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Hulya Erbagci,1 Burak Oren,2 Seydi Okumus,3 Serhat Kenan,3 Pelin Celemler,3 Ibrahim Erbagci3 1Department of Anatomy, Medical Faculty, Zirve University Emine Bahattin Nakiboglu, Gaziantep, 2Department of Ophthalmology, Kilis State Hospital, Kilis, 3Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Gaziantep, Gaziantep, Turkey Aim: The objective of the study reported here was to investigate the normal peripapillary choroidal thickness (CT), measured by enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography (EDI-OCT), in healthy Turkish volunteers. Materials and methods: In this prospective cross-sectional study, 57 eyes of 57 healthy Turkish subjects were enrolled. Each participant underwent a comprehensive ophthalmic examination and peripapillary CT measurement using EDI-OCT. Results: The mean age of the 25 female and 32 male patients in the study was 30.9±10.6 years (range, 18–56 years). The mean peripapillary CT at the superior, inferior, nasal, and temporal sites was 225±57, 183±47, 220±57, and 233±59 µm, respectively. The inferior peripapillary CT value was significantly lower than the peripapillary CT values (P

Arils from six pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) varieties grown in the Mediterranean region of Turkey were tested for their antimicrobial properties by the agar diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) methods against seven bacteria: (Bacillus megaterium DSM 32, Pseudomonas aeruginosa DSM 9027, Staphylococcus aureus Cowan 1, Corynebacterium xerosis UC 9165, Escherichia coli DM, Enterococcus faecalis A10, Micrococcus luteus LA 2971), and threefungi (Kluvyeromyces marxianus A230, Rhodotorula rubra MC12, Candida albicans ATCC 1023). It has been observed that the pomegranate aril extracts had antimicrobial effect on all microorganisms, giving inhibition zones ranging in size from 13 to 26 mm. The MIC values for active pomegranate extracts ranged between 30 and >90 µg/mL. The results obtained appeared to confirm the antimicrobial potential of the Punica granatum varieties.

PVC is used as a raw material for many products, especially in the production of flex banners. PVC flex banners used for advertising or marketing purposes have a short-term use [average up to 45 days]. PVC flex banners are usually annihilated, piled in landfills, incinerated, or buried under the soil, thus causing severe damage to the environment. This systematic literature review highlights the research carried out on this topic over the last two decades and discusses industry practices in producing PVC flex banners, the environmental impact of PVC flex banners due to annihilation, and reuse and recycling methods for PVC flex banners. One of these opportunities is upcycling, which is an important part of the reuse strategy. These flex banners can be reused in the fashion industry as upcycled products [high-value functional and aesthetic products] and accessories through zero-waste fashion production processes [especially used in pattern designing and cutting stages]. These include primarily bags and luggage, apparel, footwear, worker uniforms, and accessory upcycle products. Based on findings from the systematic review, it recommends a conceptual framework that emphasises the impact of end-of-life PVC flex banners and offers ways for reuse that avoid piling in landfills, incineration, and burying these wastes under the soil, reducing the impact on the environment. The studies suggesting the production of upcycling products from end-of-life PVC flex banners by the zero-waste fashion production process have not been sufficiently researched and reported, and they are a novel method of reusing resources.

Marine unbonded flexible pipes serve as the most essential equipment in offshore oil and gas exploration and exploitation. Axial compressive loads during installation or in service in the complex marine environment usually lead to buckling failure. A flexible pipe is a composite structure with multiple functional layers, of which the tensile armor layer plays a key role with regard to the response of the pipe subjected to axial loads. In this paper, a simplified three-dimensional finite element model is developed, focusing on the tensile layer and replacing the carcass layer, pressure sheath layer, and pressure armor layer by a cylindrical rigid body to reduce computational expense. By using this model, the buckling failure modes of the tensile armor layer (in particular the birdcaging phenomenon) are analyzed. Several key parameters that affect the stability of the flexible pipe under axial compression and torsion are emphasized, and their effects on its axial and torsional stiffness are compared and discussed. The results show that both the lay angle of the steel wires and the interlayer friction coefficient have a significant influence on the axial and torsional stiffness of the pipe, whereas the damaged length of the outer sheath has virtually no effect.

