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Purpose We investigated the utility of the open abdominal management (OA) technique for ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm (rAAA). Methods Between January 2016 and August 2021, 33 patients underwent open surgery for rAAA at our institution. The patients were divided into OA (n = 12) and non-OA (n = 21) groups. We compared preoperative characteristics, operative data, and postoperative outcomes between the two groups. The intensive care unit management and abdominal wall closure statuses of the OA group were evaluated. Results The OA group included significantly more cases of a preoperative shock than the non-OA group. The operation time was also significantly longer in the OA group than in the non-OA group. The need for intraoperative fluids, amount of bleeding, and need for blood transfusion were significantly higher in the OA group than in the non-OA group. Negative pressure therapy (NPT) systems are useful in OA. In five of the six survivors in the OA group, abdominal closure was able to be achieved using components separation (CS) technique. Conclusions NPT and the CS technique may increase the abdominal wall closure rate in rAAA surgery using OA and are expected to improve outcomes.

Haloarenes have been an important class of chemicals in modern organic chemistry field because the halide functionality offers numerous possible transformations. Classical electrophilic aromatic halogenation using molecular halogens and Lewis/Brønsted acid activators is still a promising synthetic tool; however, it suffers from handling difficulties, low selectivity, and limited functional group tolerance. We herein introduce carborane-based Lewis base catalysts for the aromatic halogenation using N-halosuccinimides. The developed reaction system was readily applicable to late-stage functionalization of drug molecules and efficient synthesis of multi-halogenated aromatics. The m-carborane scaffold was most suitable for the catalysis, and the possible fine-tuning by decorating the cluster vertices was important for modulating the electronic property of halonium species to maximize the catalytic performance.

A palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction of diarylmethanol derivatives with diborylmethane has been developed. The reaction proceeds chemoselectively to deliver the corresponding homobenzylic boronates in good yields.

In the selection of thoracic endovascular repair for aortic dissection (AD), it is important to distinguish between the subacute and chronic phases, but there is no reliable way to distinguish between them in patients with unknown onset of AD. The purpose of this study was to assess the diagnostic performance of 2-[18F] fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose (18F-FDG)-PET/computed tomography (PET/CT) for discriminating subacute AD from chronic AD.Thirteen patients with AD who were medically treated and followed up for 6 months were studied. 18F-FDG PET/CT images were obtained for each patient in the subacute phase (the first scan) and at 6 months (the second scan) after the onset. Target-to-background ratio (TBR) was measured as the maximum standardized uptake value (SUV) in the dissected aortic wall divided by blood pool SUV.TBR was significantly higher in the first scan (mean ± SD, 1.97 ± 0.32) than in the second scan (1.69 ± 0.29, P = 0.007). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of TBR for discriminating subacute AD from chronic AD was 0.76. With a threshold of 1.74, the TBR showed the sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive value of 85%, 69%, 73%, and 82%, respectively, for the discrimination of subacute AD from chronic AD.Metabolic assessment of dissected aortic wall by 18F-FDG PET/CT is useful in differentiating between subacute and chronic AD and can provide important information in determining the appropriate indication for treatment for patients with AD of unknown onset.

Due to the unique steric and electronic nature of the fluorine atom, organofluorine compounds have received significant attention in the fields of pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals. In particular, the CF3 group is frequently found in biologically active compounds. However, compared to aryl- and alkenyl-CF3-containing molecules, the construction of sp3 carbon-based alkyl-CF3-containing molecules, particularly via catalytic enantioselective synthesis, remains a considerable challenge in spite of their high potential in medicinal applications. This short review focuses on recent advances in this research area, and the reported strategies are categorized according to reaction types and starting substrates. In addition, chiral catalysts, substrate scope, and reaction mechanisms are briefly summarized. 1 Introduction2 Stereoselective Introduction of a CF3 Group2.1 Nucleophilic Addition to Carbonyls and Imines2.2 Electrophilic Substitution at the α Position of Carbonyls2.3 Allylic Nucleophilic Substitution3 Stereoselective Functionalization of CF3-Substituted Molecules3.1 Electrophilic Substitution of α-CF3 Carbonyls3.2 Substitution of α-Halo CF3 Compounds3.3 Addition-Type Reactions with CF3-Substituted Alkenes4 Conclusion and Outlook

A copper-catalyzed stereoselective 1,4-acylboration of α,β-unsaturated esters with B2pin2 and pivalic anhydride has been developed to afford the corresponding (E)-allylboronates with two distinct oxygenated functionalities at the γ positions, which are difficult to prepare by other means. The chemoselective post functionalizations of Bpin and pivalate moieties in the product are also demonstrated.

