Search

Prime Minister Abe officially introduced the FOIP in 2016 at the TICAD VI in Kenya aiming to preserve the RBO against increasing challenges to the vital interests of Japan. Because of Myanmar's geostrategic location, democratization, and rich natural resources, Myanmar became an important country in fostering Japan's FOIP. In this context, this paper aims to examine Japan’s foreign policy towards Myanmar in the emerging Indo-Pacific era. This paper is mainly focused on Japan’s balancing strategy in Indo-Pacific, the significance of Myanmar in Japan’s FOIP, and the foreign policy tools of Japan in Myanmar. The paper finds that Japan rapproach Myanmar by using significant 3Ds (diplomatic engagement, defense cooperation, and development assistance) in the emerging Indo-Pacific era. Japan’s foreign policy readjustment towards Myanmar in the emerging Indo-Pacific era can be interpreted as one of Japan’s limited hard balancing strategies against China.

This article aims to examine the implications of China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) for Myanmar. BRI is an economic and strategic agenda of China. Because of its strategic geographical location, Myanmar becomes an important area of China in implementing its BRI projects. Beijing has raised the multi-level engagement in Myanmar such as economic and infrastructure cooperation; provide assist for the government’s peace process, and stand at Myanmar’s side in the international community. Therefore, BRI could have implications for Myanmar. This research answers the following questions: what are the implications of China’s Belt and Road Initiative for Myanmar; why Myanmar is important for China and how will Myanmar benefit from China’s BRI.

Objective: To describe how the Asian National Cancer Centers Alliance (ANCCA) members preserve high standards of care for cancer patients while battling the COVID-19 pandemic and to propose new strategies in the Asian Cancer Centers’ preparedness to future pandemics. Methods: A 41-question-based survey was developed using an online survey tool and conducted among 15 major Asian National Cancer Centers, including 13 ANCCA members. Direct interviews of several specialists were conducted subsequently to obtain additional answers to key questions that emerged during the survey analysis. Result: Institution/country-specific results provided a strong insight on the diverse ways of managing the pandemic around Asia, while maintaining well-balanced cancer care. Pragmatic strategies were put in place in each NCC hospital, including zoning and intensive triage depending on the pandemic impact. Distancing strategies and telemedicine were implemented in different capacity depending on the national healthcare system. In addition, there was a diverse impact on the manpower and financial aspect of cancer care across surveyed NCCs relating to magnitude of the pandemic impact on the country. Conclusion: The priorities nevertheless remain on maintaining cancer care delivery while protecting both patients and health care workers from the risk of COVID-19 infection. The role of a think-tank such as ANCCA to help share experiences in a timely manner can enhance preparedness in future pandemic scenarios.

Pyinbongyi village is located in Bago Township, Bago Region was chosen as the study area. It is situated at 16º 45’ N, 95º 34’ E and 25 km far from Northern East of Bago, East of the Yangon to Mandalay highway. The study was conducted from January 2018 to December 2018. Twenty eight species belonging to 22 genera and 16 families of 7 orders were recorded from the study area. Seventeen kinds of fishing gears recorded in the study area all year round., {"references":["Brandt, A.V. (1984) Fish catching methods of the world. Fishing. News Books Ltd. England.415 pp. Day, F (1978) The fishes of India being a natural history of the fishes known to inhabits the sea and freshwater of India, Burma and Ceylon, Vol I & II (reprint 1958), Today & Tomorrow Book Agency, New Delhi."]}

The study was conducted in Pyinbongyi Village, Bago Township to assess socio- economic status and fishery activities. There was 20 % of the households were randomly selected and interviewed in the study area. The results showed that average family size was 6 persons and 85.7 % of villagers were literate but 14.3 % were illiterate. There were many different livelihoods in the study area. The result showed that the main source of livelihood based on population was farmers that 15 % of villagers were farmers. The second and third highest livelihoods were cheroot maker and fishing which were represented 13.2 % and 6.5 % of villagers respectively. The result showed that 13.2 % of villagers especially many female were cheroot makers which was highest work force in the study area. There was 47.5 % of villagers were working in different kind of occupations and 52.5 % were students and dependents., {"references":["Day, F. (1978). The fishes of India being a natural history of the fishes known to inhabits the sea and freshwater of India, Burma and Ceylon, Vol I & II (reprint 1958). New Delhi: Today & Tomorrow Book Agency. Jayaram, K. C. M. (1981). The freshwater fishes India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Burma and Sri Lanka. Calcutta: Edited by the Director, Zoological Survey of India"]}

Late prehistoric archaeological research in Myanmar is in a phase of rapid expansion. Recent work by the Mission Archeologique Francaise au Myanmar aims to establish a reliable Neolithic to Iron Age culture-historical sequence, which can then be compared to surrounding regions of Southeast Asia. Excavations at Nyaung'gan and Oakaie in central Myanmar have provided 52 new AMS dates, which allow the creation of Myanmar's first reliable prehistoric radiometric chronology. They have also identified the Neolithic to Bronze Age transition in central Myanmar, which is of critical importance in understanding long-range interactions at the national, regional and inter-regional level. This research provides the first significant step towards placing late prehistoric Myanmar in its global context.