Abstract The aim of the study was to determine the role of isometric strength and range of motion in predicting Functional Movement Screen (FMS) scores of adults. A total of 120 participants (age = 34.62 ± 11.82 years; height = 170.56 ± 9.63 cm; weight = 73.62 ± 15.39 kg) volunteered to participate in the study. Anthropometric measurements were performed, including height, body weight, muscle mass, and body fat. Following this, the ranges of motion of the shoulder, hip, knee, and ankle joints were measured sequentially. Isometric strength and FMS tests were then performed. Hip extension isometric strength explained 23% of the variation in FMStotal. The common effect of knee flexion, shoulder flexion, and dorsiflexion joint range of motion explained 34% of the change in FMStotal (F (3−116) = 20.375, p

In the article, a scientific analysis has been made on the idioms in the form of compound verbs expressing emotion encountered in the copies of Dîvân-ı Hikmet in the libraries of the cities of Saint Petersburg, Egypt, İstanbul and Kökşetav and in the private library of Emel Esin. Idioms in the form of emotional compound verbs used in Yesevî’s hikmets are compared with their usage in historical and contemporary Turkish dialects. While the comparison was made, first of all, the structural aspect of the idioms was taken into account, but also their lexical-semantic meanings were tried to be revealed. In other words, the semantic closeness, interrelationships and differences of idioms,structurally the same or similar, used in hikmets, other historical works and contemporary Turkish dialects are emphasized. First of all, idioms in the form of compound verbs expressing emotion are classified as Persian and Turkish origin in terms of syntactic and structural aspects. Idioms in the form of emotional compound verbs formed according to the structure of Turkish were examined under several sub-titles such as ‘emotional idioms formed with organ names’, ‘emotional idioms formed with words related to body names’, ‘emotional idioms formed with concrete nouns’, ‘emotional idioms formed by analogy and comparison’ and ‘idioms formed with verbs’ and scientific analysis was made.

Avrupa’da din, hanedan rekabeti ve bölgesel genişleme çatışmalarının zirvesini temsil eden Otuz Yıl Savaşları hem askerî hem de siyasi sonuçları itibariyle bir dönüm noktasıdır. Her biri kendi hedef ve stratejilerine sahip birden çok aşamayı barındıran karmaşık çatışmalar Avrupa kıtası üzerinde yıkıcı etkiler bırakmıştır. Tarafların paralı askerlik uygulamasına sıklıkla başvurduğu Otuz Yıl Savaşları, piyade, süvari ve topçuların hayati roller oynadığı meydan savaşlarına sahne olmuştur. Çatışmalar ilerledikçe dini farklılıkların yarattığı gerilimin ötesine geçerek değişen ittifaklarıyla modern devletler, egemenlik ile daimî ordulara dair yapı ve algıları etkileyecek siyasi ve bölgesel üstünlük mücadelesi yaşanmıştır. Bu makalenin amacı, siyasal sonuçları itibariyle karşıt fikirlere kaynaklık eden Otuz Yıl Savaşları’nın askerî ile politik boyutunu analiz etmektir. Makalede bu savaşlar sonrasında avantajlı konumda olan aktörler olsa da iktidar rekabetinin son bulmadığı, ortaya çıkan kısıtlı seçenekler nedeniyle Avrupa’da askerî güç dengesi politikalarının devam ettiği gösterilmektedir. Bu çerçevede Otuz Yıl Savaşlarının öne çıkan askerî rolü, daimî orduların sistemdeki etkisinin artması, bu nedenle de sonraki aşamada büyük güçlerin öne çıkmasına yol açmasıdır. Öncelikle çatışmalara yol açan nedenler üzerinde durulacak, tarafların çatışmalara katılma durumlarına göre savaşların seyri dönemin siyasi ve askerî stratejik unsurları üzerinden tahlil edilecektir. Son olarak, savaşların geçtiği dönemin uzun vadeli etkileriyle birlikte toplumsal sonuçları değerlendirilecektir.