Background: There have been relatively many reports of cases of acute hydrops followed by infectious keratitis, there has not been a report of cases of infectious keratitis complicated by acute hydrops. Case presentation: A 35-year-old man had undergone cataract surgery 7 years earlier and was being treated for atopic dermatitis by a neighborhood dermatologist. However, the dermatitis was poorly controlled. He came to our hospital with a complaint of pain and blurred vision in his left eye. The decimal best-correctly visual acuity (BCVA) of the left eye was 0.01. Slit-lamp microscopy showed conjunctival injection and a corneal opacity. The patient was diagnosed with infectious keratitis and treated with topical and systemic antibiotics. During his hospitalization, we noted that he frequently rubbed his eyes vigorously. Five days after the first visit, the cornea was noted to protrude markedly and the stroma surrounding an ulcerated area was edematous. These findings led to the diagnosis of acute hydrops and he underwent keratoplasty for the impending corneal perforation. Histopathological study of the excised cornea showed stromal edema, leucocyte infiltration, and a tear of Descemet membrane. Unfortunately, he developed endophthalmitis on the day after the surgery. We irrigated the anterior chamber with antibiotics and injected antibiotics into the vitreous. The endophthalmitis gradually subsided, and at two years after the surgery, his decimal BCVA had improved to 0.6. Conclusions: Eye rubbing in cases of infectious keratitis can induce acute hydrops and timely surgical intervention is recommended.

A copper-catalyzed silylamination of α,β-unsaturated esters with silylboranes and hydroxylamines has been developed to afford the corresponding β-silyl-α-amino acid derivatives, which are of great interest in medicinal and pharmaceutical chemistry. Additionally, by using a suitable chiral bisphosphine ligand, the asymmetric induction is possible, delivering the optically active β-silyl-α-amino acids with synthetically acceptable diastereomeric ratios (55:45-82:18 dr) and high enantiomeric ratios (81:19-99:1 er).

A Cu-catalysed regio-, diastereo-, and enantioselective borylamination of α,β-unsaturated esters with B2pin2 and hydroxylamines has been developed. The products can be converted into functionalised α-amino acids with two adjacent stereocentres.

This paper presents theoretical calculation results of the axis excitation force associated with compression operation of a three-cylinder rotary compressor, and shows that the axis excitation force is reduced to about 30% of that of a two-cylinder rotary compressor. Our paper has performed an axis behavior analysis, and clarifies that the axis runout amplitude of the upper end of the crankshaft during high-speed rotation is reduced by 55% by improving counter balancer arrangement. To demonstrate these effects, we measured vibration and sound of a three-cylinder prototype with a 20% larger displacement volume than a two-cylinder maximum model, and compared them with that two-cylinder model. The vibration due to compression force fluctuation was reduced to less than 30%, and the vibration due to axis runout moment was also reduced to about half. The sound overall value at a rotation speed of 90 rps was reduced three decibels.

In rotary compressors, adding one cylinder to the conventional two in the axial direction without increasing the flow rate and load per cylinder can be expected to be an effective means for further increasing the capacity without deteriorating efficiency and reliability. This paper presents the prototype design with three different specifications for a three-cylinder rotary compressor, their performance measurement results, and their efficiency analysis. To investigate a bending deformation of the crankshaft, we have performed an axis behavior analysis as the elastic body and used the results for the efficiency analysis. Our efficiency analysis finds that the three-cylinder rotary compressor requires a middle bearing between the cylinders to reduce leakage in the compression chamber. The three-cylinder prototype demonstrates a higher COP than two-unit operation of the two-cylinder conventional models in almost the entire refrigeration capacity range and a great advantage in the medium capacity range especially.

A palladium-catalysed, silver-assisted regioselective C2-H alkenylation of benzophospholes with terminal alkenes has been developed. The palladium catalysis accommodates styrenes and electron-deficient alkenes including ester, ketone, nitrile, and phosphonate. Thus, this protocol enables the rapid construction of various benzophosphole-vinylene conjugations from the two simple C-H starting substrates. Optical properties of newly synthesized C2-alkenylated benzophospholes are also investigated.

Cardiac etiologies of hemoptysis are less common. One such etiology includes mitral regurgitation. In patients with hemoptysis and unilateral consolidation, mitral valve regurgitation should be considered, and careful chest auscultation and cardiac assessment may assist in making an early diagnosis.

