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Öz: Punicacae ailesinin bir üyesi olan nar, Punica granatum L., tıpkı pek çok diğer bitki gibi antik çağdan günümüze kadar ulaşan, tıbbi amaçlı olarak kullanıldığı bilinen, yenilebilir bir meyvedir. Narın kökleri, çiçeği, meyvesi, kabuğu, aril (çekirdek) ve diğer kısımları sağlık sektöründe aktif olarak kullanılmaktadır. Bu güncel çalışmanın amacı geçmişten günümüze fonksiyonel besin olarak tüketilebilen narın sağlığa olan etkilerinin farklı alt başlıklarda değerlendirilmesidir. Nar ve yan ürünleri anti-bakteriyel, anti-oksidan, anti-kanser, anti-obezite, anti-nörodejeneratif, anti-aterosklerotik, yara iyileşmesi gibi pek çok alanda kullanılmakta ve her geçen gün narın tıbbi kullanımına olan ilgi artmaktadır. Nar meyvesine bu fonksiyonelliği veren içindeki flavonoidler, polifenoller, ellajitaninler (gallik asit, ellajik asit, punikalin, punikalagin, luteolin, kuersetin, kamferol, glikosid, pedunkulagin) gibi fenolik maddelerdir. Bu maddeler sayesinde nar, kan glikoz düzeyini azaltma, kanser hücrelerinde apoptozisi arttırma, LDL ve total kolesterol gibi bazı kan yağları düzeylerini ve bel çevresini azaltma, nöroinflamasyonu azaltma ve oksidatif stresi azaltarak antioksidan etkiyi arttırma gibi etkilere sahiptir. Narda bulunan aktif maddelerin ilaç etkileşimlerine neden olup olmadığı halen tartışmalıdır. Nar ve türevlerinin özellikle anjiyotensin dönüştürücü enzimi (ACE) inhibe eden ilaçlar, antihipertansifler, karbamazepin, CYP 2D6 substratları, varfarin, rosuvastatin ve tolbutamit ile etkileşime girebileceği bilinmeli ve dikkatli olunmalıdır. Narın farklı kısımlarının içinde bulunan punikalagin ve punikalin başta olmak üzere bazı biyoaktif maddeler narın bu denli eşsiz olmasını sağlayan temel faktörlerdir. Bu maddelerin meyveye kazandırdığı fonksiyonlar sayesinde nar, sağlığın korunması ve sürdürülmesinde etkin rol oynamaktadır. Günlük beslenme örüntüsünde nara yer verilmesi önerilmektedir., Pomegranate, Punica granatum L., a member of the Punicacae family, is an edible fruit known to be used for medicinal purposes from ancient times to the present day, just like many other plants. The roots, flowers, fruit, bark, aril (seed), and other parts of the pomegranate are actively used in the health sector. The aim of this current study is to evaluate the health effects of pomegranate, which can be consumed as a functional food from past to present, under different subtitles. Pomegranate and its by-products are used in many areas such as anti-bacterial, anti-oxidant, anti-cancer, anti-obesity, anti-neurodegenerative, anti-atherosclerotic, wound healing, and the interest in the medical use of pomegranate is increasing day by day. The phenolic substances such as flavonoids, polyphenols, ellagitannins (gallic acid, ellagic acid, punicalin, punicalagin, luteolin, quercetin, kaempferol, glycoside, pedunculagin) give this functionality to the pomegranate fruit. Thanks to these substances, pomegranate has effects such as reducing blood glucose levels, increasing apoptosis in cancer cells, reducing the levels of some blood fats such as LDL and total cholesterol and waist circumference, reducing neuroinflammation, and increasing the antioxidant effect by reducing oxidative stress. It is still controversial whether the active substances in pomegranate cause drug interactions. It should be known that pomegranate and its derivatives may interact with drugs that inhibit angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), antihypertensives, carbamazepine, CYP 2D6 substrates, warfarin, rosuvastatin, and tolbutamide, and care should be taken. Some bioactive substances, especially punicalagin and punicalin, found in different parts of the pomegranate, are the main factors that make the pomegranate so unique. Owing to the functions these substances bring to the fruit, pomegranate plays an active role in the protection and maintenance of health. It is recommended to include pomegranate in the daily diet.