According to data from 2021, Turkey has the highest incarceration rate among European countries. The probation system in Turkey is managed by the government and includes programs, resources, and services to help prevent individuals from engaging in criminal activities. Hope is a crucial factor in coping with adversity, and studies have shown resilience can be the protector of those involved in the criminal justice system. Additionally, adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) can have a significant impact on future victimization and criminal behavior, as individuals with higher ACE scores are more likely to engage in criminal activities. This study was conducted among 107 individuals who were under probation in Turkey to examine the relationship between hope, resilience, and ACEs. The scores were analyzed using a regression model, and the results showed that ACEs did not notably moderate the relationship between hope and resilience. Additionally, having higher levels of hope or ACEs did not play a significant role in predicting the resilience of the individual, which contradicts the previous literature. The implications of these findings will be discussed in terms of cultural differences and the criminal justice system. Future studies should explore the impact of culture on the relationship between hope and resilience.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the role of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene polymorphism in patients with degenerative aortic valve calcification (AVC). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Our study consisted of 305 Turkish patients of [...]

Objective: Eye morbidity is widely observed in patients receiving total body irradiation prior to bone marrow transplantation or radiotherapy for ocular or head and neck cancers. Cataract blindness is the major cause of preventable blindness worldwide, especially in the developing countries. The aim of this study was to investigate whether propolis and caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) prevent radiation-induced cataractogenesis. Methods: Fifty-four Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into six groups. Group 1 (irradiation (IR) + propolis) received total cranium irradiation and propolis was given orally through an orogastric tube daily. Group 2 (IR+CAPE) received total cranium irradiation plus CAPE intraperitoneally every day. Group 3 (IR) received 5 Gy of gamma irradiation as a single dose to total cranium plus 1 ml saline daily. Group 4 received daily plain saline. Group 5 received daily plain dimethyl sulfoxide. Group 6 (normal control group) did not receive anything. Results: At the end of the 10-day time period, cataracts developed in 80% of the rats in group 3 (IR group). After irradiation, cataract rate drop to 30% and 40% in groups treated with propolis and CAPE, respectively. Nitric oxide synthase activity, nitric oxide (NO-) and peroxynitrite (ONOO-) levels were significantly higher in group 3 compared to all other groups. Conclusion: The results suggest that propolis and CAPE have free radical scavenging activities in the irradiation-induced cataractogenesis, and reduced nitrosative stress markers. Propolis was found to be more effective in anticataractogenic effect than CAPE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Objective We aimed to determine factors responsible for chronic kidney disease (CKD) following nephrectomy for renal tumours. Methods A retrospective study was undertaken in patients underwent partial or radical nephrectomy due to kidney tumour between January 2015 and June 2020. Patients with eGFR above 60 ml/min/1.73m2 were included in the study. Demographic information, surgical features, eGFR values and some comorbidities of patients were recorded. The patients were evaluated for the development of CKD according to the CKD-EPI equation postoperatively. Results One hundred and sixty-six patients who underwent radical (n = 125) or partial (n = 41) nephrectomy were included to study. According to the logistic regression analysis, radical nephrectomy (adjusted OR 0.139 (95% CI 0.038–0.507), p = 0.003), age (adjusted OR 1.037 (95% CI 1.001–1.074), p = 0.045), preoperative proteinuria (adjusted OR 0.251 (95% CI 0.084–0.750) p = 0.013) and preoperative lower eGFR (adjusted OR 0.943 (95% CI 0.917–0.969) p

ABSTRACT: Background: Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) offers valuable hemodynamic insights post-Fontan, but is limited by the absence of normative single ventricle data. The Fontan Outcomes Registry using CMR Examinations (FORCE) is a large international Fontan-specific CMR registry. This study used FORCE registry data to evaluate expected CMR ventricular size/function and create Fontan-specific z-scores adjusting for ventricular morphology (VM) in healthier Fontan patients. Methods: “Healthier” Fontan patients were defined as patients free of adverse outcomes, who are New York Heart Association class I, have mild or less valve disease, and

