Mechanism of action of Antimicrobial Activity of Copper-oxide Nanoparticle Synthesized using Root Extract of Gloriosa Superba - An Invitro Study.

Gloriosa superba, a tropical plant known for its medicinal properties, has been utilized traditionally to treat various ailments due to its bioactive alkaloids. Recent advances in nanotechnology have demonstrated the potential of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs) in antimicrobial applications. This study investigates the antimicrobial mechanisms of CuONPs synthesized using the root extract of G. superba. Methods: Copper oxide nanoparticles were synthesized using an aqueous extract of G. superba root tubers. The synthesis involved adding the plant extract to a copper sulfate solution, followed by agitation and filtration. Antimicrobial activities were assessed using the agar well diffusion method, time kill curve assay, and assays for cytoplasmic and protein leakage. Results: CuONPs exhibited significant antimicrobial activity against a range of bacterial and fungal pathogens, including Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans. The nanoparticles showed dosedependent inhibition, with the largest zones of inhibition observed against Pseudomonas sp. The time kill curve assay revealed rapid reduction in microbial counts, and leakage assays indicated that CuONPs disrupt microbial cell membranes, leading to cellular damage. Discussion: The antimicrobial efficacy of G. superba-mediated CuONPs aligns with previous research on green synthesis and antimicrobial properties of copper nanoparticles. The disruption of cell membranes and leakage of cellular contents provide insights into the nanoparticles' mechanism of action. The findings highlight the potential of utilizing G. superba in developing sustainable antimicrobial agents. Conclusion: This study confirms the strong antimicrobial properties of CuONPs synthesized using G. superba root extract. The promising in vitro results suggest that these nanoparticles could be developed into effective antimicrobial agents, offering a sustainable alternative to conventional antibiotics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]