrence was shorter for PNI-positive patients (18 vs. 36 months, p < 0.001). Conclusion: PNI is a robust prognostic marker in OSCC, significantly associated with worse survival and higher recurrence rates. Its presence should prompt consideration of more aggressive treatment strategies, including wider surgical margins and adjuvant therapies. Routine assessment of PNI is essential for improving OSCC outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bilateral Sagittal Split Osteotomy (BSSO) is a widely utilized surgical procedure in orthognathic surgery, primarily aimed at correcting mandibular deformities such as prognathism, retrognathism, and asymmetry. The procedure involves splitting the mandibular ramus bilaterally, allowing for the repositioning of the lower jaw to achieve proper occlusion and facial symmetry. BSSO is favored for its ability to maintain a stable and predictable outcome, while also allowing for rigid fixation of the bone segments. Despite its advantages, BSSO is technically demanding and requires meticulous surgical planning and execution to avoid complications such as nerve injury, unfavorable fractures, and excessive blood loss. Advances in surgical instruments, including the introduction of piezoelectric devices, have enhanced the precision of the osteotomies, potentially reducing intraoperative complications. This abstract provides an overview of the indications, technique, and outcomes of BSSO, emphasizing its role in contemporary orthognathic surgery and the ongoing developments aimed at improving its safety and efficacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: This study aims to achieve an electrochemical deposition of Sr- and Zn-doped hydroxyapatite coating on stainless steel mini-implants and verify it by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Materials and methods: Synthesis of the powder: Zinc-Sr hydroxyapatite nanoparticles were synthesised in this work using a sonochemical-mediated hydrothermal technique. Electrochemical deposition of the coating: The coating was applied electrochemically onto commercially available stainless steel miniplates measuring 2 mm in thickness and screws measuring 2 x 8 mm. The coated implants were analysed for their functional groups using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) covering a frequency range of 4000-400 cm-1. Results: The chemical nature and functional groups involved in the successful production of Zn-Sr/HAP were predominantly elucidated by FT-IR spectroscopy investigations. In FTIR, the coated stainless-steel plates showed 3 peaks at 1024.85, 601.02, and 561.26. The coated stainless-steel screws showed 2 peaks at 1028.43 and 563.23. Conclusion: Zinc and strontiumdoped hydroxyapatite coating can be done on stainless steel miniplates using electrochemical deposition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Disimpaction of third molars is a routine procedure performed by the oral and maxillofacial surgeon. This procedure embraces keen expertise from the surgeon to facilitate a smooth post-operative sequela. The study employs the use of diluted dexamethasone locally as intraoperative irrigation solution compared to saline being the gold standard. Aim: The study aims to evaluate the use of dexamethasone irrigation in third molar surgery and observe the reduction of postoperative pain and edema. Materials and Methods: The study consisted of 20 participants with bilateral impacted horizontal mandibular impacted teeth postion B class 2 (Pell and Gregory) who has received diluted dexamethasone with saline solution on one side(Group D) and plain saline (Group C) on one side. The first surgery was followed by the second tooth removal surgery after minimum of 15 days. The postoperative edema at both the surgeries was measured after 48 hours. The post-operative pain measurement was carried out using the VAS score at 8,16,24,48 hours post operatively. Patients were asked to maintain a 4 part diary post operatively for the same. Results: A total of 12 males and 8 females were included in the study with a mean age of 27.35 years. The average swelling on the side receiving plain saline solution as irrigant was 10.29±0.81cm and that in the dexamethasone group 9.96±0.68cm with p=0.171. The average pain score at 8,16,24,48 hour period was found to be 5.75, 4.5, 2.7, 2.2 in Group C and 5, 2.75, 2.25, 1.6 in group D respectively with a respective p values of: p= 0.78, p=0.000, p=0.184 and p= 0.009 repectively. Conclusion: Intraoperative dexamethasone irrigation provides significant reduction of the postoperative pain and helps in managing the post-operative sequale of the disimpaction of teeth. Further research could facilitate the routine use of dexamethasone in clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gloriosa superba, a tropical plant known for its medicinal properties, has