Destanên Evîna Mêjûyî cureyekî berbelav ê vegêrana gelêrî ya Kurdî ye. Evînên di van destanan da bi piranî trajîk in û evîndar nagihîjine hev û di dawîyê da dimirin. Trajedîya evînê bi piranî bi sebebên civakî pêk tên her weku cudahîya statuya çînî, cudatîya bawerîyê ya di navbera evîndaran da. Carinan ji ber zilm û zora desthilatdaran ev trajedî pêk tê. Lêbelê dema ku ev rûdan vediguherin vegêranên gelêrî, sebebên civakî tên sansurkirin û di şûna wan da karakter û motîfên weku fesad, bêbext û hîlekar tên afirandin. Me jî di vê xebatê da di çarçoveya vê mijarê da du destanên evîna mêjûyî yên bi navê Memê Alan û Xelîl Beg û Gewrê nirxandin. Li hêlekê me bala xwe da paşxaneya tarîxî ya van destanan û li hêlekê din jî me bala xwe da naveroka varyantên gelêrî. Em di dawîyê da gihiştin wê qenaetê ku Beko û Xelo du karakterên antogonîst ên van destanan hem fesad û bêbext in hem jî qurban in. Di nav çarçoveya vegêrana gelêrî da fesad û bêbext in. Lê di rastîya xwe da ew du qurbanên civak, îcraker û desthilatdaran in ku ji bo sebebên esil ên rûdanan sansur bikin hatine afirandin.

AIM: To evaluate outcomes and determine factors influencing the outcomes of vitrectomy with silicone oil (SO) endotamponade for the management of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) complicated by advanced proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR). METHODS: This is a retrospective, interventional case series of eyes with PVR grade C associated RRD with or without prior surgery that underwent vitreoretinal surgery and SO tamponade. Eyes with a minimum follow-up of 6mo after SO extraction were included. Eyes were classified into three PVR subgroups according to severity and extension of proliferation. The influence of several preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative factors upon the functional and anatomical outcomes was assessed using multivariate logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: A hundred and one eyes of 101 patients that met the inclusion criteria were studied. Seventy-five of 101 eyes (74.3%) had successful retinal reattachment after one operation. Increased aqueous cell and flare at the first week exam had a statistically significant association with redetachment, recurrent membrane proliferation and keratopathy. Visual acuity improvement was significantly associated with faint postoperative aqueous inflammation values, primary vitrectomy and PVR outside of the posterior pole. CONCLUSION: Although encouraging anatomical and functional outcomes are achieved after vitrectomy and SO tamponade in eyes with RRD complicated by PVR, an increase in aqueous flare or cells at the first week follow-up is most likely to result in postoperative late complications. Primary vitrectomy, PVR associated with minimal posterior pole extension and absent to mild postoperative aqueous inflammation are associated with improved post-operative final visual acuity.

Di nav mîtan de mexlûqateke herî berbiçav û pir tê qalkirin, dêw e. Dêw bi piranî weku mexlûqatên şênber ên gir, tirsnak, bihêz û weku mirovan tên şayesandin. Carinan jî ne weku mexlûqeke şênber lê weku xul, saw, xof, hîseke razber hatine pênasekirin. Xisûsen di nav miletên Îranî de berî Zerdeştiyê heyînên baş û heta Xwedavend dihatin hebandin û digel Zerdeştiyê ew hevalkar û temsîlkarên Ehrîmen hatin pênasekirin. Carinan bi navên taybet hatine binavkirin û carinan weku temsîleke giştî bi navê “Dêw” hatine binavkirin. Herwiha bi gelek navên cuda di heman xisûsîyetê de qala mexlûqên weku perî, pîra cadû, elk, hût hwd. tê kirin ku hem di gelek lêkolînan de weku form û tezahurên dêwan hatine qebûlkirin hem jî di lêkolîna me de ev yek bi awayekî zelal hat destnîşankirin. Ev nav û nûçik, bawerî, pênase û şayesandinên kevnar û mîtîk di nav folklora Kurdî da jî bi awayekî xurt hatiye veguhastin û heya roja me hatine. Me di vê xebatê de di nav çarçoveya folklora Kurdî de lêkolîna dêw û peywendîya wan a bi sêhrê re, tezahurên wan, cureyên wan û temsîlên wan kir. Palpişta vê lêkolînê mîta KurdoÎranî ye ku çavkanîya sereke kitêba pîroz a Zerdeştiyê Avesta ye. Helbet gelek xebat û berawirdkariyên ku di wî warî de hatine kirin jî bûne palpişta xebata me. Xebata me li ser du çiqan pêk hatiye ku yek jê rasterast weku mexlûqatek dêw in. Çiqa duyem jî form û tezahurên dêwan ên bi navê Perî, Pîra Cadû, Kula Stûbizengil, Elk, Meyreman, Xapxapok, Reşê Şevê, Rotê Şevê, Dêlegur, Gurê Manco, Xermexozan, Psîka Girnexok, Gornepaş, Zibên, Sibat, Kabûs û hwd. in. Ev mexlûqat di vê xebatê de hem hatine tesnîfkirin û ravekirin hem jî di nav folklora Kurdî de çawa û di çi peywendê de hatibin pênasekirin, bizarkirin û şayesandin bi nimûneyên xwe hatine nîşandan. Weku encameke sereke pir bi eşkere xuya bû ku dêw û formên dêwan çi bi navê xwe û çi jî bi nav û nûçikên cuda di nav folklora Kurdî de bi awayekî pir zindî hatine veguhastin û gihiştine roja me.

