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Abstract Background Incorporating video as a tool for education offers a multitude of advantages. However, it is unknown what is the best educational tool to use for increasing public awareness, consequently reducing fear about root canal treatment. For this reason, this study aimed to compare the effectiveness of educational animation and leaflets as delivery methods for providing information on root canal treatment to patients and to assess their ability to retain the information. Methods One hundred fifty adult volunteers were recruited via social media and Umm Al-Qura University Dental Hospital to participate in this randomized control trial study. The volunteers were divided into the study group (SG) and the control group (CG). The SG was provided with information through animations created by the research team, while the CG received the same information through a leaflet. Pre-intervention (T1), immediate post-intervention (T2), and one-month post-intervention (T3) validated questionnaires were completed by the participants to assess the changes in their knowledge. To evaluate the impact of the information delivery method, the knowledge scores of T2 and T3 were compared to T1 within each group using Paired T-tests. Additionally, the study compared the knowledge scores of the two groups using unpaired T-tests. The significance level was set at a P-value of less than 0.05. Results A significant improvement in endodontic therapy knowledge among the participants in both groups (T1 compared to T2 in the same group) was noted (P

Surgically assisted rapid palatal expansion (SARPE) is a type of surgical intervention to correct a transverse maxillary deficiency in skeletally mature patients. Complications associated with SARPE can be divided into intraoperative complications such as hemorrhage, or postoperative complications that are associated with inadequate suture release. We present a case of a twenty-four year old female patient who reported a left-sided lingual anesthesia following the surgery. We hypothesized the cause to be related to peri-operative hematoma formation at the left maxillary region. Patient was managed conservatively, followed up periodically for three months and showed gradual improvement and complete recovery.

Oily wastewater is a major environmental issue resulting from different industrial and manufacturing activities. Contaminated water with oil represents a significant environmental hazard that can harm numerous life forms. Several methodologies have been tested for the removal of oily wastewater from aqueous solutions, and adsorption in a flow-through reactor is an effective mechanism to reduce these effluents. This study focuses on evaluating the ability of Fe3O4/Bent material to adsorb gasoline emulsion from a solution using a fixed-bed column, and it involves analyzing the resulting breakthrough curves. The FT-IR, SEM, EDX, and XRD techniques were used to characterize Fe3O4/Bent. Various ranges of variables were examined, including bed height (2–4 cm), flow rate (3–3.8 mL/min), and initial concentration (200–1000 mg/L), to determine their impacts on the mass transfer zone (MTZ) length and the adsorption capacity (qe). It was shown that a higher bed height and a lower flow rate contributed to a longer time of breakthrough and exhaustion. At the same time, it was noted that under high initial gasoline concentrations, the fixed-bed system rapidly reached breakthrough and exhaustion. Models like the Yoon–Nelson and Thomas kinetic column models were employed to predict the breakthrough curves. Thomas and Yoon–Nelson’s breakthrough models provided a good fit for the breakthrough curves with a correlation coefficient of R2 > 0.95. Furthermore, with a fixed-bed system, the Thomas and Yoon–Nelson models best describe the breakthrough curves for gasoline removal.

In order to address the limitation of low flux in ultrafiltration (UF), a suitable additive is introduced into the base polymer to modify the membrane morphology, thereby enhancing flux rates. In this study, chamomile leaf nanoparticles (Chm NPs) were investigated as a novel green material for utilizing in UF membrane synthesizes. To enhance comprehension of the influence of Chm on the synthesis of PES UF membranes, a series of membranes were fabricated by including different quantities of Chm into the casting solution; (0, 0.5, 1.5, and 2 wt. %.). The synthesized membranes were fully characterized, through the porosity, pore size, hydrophilicity, membrane morphology, and UF efficiency. Manufactured PES/Chm membranes demonstrated significantly increased permeate water flux (PWF) (up to 498 kg/m2 h), which was four times that of the pristine PES membrane (116 kg/m2 h), besides that the bovine serum albumin (BSA) and Congo red dye (CR) rejection of PES/Chm membranes was still kept high. The enhanced PWF was mostly due to the more porous membrane structure and increased hydrophilicity. Meanwhile, the higher surface hydrophilicity of the PES/Chm membranes resulted in greater antifouling performance and the high flux recovery ratio (FRR) of 93 %. Based on the results of this research, the Chm may be used as a novel green additive with substantial application potential in the fabrication of UF membranes wastewater treatment.

