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The decision to build a new waterway (strait) in the Polish part of the Vistula Spit was made in 2017. The new connection between the Gulf of Gdańsk and the Vistula Lagoon is planned as an artificial navigable channel with a lock and a small port. During storm surges and wind tides in the gulf or in the lagoon, sluicing will be required for vessels to tackle the Vistula Spit. This procedure does not require significant water flow through the channel in normal conditions. However, in the case of a lock failure or in the case of controlled opening of the gate to increase water exchange in the lagoon or to reduce flood risk in the Vistula Lagoon, high flow rates may occur in the navigable channel and in the neighboring port basin. In order to inves-tigate the hydraulic conditions in such extraordinary situations, numerical modeling of the hydrodynamics during water damming in the gulf or in the lagoon is performed. To analyze the hydrodynamics of the artificial connection between the sea and the lagoon during periods of high water stages, mathematical modeling is required. This paper presents the shallow water equations (SWE) model adapted to simulate the flow through the port basin and the navigable channel. The calcula-tions allowed the relation between the water head and the capacity of the navigable channel to be found, as well as to analyze circulations which may occur in the port basin.

Ice jams in the Grasse River have caused the erosion of capping material designed to prevent the resurfacing of the bed sediment in the polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB)-contaminated area. Two in-stream ice-control structures are proposed to avoid the jam-induced erosion of the capping material. These two ice-control options are a pier-type ice-control structure and a reconstruction of a small hydropower dam upstream of the capping site. A numerical model study using the DynaRICE model is conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed design. Flow and ice conditions corresponding to the 100-year return period of ice jam events obtained from analyzing historical breakup ice jam data are used in the evaluation. The results showed that these ice-control structures could reduce the ice discharge downstream and the size of the ice jam at the capping site to prevent the erosion and scour of the PCB-contaminated bed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The assessment and mapping of riverine flood hazards and risks is recognized by many countries as an important tool for characterizing floods and developing flood management plans. Often, however, these management plans give attention primarily to open-water floods, with ice-jam floods being mostly an afterthought once these plans have been drafted. In some Nordic regions, ice-jam floods can be more severe than open-water floods, with floodwater levels of ice-jam floods often exceeding levels of open-water floods for the same return periods. Hence, it is imperative that flooding due to river ice processes be considered in flood management plans. This also pertains to European member states who are required to submit renewed flood management plans every six years to the European governance authorities. On 19 and 20 October 2022, a workshop entitled "Assessing and mitigating ice-jam flood hazard and risk" was hosted in Poznań, Poland to explore the necessity of incorporating ice-jam flood hazard and risk assessments in the European Union's Flood Directive. The presentations given at the workshop provided a good overview of flood risk assessments in Europe and how they may change due to the climate in the future. Perspectives from Norway, Sweden, Finland, Germany, and Poland were presented. Mitigation measures, particularly the artificial breakage of river ice covers and ice-jam flood forecasting, were shared. Advances in ice processes were also presented at the workshop, including state-of-the-art developments in tracking ice-floe velocities using particle tracking velocimetry, characterizing hanging dam ice, designing new ice-control structures, detecting, and monitoring river ice covers using composite imagery from both radar and optical satellite sensors, and calculating ice-jam flood hazards using a stochastic modelling approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the possible effect of the record ice jam of 1984 in the St. Clair River on river bed changes and conveyance. Numerical simulations were made to examine the flow and bed shear stresses during the jam formation and release periods. Simulation results indicate that the ice jam in the river did not cause a significant increase in bed shear stress compared to pre- and post-jam open water conditions. The insignificant change on bed shear stress during the ice jam period is the result of the large flow depth and the limited jam thickness. The bed shear stresses are much less than the critical shear stress for bed particle movement. This implies that the jam may not have had a significant impact on the channel conveyance. Key words: bed erosion, ice jam, mathematical modelling, river ice dynamics, St. Clair River. La presente etude examine les effets possibles des embacles observes en 1984 sur la riviere Sainte-Claire sur les modifications du lit du cours d'eau et sur l'ecoulement de ce dernier. Des simulations numeriques ont ete realisees pour etudier le debit et les contraintes de cisaillement exercees sur le lit de la riviere lors les periodes de formation d'embacles et pendant les debacles de glaces. Ces simulations montrent que les embacles de la riviere n'entrainaient pas d'augmentation significative des contraintes de cisaillement exercees sur le lit du cours d'eau, si l'on compare ces dernieres a celles enregistrees dans la riviere avant et apres la formation des embacles. Les tres faibles variations de contrainte de cisaillement observees dans le lit durant la formation des embacles s'expliquent par la profondeur importante de la riviere et par la faible epaisseur de la glace au niveau des embacles. Les contraintes de cisaillement exercees sur le lit sont bien inferieures aux contraintes de cisaillement limites liees au mouvement des particules du lit. De ce fait, les embacles pourraient ne pas avoir d'impact significatif sur l'ecoulement du cours d'eau. [Traduit par la Redaction] Mots-cles: erosion de lit, embacle, modelisation mathematique, dynamique de la glace de riviere, riviere Sainte-Claire., Introduction The conveyance of the St. Clair River, which connects Lake Huron and Lake St. Clair (Fig. 1), has attracted much attention because of its impacts on upper Great Lakes [...]