Abstract The prevailing network perspective of Parkinson’s disease (PD) emerges not least from the ascending neuropathology traceable in histological studies. However, whether longitudinal in vivo correlates of network degeneration in PD can be observed remains unresolved. Here, we applied a trimodal imaging protocol combining 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)- and 18F-fluoro-L-Dopa- (FDOPA)-PET with resting-state functional MRI to assess longitudinal changes in midbrain metabolism, striatal dopamine depletion and striatocortical dysconnectivity in 17 well-characterized PD patients. Whole-brain (un)paired-t-tests with focus on midbrain or striatum were performed between visits and in relation to 14 healthy controls (HC) in PET modalities. Resulting clusters of FDOPA-PET comparisons provided volumes for seed-based functional connectivity (FC) analyses between visits and in relation to HC. FDG metabolism in the left midbrain decreased compared to baseline along with caudatal FDOPA-uptake. This caudate cluster exhibited a longitudinal FC decrease to sensorimotor and frontal areas. Compared to healthy subjects, dopamine-depleted putamina indicated stronger decline in striatocortical FC at follow-up with respect to baseline. Increasing nigrostriatal deficits and striatocortical decoupling were associated with deterioration in motor scores between visits in repeated-measures correlations. In summary, our results demonstrate the feasibility of in-vivo tracking of progressive network degeneration using a multimodal imaging approach. Specifically, our data suggest advancing striatal and widespread striatocortical dysfunction via an anterior-posterior gradient originating from a hypometabolic midbrain cluster within a well-characterized and only mild to moderately affected PD cohort during a relatively short period.

Abstract Big Data analytics and Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies have become the focus of recent research due to the large amount of data. Dimensionality reduction techniques are recognized as an important step in these analyses. The multidimensional nature of Quality of Experience (QoE) is based on a set of Influence Factors (IFs) whose dimensionality is preferable to be higher due to better QoE prediction. As a consequence, dimensionality issues occur in QoE prediction models. This paper gives an overview of the used dimensionality reduction technique in QoE modeling and proposes modification and use of Active Subspaces Method (ASM) for dimensionality reduction. Proposed modified ASM (mASM) uses variance/standard deviation as a measure of function variability. A straightforward benefit of proposed modification is the possibility of its application in cases when discrete or categorical IFs are included. Application of modified ASM is not restricted to QoE modeling only. Obtained results show that QoE function is mostly flat for small variations of input IFs which is an additional motive to propose a modification of the standard version of ASM. This study proposes several metrics that can be used to compare different dimensionality reduction approaches. We prove that the percentage of function variability described by an appropriate linear combination(s) of input IFs is always greater or equal to the percentage that corresponds to the selection of input IF(s) when the reduction degree is the same. Thus, the proposed method and metrics are useful when optimizing the number of IFs for QoE prediction and a better understanding of IFs space in terms of QoE.

