Search

The Nuclear Energy Agency’s High Priority Nuclear Data Request List is a compilation of the highest priority nuclear data requirements. The U-120M cyclotron of the Nuclear Physics Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences is a suitable tool for studies of several reactions from this list. In this paper, we present the measurements of the 7Be and 3H production in the lithium-7 after the irradiation with deuterons and the validation measurement for the 39Ar production in 39K after irradiation with neutrons .

The neutron flux-spectrum in a fusion device is frequently determined with activation foils and adjustment of a guess-spectrum in unfolding codes. Spectral-adjustment being a rather complex and uncertain procedure, we are carefully streamlining and evaluating it for upcoming experiments. Input nuclear cross-section data holds a vital position in this. This paper presents a survey of common dosimetry reactions and available data files relevant for fusion applications. While the IRDFF v1.05 library is the recommended source, many reactions of our interest are found missing in this. We investigated other standard sources: ENDF/B-VIII.0, EAF-2010, TENDL-2017, JENDL-4.0 etc. And, we analysed two experiments to ascertain the sensitivity of the spectral adjustment to the choice of nuclear data. One was performed with D-D (approx. 2.5 MeV peak) neutrons at the Joint European Torus (JET) machine and another with a white neutron field (approx. 33 MeV endpoint energy) at Nuclear Physics Institute (NPI) of Řež. Choice of cross-section source has affected the integral fluxes (20%) and individual group fluxes (

The proton, deuteron and alpha induced reactions are of a great interest for the assessment of induced radioactivity of accelerator components, targets and beam stoppers as well as isotope production for medicine and also to nuclear astrophysics. We present a new irradiation chamber for activation measurements, that forms a prolongation of long-term experimental activities using stacked-foil activation technique in NPI CAS, Řež. The chamber is based on an airlock system and is coupled to a pneumatic transfer system delivered by KIT Karlsruhe. This system is installed in GANIL/SPIRAL2-NFS and will be used for proton, deuteron and alpha particle activation measurements with long- and short-lived isotopes.

Neutron radiation detector for nuclear reactor applications plays an important role in getting information about the actual neutron yield and reactor environment. Such detector must be able to operate at high temperature (up to 600° C) and high neutron flux levels. It is worth nothing that a detector for industrial environment applications must have fast and stable response over considerable long period of use as well as high energy resolution. Silicon Carbide is one of the most attractive materials for neutron detection. Thanks to its outstanding properties, such as high displacement threshold energy (20-35 eV), wide band gap energy (3.27 eV) and high thermal conductivity (4.9 W/cm·K), SiC can operate in harsh environment (high temperature, high pressure and high radiation level) without additional cooling system. Our previous analyses reveal that SiC detectors, under irradiation and at elevated temperature, respond to neutrons showing consistent counting rates as function of external reverse bias voltages and radiation intensity. The counting-rate of the thermal neutron-induced peak increases with the area of the detector, and appears to be linear with respect to the reactor power. Diamond is another semi-conductor considered as one of most promising materials for radiation detection. Diamond possesses several advantages in comparison to other semiconductors such as a wider band gap (5.5 eV), higher threshold displacement energy (40-50 eV) and thermal conductivity (22 W/cm·K), which leads to low leakage current values and make it more radiation resistant that its competitors. A comparison is proposed between these two semiconductors for the ability and efficiency to detect fast neutrons. For this purpose the deuterium-tritium neutron generator of Technical University of Dresden with 14 MeV neutron output of 1010 n·s-1 is used. In the present work, we interpret the first measurements and results with both 4H-SiC and chemical vapor deposition (CVD) diamond detectors irradiated with 14 MeV neutrons at room temperature.

TU Dresden operates an accelerator-based intensive DT neutron generator. Experimental activities comprise investigation into material activation and decay, neutron and photon transport in matter and R&D work on radiation detectors for harsh environments. The intense DT neutron generator is capable to produce a maximum of 1012 n/s. The neutron source is a solid-type water-cooled tritium target based on a titanium matrix on a copper carrier. The neutron yield at a typical deuteron beam current of 1 mA is of the order of 1011 n/s in 4Π. A pneumatic sample transport system is available for short-time irradiations and connected to wo high-purity germanium detector spectrometers for the measurement of induced activities. The overall design of the experimental hall with the neutron generator allows a flexible setup of experiments including the possibility of investigating larger structures and cooled samples or samples at high temperatures.

Neutron and gamma flux measurements in designated positions in the test blanket modules (TBM) of ITER will be important tasks during ITER’s campaigns. As part of the ongoing task on development of nuclear instrumentation for application in European ITER TBMs, experimental investigations on self-powered detectors (SPD) are undertaken. This paper reports the findings of neutron and photon irradiation tests performed with a test SPD in flat sandwich-like geometry. Whereas both neutrons and gammas can be detected with appropriate optimization of geometries, materials and sizes of the components, the present sandwich-like design is more sensitive to gammas than 14 MeV neutrons. Range of SPD current signals achievable under TBM conditions are predicted based on the SPD sensitivities measured in this work.