Objective. To compare the mean national enrollment rates of underrepresented minority (URM) students in a pharmacy school with mean rates in California pharmacy schools, and identify barriers faced by URM students during the application process. Methods. The American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy (AACP) enrollment data from 2005 to 2014 were used to compare the demographics of California pharmacy schools with the average enrollment of URM students in pharmacy schools nationally. A survey was administered to students in the 2017 and 2018 classes at Touro University California College of Pharmacy to identify common barriers that students faced in pursuing pharmacy education. Results. The average enrollment of URM in pharmacy programs nationally was 12.3% in 2005, compared to 12.4% in 2014. The average enrollment of URM in California pharmacy schools was 9.4% in 2005 compared to 8.5% in 2014. The top barriers to pursuing pharmacy education that students reported included the cost of tuition (43.4%), prerequisite requirements (36.9%), and obtaining letters of recommendation (32.3%). Conclusion. The average enrollment of URM students in pharmacy schools nationally has remained higher than that in California pharmacy schools across the years studied. California pharmacy programs should develop strategies to alleviate the barriers identified and further diversify pharmacy education.

In Myanmar, dengue fever (DF)/dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality among children. From Pyinmana Hospital in 2004 and Mandalay Children Hospital in 2006, 160 patients diagnosed clinically to have DHF/dengue shock syndrome (DSS) were examined for immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgG levels. A focus reduction neutralization test was also used to determine primary or secondary dengue virus (DENV) infection. By using IgM-capture ELISA, 139 cases were confirmed as DENV infections. Of these IgM-positives, 94 samples were collected 7-24 days from the onset of illness, to which 13 (14%) and 81 (86%) were determined to be primary and secondary DENV infections, respectively. The 13 primary DENV infection cases were spread among the various severity groups (DHF grade I-IV and DSS) and represented age groups ranging from

This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of Saccharomyces boulardii in acute diarrhea. One hundred hospitalized children in Myanmar (age range = 3 months to 10 years) were included. Fifty were treated with S. boulardii for five days in addition to oral rehydration solution (ORS) and 50 were given ORS alone (control group) in an alternating order. The mean duration of diarrhea was 3.08 days in the S. boulardii group and 4.68 days (P < 0.05) in the control group. Stools had a normal consistency on day 3 in 38 (76%) of 50 patients in the S. boulardii group compared with only 12 (24%) of 50 in the control group (P = 0.019). On day 2, 27 (54%) of 50 had less than three stools per day in the S. boulardii group compared with only 15 (30%) of 50 in the control group (P = 0.019). Saccharomyces boulardii shortens the duration of diarrhea and normalizes stool consistency and frequency. The shortening of the duration of diarrhea results in a social and economic benefits.

In Myanmar, dengue fever (DF)/dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality among children. From Pyinmana Hospital in 2004 and Mandalay Children Hospital in 2006, 160 patients diagnosed clinically to have DHF/dengue shock syndrome (DSS) were examined for immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgG levels. A focus reduction neutralization test was also used to determine primary or secondary dengue virus (DENV) infection. By using IgM-capture ELISA, 139 cases were confirmed as DENV infections. Of these IgM-positives, 94 samples were collected 7-24 days from the onset of illness, to which 13 (14%) and 81 (86%) were determined to be primary and secondary DENV infections, respectively. The 13 primary DENV infection cases were spread among the various severity groups (DHF grade I-IV and DSS) and represented age groups ranging from1 year of age to 9 years of age. The patients in these primary infection cases showed a remarkably high IgM with a low IgG titer response compared with the secondary infection cases. No significant differences were observed in IgG titers with clinical severity. The data obtained in this study suggest that primary DENV infection cases exist certainly among DHF/DSS cases in Myanmar, and that additional mechanism(s) aside from the antibody-dependent enhancement mechanism could have influenced the clinical severity in DHF/DSS cases.

This dissertation allows readers to have more understanding of the aforesaid issues and possible solutions to solve the problems. In addition, it covers supply chain software analysis in order to use the right software for business operations. This dissertation also discusses supply chain from various aspects which give readers an expended view of supply chain. Master of Science (Computer Integrated Manufacturing)