IntroductionFortification of cereal products with natural plant extract is an interesting approach to fulfill the dietary requirement of the people.Materials and methodsPeels of pomegranate (rich source of natural compounds) were cut into small pieces and dried in three different methods such as solar drying (SOD), oven drying (OD), and sun drying (SUD). The fine powder was prepared and proximate compositions (protein, ash, moisture, fats, fiber, and carbohydrates), minerals (zinc, iron, calcium, and potassium), total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and antioxidant activity (DPPH) of the pomegranate peel powder (PP) were evaluated. Fine wheat flour (FWF) was fortified with different concentrations (3, 6, 8, 10, and 12 g) of PP powder, cookies were prepared and all the above analysis along with physical parameters (weight, width, thickness, spread ration) and sensory analysis were conducted. Cookies without PP powder were served as control.Results and discussionResults showed that a SOD was the best for drying PP powder in terms of compositional analysis. Addition of PP powder significantly (P < 0.05) enhanced the nutritional value, minerals profile and physical attributes of the fortified cookies. Sensory analysis of fortified cookies indicated that the cookies were acceptable to the sensory panel. Therefore, in conclusion, PP powder dried by SOD method could be used commercially in baking industries to provide nutritional enriched cookies to fulfill the dietary requirements of the people.

Hydrogen is believed to be the future energy carrier that will reduce environmental pollution and solve the current energy crisis, especially when produced from a renewable energy source. Solar energy is a renewable source that has been commonly utilized in the production process of hydrogen for years because it is inexhaustible, clean, and free. Generally, hydrogen is produced by means of a water splitting process, mainly electrolysis, which requires energy input provided by harvesting solar energy. The proposed model integrates the solar harvesting system into a conventional Rankine cycle, producing electrical and thermal power used in domestic applications, and hydrogen by high temperature electrolysis (HTE) using a solid oxide steam electrolyzer (SOSE). The model is divided into three subsystems: the solar collector(s), the steam cycle, and an electrolysis subsystem, where the performance of each subsystem and their effect on the overall efficiency is evaluated thermodynamically using first and second laws. A parametric study investigating the hydrogen production rate upon varying system operating conditions (e.g. solar flux and area of solar collector) is conducted on both parabolic troughs and heliostat fields as potential solar energy harvesters. Results have shown that, heliostat-based systems were able to attain optimum performance with an overall thermal efficiency of 27% and a hydrogen production rate of 0.411 kg/s, whereas, parabolic trough-based systems attained an overall thermal efficiency of 25.35% and produced 0.332 kg/s of hydrogen.

This paper proposes a kinesthetic–tactile fusion feedback system based on virtual interaction. Combining the results of human fingertip deformation characteristics analysis and an upper limb motion mechanism, a fingertip tactile feedback device and an arm kinesthetic feedback device are designed and analyzed for blind instructors. In order to verify the effectiveness of the method, virtual touch experiments are established through the mapping relationship between the master–slave and virtual end. The results showed that the average recognition rate of virtual objects is 79.58%, and the recognition speed is improved by 41.9% compared with the one without force feedback, indicating that the kinesthetic–tactile feedback device can provide more haptic perception information in virtual feedback and improve the recognition rate of haptic perception.

Osmanlı İmparatorluğunun son yüzyılında yaşanan olumsuzluklar nedeniyle kurumların ve toplumun yeniden yapılanması gerekmiştir. Bu bağlamda imparatorluğun eski gücünü yeniden kazanması için siyasal ve kültürel bazı reformlar yapılmıştır. Batılılaşma hareketi olarak adlandırılan bu reformlar imparatorluk içerisinde yaşayan halkın sahip olduğu giyim-kuşam kültürü üzerinde oldukça etkili olmuştur. Özellikle belirtilen döneme kadar var olan süreçte geleneksel giyim-kuşam öğelerini tercih eden halk, zaman içerisinde gerçekleşen bu Batılılaşma hareketleri ile kendileri için farklı olarak nitelendirilebilecek olan dönemin Avrupa modasına ait giysi ve aksesuar parçaları ile tanışma fırsatı yakalamışlardır. Mevcut dönemde özellikle dönemin yayın organları ile erkek, kadın ve çocuk giyimine şapka adapte edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nun devamında kurulan Türkiye Cumhuriyeti’nde ise şapka; 1925 yılında gerçekleşen şapka inkılabı ile Avrupa modasına ait bir aksesuar olarak hayatımızın içerisinde tamamıyla yer almaya başlamıştır. Şapka hem toplumsal hayatı düzenlemede hem de siyasi ve sanatsal hayatın içerisinde tarih sahnesine çıktığı günden bu yana farklı şekiller ve misyonlarda karşımıza çıkmıştır. Bu çalışmada, Osmanlı imparatorluğunun son döneminden erken Cumhuriyet dönemine ve günümüze kadar uzanan sürecin içerisinde şapkanın ve şapka kültürünün seyri ortaya çıkarılmak istenmiştir. Mevcut amaç doğrultusunda, lisansüstü tezler, makaleler, kitaplar, dergiler ve görsel veriler incelenmiş ve şapkanın belirtilen tarihsel süreç içerisindeki değişimi örneklerle incelenmiştir.