Aim: This study aimed to assess the effects of different kinds of diet, which were similar in total energy density but different in carbohydrate and fats, on some blood parameters in type 2 diabetics. Materials and Methods: In this study, 33 type 2 diabetics, participants were offered two different kinds of lunches within 7 days intervals. Venous blood samples were collected from the participants half an hour before and after the consumption of these meals (0-180 minutes). Blood parameters such as glucose, insulin, low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C), and triglyceride were analyzed through blood samples.Results: There was no significance between the values of the change in blood glucose before and after their consumption of the standard meal and etli ekmek. After the consumption of the etli ekmek difference between the participants’ mean insulin level values at 60 and 90 minutes was lower than the standard meal. The values under the curve (AUC) were found to be significant (p, Amaç: Bu çalışma, tip 2 diyabetlilerde t enerji yoğunluğu bakımından benzer, karbonhidrat ve yağ bakımından farklı olan farklı diyet türlerinin bazı kan parametreleri üzerindeki etkilerini değerlendirmeyi amaçlamıştır.Gereç ve Yöntemler: 33 tip 2 diyabet hastasının yer aldığı bu çalışmada, katılımcılara 7 gün arayla iki farklı çeşit öğle yemeği sunulmuştur. Katılımcılardan bu öğünlerin tüketilmesinden yarım saat önce ve sonra (0-180 dakika) venöz kan örnekleri alınmıştır. Glikoz, insülin, düşük yoğunluklu lipoprotein (LDL-C), yüksek yoğunluklu lipoprotein (HDL-C) ve trigliserit gibi kan parametreleri kan örnekleri aracılığıyla analiz edilmiştir.Bulgular: Standart öğün ve etli ekmek tüketimi öncesi ve sonrası kan şekeri değişim değerleri arasında fark bulunmamıştır. Ayrıca, test öğününün tüketilmesinden sonra, katılımcıların 60 ve 90 dakikadaki ortalama insülin düzeyi değerleri arasındaki fark, standart öğünden daha düşük bulunmuş ve eğrinin altındaki alan anlamlı bulunmuştur (p0.05).Sonuç: Literatürdeki diğer araştırmalarda olduğu gibi, karbonhidrat oranı yüksek gıdalarla karşılaştırıldığında, yağ oranı yüksek gıdalar daha geç glisemik etkilere sahiptir. Geleneksel ve yaygın olarak tüketilen besinlerin diyabetiklerin kan parametreleri üzerine etkisi konusunda daha detaylı çalışmaların yapılması gerekmektedir.

Cancer is one of the most common causes of death all over the World (Rahib et al. in Cancer Res 74(11):2913-2921, 2014; Silbermann et al. in Ann Oncol 23(Suppl 3):iii15-iii28, 2012). It is crucial to diagnose this disease early by effective screening methods and also it is very important to acknowledge the community on various aspects of this disease such as the treatment methods and palliative care. Not only the oncologists but every medical doctor should be educated well in dealing with cancer patients. Previous studies suggested various opinions on the level of oncology education in medical schools (Pavlidis et al. in Ann Oncol 16(5):840-841, 2005). In this study, the perspectives of medical students on cancer, its treatment, palliative care, and the oncologists were analyzed in relation to their educational status. A multicenter survey analysis was performed on a total of 4224 medical school students that accepted to enter this study in Turkey. After the questions about the demographical characteristics of the students, their perspectives on the definition, diagnosis, screening, and treatment methods of cancer and their way of understanding metastatic disease as well as palliative care were analyzed. The questionnaire includes questions with answers and a scoring system of Likert type 5 (absolutely