The challenge for any nuclear data evaluation project is to periodically release a revised, fully consistent and complete library, with all needed data and covariances, and ensure that it is robust and reliable for a variety of applications. Within an evaluation effort, benchmarking activities play an important role in validating proposed libraries. The Joint Evaluated Fission and Fusion (JEFF) Project aims to provide such a nuclear data library, and thus, requires a coherent and efficient benchmarking process. The aim of this paper is to present the activities carried out by the new JEFF Benchmarking and Validation Working Group, and to describe the role of the NEA Data Bank in this context. The paper will also review the status of preliminary benchmarking for the next JEFF-3.3 candidate cross-section files.

The European approach for the development of nuclear data for fusion technology applications is presented. Related R&D activities are conducted by the Consortium on Nuclear Data Development and Analysis for Fusion to satisfy the nuclear data needs of the major projects including ITER, the Early Neutron Source (ENS) and DEMO. Recent achievements are presented in the area of nuclear data evaluations, benchmarking and validation, nuclear model improvements, and uncertainty assessments.

A neutronics benchmark experiment on a pure Copper block (dimensions 60 × 70 × 70 cm3) aimed at testing and validating the recent nuclear data libraries for fusion applications was performed in the frame of the European Fusion Program at the 14 MeV ENEA Frascati Neutron Generator (FNG). Reaction rates, neutron flux spectra and doses were measured using different experimental techniques (e.g. activation foils techniques, NE213 scintillator and thermoluminescent detectors). This paper first summarizes the analyses of the experiment carried-out using the MCNP5 Monte Carlo code and the European JEFF-3.2 library. Large discrepancies between calculation (C) and experiment (E) were found for the reaction rates both in the high and low neutron energy range. The analysis was complemented by sensitivity/uncertainty analyses (S/U) using the deterministic and Monte Carlo SUSD3D and MCSEN codes, respectively. The S/U analyses enabled to identify the cross sections and energy ranges which are mostly affecting the calculated responses. The largest discrepancy among the C/E values was observed for the thermal (capture) reactions indicating severe deficiencies in the 63,65Cu capture and elastic cross sections at lower rather than at high energy. Deterministic and MC codes produced similar results. The 14 MeV copper experiment and its analysis thus calls for a revision of the JEFF-3.2 copper cross section and covariance data evaluation. A new analysis of the experiment was performed with the MCNP5 code using the revised JEFF-3.3-T2 library released by NEA and a new, not yet distributed, revised JEFF-3.2 Cu evaluation produced by KIT. A noticeable improvement of the C/E results was obtained with both new libraries.

Numerous domains, in fundamental research as well as in applications, require the study of reactions induced by neutrons with energies from few MeV up to few tens of MeV. Reliable measurements also are necessary to improve the evaluated databases used by nuclear transport codes. This energy range covers a large number of topics like transmutation of nuclear waste, design of future fission and fusion reactors, nuclear medicine or test and development of new detectors. A new facility called Neutrons For Science (NFS) is being built for this purpose on the GANIL site at Caen (France). NFS is composed of a pulsed neutron beam for time-of-flight facility as well as irradiation stations for cross-section measurements. Neutrons will be produced by the interaction of deuteron and proton beams, delivered by the SPIRAL-2 linear accelerator, with thick or thin converters made of beryllium or lithium. Continuous and quasi-mono-energetic spectra will be available at NFS up to 40 MeV. In this fast energy region, the neutron flux is expected to be up to 2 orders of magnitude higher than at other existing time-of-flight facilities. In addition, irradiation stations for neutron-, proton- and deuteron-induced reactions will allow performing cross-section measurements by the activation technique. After a description of the facility and its characteristics, the experiments to be performed in the short and medium term will be presented.

Samples of lanthanum, erbium and titanium which are constituents of structural materials, insulating coatings and tritium breeder for blankets of fusion reactor designs have been irradiated in a fusion peak neutron field. The induced gamma activities were measured and the results were used to check calculations with the European activation system EASY-2010. Good agreement for the prediction of major contributors to the contact dose rate of the materials was found, but for minor contributors the calculation deviated up to 50%.

In this work we presented two types of 4H-SiC semiconductor detectors (D1 and D2) both based on ion implantation of 10B inside the aluminum metallic contact. The first detector shows a high leakage current after the implantation and low signal to noise ratio. However, improvements concerning the implantation parameters and the distance between the implanted 10B thermal neutron converter layer and the active pn-junction have led to low leakage current and thus to higher signal to noise ratio. This proves the strength of this new method of realizing sensitive SiC-based thermal neutron detectors.