Background: Social media (SM) usage is on the rise among health professionals at all levels to align with the emerging digital and SM era. e-Professionalism is described as attitudes and actions that resemble traditional professionalism paradigms but are expressed through digital media. Although there are a number of studies conducted in the past several years measuring e-professionalism of medical and dental professionals, there is no validated scale to assess the level of e-professionalism among medical and dental professionals in Saudi Arabia. Therefore, this study aimed to assess attitudes toward e-professionalism among medical and dental professionals in Saudi Arabia using the SMePROF-S scale. Methods: This cross-sectional study recruited 338 medical and dental students and practitioners from 20 cities in Saudi Arabia to complete an online SMePROF-S self-reported questionnaire measuring attitudes about e-professionalism. Results: Among participants, 31.66% believed that it is acceptable to communicate with patients through SM, but only 16.86% agreed with communicating via personal SM account messaging. Many participants (35.80%–50%) fear that SM use can cause problems with getting hired, people making inaccurate assumptions and perceptions, and job losses. There were 31.36% who believed that sharing patient information without consent is acceptable. The majority (63.02%–63.31%) do not believe that medical/dental professionals should be barred from using SM, and 40.53% believe that schools/organizations have no right to interfere with their online activities. Only 22.19% believed that SM use removed professional protections from the public. A few statements were statistically different by specialty and gender. Conclusion: There is a variability of attitudes about e-professionalism among medical and dental professionals in Saudi Arabia, with some alarming issues requiring national guidelines to ensure patient rights, privacy, and confidentiality.

A newly developed water-soluble polymeric nano-additive termed “partially cross-linked nanoparticles graft copolymer (PCLNPG)'' has been successfully synthesized and harnessed as a pore former for modifying a polyethersulfone ultrafiltration membrane for dyes removal. The PCLNPG content was varied in the PES polymeric matrix aiming to scrutinize its impact on membrane surface characteristics, morphological structure, and overall performance. Proposed interaction mechanism between methylene blue (MB), methyle orange (MO), and malachite green (MG) dyes with PES membrane was presented as well. Hydrophilicity and porosity of the novel membrane increased by 18 and 17 %, respectively, when manufactured with a 3 Wt. % PCLNPG, according to the findings. Besides this, the disclosed increased porosity, rather than the hydrophilic properties of the water-soluble PCLNPG, was the principal cause of the diminished contact angle. Meanwhile, raising the PCLNPG content in the prepared membrane made worthy shifts in its structure. A sponge-like region was materialized near the bottom surface as well. The membrane's pure water flux (PWF) synthesized with 3 Wt.% PCLNPG recorded 628 LMH, which is estimated 3.95 fold the pristine membrane. MG, MB, and MO dyes were rejected by 90.6, 96.3, and 97.87 %, respectively. These findings showed that the performance characteristics of the PES/PCLNPG membrane make it a potentially advantageous option to treat the textile wastewater.

The preparation, modification and application of green polymers such as poly-lactic acid (PLA), chitosan (CS), and cellulose acetate (CA) for oily wastewater treatment is summed up in this review. Due to the low environmental pollution, good chemical resistivity, high hydrophobicity, and good capacity for water-oil emulsion separation of the presented polymers, it then highlights the various membrane production methods and their role in producing effective membranes, with a focus on recent advances in improving membrane properties through the addition of various Nano materials. As a result, the hydrophilic/hydrophobic properties that are critical in the oil separation mechanism are highlighted. Finally, it looks at the predictions and challenges in oil/water separation and recovery. These ideas are discussed with a focus on modern production methods and oil separation proficiency. HIGHLIGHTS Recently, eco-friendly membranes play an important role in the positive environmental impact and environmental conservation. This review provides insights into understand of eco-friendly membrane applications for water–oil processing, where nanofiltration and ultrafiltration eco-friendly membrane systems are mostly applied to the treatment of oily-wastewater effluent.;

