8 results on '"Kris Kosmatka"'
Search Results
2. Neurophysiology of swallowing: Effects of age and bolus type.
- Author
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Ianessa A. Humbert, Michelle E. Fitzgerald, Donald G. McLaren, Sterling C. Johnson, Eva Porcaro, Kris Kosmatka, Jacqueline Hind, and JoAnne Robbins
- Published
- 2009
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3. Homocysteine, neural atrophy, and the effect of caloric restriction in rhesus monkeys
- Author
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Kris Kosmatka, Sterling C. Johnson, Auriel A. Willette, Elisa Canu, Christopher L. Coe, Richard Weindruch, Aaron S. Field, Andrew L. Alexander, Donald G. McLaren, Barbara B. Bendlin, Mary Lou Voytko, Ricki J. Colman, Catherine L. Gallagher, and Erik K. Kastman
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Male ,Aging ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Hippocampus ,Splenium ,Corpus callosum ,Article ,White matter ,Atrophy ,Internal medicine ,biology.animal ,Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ,medicine ,Animals ,Primate ,Homocysteine ,Caloric Restriction ,Analysis of Variance ,Brain Mapping ,biology ,General Neuroscience ,Age Factors ,Brain ,Anatomy ,Voxel-based morphometry ,medicine.disease ,Macaca mulatta ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Diffusion Tensor Imaging ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Endocrinology ,Frontal lobe ,Female ,Neurology (clinical) ,Geriatrics and Gerontology ,Psychology ,Developmental Biology - Abstract
Higher serum homocysteine (Hcy) levels in humans are associated with vascular pathology and greater risk for dementia, as well as lower global and regional volumes in frontal lobe and hippocampus. Calorie restriction (CR) in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) may confer neural protection against age- or Hcy-related vascular pathology. Hcy was collected proximal to a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) acquisition in aged rhesus monkeys and regressed against volumetric and diffusion tensor imaging indexes using voxel-wise analyses. Higher Hcy was associated with lower white matter volume in pons and corpus callosum. Hcy was correlated with lower gray matter volume and density in prefrontal cortices and striatum. CR did not influence Hcy levels. However, control monkeys exhibited a strong negative correlation between Hcy and global gray matter, whereas no relationship was evident for the CR monkeys. Similar group differences were also seen across modalities in the splenium of the corpus callosum, prefrontal cortices, hippocampus, and somatosensory areas. The data suggest that CR may ameliorate the influence of Hcy on several important age-related parameters of parenchymal health.
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- 2012
4. Age-related changes in neural volume and microstructure associated with interleukin-6 are ameliorated by a calorie-restricted diet in old rhesus monkeys
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Auriel A. Willette, Elisa Canu, Sterling C. Johnson, Ricki J. Colman, Richard Weindruch, Guofan Xu, Christopher L. Coe, Andrew L. Alexander, Barbara B. Bendlin, Erik K. Kastman, Kris Kosmatka, Aaron S. Field, and Donald G. McLaren
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Male ,Aging ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Cognitive Neuroscience ,Calorie restriction ,Corpus callosum ,Article ,Proinflammatory cytokine ,White matter ,Atrophy ,Internal medicine ,Fractional anisotropy ,medicine ,Animals ,Caloric Restriction ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,Interleukin-6 ,Interleukins ,Brain ,Magnetic resonance imaging ,Organ Size ,Voxel-based morphometry ,Anatomy ,medicine.disease ,Macaca mulatta ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Endocrinology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Neurology ,Female ,Psychology - Abstract
Systemic levels of proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) increase in old age and may contribute to neural atrophy in humans. We investigated IL-6 associations with age in T1-weighted segments and microstructural diffusion indices using MRI in aged rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). Further, we determined if long-term 30% calorie restriction (CR) reduced IL-6 and attenuated its association with lower tissue volume and density. Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and diffusion-weighted voxelwise analyses were conducted. IL-6 was associated with less global gray and white matter (GM and WM), as well as smaller parietal and temporal GM volumes. Lower fractional anisotropy (FA) was associated with higher IL-6 levels along the corpus callosum and various cortical and subcortical tracts. Higher IL-6 concentrations across subjects were also associated with increased mean diffusivity (MD) throughout many brain regions, particularly in corpus callosum, cingulum, and parietal, frontal, and prefrontal areas. CR monkeys had significantly lower IL-6 and less associated atrophy. An IL-6xCR interaction across modalities also indicated that CR mitigated IL-6 related changes in several brain regions compared to controls. Peripheral IL-6 levels were correlated with atrophy in regions sensitive to aging, and this relationship was decreased by CR.