We summarize some recent cross-section measurements using accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS). AMS represents an ultra-sensitive technique for measuring a limited, but steadily increasing number of longer-lived radionuclides. This method implies a two-step procedure with sample activation and subsequent AMS measurement. Applications include nuclear astrophysics, nuclear technology (nuclear fusion, nuclear fission and advanced reactor concepts and radiation dose estimations). A series of additional applications involves cosmogenic radionuclides in environmental, geological and extraterrestrial studies. There is a lack of information for a list of nuclides, as pointed out by nuclear data requests. An overview of some recent measurements is given and the method is illustrated for some specific neutron-induced reactions.

For pediatric patients with full-thickness burns, achieving adequate dermal regeneration is essential to prevent inelastic scars that may hinder growth. Traditional autologous split-thickness skin grafts alone often fail to restore the dermal layer adequately. This study evaluates the long-term effect of using a NovoSorb® Biodegradable Temporizing Matrix (BTM) as a dermal scaffold in four pediatric patients, promoting dermal formation before autografting. Pediatric burn patients treated at the University Children's Hospital Zurich between 2020 and 2022 underwent a two-step treatment involving NovoSorb® BTM application, followed by autografting. Histological analysis, conducted through 22 punch biopsies taken up to 2.6 years post-application, demonstrated robust dermal reorganization, with mature epidermal regeneration and stable dermo-epidermal connections. Immunofluorescence staining showed rapid capillary ingrowth, while extracellular matrix components, including collagen and elastic fibers, gradually aligned over time, mimicking normal skin structure. By 2.6 years, the dermal layer displayed characteristics close to uninjured skin, with remnants of NovoSorb® BTM degrading within five months post-application. This study suggests that NovoSorb® BTM facilitates elastic scar formation, offering significant benefits for pediatric patients by reducing functional limitations associated with inelastic scarring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A proposta do artigo é a de apresentar dados da pesquisa sobre o tema das Imagens e Significados em Educação Inclusiva desenvolvida pela autora, focalizando a arte e educação. Os participantes foram trinta professores e dez crianças com necessidades educativas especiais. Com os professores foi empregado um questionário e a técnica “cartas de quem gosta de escrever” Com as crianças foram coletados desenhos, em uma série de dez. O método empregado foi a Análise de Conteúdo, tendo sido definidas três categorias: registros da escola como tempos vividos; interação social e conhecimento; desenho, imaginação, criatividade e aprendizagem. Apesar do avanço que representa, assinala-se para a necessidade de problematizar mais a educação inclusiva na escola e na sociedade.

O presente estudo tem por objetivo lançar um olhar sobre a comunicação visual do livro didático e investigar seu papel mediador na relação entre a criança e o conhecimento. Para isso será apresentado um panorama sobre o histórico do livro didático, seu surgimento e transformações para buscar uma melhor compreensão da relevância do livro tanto no ambiente escolar quanto fora dele.

O presente artigo compreende a Educação Inclusiva focalizada na arte, educação e interação social apoiada nas contribuições de Vygotsky e seus seguidores. Assinala brevemente medidas legislativas existentes, aponta a aprendizagem relacionada ao desenvolvimento da criança, a contribuição da arte na educação e o desenho, elemento de estudo desta pesquisa, por onde é possível visualizar e acompanhar o processo de internalização. E, a importância da educação inclusiva no ensino, aprendizagem e desenvolvimento infantil.

O artigo propõe-se a apresentar dados da pesquisa sobre o tema das Imagens, Desenhos e Significados em Educação Inclusiva, desenvolvida pela autora. O direito ao ensino regular tem possibilitado às crianças com necessidades educativas especiais e aos professores envolvidos nesse processo a busca de capacitação em várias áreas do conhecimento, desenvolvendo funções cognitivas e sociais. O resultados assinalam para categorias de análise que relacionam aprendizagens, formação humana, interação social e aceitação de diferenças, relevantes em arte e educação inclusiva.

A proposta do artigo é a de apresentar aportes teóricos e dados da pesquisa sobre a inclusão em educação e sociedade.O desenho foi um dos instrumentos que permeou toda a coleta de dados. Os participantes foram 20 pessoas com necessidades educativas especiais,com idade entre 12 e 36 anos, independentemente do sexo e nível sócio-econô- mico cultural. Os dados foram coletados em 15 escolas públicas de Florianópolis, e em 2 ONGs,Na análise dos dados empregou-se o método da Análise de Conteúdo,bem como a análise de desenhos.O artigo focaliza interações entre a inclusão e a arte contemporânea, propondo-se a apresentar a arte e o ensino da arte como uma proposta viável em educação inclusiva.

O artigo apresenta dados da pesquisa sobre a inclusão sócio educativa. O direito ao ensino regular tem possibilitado às crianças com necessidades educativas especiais o desenvolvimento de funções cognitivas e a integração na sociedade. Ampliando-se para além dos muros da escola, investigamos em ONGs, museus e empresas. Os dados coletados incluem atividades com imagens no computador, desenhos feitos por portadores de síndrome de Down na ONG Amigo Down. A ONG proporciona atividdes sócio-inclusivas diárias e que as imagens permitem a identificação de significados nos participantes, relacionados com elementos do contexto e com a importÂncia da interação social.