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Aim: To determine the association between serum and aqueous apolipoprotein (Apo) A1 and Apo B levels and Apo B/A1 ratio in diabetic retinopathy. Material and Method: This cross-sectional prospective study included 63 diabetic patients with or without retinopathy and 38 control subjects who underwent cataract surgery. The study groups were as follows; healthy subjects (Group 1), diabetic patients without retinopathy (Group 2), with non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (Group 3), and with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (Group 4). Serum and aqueous Apo A1 and Apo B levels were determined by using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: The amount of Apo B was determined in aqueous samples of all (100%) patients in Group 4 and 77.7% of patients in Group 3.The mean serum Apo B/A1 ratio was significantly higher in Group 2, Group 3 and Group 4 compared with Group 1 (p=0.002, p=0.037 and p

Purpose: To determine the relation of choroidal structural parameters and body mass index (BMI) in an adult population. Methods: About 144 eyes of 144 healthy individuals were incorporated. There were four groups according to BMI values: Group 1 (⩽18.5), group 2 (18.6–24.9), group 3 (25.0–29.9), and group 4 (30.0–34.9). The enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography images were binarized using Image-J software. Choroidal thickness (CT), circumscribed choroidal area (CCA), luminal area (LA), stromal area (SA), and choroidal vascularity index (CVI) were calculated. Results: Mean subfoveal, nasal, and temporal CT were lower in group 4 rather than group 1 ( p = 0.032, p = 0.001, and p < 0.001, respectively). Mean nasal and temporal CT also showed a decrease in group 4 as compared to group 2 ( p = 0.04 and p = 0.039). Mean CCA and LA were decreased in group 4 in comparison to group 3 ( p = 0.001 and p = 0.001), group 2 ( p < 0.001 and p < 0.001), and group 1 ( p = 0.001 and p < 0.001). Mean SA showed a decrease only in group 3 rather than group 2 ( p = 0.021) and group 1 ( p = 0.008). Mean CVI was decreased in group 3 and group 4 in comparison to group 1 ( p < 0.001 and p < 0.001) and group 2 ( p = 0.002 and p < 0.001). Conclusion: Increased BMI percentile was associated with a decrease in CT and structural parameters.

Objective: To assess the choroidal structural characteristics in the first and third trimesters in pregnant women using enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography and binarization method.Design: Prospective study.Participants: Twenty-five eyes of 25 pregnant women in the first trimester (group 1) and 25 eyes of 25 pregnant women in the third trimester (group 2) were examined. Healthy age-matched 25 participants were enrolled as a control group (group 3).Methods: The choroidal thickness (CT) was measured at 3 points; subfoveal, 1500 mm nasal to the fovea, and 1500 mm temporal to the fovea. Total choroidal area, luminal area, stromal area, stroma/lumen ratio, and choroidal vascularity index (CVI) were measured by Image-J software.Results: The mean subfoveal and nasal CT were statistically significantly increased in group 1 compared with controls (p = 0.005 and p = 0.004, respectively). The mean temporal CT was statistically significantly increased in group 1 compared with groups 2 and 3 (group 1 vs group 2, p = 0.043; group 1 vs group 3, p = 0.011). The mean total choroidal area, stromal area, and luminal area were significantly increased in groups 1 and 2 compared with control group (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p < 0.001, and p < 0.001, p = 0.002, p = 0.002, respectively). There were no statistically significant differences among groups in terms of mean stroma/lumen ratio and CVI (p = 0.148 and p = 0.312, respectively).Conclusions: There was a significant increase in subfoveal, temporal, and nasal CT in the first trimester. Total choroidal, stromal, and luminal areas were significantly increased in the first and third trimesters.