- Published
- 2010
5. A Calorie-Restricted Diet Decreases Brain Iron Accumulation and Preserves Motor Performance in Old Rhesus Monkeys
- Author
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Kris Kosmatka, Elisa Canu, Donald G. McLaren, Richard Weindruch, Guofan Xu, Christopher L. Coe, Aaron S. Field, Andrew L. Alexander, Barbara B. Bendlin, Ricki J. Colman, Sterling C. Johnson, Erik K. Kastman, T. Mark Beasley, Mary Lou Voytko, and Auriel A. Willette
- Subjects
Male ,Aging ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Red nucleus ,Movement ,Iron ,Statistics as Topic ,Substantia nigra ,Motor Activity ,Globus Pallidus ,Brain mapping ,Basal Ganglia ,Article ,Eating ,Parietal Lobe ,biology.animal ,Internal medicine ,Basal ganglia ,Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ,medicine ,Animals ,Primate ,Red Nucleus ,Caloric Restriction ,Temporal cortex ,Brain Mapping ,Electronic Data Processing ,biology ,General Neuroscience ,Parietal lobe ,Brain ,Macaca mulatta ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Temporal Lobe ,Substantia Nigra ,Globus pallidus ,Endocrinology ,Multivariate Analysis ,Female ,Neuroscience ,Psychomotor Performance - Abstract
Caloric restriction (CR) reduces the pathological effects of aging and extends the lifespan in many species, including nonhuman primates, although the effect on the brain is less well characterized. We used two common indicators of aging, motor performance speed and brain iron deposition measuredin vivousing magnetic resonance imaging, to determine the potential effect of CR on elderly rhesus macaques eating restricted (n= 24, 13 males, 11 females) and standard (n= 17, 8 males, 9 females) diets. Both the CR and control monkeys showed age-related increases in iron concentrations in globus pallidus (GP) and substantia nigra (SN), although the CR group had significantly less iron deposition in the GP, SN, red nucleus, and temporal cortex. A Diet × Age interaction revealed that CR modified age-related brain changes, evidenced as attenuation in the rate of iron accumulation in basal ganglia and parietal, temporal, and perirhinal cortex. Additionally, control monkeys had significantly slower fine motor performance on the Movement Assessment Panel, which was negatively correlated with iron accumulation in left SN and parietal lobe, although CR animals did not show this relationship. Our observations suggest that the CR-induced benefit of reduced iron deposition and preserved motor function may indicate neural protection similar to effects described previously in aging rodent and primate species.