الملخص: أهداف البحث: يقدم طب الأسنان الاتصالي رعاية صحية للأسنان عند تعذر زيارة عيادة الأسنان مثل أوقات جائحة كوفيد-١٩. هدف هذه الدراسة هو تقييم دقة طب الأسنان الاتصالي في تشخيص حالة المرضى مقارنة بتشخيص زيارة عيادة الأسنان التقليدية وتقييم الانطباعات والمعرفة والسلوك والتحديات لدى مرضى الأسنان عن طب الأسنان الاتصالي، خلال جائحة كوفيد-١٩ في المملكة العربية السعودية. طرق البحث: تم استخدام دراسة عشوائية محكمة متوازية ومعمية لجهة واحدة. تم توزيع 70 مشارك بشكل عشوائي إلى مجموعتين: مجموعة التجربة ومجموعة ضابطة. خضعت مجموعة التجربة إلى التشخيص عن طريق طب الأسنان الاتصالي، في حين كانت المجموعة الضابطة في فترة الانتظار. تم مقارنة نتائج تشخيص مجموعة التجربة بنتائج تشخيصهم السريرية الأولية في ملفات مستشفى الأسنان. بعد انتهاء التجربة أجاب جميع المشاركين من المجموعتين على أسئلة استبانة الدراسة. النتائج: لا توجد فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية بين المجموعتين في المعرفة والسلوك تجاه طب الأسنان الاتصالي، ولكن حصلت مجموعة التجربة على تجربة إيجابية أعلى مقارنة بالمجموعة الضابطة. بلغت دقة تشخيص مجموعة التجربة باستخدام طب الأسنان الاتصال مقارنة بنتائج التشخيص السريري الأولي على النحو التالي: 74.3% بالنسبة للشكوى الأساسية، و74.3% بالنسبة لعدد الأسنان المفقودة، و 71.4% للأسنان المعالجة بالحشوات، و 65.7% لحالة نظافة الفم. بلغت دقة التشخيص 51.4% للمشاكل الصحية، و 40% بالنسبة لتشخيص تسوس الأسنان. عند استخدام طب الأسنان الاتصالي تم تشخيص عدد أكبر في الأسنان المصابة بالتسوس، وعدد أكبر في مؤشر الأسنان المتحللة والمفقودة والممتلئة بفارق ذو دلالة إحصائية، عند مقارنتها بنتائج التشخيص السريري الأولي. الاستنتاجات: يحظى طب الأسنان الاتصالي بقبول واسع بين مرضى الأسنان ويمكن أن يستعمل بشكل فعال لفحص الأسنان بشكل مبدئي، خصوصا خلال فترات الحجر الصحي خلال الأوبئة، لكن يجب أن يتبعه فحص سريري في العيادة للحصول على تشخيص اكثر دقة. Abstract: Objective: Teledentistry conveniently delivers dental care when in-person visits are restricted, such as during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to assess Saudi Arabian patients’ accuracy, perceptions, knowledge, attitudes, and challenges regarding teledentistry used for diagnosis during the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as its accuracy, versus traditional dental visits. Methods: A single-blind, parallel-group randomised controlled trial design was used. The 70 participants were randomised equally into study and control groups. While the control group waited, the study group received teledentistry diagnoses which were compared with baseline clinical examinations retrieved from the UQU dental hospital, Makkah, KSA. After the intervention was completed, all participants answered a questionnaire. Results: There were no significant differences between the groups in knowledge or attitudes regarding teledentistry. However, study group participants had more favourable experiences with teledentistry. They reported good accuracy with diagnosis and recording of their chief complaints (74.3%), number of missing teeth (74.3%), number of filled teeth (71.4%), and oral hygiene status (65.7%). Additionally, moderate accuracy was reported on recording of health complaints (51.4%) and number of decayed teeth (40.?%). The number of decayed teeth and the decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMF) index scores reported using teledentistry were significantly (p