Ice processes in general, and ice jams in particular, play a dominant role in the hydrologic regime of Canadian rivers, often causing extreme floods and affecting the life cycle of many aquatic, terrestrial, and avian species. Various numerical models have been developed to help simulate the formation and consequences of these very dynamic and often destructive jam events. To test and compare the performance of existing models, a series of three tests have been devised and coordinated by a task force appointed by the Committee on River Ice Processes and the Environment (CRIPE). The results indicate that the overall performance of the models is good when calibration data are available, but considerably more varied when the models are applied in uncalibrated or 'blind' mode. However, the diversity of results in the blind mode may be attributed more to the variations in perceptions of the physical processes by the users, as compared to the mechanics of the numerical computations. Key words: Calibration, case study, field data, ice jam, model testing, numerical model, river. Les processus de glaces en general, et les embacles en particulier, ont un role predominant dans le regime hydrologique des rivieres canadiennes, causant souvent des inondations extremes et touchant le cycle de vie de plusieurs especes aquatiques, terrestres et aviaires. Plusieurs modeles numeriques ont ete developpes pour aider a simuler la formation et les consequences de ces evenements d'embacle tres dynamiques et souvent destructeurs. Pour verifier et comparer le rendement des modeles existants, une serie de trois essais a ete concue et coordonnee par un groupe de travail assigne par le CRIPE (Committee on River IceProcesses and the Environment). Les resultats indiquent que le rendement general des modeles est bon lorsque les donnees d' etalonnage sont disponibles, mais varie considerablement lorsque les modeles sont appliques en mode << aveugle >> ou non etalonne. Toutefois, la diversite des resultats en mode << aveugle >> peut etre attribuee plus aux variations dans les perceptions des procedes physiques par les utilisateurs, que par la mecanique des calculs numeriques. Mots-cles : etalonnage, etude de cas, donnees de terrain, embacle, essai de modele, modele numerique, riviere. [Traduit par la Redaction], 1. Introduction Ice processes play a dominant role in the hydrologic regime of Canadian rivers and are intimately related to the life cycle of many aquatic, terrestrial, and avian species. [...]

Despite many studies on the hydrological responses to forest cover changes in micro and mesoscale watersheds, the hydrological responses to forest cover alterations and associated mechanisms through the large spatial scale of the river watershed have not been comprehensively perceived. This paper thus reviews a wide range of available scientific evidence concerning the impacts exerted by the forest removal on precipitation, water yield, stream flow, and flow regimes. It is concluded that there is no statistical correlation between forest cover and precipitation and water yield at the micro and mesoscale. In contrast, there is a relative correlation coefficient (r = 0.77, p < 0.05) between forest cover and water yield at large scales (>1000 km2 ). These findings help our understanding of the hydrological response to forest disturbance at large and regional scale and provide a scientific perception to future watershed management in the context of human activities and natural hazards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Formatio Circumiectus is the property of Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rolniczego im. Hugona Kollataja w Krakowie and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Formatio Circumiectus is the property of Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rolniczego im. Hugona Kollataja w Krakowie and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Formatio Circumiectus is the property of Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rolniczego im. Hugona Kollataja w Krakowie and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)