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- 2010
6. Early deficits in cortical control of swallowing in Alzheimer's disease
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Michelle Fitzgerald, Eno-Obong Umoh, Sterling C. Johnson, Kris Kosmatka, Ianessa A. Humbert, Stephanie Kays, JoAnne Robbins, Eva Porcaro, and Donald G. McLaren
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Larynx ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Pathology ,Time Factors ,Brain activity and meditation ,Audiology ,Severity of Illness Index ,Article ,Neuroimaging ,Swallowing ,stomatognathic system ,Alzheimer Disease ,Severity of illness ,medicine ,otorhinolaryngologic diseases ,Humans ,Aged ,Cerebral Cortex ,General Neuroscience ,digestive, oral, and skin physiology ,Hyoid Bone ,Videotape Recording ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,Dysphagia ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Clinical Psychology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Cerebral cortex ,Fluoroscopy ,Female ,Geriatrics and Gerontology ,Alzheimer's disease ,medicine.symptom ,Psychology ,Deglutition Disorders - Abstract
The goal of this study was to determine whether functional changes in cortical control of swallowing are evident in early Alzheimer's disease (AD), before dysphagia (swallowing impairment) is evident. Cortical function was compared between an early AD group and a group of age-matched controls during swallowing. Swallowing oropharyngeal biomechanics examined from videofluoroscopic recordings were also obtained to more comprehensively characterize changes in swallowing associated with early AD. Our neuroimaging results show that the AD group had significantly lower Blood-Oxygen-Level-Dependent (BOLD) response in many cortical areas that are traditionally involved in normal swallowing (i.e., pre and postcentral gyri, Rolandic and frontal opercula). There were no regions where the AD group showed more brain activity than the healthy controls during swallowing, and only 13% of all active voxels were unique to the AD group, even at this early stage. This suggests that the AD group is not recruiting new regions, nor are they compensating within regions that are active during swallowing. In videofluoroscopic measures, the AD group had significantly reduced hyo-laryngeal elevation than the controls. Although, swallowing impairment is usually noted in the late stages of AD, changes in cortical control of swallowing may begin long before dysphagia becomes apparent.
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- 2010
7. Effects of aging and calorie restriction on white matter in rhesus macaques
- Author
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Elisa Canu, Andrew L. Alexander, Donald G. McLaren, Aaron S. Field, Barbara B. Bendlin, Kris Kosmatka, Ricki J. Colman, Sterling C. Johnson, Richard Weindruch, Guofan Xu, Erik K. Kastman, Christopher L. Coe, and Auriel A. Willette
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Male ,Aging ,External capsule ,Calorie restriction ,Physiology ,behavioral disciplines and activities ,Nerve Fibers, Myelinated ,Article ,White matter ,Cohort Studies ,Fasciculus ,medicine ,Animals ,Longitudinal Studies ,Caloric Restriction ,biology ,General Neuroscience ,Superior longitudinal fasciculus ,Brain ,biology.organism_classification ,medicine.disease ,Macaca mulatta ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Diffusion Tensor Imaging ,nervous system ,Sarcopenia ,Female ,Neurology (clinical) ,Brainstem ,Geriatrics and Gerontology ,Psychology ,Neuroscience ,Developmental Biology ,Diffusion MRI - Abstract
Rhesus macaques on a calorie restricted diet (CR) develop less age-related disease, have virtually no indication of diabetes, are protected against sarcopenia, and potentially live longer. Beneficial effects of caloric restriction likely include reductions in age-related inflammation and oxidative damage. Oligodendrocytes are particularly susceptible to inflammation and oxidative stress, therefore, we hypothesized that CR would have a beneficial effect on brain white matter and would attenuate age-related decline in this tissue. CR monkeys and controls underwent diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). A beneficial effect of CR indexed by DTI was observed in superior longitudinal fasciculus, fronto-occipital fasciculus, external capsule, and brainstem. Aging effects were observed in several regions, although CR appeared to attenuate age-related alterations in superior longitudinal fasciculus, frontal white matter, external capsule, right parahippocampal white matter, and dorsal occipital bundle. The results, however, were regionally specific and also suggested that CR is not salutary across all white matter. Further evaluation of this unique cohort of elderly primates to mortality will shed light on the ultimate benefits of an adult-onset, moderate CR diet for deferring brain aging.
- Published
- 2009
8. P4‐249: Cortical control of swallowing in early Alzheimer's disease: A functional magnetic resonance imaging study
- Author
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Kris Kosmatka, Eva Porcaro, Michelle Fitzgerald, Stephanie Kays, Eno Umoh, Donald G. McLaren, Sterling C. Johnson, Ianessa A. Humbert, and JoAnne Robbins
- Subjects
medicine.diagnostic_test ,Epidemiology ,business.industry ,Health Policy ,Functional magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the brain ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience ,Nuclear magnetic resonance ,Developmental Neuroscience ,Swallowing ,Cortical control ,medicine ,Neurology (clinical) ,Geriatrics and Gerontology ,Functional magnetic resonance imaging ,business - Published
- 2009
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