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SprachwissenschaftlerInnen und DaF-ForscherInnen konfrontieren sich hier, auch kontrastiv, über diachronisch und synchronisch aufgefasste Themen wie Mehrsprachigkeit und Mehrsprachenlernen, Variabilität des Deutschen etc. Der zehnte Band enthält Beiträge zu folgenden Themen: -Fachkommunikationsforschung; -Das historische Wort und seine lexikologischen und lexikografischen Beschreibungsdimensionen; - Variabilität des Deutschen: Phonetik und Phonologie; - Der Beitrag der kleinen Sprachen zum Fortschritt der Linguistik; - Mehrsprachigkeit und Mehrsprachenlernen; - Linguistik und DaF: Deutsch und romanische Sprachen kontrastiv: Brückenschlag zwischen kontrastiv-typologischer Grammatikforschung und Fremdsprachendidaktik

Trypanosoma brucei is the causal infectious agent of African trypanosomiasis in humans and Nagana in livestock. Both diseases are currently treated with a small number of chemotherapeutics, which are hampered by a variety of limitations reaching from efficacy and toxicity complications to drug-resistance problems. Here, we explore the forward design of a new class of synthetic trypanocides based on nanostructured, core-shell DNA-lipid particles. In aqueous solution, the particles self-assemble into micelle-type structures consisting of a solvent-exposed, hydrophilic DNA shell and a hydrophobic lipid core. DNA-lipid nanoparticles have membrane-adhesive qualities and can permeabilize lipid membranes. We report the synthesis of DNA-cholesterol nanoparticles, which specifically subvert the membrane integrity of the T. brucei lysosome, killing the parasite with nanomolar potencies. Furthermore, we provide an example of the programmability of the nanoparticles. By functionalizing the DNA shell with a spliced leader (SL)-RNA-specific DNAzyme, we target a second trypanosome-specific pathway (dual-target approach). The DNAzyme provides a backup to counteract the recovery of compromised parasites, which reduces the risk of developing drug resistance.

Using data from readers’ comments to news articles from a national Danish newspaper, the article addresses the nature and function of hyperlinks as evidential practice in relation to xenophobic hate speech. Hyperlinks refer to the use of URL addresses to link to websites; hate speech is understood broadly as stigmatising discourse. Adopting a discursive approach to evidentiality that accounts for a range of phenomena including source of knowledge, participant roles, epistemic stance and interactional force, hate speech related hyperlinks and their evidential functions were identified. While not prevalent in number, hyperlinks serve to legitimise negative stances towards minority groups but also support counter speech targeting prejudicial views. Links can be used as part of processes of metaphorical shift and sarcasm as well as to provoke hate speech in comment threads. As URL addresses are frequently textual, they can have evidential functions independent of the material that they link to.

The assembly of high molecular mass ribonucleoprotein complexes typically relies on the binary interaction of defined RNA sequences or precisely folded RNA motifs with dedicated RNA-binding domains on the protein side. Here we describe a new molecular recognition principle of RNA molecules by a high molecular mass protein complex. By chemically probing the solvent accessibility of mitochondrial pre-mRNAs when bound to the Trypanosoma brucei editosome, we identified multiple similar but non-identical RNA motifs as editosome contact sites. However, by treating the different motifs as mathematical graph objects we demonstrate that they fit a consensus 2D-graph consisting of 4 vertices (V) and 3 edges (E) with a Laplacian eigenvalue of 0.5477 (λ2). We establish that synthetic 4V(3E)-RNAs are sufficient to compete for the editosomal pre-mRNA binding site and that they inhibit RNA editing in vitro. Furthermore, we demonstrate that only two topological indices are necessary to predict the binding of any RNA motif to the editosome with a high level of confidence. Our analysis corroborates that the editosome has adapted to the structural multiplicity of the mitochondrial mRNA folding space by recognizing a fuzzy continuum of RNA folds that fit a consensus graph descriptor.

Patientology traditionally signifies the scientific study of the patients through medical sociological and anthropological perspectives. The last decades have witnessed notable changes in the understanding of what it means to be a patient and what role patients play in healthcare processes, with the rise of concepts such as patient-centered care, patient empowerment, and patient participation. This article develops a reconceptualization of patientology, proposes a model hereof, and exemplifies its use through the application to an illustrative case. Our reconceptualization of patientology considers the patient as the central actor in a network of healthcare actors. Being a patient requires health capital that is comprised of health-relevant aspects of Bourdieusian forms of capitals: economic, social, and cultural capital. The patient role is constructed through the patient’s interaction with a range of healthcare actors such as health professionals, relatives, and other patients. The proposed model allows for understanding health inequalities as based on differences in (cultural) health capital, opening up new avenues of investigating and ameliorating patients’ challenges in health interactions. The model allows for a fresh take on the reciprocity of Parsons social sick role, allowing to clarify both how patients can contribute to their own health and healthcare and where and how health professionals ought to meet their patients.