been utilized traditionally to treat various ailments due to its bioactive alkaloids. Recent advances in nanotechnology have demonstrated the potential of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs) in antimicrobial applications. This study investigates the antimicrobial mechanisms of CuONPs synthesized using the root extract of G. superba. Methods: Copper oxide nanoparticles were synthesized using an aqueous extract of G. superba root tubers. The synthesis involved adding the plant extract to a copper sulfate solution, followed by agitation and filtration. Antimicrobial activities were assessed using the agar well diffusion method, time kill curve assay, and assays for cytoplasmic and protein leakage. Results: CuONPs exhibited significant antimicrobial activity against a range of bacterial and fungal pathogens, including Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans. The nanoparticles showed dosedependent inhibition, with the largest zones of inhibition observed against Pseudomonas sp. The time kill curve assay revealed rapid reduction in microbial counts, and leakage assays indicated that CuONPs disrupt microbial cell membranes, leading to cellular damage. Discussion: The antimicrobial efficacy of G. superba-mediated CuONPs aligns with previous research on green synthesis and antimicrobial properties of copper nanoparticles. The disruption of cell membranes and leakage of cellular contents provide insights into the nanoparticles' mechanism of action. The findings highlight the potential of utilizing G. superba in developing sustainable antimicrobial agents. Conclusion: This study confirms the strong antimicrobial properties of CuONPs synthesized using G. superba root extract. The promising in vitro results suggest that these nanoparticles could be developed into effective antimicrobial agents, offering a sustainable alternative to conventional antibiotics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: This study aimed to compare the influence of envelope, triangular, and lingually-based flaps on pain, facial swelling, and trismus after mandibular third molar surgery. Study Design: The randomized prospective comparative study included 60 patients with impacted mandibular third molars. Three flap designs, namely the envelope flap (Koener's incision) (n=20), the triangular flap (Ward's incision) (n=20) and lingually based flap (n = 20), were used. The pain was determined using a visual analogue scale (VAS), trismus was determined by measuring the maximum interincisal opening, and facial swelling was evaluated using the Laskin method. Intraoperative time was measured from the time of giving the incision to the completion of the closure of the flap. Results: The VAS scores and facial swelling measurements were lowest in the envelope flap group and highest in the lingually-based flap (P<0.05). The lingually-based flap group had the highest mean intraoperative time (P<0.05). There was no significant difference between the envelope flap and the triangular flap in intraoperative time (P > 0.05). There was no significant difference between the flap designs in the maximum interincisal opening. Conclusion: In impacted mandibular third molar removal, The envelope flap design causes less pain and swelling than triangular flap and lingually based flap. Lingually-based flap design caused the highest pain, swelling and intraoperative time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of proanthocyanidin and C. sinensis-polyphenols on microtensile bonding properties of prepared teeth with resin-modified glass ionomer cement (GIC). Setting and Design: This was an in vitro study. Materials and Methods: Seventy-eight maxillary premolars were selected and mounted into auto-polymerizing acrylic resin blocks. The samples were prepared and metal crowns were fabricated. The samples were randomly divided into three groups. Samples under Group 1 were not treated with any of the extracts and followed conventional bonding protocol. Samples under Group 2 and Group 3 were treated with proanthocyanidin and C. sinensis-polyphenols, respectively. After dentin treatment, these samples were luted to metal crowns using resin-modified GIC. Universal testing machine was used to measure the load at which the crowns were debonded and microtensile bond strength in MPa was calculated. Statistical Analysis: The results were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey HSD. Results: Samples treated with C. sinensis polyphenols (Group 3) had maximum bond strength followed by Group 2, where the samples were treated with proanthocyanidin. Conclusion: C. sinensis polyphenols due to their anti-proteolytic and antioxidant properties showed improved bond strength compared to proanthocyanidin, a cross-linking agent, followed by conventional bonding protocol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]