The image of the tolerant religion of Islam has been distorted by extremists in the last two decades in many ways, such as luring teenagers into terrorist acts. Nowadays, millions of users socialize and share ideas using social media platforms such as Twitter. Typically, the ideas shared on Twitter (tweets) reach and influence many people who could simply retweet them and make them even spread faster. Unfortunately, some of these ideas are posted by extremists who share hateful Arabic content. Thus, it is very important to automate the process of controlling and monitoring hateful Arabic tweets, given that Arabic is the most widely used language in the Islamic world. In this paper, we provide a manually labeled and curated dataset of 3,000 Arabic tweets that contain hateful and non-hateful tweets. To automate the process of detecting hateful tweets, we utilize advanced Machine Learning (ML) techniques and perform sentiment analysis to capture the meaning of the Arabic words in a proper word embedding (Word2Vec). Also, we used the proposed model to classify and analyze 100,000 tweets of the last decade. The outcome of this work promotes future research on analyzing Arabic hateful speech by providing a manually labeled Arabic dataset, and the trained model (achieved 92% accuracy) which can be used as an underlying tool by governments, Internet service providers, and social media applications to detect any inflammatory tweets before they spread to a wider audience.

Software engineering, a fairly recent engineering discipline, is still evolving without a wide consensus on a body of fundamental principles as in traditional engineering fields with their own long-established principles originating from physics, chemistry and mathematics. This paper reports on a systematic mapping study (SMS) that identified 30 papers and books from 1969 to January 2020, each proposing their own sets of software engineering principles (SEP). Within these studies a total of 592 SEP were proposed, these studies were reviewed and classified on the basis of four mapping questions examining publication trends, use of explicit criteria for the proposed SEP, whether authors clearly described a methodology to come up with the proposed SEP, and the applicability of SEP throughout the development process. The key finding in this study are: a) the majority of the studies were published over two decades from 1989 to 2009, and then the publication rate slowed in the following decade; b) the largest number of SEP, by far, was proposed by Davis; c) only six studies used explicit criteria to identify their proposed SEP, and the other 24 studies identified their principles based on their own analysis without traceability to a methodology or selection criteria; d) most authors did not identify which principles to use in specific contexts of the software engineering domain; e) only two studies used some of the proposed SEP throughout the software development process.

In this research, the traditional version of the phase inversion method was used to fabricate a flat sheet of a blended membrane. The method was involved using a polymer that blends polyether sulfone (PES) varied proportions (0,3,4 and 5 wt.%), and polyphenyl sulfone (PPSU) was 20wt%. It was found that with the addition of PES, the membrane properties increased, the best properties were with 4%wt. The ratio was chosen PES 4wt% to study the effect of time, temperature, and pressure on the rejection of heavy and radioactive elements. The increase in the porosity was with the addition of 4% PES. The rejection of heavy and radioactive elements for thUF membrane increases with increasing of the operating pressure and time. While by increasing the temperature, the rejection of heavy and radioactive elements for thUF membrane decreased. The rejection of K, Th, and Pb are higher than other elements, the order of the rejection is K˃Th˃Pb˃U˃Cd˃Zn˃Cu>Ni.

Abstract Currently, the customer's demands have expressively amplified their expectations of getting software at a high‐quality level. However, the non‐functional requirements of the software products attention have been expanded in both the academic and the industrial fields; so, there is no framework for specifying and measuring such kinds of quality constraints for the security requirements of software product quality. This paper presents an integrated framework of the early specification and measurement of the functional and non‐functional software security requirements. Such a measurement framework would help software and systems engineers to improve product qualities whether the software has already been delivered or has yet to be built. The main steps that have been followed include: identify, specify and measure the software security requirements based on ISO/IEC SQuaRE series of international standards for software product quality. A standard measurement framework used to measure the functional size of the software product quality to develop a functional size measurement of the functional and non‐functional security requirements is described. As a result, a functional size measurement framework of the functional and non‐functional security requirements (SPQNFSR) using international standards is proposed. An automatic teller machine case study for the measurement of security requirements based on perspectives of a software functional user requirements is presented. Finally, it is concluded that it is essential to develop such a functional size measurement framework for functional and non‐functional security requirements to support developers to face the challenges derived from early dealing with such requirements.