BACKGROUND There is growing evidence supporting an association between obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) and systemic vascular disorders. However, the data on choroidal microvasculature are limited. In recent years, choroidal thickness (CT) and choroidal vascularity index (CVI) have been of considerable interest as objective markers of choroidal vascularity. We hypothesized that the imbalance of vascular regulation in OSAS may adversely affect the CT and CVI and may help to assess the vascular risk in these patients. PURPOSE This study aimed to evaluate the choroidal morphology in patients with OSAS. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients with moderate OSAS were included to this study. The subfoveal, nasal, and temporal CT were calculated. The choroidal area (CA) was binarized to the luminal area (LA) and stromal area (SA) using ImageJ software. The CVI was calculated as the proportion of the LA to the total CA. RESULTS Of 40 eyes of 40 patients, the mean subfoveal CT was significantly decreased in the OSAS group in comparison to the controls (p = 0.032). The mean CA, LA, and SA were decreased in the OSAS group compared with the controls, but the differences did not reach a statistical significance (p = 0.132, p = 0.104, and p = 0.184, respectively). The CVI was not significantly changed in patients with OSAS (p = 1.000). CONCLUSION Unlike CT, there were no significant differences in choroidal structural parameters and CVI in patients with OSAS.

Purpose: To assess choroidal changes using enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography in coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Methods: Thirty-two patients with moderate COVID-19 and 34 healthy subjects were included in the study. Choroidal thickness was measured at 3 points as follows: at the subfovea, 1500 mm nasal to the fovea, and 1500 mm temporal to the fovea. The total choroidal area, luminal area, stromal area, and choroidal vascular index were measured with Image-J. All the measurements were performed during the disease and at 4 months after remission. Results: In the patient group, the subfoveal, nasal, and temporal choroidal thicknesses were decreased as compared with those in the controls, but without statistically significant differences (p=0.534, p=0.437, and p=0.077, respectively). The mean total choroidal, stromal, and luminal areas and choroidal vascular index were statistically significantly decreased in the patient group (p

Dear Editor, We thank Marino et al. for their kind interest in our study [1]. In their letter to the editor, the authors pointed out that measurement of choroidal vascularity index (CVI) did not reveal any signifcant change and proposed that it can be due to the so-called blooming efect in the OCT imaging.

Purpose: To evaluate the results of conjunctival and nasopharyngeal swab tests in patients with confirmed COVID-19. Methods: This prospective study included 45 patients who were hospitalized for confirmed COVID-19. Nasopharyngeal swab samples were obtained from the patients before hospitalization. Only one eye of each patient was randomly selected for-conjunctival sampling. All participants underwent a complete slit- lamp examination. Conjunctival and nasopharyngeal swab samples were analyzed by reversetranscriptase-polymerase-chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results: Twenty seven (60%) of the patients were male and 18 (40%) were female. Conjunctival swab was positive in only one (2.22%) patient. None of the COVID-19 patients showed ocular changes and symptoms. There were no abnormalities of the ocular surface, anterior chamber or posterior segment at slit-lamp examination. Conclusions: The RT-PCR was not high positive in the conjunctiva as in nasopharyngeal swabs. Ocular changes were not common in COVID-19 patients.

Purpose To explore the effect of menstrual cycle on choroidal vascularity index (CVI). Methods Thirty six eyes of 36 healthy women were included in this prospective study. The menstrual cycles were regular and ranged from 28 to 30 days in length. Optical coherence tomography images were obtained in 3 different phases of the menstrual cycle. The choroidal thickness (CT), total choroidal area, luminal area, stromal area, and CVI were quantified. Results Mean subfoveal, nasal and temporal CT were significantly changed in mid-luteal phase in comparison to early follicular (p = 0.018, p = 0.006 and p = 0.001, respectively) and ovulatory phases (p = 0.037, p = 0.037, and p = 0.035, respectively). Mean CVI showed a significant change in mid-luteal phase when compared with early follicular (p = 0.001) and ovulatory phases (p = 0.036). Conclusion CVI seemed to be affected in mid-luteal phase of menstrual cycle. This should be considered while analyzing choroidal structure in otherwise healthy women.

Purpose: To evaluate choroidal vascularity index (CVI) after a single dose of intravitreal dexamethasone implant in refractory diabetic macular oedema (DME). Methods: Total choroidal area, luminal area, and CVI were measured at baseline, 1st month, and at 3rd month after dexamethasone implant using binarization of enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography (EDI-OCT) images. Results: A total of 25 eyes of 25 patients (mean age: 61.4 ± 8.3 years; 12 males, 13 females), were enroled in the study. All eyes had been previously treated with intravitreal aflibercept injections (mean number of injections 4.6 ± 2.5). Mean CVI was 70.3 ± 8.1 prior to intravitreal dexamethasone treatment. It was decreased to 66.1 ± 9.3 at 1 month and 63.5 ± 10.1 at 3 months after treatment. The mean CVI was significantly decreased at 3 months compared with pre-treatment measures (p = 0.033). Conclusion: CVI was found to be decreased in patients who responded to intravitreal dexamethasone implant. © 2022 Elsevier B.V.