A copper-catalyzed regio- and stereoselective allylboration of 1-trifluoromethylalkenes with bis(pinacolato)diboron (pinB-Bpin) and allylic chlorides has been developed to form functionalized trifluoromethylated products with high diastereoselectivity. The key to success is the judicious choice of Cssub2/subCOsub3/subbase andit/i-Bu-modified dppe-type ligand, which enables the otherwise challenging high catalyst turnover and suppression of the competing defluorination side reaction from an alkylcopper intermediate. The product derivatization of the resulting Bpin moiety can deliver diverse CFsub3/sub-containing molecules with high stereochemical fidelity.

A copper-mediated dehydrogenative C-H/C-H biaryl coupling of phenols and 1,3-azoles has been developed. The key to its success is the introduction of a bipyridine-type bidentate auxiliary, 4,4'-di(tert-butyl)-2,2'-bipyridine, on the phenol oxygen, which is readily prepared and easily attachable, detachable, and recyclable. The reaction proceeds smoothly in the presence of copper salt alone to form the corresponding phenol-azole heterobiaryls, which are prevalent motifs in functional molecules such as excited-state intramolecular proton transfer materials.

A palladium-catalysed C–H arylation of benzophospholes with aryl halides has been developed to form the corresponding acceptor–donor–acceptor-type molecules and highly condensed heteroacene-type molecules of potent interest in material chemistry.

A rhodium-catalyzed C4-selective C-H alkenylation of 3-carboxy-2-pyridones with styrenes has been developed. The carboxylic group at the C3 position works as the traceless directing group, and the corresponding C4-alkenylated 2-pyridones are obtained exclusively with concomitant decarboxylation. Unlike the reported procedures, the exclusive C4 selectivity is uniformly observed even in the presence of potentially more reactive C-H bonds at the C5 and C6 positions. By using this strategy, the multiply substituted 2-pyridone can be prepared via sequential C-H functionalization reactions.

Kumiko Kato,1 Maki Takeuchi,1 Yuka Yonekawa,1 Yuzen Kashima,1 Koji Hirano,2 Mineo Kondo1 1Department of Ophthalmology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan; 2Department of Ophthalmology, Fujita Health University Bantane Hospital, Nagoya, JapanCorrespondence: Kumiko KatoDepartment of Ophthalmology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, JapanTel +81-59-231-5027Fax +81-59-231-3036Email k-kato@clin.medic.mie-u.ac.jpPurpose: To report our findings in three cases of an inflamed conjunctival nevus whose size and degree of pigmentation were reduced by topical antiallergic and immunosuppressive ophthalmic solutions.Methods: Observational case series. Three patients with inflamed conjunctival nevus were examined by slit-lamp biomicroscopy, and the findings before and after the treatments were compared.Results: All three patients had a slightly pigmented and edematous conjunctival tumor at the corneal limbal area. The tumors were hyperemic, and papillae and follicles were present on the superior conjunctiva in all patients. All of the patients had an allergic predisposition. The antiallergic treatment not only resolved the hyperemia and edema of the palpebral conjunctiva, but also reduced the tumor size. In one case, the topical antiallergic agent alone led to a reduction of the tumor size. A combination of topical antiallergic agent and topical immunosuppressant was effective in reducing the tumor size and degree of pigmentation in the other two patients.Conclusion: The hyperemia and pigmentation in eyes with inflamed conjunctival nevus can be resolved by topical antiallergic agent and topical immunosuppressant without resection of the tumor.Keywords: inflamed juvenile conjunctival nevus, epinastine, tacrolimus