In this work, MXene as a hydrophilic 2D nanosheet has been suggested to tailor the polyphenylsulfone (PPSU) flat sheet membrane characteristics via bulk modification. The amount of MXene varied in the PPSU casting solution from 0–1.5 wt.%, while a series of characterization tools have been employed to detect the surface characteristics changes. This included atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), contact angle, pore size and porosity, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Results disclosed that the MXene content could significantly influence some of the membranes’ surface characteristics while no effect was seen on others. The optimal MXene content was found to be 0.6 wt.%, as revealed by the experimental work. The roughness parameters of the 0.6 wt.% nanocomposite membrane were notably enhanced, while greater hydrophilicity has been imparted compared to the nascent PPSU membrane. This witnessed enhancement in the surface characteristics of the nanocomposite was indeed reflected in their performance. A triple enhancement in the pure water flux was witnessed without compromising the retention of the membranes against the Cu2+, Cd2+ and Pd2+ feed. In parallel, high, and comparable separation rates (>92%) were achieved by all membranes regardless of the MXene content. In addition, promising antifouling features were observed with the nanocomposite membranes, disclosing that these nanocomposite membranes could offer a promising potential to treat heavy metals-containing wastewater for various applications.

This study aimed to investigate the preparation and application of a green chemical (i.e., dimethyl carbonate (DMC)) as an anti-knocking agent for gasoline. Another objective was to study the usage of wastes of eggs as a heterogeneous catalyst in the process. Results of Brunauer–Emmett–Teller method showed that both the surface area and pore volume of calcined eggshell and pure CaO were of the same order. Results showed that calcined eggshell and pure CaO have almost the same X-ray diffraction images confirming the suitability of eggshell wastes as a heterogeneous catalyst for the preparation of DMC. SEM analysis revealed that the morphology of the CaO nano-particles are spherical shape for the Nanoparticles (NPs) and CaO was determined to be ∼63 nm in size. FTIR (Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy) spectra of reaction mixture proved the presence of dimethyl carbamate in the resulting sample. Experimental results indicated that optimum operating parameters for an 80.4% yield of DMC were 9:1 ratio of methanol-to propylene carbonate, 0.8 wt% catalyst, and 2 h of operating time. The blending of DMC with pool gasoline showed a noticeable increase in the octane number compared with other conventional toxic additives. Keywords: Green chemicals, Eggshell wastes, Pool gasoline, Selective additive, Anti-knocking characteristics

Background: In practice, the developers focus is on early identification of the functional requirements (FR) allocated to software, while the system non-functional requirements (NFRs) are left to be specified and detailed much later in the development lifecycle. Aim: A standards-based model of system performance NFRs for early identification and measurement of FR-related performance of software functions. Method: 1) Analysis of performance NFR in IEEE and ECSS standards and the modeling of the identified system/software performance functions using Softgoal Interdependency Graphs. 2) Application of the COSMIC-FSM method (e.g., ISO 19761) to measure the functional size of the performance requirements allocated to software functions. 3) Use of the COSMIC-SOA guideline to tailor this framework to service-oriented architecture (SOA) for performance requirements specification and measurement. 4) Illustration of the applicability of the proposed approach for specification and measurement of system performance NFR allocated to the software for an automated teller machine (ATM) in an SOA context. Result: A standards-based framework for identifying, specifying and measuring NFR system performance of software functions. Conclusion: Such a standards-based system performance reference framework at the function and service levels can be used early in the lifecycle by software developers to identify, specify and measure performance NFR.

In the current work, a Gum, Arabic-modified Graphene (GGA), has been synthesized via a facile green method and employed for the first time as an additive for enhancement of the PPSU ultrafiltration membrane properties. A series of PPSU membranes containing very low (0–0.25) wt.% GGA were prepared, and their chemical structure and morphology were comprehensively investigated through atomic force microscopy (AFM), Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). Besides, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was harnessed to measure thermal characteristics, while surface hydrophilicity was determined by the contact angle. The PPSU-GGA membrane performance was assessed through volumetric flux, solute flux, and retention of sodium alginate solution as an organic polysaccharide model. Results demonstrated that GGA structure had been successfully synthesized as confirmed XRD patterns. Besides, all membranes prepared using low GGA content could impart enhanced hydrophilic nature and permeation characteristics compared to pristine PPSU membranes. Moreover, greater thermal stability, surface roughness, and a noticeable decline in the mean pore size of the membrane were obtained.

