Search

Copyright of Movement Disorders is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Hippocampal specimens resected to cure medically intractable temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) provide a unique possibility to study functional consequences of morphological alterations. One intriguing alteration predominantly observed in cases of hippocampal sclerosis is an uncommon network of granule cells monosynaptically interconnected via aberrant supragranular mossy fibers. We investigated whether granule cell populations in slices from sclerotic and nonsclerotic hippocampi would develop ictaform activity when challenged by low-frequency hilar stimulation in the presence of elevated extracellular potassium concentration (10 and 12 mM) and whether the experimental activity differs according to the presence of aberrant mossy fibers. We found that ictaform activity could be evoked in slices from sclerotic and nonsclerotic hippocampi (27 of 40 slices, 14 of 20 patients; and 11 of 22 slices, 6 of 12 patients, respectively). However, the two patient groups differed with respect to the pattern of ictaform discharges and the potassium concentration mandatory for its induction. Seizure-like events were already induced with 10 mM K+. They exclusively occurred in slices from sclerotic hippocampi, of which 80% displayed stimulus-induced oscillatory population responses (250-300 Hz). In slices from nonsclerotic hippocampi, atypical negative field potential shifts were predominantly evoked with 12 mM K+. In both groups, the ictaform activity was sensitive to ionotropic glutamate receptor antagonists and lowering of [Ca2+]o. Our results show that, in granule cell populations of hippocampal slices from TLE patients, high K+-induced seizure-like activity and ictal spiking coincide with basic electrophysiological abnormalities, hippocampal sclerosis, and mossy fiber sprouting, suggesting that network reorganization could play a crucial role in determining type and threshold of such activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Case Presentation Conclusions Rasmussen's encephalitis (RE) is a rare autoimmune encephalopathy typically manifesting in early childhood, causing unilateral autoimmune inflammation of the cerebral cortex, leading to progressive neurological deficits, notably focal epileptic seizures. The late‐onset variant of RE in adults progresses slower and presents atypical features. Despite extensive research, the etiology remains elusive, hindering accurate diagnosis and treatment options.We present a biopsy‐confirmed late‐onset variant of RE case in a 71‐year‐old man with a disease course of 12 years. After the initiation of intravenous immunoglobulin therapy and immunosuppressive treatment, disease stabilization was achieved, as evidenced by clinical assessments and imaging. Initially, the affected hemisphere swelled hyperacutely, followed by years of atrophic encephalopathy stabilizing into a residual state, with emerging focal disease signs in the contralateral hemisphere. Multimodal rehabilitation and immune therapy attenuated brain atrophy and reduced signal enhancement.Late‐onset variant of RE rehabilitation remains underdeveloped, focusing on symptom management and functional recovery post‐surgery. Longitudinal imaging is crucial for monitoring immune therapy response in clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Clinical parameters for prediction of post-stroke spasticity are well established. This report introduces 2 brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) parameters (infarct volume and topographic distribution) as post-stroke spasticity predictors., Methods: Topographic and volumetric data from brain MRI for 98 patients with ischaemic stroke with spasticity, prevalent within the first 5 days after stroke and 6 months after stroke, were retrospectively correlated using Chris Rorden's MRIcron software., Results: Lesions within the supply territory of the middle cerebral artery involving the pyramidal tract were more frequently associated with spasticity than without spasticity (30.8% vs 5.1%). Middle cerebral artery lesions not affecting the pyramidal tract were found more often in patients without spasticity (49.2% vs 10.3%). Spasticity showed a significantly higher association with middle cerebral artery+pyramidal tract/internal capsule lesions than did "no spasticity" (97.5% vs 18.7%, p < 0.01), and lesion volumes were significantly larger in patients with spasticity than in those without spasticity (p < 0.01)., Conclusion: Large stroke volumes might predict post-stroke spasticity if the lesion is > 3 cm3 in size and if the lesion is located within the middle cerebral artery territory with involvement of the pyramidal tract and/or internal capsule. Lesion size ≤ 2 cm3 outside the middle cerebral artery territory is associated with lower risk of post-stroke spasticity.