Background: Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) has been investigated regarding its therapeutic properties in several several conditions such as epilepsy, migraine and major depressive disorder and was shown to access similar neural pathways as invasive vagus nerve stimulation. While the vagus nerve's role in gut motility is physiologically established, the effect of taVNS has scarcely been investigated in humans and yielded conflicting results. Real-time gastric magnetic resonance imaging (rtMRI) is an established reproducible method to investigate gastric motility non-invasively. Objective: To investigate the influence of taVNS on gastric motility of healthy participants using rtMRI. Methods: We conducted a randomized, double-blind study using high-frequency (HF) stimulation at 25Hz or low-frequency (LF) taVNS at 1Hz after ingestions of a standardized meal in 57 healthy participants. The gastric motility index (GMI) was determined by measuring the amplitude and velocity of the peristaltic waves using rtMRI. Results: After HF taVNS, GMI was significantly higher than after LF stimulation (p = 0.005), which was mainly attributable to a higher amplitude of the peristaltic waves (p = 0.003). Conclusion: We provide evidence that 4-h of taVNS influences gastric motility in healthy human participants for the first time using rtMRI. HF stimulation is associated with higher amplitudes of peristaltic waves in the gastric antrum compared to LF stimulation. Further studies are needed to investigate the effect of different frequencies of taVNS and its therapeutic properties in conditions with impaired gastric motility.

Abstract Background The histone H3 lysine 79 (H3K79) methyltransferase DOT1L is a key chromatin-based barrier to somatic cell reprogramming. However, the mechanisms by which DOT1L safeguards cell identity and somatic-specific transcriptional programs remain unknown. Results We employed a proteomic approach using proximity-based labeling to identify DOT1L-interacting proteins and investigated their effects on reprogramming. Among DOT1L interactors, suppression of AF10 (MLLT10) via RNA interference or CRISPR/Cas9, significantly increases reprogramming efficiency. In somatic cells and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) higher order H3K79 methylation is dependent on AF10 expression. In AF10 knock-out cells, re-expression wild-type AF10, but not a DOT1L binding-impaired mutant, rescues overall H3K79 methylation and reduces reprogramming efficiency. Transcriptomic analyses during reprogramming show that AF10 suppression results in downregulation of fibroblast-specific genes and accelerates the activation of pluripotency-associated genes. Conclusions Our findings establish AF10 as a novel barrier to reprogramming by regulating H3K79 methylation and thereby sheds light on the mechanism by which cell identity is maintained in somatic cells.

Friedreich’s ataxia (FRDA, OMIM#229300) is the most common hereditary ataxia, resulting from the reduction of frataxin protein levels due to the expansion of GAA repeats in the first intron of the FXN gene. Why the triplet repeat expansion causes a decrease in Frataxin protein levels is not entirely known. Generation of effective FRDA disease models is crucial for answering questions regarding the pathophysiology of this disease. There have been considerable efforts to generate in vitro and in vivo models of FRDA. In this perspective article, we highlight studies conducted using FRDA animal models, patient-derived materials, and particularly induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived models. We discuss the current challenges in using FRDA animal models and patient-derived cells. Additionally, we provide a brief overview of how iPSC-based models of FRDA were used to investigate the main pathways involved in disease progression and to screen for potential therapeutic agents for FRDA. The specific focus of this perspective article is to discuss the outlook and the remaining challenges in the context of FRDA iPSC-based models.