Among many contaminants in wastewater, organic phenol compounds presented a major concern to endanger the water resources safety. In the present study, blend nanofiltration (NF) membranes comprising polyphenylsulfone (PPSU) and polyethersulfone (PES) were prepared via the non-induced phase separation and their performance was examined against 4-Nitrophenol (4-NP). The PES ratio in the dope solution was varied from 6 to 9 wt.% to probe the impact of PES on the retention and permeation characteristics of the final membranes. A series of experimental tools were employed to estimate the characteristics of the membranes, including surface and cross-section, hydrophilicity, pore size and pore size distribution. Performance evaluation of the NF membranes was conducted considering two operational variables; pH and initial feed solution. About 99% removal of 4-NP along with 6.2 L/m2·h·bar was achieved at the optimum operating conditions as revealed by optimization and mathematical modelling.

The present work reports the performance of three types of polyethersulfone (PES) membrane in the removal of highly polluting and toxic lead Pb2+ and cadmium Cd2+ ions from a single salt. This study investigated the effect of operating variables, including pH, types of PES membrane, and feed concentration, on the separation process. The transport parameters and mass transfer coefficient (k) of the membranes were estimated using the combined film theory-solution-diffusion (CFSD), combined film theory-Spiegler-Kedem (CFSK), and combined film theory-finely-porous (CFFP) membrane transport models. Various parameters were used to estimate the enrichment factors, concentration polarization modulus, and Péclet number. The pH values significantly affected the permeation flux of the Pb2+ solution but only had a slight effect on the Cd2+ solution. However, Cd2+ rejection was highly improved by increasing the pH value. The rejection of the PES membranes increased greatly as the heavy metal concentration rose, while the heavy metal concentration moderately affected the permeation flux. The maximum rejection of Pb2+ in a single-salt solution was 99%, 97.5%, and 98% for a feed solution containing 10 mg Pb/L at pH 6, 6.2, and 5.7, for PES1, PES2, and PES3, respectively. The maximum rejection of Cd2+ in single-salt solutions was 78%, 50.2%, and 44% for a feed solution containing 10 mg Cd/L at pH 6.5, 6.2, and 6.5, for PES1, PES2, and PES3, respectively. The analysis of the experimental data using the CFSD, CFSK, and CFFP models showed a good agreement between the theoretical and experimental results. The effective membrane thickness and active skin layer thickness were evaluated using the CFFP model, indicating that the Péclet number is important for determining the mechanism of separation by diffusion.

This study investigated the impact of implanting TiO2-NPs within a membrane to minimize the influence of long-term operation on the membrane characteristics. Four poly vinyle chloride-titanium oxide (PVC-TiO2-NPs) membranes were prepared to create an ultrafiltration membrane (UF) that would effectively treat actual refinery wastewater. The hypothesis of this work was that TiO2-NPs would function as a hydrophilic modification of the PVC membrane and excellent self-cleaning material, which in turn would greatly extend the membrane’s lifetime. The membranes were characterized via Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), atomic force microscope (AFM), and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The removal efficiency of turbidity, total suspended solid (TSS), oil and grease, heavy metals and chemical oxygen demand (COD) were investigated. Contact angle (CA) reduced by 12.7% and 27.5% on the top and bottom surfaces, respectively. The PVC membrane with TiO2-NPs had larger mean pore size on its surface and more holes with larger size inside the membrane structure. The addition of TiO2-NPs could remarkably enhance the antifouling property of the PVC membrane. The pure water permeability (PWP) of the membrane was enhanced by 95.3% with an increase of TiO2 to 1.5 gm/100gm. The PWP after backwashing was reduced from 22.3% for PVC to 10.1% with 1.5 gm TiO2-NPs. The long-term performance was improved from five days for PVC to 23 d with an increase in TiO2-NPs to 1.5 gm. The improvements of PVC-TiO2-NPs long-term were related to the enhancement of the hydrophilic character of the membrane and increase tensile strength due to the reinforcement effect of TiO2-NPs. These results clearly identify the impact of the TiO2-NPs content on the long-term PVC/TiO2-NPs performance and confirm our hypothesis that it is possible to use TiO2-NPs to effectively enhance the lifetime of membranes during their long-term operation.