Koji Hirano,1 Hidenori Tanaka,2 Kumiko Kato,3 Kaoru Araki-Sasaki4 1Department of Ophthalmology, Fujita Health University Bantane Hospital, Nagoya, Aichi, 454-8509, Japan; 2Department of Ophthalmology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan; 3Department of Ophthalmology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan; 4Department of Ophthalmology, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-1010, JapanCorrespondence: Koji HiranoDepartment of Ophthalmology, Fujita Health University Bantane Hospital, 6-10, Otoubashi 3-cho-me, Nakagawa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 454-8509, JapanTel +81-52-321-8171Fax +81-52-322-4734Email kojihira@fujita-hu.ac.jpPurpose: In clinical practice we sometimes encounter patients with severe corneal ulcers who have been treated with topical corticosteroids. This study reviewed the clinical features and visual outcomes of these patients and investigated the background of the prescription of topical corticosteroids.Patients and Methods: The medical records of patients who visited the Cornea Service at Fujita Health University Bantane Hospital and were treated for infectious keratitis from April 2016 to March 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients treated with topical corticosteroids before a culture-proven diagnosis were studied in terms of demographics, best-corrected visual acuity at arrival and at last visit, the clinical course after visit, ocular history, and combination therapy by the previous ophthalmologist.Results: Out of the 200 eyes of 197 patients with infectious keratitis, 14 eyes of 14 patients were treated with topical corticosteroids before a culture-proven diagnosis. All 14 patients were referred, as they had severe keratitis that could not be cured with topical antibiotics and corticosteroids. Based on the culture results, we diagnosed Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK) in six patients, fungal keratitis (FK) in two patients, bacterial keratitis (including a suspected case) in two patients, and unknown cause in four patients. Two patients with AK, FK, and unknown keratitis had unfortunate clinical courses and poor visual outcomes. From the information in the referral letters, at least six of the 14 patients were treated with either acyclovir ocular ointment or valaciclovir tablets, along with topical corticosteroids.Conclusion: Application of topical corticosteroids for keratitis that does not respond to empirical antibiotic therapy is harmful since AK or FK is likely involved in these topical antibiotic-resistant cases. Microbiological evidence, as well as a differential diagnosis of herpetic stromal keratitis, is needed when prescribing topical corticosteroid for the treatment of suspected infectious keratitis.Keywords: culture-proven diagnosis, empiric antibiotic therapy, herpetic keratitis, infectious keratitis, topical corticosteroids

A Pd-catalyzed regioselective C-H alkenylation of allylic alcohols with electron-deficient alkenes has been developed. The key to success is the introduction of bidentately coordinating phenanthroline directing group, which enables the otherwise challenging and regioselective C-H activation at the proximal alkenyl C-H bonds over the conceivably competitive allylic C-O bond activation. The same Pd/phenanthroline system is efficient for the C-H alkynylation of allylic alcohols with alkynyl bromides.

Combinatorial optimization models a vast range of industrial processes aiming at improving their efficiency. In general, solving this type of problem exactly is computationally intractable. Therefore, practitioners rely on heuristic solution approaches. Variational quantum algorithms are optimization heuristics that can be demonstrated with available quantum hardware. In this case study, we apply four variational quantum heuristics running on IBM's superconducting quantum processors to the job shop scheduling problem. Our problem optimizes a steel manufacturing process. A comparison on 5 qubits shows that the recent filtering variational quantum eigensolver (F-VQE) converges faster and samples the global optimum more frequently than the quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA), the standard variational quantum eigensolver (VQE), and variational quantum imaginary time evolution (VarQITE). Furthermore, F-VQE readily solves problem sizes of up to 23 qubits on hardware without error mitigation post processing., 16 pages, 8 figures, 3 tables. Additional hardware experiments, minor clarifications. As published in EPJ Quantum Technol

Pancreaticoduodenal artery aneurysm (PDAA) is a rare disease without treatment guidelines. We present two patients with PDAA. The first patient was a 70-year-old man with a pseudoaneurysm in the anterior superior pancreaticoduodenal artery (ASPDA), for which we achieved exclusion by endovascular coil embolization. The second patient was a 63-year-old woman with a PDAA in the ASPDA with celiac axis obstruction. Endovascular coil embolization of the aneurysm and the ASPDA was successful without visceral organ ischemia. Endovascular treatment is effective for PDAAs, but careful evaluation of collateral circulation is vital in PDAAs with celiac axis obstruction.

Ligand-controlled palladium-catalyzed divergent synthesis of isonitriles and nitriles from benzylic carbonates and TMSCN has been developed. The BINAP- or DPEphos-ligated palladium catalyst selectively provides the corresponding benzylic isonitriles, whereas their regioisomers, benzylic nitriles, are formed exclusively under phosphine ligand-free conditions. Mechanistic studies reveal that isonitrile is the primary product under both conditions, but it is isomerized into nitrile in the absence of ancillary phosphine ligands.

A copper-mediated, phenanthroline-directed highly ortho-selective C-H sulfenylation of phenols with diaryl disulfides proceeds to form the corresponding unsymmetrical diaryl sulfides in good yield. The key to success is the introduction of a phenanthroline directing group of the bidentate-chelating nature, which is easily attachable, detachable, and even recyclable. Moreover, the same strategy is applicable to the C-H selenation, giving the diaryl selenides with high efficiency and regioselectivity.