Anhand der Konstruktion aus ach so + ADJ + SUBST (kurz: ach so-Konstruktion) veranschaulicht der Aufsatz die Herausforderungen und Moglichkeiten, die sich bei der Suche nach Hate Speech ergeben. Ein eigens fur das Projekt XPEROHS erstelltes Korpus, bestehend aus Facebook- und Twitter-Daten, ermoglicht unter anderem aufgrund seiner umfassenden Annotation eine genaue Suche nach verschiedenen Einheiten und Kombinationen wie auch eine quantitative Analyse. So zeigt sich fur die ach so-Konstruktion beispielsweise, dass auf ironisierende Weise vor allem allgemeine Gruppen wie Auslander*innen, Migrant*innen und Fluchtlinge ebenso wie spezifischere Gruppen wie Muslime bzw. Moslems, Palastinenser*innen, Kurd*innen oder Juden bzw. Judinnen verunglimpft werden und ihnen die in der Konstruktion verwendeten (positiven) Attribute abgesprochen werden, so z. B. die Friedlichkeit im Fall von die ach so friedlichen Muslime.

The present chapter, much like the previous one, comprises a series of short sections, each focusing on a particular aspect arising from the interview discussions. The analyses adopt predominantly thematic qualitative approaches embedded within various theoretical perspectives and are meant to explore the ways in which young people perceive hate speech and matters associated with it. Again, it should be noted that even though each section is based on a particular national setting, the overall argumentation is of relevance to other contexts and to the wider discussion of the specific phenomenon in focus.

Spektrum Nord: Vielfalt der Ziele, Inhalte und Methoden in der Landeskunde : Beitrage zur 3. Konferenz des Netzwerks Landeskunde Nord in Odense am 21./22. Januar 2016

Das Phanomen der Globalisierung betrifft in starkem Mase auch das wirtschaftliche Umfeld. Dies schlagt sich in der Zunahme internationaler Unternehmensaktivitaten nieder, sei es durch intensivierte Handelsverflechtungen, Produktionsverlagerungen oder internationale Unternehmenskonzentrationen. Dieser Beitrag widmet sich der Frage, inwieweit sich die Ausenhandelsstatistik zur Messung der Globalisierung eignet. Es wird aufgezeigt, welche Transaktionen die Ausenhandelsstatistik abbildet, wo ihre Ergebnisse aufgrund der Globalisierung unzureichend sind bzw. anders interpretiert werden sollten sowie welche weiteren statistischen Datenquellen zur Messung von Globalisierung herangezogen werden konnen.

This article discusses a type of prepositional construction that is highly characteristic for a group of East Franconian dialects, located in the south-eastern part of Germany. The construction expresses local relations and contrasts with the standard German construction as well as with the regional standard of this area. Based on spontaneous spoken dialect material, the article reveals an ongoing process of change: among young adults today not only the standard variant but also occasional hybrid formations are used as replacements for the original, the latter functioning as membership-markers to this dialectal community.

[Der findes ikke abstract til denne artikel]

Minimales Gewicht bei hochster Leistungsdichte ist traditionell eines der wichtigsten Kriterien fur Kleinmotoren in Motorsagen und Motorgeraten wie Heckenscheren, Freischneidern, Blasgeraten oder Trennschleifern, da der Anwender permanent das Gewicht des Gerates tragen muss. War Emissionsreduzierung in den letzten Jahrzehnten vor allem eine Frage der Reduzierung von Verbrauch und Geruchsbelastigung, so sind die Entwicklungen der zuruckliegenden Jahre vor allem dadurch gepragt, die Kohlenwasserstoffemissionen weiter zu reduzieren. Dabei wurden neben kleinen Viertaktmotoren eine Reihe neuer Zweitakttechnologien entwickelt. Um hierbei die erforderliche Auslegungsqualitat zu erreichen, werden moderne Motoren mit Modellversuchen sowie ein- und dreidimensionaler Stromungssimulation vorausgelegt.