disagree = 1, completely agree = 5). In the last part of the questionnaire, there were some words to detect what the words "cancer" and "oncologist" meant for the students. The participant students were analyzed in two study groups; "group 1" (n = 1.255) were phases I and II students that had never attended an oncology lesson, and "group 2" (n = 2.969) were phases III to VI students that had attended oncology lessons in the medical school. SPSS v17 was used for the database and statistical analyses. A value of p < 0.05 was noted as statistically significant. Group 1 defined cancer as a contagious disease (p = 0.00025), they believed that early diagnosis was never possible (p = 0.042), all people with a diagnosis of cancer would certainly die (p = 0.044), and chemotherapy was not successful in a metastatic disease (p = 0.003) as compared to group 2. The rate of the students that believed gastric cancer screening was a part of the national screening policy was significantly more in group 1 than in group 2 (p = 0.00014). Group 2 had a higher anxiety level for themselves or their family members to become a cancer patient. Most of the students in both groups defined medical oncologists as warriors (57% in group 1 and 40% in group 2; p = 0.097), and cancer was reminding them of "death" (54% in group 1 and 48% in group 2; p = 0.102). This study suggested that oncology education was useful for the students' understanding of cancer and related issues; however, the level of oncology education should be improved in medical schools in Turkey. This would be helpful for medical doctors to cope with many aspects of cancer as a major health care problem in this country. C1 [Oktay, Esin; Turan, Merve; Barutca, Sabri] Adnan Menderes Univ, Dept Med Oncol, Fac Med, Aydin, Turkey. [Levent, Mustafa] Sitki Kocman Univ, Dept Internal Med, Fac Med, Mugla, Turkey. [Gelincik, Hakan; Aktas, Gizem; Paydas, Semra] Cukurova Univ, Dept Med Oncol, Fac Med, Adana, Turkey. [Yumuk, Fulden] Marmara Univ, Dept Med Oncol, Fac Med, Istanbul, Turkey. [Koral, Lokman] Onsekiz Mart Univ, Dept Med Oncol, Fac Med, Canakkale, Turkey. [Arpaci, Erkan] Sakarya Univ, Dept Med Oncol, Fac Med, Sakarya, Turkey. [Keser, Murat; Yavuzsen, Tugba] Dokuz Eylul Univ, Dept Med Oncolog, Fac Med, Izmir, Turkey. [Alkan, Ali; Senler, Filiz Cay] Ankara Univ, Dept Med Oncol, Fac Med, Ankara, Turkey. [Karci, Ebru; Karadurmus, Nuri] Gulhane Mil Med Acad, Dept Med Oncol, Ankara, Turkey. [Degirmencioglu, Serkan; Yaren, Arzu] Pamukkale Univ, Dept Med Oncol, Fac Med, Denizli, Turkey. [Uyeturk, Ummugul] Abant Izzet Baysal Univ, Dept Med Oncol, Fac Med, Bolu, Turkey. [Cabuk, Devrim] Kocaeli Univ, Dept Med Oncol, Fac Med, Izmit, Turkey. [Avci, Nilufer] Balikesir Univ, Dept Med Oncol, Fac Med, Balikesir, Turkey. [Toprak, Omer] Balikesir Univ, Dept Internal Med, Fac Med, Balikesir, Turkey. [Ergen, Arzu; Sahinler, Ismet] Istanbul Univ, Cerrahpasa Fac Med, Dept Radiat Oncol, Istanbul, Turkey. [Urvay, Semiha] Cumhuriyet Univ, Dept Med Oncol, Fac Med, Sivas, Turkey. [Bayman, Evrim] Osmangazi Univ, Dept Radiat Oncol, Fac Med, Eskisehir, Turkey. [Petekkaya, Emine] Beykent Univ, Dept Anat, Fac Med, Istanbul, Turkey. [Nayir, Erdinc] Mersin Medicalpark Hosp, Dept Med Oncol, Mersin, Turkey. [Ozyilkan, Ozgur] Baskent Univ, Dept Med Oncol, Fac Med, Ankara, Turkey. [Tanriverdi, Ozgur] Mugla Sitki Kocman Univ, Fac Med, Dept Med Oncol, Mugla, Turkey.

BackgroundDepression is one of the most prevalent causes of distress in the geriatric population. The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence of depressive symptoms in elderly cancer patients and to determine the possible associated factors.