In this work, a flat-sheet blend membrane was fabricated by a traditional phase inversion method, using the polymer blends poly phenyl sulfone (PPSU) and polyether sulfone (PES) for the ultrafiltration (UF) application. It was hypothesized that adding PES to the PPSU polymer blend would improve the properties of the PPSU membrane. The effect of the PES concentration on the blend membrane properties was investigated extensively. The characteristics of PPSU-PES blend membranes were investigated using atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), contact angle measure, and contaminant (dye) elimination efficiency. This study showed that PES clearly affected the structural formation of the blended membranes. A considerable increase in the average roughness (about 93%) was observed with the addition of 4% PES, with a higher mean pore size accompanied by a rise in the pores’ density on the surface of the membrane. The addition of up to 4% PES had a significant influence on the hydrophilic character of the PPSU-PES membrane, by lowering the value of the contact angle (CA) (i.e., to 56.9°). The performance of the PPSU-PES composite membranes’ UF performance was systematically investigated, and the membrane pure water permeability (PWP) was enhanced by 25% with the addition of 4% PES. The best separation removal factor achieved in the current investigation for dye (Drupel Black NT) was 96.62% for a PPSU-PES (16:4 wt./wt.%) membrane with a 50% feed dye concentration.

The inhibition behavior of Dimethylethanolamin (DMEA) on corrosion 7613 Aluminum alloy in 0.6 M NaCl solution have been investigated using weight loss, polarization techniques .Five different concentrations (2*10-3, 4*10-3, 6*10-3 , 8*10-3 and 10*10-3) M of (DMEA) were studded at 250 C. Also examine of temperature effect (25, 35, 45)0 C on the inhibitor efficiency .The results indicated that the inhibition occurs by absorption of inhibitor molecules on the metal surface. The inhibition efficiency (I %) was found to increase with increasing inhibitor concentration and decreasing with increasing temperature. For inhibitor concentration close to (8*10-3 M) maximum inhibition efficiency obtained was 92 %. Above this inhibitor concentration value in the solution the inhibitor efficiency decreases. Polarization measurements showed that the DMEA act as a mixed type inhibitor. The corrosion potential (Ecorr.) values shifted to less negative values by increasing the concentration of DMEA in the solution up to (8*10-3 M). Adsorption of DMEA on the surface of Aluminum is found to obey the Langmuir isotherm

Oily wastewater is a major environmental issue resulting from different industrial and manufacturing activities. Contaminated water with oil represents a significant environmental hazard that can harm numerous life forms. Several methodologies have been tested for the removal of oily wastewater from aqueous solutions, and adsorption in a flow-through reactor is an effective mechanism to reduce these effluents. This study focuses on evaluating the ability of Fe3O4/Bent material to adsorb gasoline emulsion from a solution using a fixed-bed column, and it involves analyzing the resulting breakthrough curves. The FT-IR, SEM, EDX, and XRD techniques were used to characterize Fe3O4/Bent. Various ranges of variables were examined, including bed height (2–4 cm), flow rate (3–3.8 mL/min), and initial concentration (200–1000 mg/L), to determine their impacts on the mass transfer zone (MTZ) length and the adsorption capacity (qe). It was shown that a higher bed height and a lower flow rate contributed to a longer time of breakthrough and exhaustion. At the same time, it was noted that under high initial gasoline concentrations, the fixed-bed system rapidly reached breakthrough and exhaustion. Models like the Yoon–Nelson and Thomas kinetic column models were employed to predict the breakthrough curves. Thomas and Yoon–Nelson's breakthrough models provided a good fit for the breakthrough curves with a correlation coefficient of R2 > 0.95. Furthermore, with a fixed-bed system, the Thomas and Yoon–Nelson models best describe the breakthrough curves for gasoline removal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]