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To clarify the mechanism of the interaction of eugenol with odontoblast membranes compared with that of phenol and triethyleneglycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA), we employed dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) liposomes as a model system for odontoblast membranes. ¹H and13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) was used as the spectroscopic approach in the study of this interaction. No signals of ¹H and13C due to eugenol in the DPPC/eugenol liposomes were observed, indicating that the mobility of eugenol was strongly disturbed by DPPC and that eugenol did not diffuse from the liposomes once it was incorporated. The change in chemical shifts due to phenol between the free state and the DPPC/phenol liposomes was not found, indicating that phenol resides in the aqueous phase or near the surfaces of liposomes, its interaction being markedly weaker than that of eugenol. The signals due to TEGDAMA in the DPPCI TEGDMA liposomes were split into two peaks: a lower-field peak (free TEGDMA) and a higher-field one (membrane-bound TEGDM). TEGDMA with ethyleneglycol groups seemed to be activated on the liposomes as a surfactant-like agent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The texture of cooked rice plays an important role in the characteristics of cooked rice. It can be firmness or stickiness depends on the amount of amylopectin inside the cooked rice, the higher the content will be more stickiness. Japonica rice is the type of rice with highest amylopectin content. Therefore the texture is the most stickiness. This research is to define the stickiness of japonica cooked rice using stress-strain behavior through uniaxial compression test. Stress defined as a normal force divided by a cross-sectional area in the horizontal plane while strain as a shrinking ratio of cooked rice. A single Japonica cooked rice squeezed using parallel plate type rheometer with constant velocity (0,2; 0,5; 1; 2; 4 mm/s). The deformation process of cooked rice was recorded from both side and bottom views to measure area transformation. The result showed that stress-strain of the deformation of cooked japonica rice was strongly depended on velocity. The low velocity (0,2;0,5;1 and 1 mm/s) are same with high velocity (2 and 4 mm/s) the during first deformation but significantly different statistically in the later deformation.

Latex paint is an aqueous dispersion of nano-sized polymer particles that can form a thin film by itself or mixed with rigid particles. We have developed an apparatus that can simultaneously measure drying rate and stress generation and have investigated the film formation process of a latex-only coating layer under convection drying. In the present study, we adopted the same method to investigate the film formation process of the silica-latex coating layer. As a result, we were able to systematically correlate the drying rate change by the equivalent thickness of latex particles accumulated with silica particles at the drying surface. Furthermore, it is unveiled that the drying rate in the former stage depends on drying temperature, while the drying rate changed to be dominated by silica content after the particle-packing layer was formed over the entire coating layer. On the other hand, the model we proposed for stress generation, considering the temperature effect on latex deformability, was found to be applicable to the present experimental system by replacing a portion of deformable particles with rigid particles., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

The bZIP60, XBP1 and HAC1 mRNAs encode transcription factors that mediate the unfolded protein response (UPR) in plants, animals and yeasts, respectively. Upon UPR, these mRNAs undergo unconventional cytoplasmic splicing on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to produce active transcription factors. Although cytoplasmic splicing is conserved, the ER targeting mechanism differs between XBP1 and HAC1. The ER targeting of HAC1 mRNA occurs before translation, whereas that of XBP1 mRNA involves a ribosome-nascent chain complex that is stalled when a hydrophobic peptide emerges from the ribosome; the corresponding mechanism is unknown for bZIP60. Here, we analyzed ribosome stalling on bZIP60 orthologs of plants. Using a cell-free translation system, we detected nascent peptide-mediated ribosome stalling during the translation elongation of the mRNAs of Arabidopsis, rice and Physcomitrium (moss) orthologs, and the termination-step stalling in the Selaginella (lycopod) ortholog, all of which occurred ∼50 amino acids downstream of a hydrophobic region. Transfection experiments showed that ribosome stalling contributes to cytoplasmic splicing in bZIP60u orthologs of Arabidopsis and Selaginella. In contrast, ribosome stalling was undetectable for liverwort, Klebsormidium (basal land plant), and green algae orthologs. This study highlights the evolutionary diversity of ribosome stalling and its contribution to ER targeting in plants., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Nucleic Acids Research.)

The sleeping chironomid (Polypedilum vanderplanki) is the only insect capable of surviving complete desiccation in an ametabolic state called anhydrobiosis. Here, we focused on the role of oxidative stress and we observed the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in desiccating larvae and in those exposed to salinity stress. Oxidative stress occurs to some extent in desiccating larvae, inducing carbonylation of proteins. Oxidative stress overcomes the antioxidant defenses of the larvae during the first hour following rehydration of anhydrobiotic larvae. It facilitates the oxidation of DNA and cell membrane lipids; however, these damages are quickly repaired after a few hours. In addition to its deleterious effects, we demonstrated that artificial exposure to oxidative stress could induce a response similar to desiccation stress, at the transcriptome and protein levels. Furthermore, the response of anhydrobiosis-related genes to desiccation and salinity stress was inhibited by antioxidant treatment. Thus, we conclude that oxidative stress is an essential trigger for inducing the expression of protective genes during the onset of anhydrobiosis in desiccating of P. vanderplanki larvae., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier B.V. and Mitochondria Research Society. All rights reserved. All rights reserved.)