218 wheat and barley fields of Eskişehir province for the root and crownrots were examined and 194 of them were found to be infested. 24 fungi species of 8 genus among the samples collected from the infested fields were determined. 14 out of these 24 species were Fusarium spp., 3 were Drechslera spp., 2 were Alternaria spp., 1 from each of Ophiobolus graminis, Ulocladium atrum, Nigrospora oryzae, Phoma spp. and sterile fungus. 199 barley varieties and races chosen from the cross-bred field of Anatolia Agricultural Research Institute in 1997 and 1998 were used in barley seed pathology, together with 99 wheat varieties and races. Alternaria alternata Keissler, Septonema spp., Penicillium spp., Rhizopus stolonifer Lind, A.triticina Prasada and Prabhu, Cladosporium herbarum Link ex Gray, Ulocladium atrum Preuss, Alternaria spp., Fusarium moniliforme Sheld., Stemphylium herbarum Rabenh., Phoma spp., Drechslera teres Shoem., Aspergillus niger van Tieghem, A.parasiticus Speare, Curvularia inaequalis Boedıjn., D.tetramera Subram. and Jain, Mucor spp., A.candidus Link, D.sorokiniana Subram. And Jain, Lacellina spp., Trichoderma viride Pers ex Gray. Ustilago hordei Lager and sterile fungi as a ratio of 0.88 % were isolated from the barley seeds. Reaction of 99 wheat and 199 barley varieties and races were tested against D. sorokiniana. A wheat variety and 36 barley varieties and races were found to be Resistant (R), 10 wheat and 39 barley varieties and races were found to be Mid Resistant (MR) against D.sorokiniana., Eskişehir ili yöresinde ekili buğday ve arpa tarlalarından 218'i hububat kök ve kökboğazı çürüklüğü yönünden incelenmiş ve 194 tarla bulaşık bulunmuştur. Bulaşık tarlalardan alınan örneklerden 8 cinse ait 24 fungal tür saptanmıştır. Bu türlerden 14 adeti Fusarium spp., 3 adeti Drechslera spp., 2 adeti Alternaria spp.ile birer adedi de Ophiobolus graminis, Ulocladium atrum, Nigrospora oryzae ve Phoma spp. ve steril fungustur. Anadolu Tarımsal Araştırma Enstitüsünün 1997 ve 1998 yıllarına ait melez bahçesinden seçilen 199 arpa çeşit ve hattı, arpa tohum patolojisinde kullanılmıştır. Arpa tanelerinde Alternaria alternata Keissler, Septonema spp., Penicillium spp., Rhizopus stolonifer Lind, A.triticina Prasada and Prabhu, Cladosporium herbarum Link ex Gray, Ulocladium atrum Preuss, Alternaria spp., Fusarium moniliforme Sheld., Stemphilium herbarum Rabenh., Phoma spp., Drechslera teres Shoem., Aspergillus niger van Tieghem, A.parasiticus Speare, Curvularia inaequalis Boedijn., D.tetramera Subram.and Jain, Mucor spp., A. candidus Link, D.sorokiniana Subram. and Jain, Lacellina spp., Trichoderma viride Pers. ex Gray Ustilago hordei Lager ve %0.88 oranında da steril fungus saptanmıştır. Reaksiyon çalışmalarında ise 99 buğday ve 199 arpa çeşit ve hattı D. sorokiniana'ya karşı test edilmiştir. D.sorokiniana'ya karşı bir buğday çeşidi ile 36 arpa çeşidi ve hattı dayanıklı (R), 10 buğday ve 39 arpa çeşidi ve hattı ise orta derecede dayanıklı (MR) bulunmuştur.

Previous studies have shown the embedding of feedback dialogue in electronic appliances to be a promising energy conservation tool if the correct goal-feedback match is made. The present study is the first in a series planned to explore contextual effects as moderators of both the goal and the feedback. Tentative results are reported of a study where two different levels of alternative goals (related/unrelated) are primed and compared as to theory predictions of their motivational strength. Results suggest enhanced performance when an action-related goal is primed, however, more participants must be included before final conclusions can be drawn.