Purpose: To evaluate the choroidal structural parameters, peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness, and optic density index (ODI) and their correlations in patients with migraine. Methods: Twenty-eight newly diagnosed migraine patients and 28 age-matched healthy controls were included in this prospective cross-sectional study. The enhanced depth-optical coherence tomography images were evaluated. The choroidal area (CA) was binarized to the luminal area (LA) and stromal area (SA) using Image J. The choroidal vascularity index (CVI), the mean peripapillary RNFL thickness, superior-inferior-nasal-temporal quadrant RNFL thicknesses, and the ODI were compared statistically. Results: The difference in the mean CVI between the patient group and controls reached a statistical significance (p=0.035). The mean RNFL thickness was significantly decreased in patients with migraine compared with the controls (p=0.040). The mean RNFL thickness in the superior, temporal, and inferior quadrants was significantly decreased in the patient group in comparison to the control subjects (p=0.030, p=0.001, and p=0.022, respectively). There were no significant differences between the migraine group and the controls for the mean ODI of RNFL (p=0.399). Conclusion: The CVI and the RNFL thickness except for the nasal quadrant were significantly decreased in newly diagnosed migraine patients. © 2021 Elsevier B.V.

Background: Myopia is not only refractive error, but also an eyesight-threatening disease. To search for a relationship between the central corneal thickness (CCT) and ganglion cell complex (GCC) thickness in patient with myopia.Methods: The prospective cross-sectional study comprised 122 eyes of 122 subjects with mild to moderate myopia. The participants were divided into two groups according to the CCT; thicker than 555 micrometer (Group 1) or thinner than 555 micrometer (Group 2). CCT was measured using the optical biometer machine. All subjects received a slit-lamp examination and optical coherence tomography. The retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness and GCC thickness were automatically quantified.Results: The retinal GCC and GC-IPL thickness were decreased in Group 1 compared with Group 2 (p=0.002 and p=0.007, respectively). The RNFL thickness was statistically significantly decreased only in the superior-temporal quadrant (p=0.041). There was a significantly positive correlation between CCT and GCC and GC-IPL thickness (r=0.222, p=0.014, and r=0.203, p=0.025, respectively). There was no correlation among CCT and RNFL thickness (p˃0.05).Conclusion: There was a relationship between the CCT and GCC thickness in eyes with mild to moderate myopia.

Background To evaluate the effect of intravitreal aflibercept injection on macular ganglion cell complex (GCC) in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD). Methods In total, 36 eyes of 36 treatment-naive patients with nAMD (18 female and 18 male) and 36 eyes of 36 healthy subjects (20 female and 16 male) as controls were included in this retrospective study. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography images were evaluated after each injection for 3 months and at 12 months. Mean GCC thickness of the center, inner ring, and outer ring of the ETDRS grid was automatically quantified. Results Mean foveal thickness was statistically significantly decreased at 3 months and at 12 months compared with baseline in the patient group. Ganglion cell layer thickness in the center was statistically significantly decreased in eyes with nAMD at baseline. There was a statistically significant decrease for mean retinal nerve fiber layer, ganglion cell layer, and inner plexiform layer thickness at 12 months compared with baseline. Conclusions Macular GCC thickness was decreased after intravitreal aflibercept injection in patients with nAMD, in particular at 12 months.

Background: To evaluate the choroidal structural changes in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients without previous optic neuritis (ON) attacks. Methods: Forty eyes of 20 MS patients without a history of ON and 40 eyes of 20 age-matched healthy volunteers were included in this study. The choroidal thickness (CT) was measured at three points; subfoveal, 1500 µm nasal to the fovea, and 1500 µm temporal to the fovea. Choroidal area (CA), luminal area (LA), and choroidal vascularity index (CVI) were calculated using ImageJ. Results: The mean subfoveal, nasal and temporal CT were decreased in MS patients compared to controls (for all, p < 0.001). The mean LA was 0.572 ± 0.113 mm2 in MS group, and 0.729 ± 0.188 mm2 in controls (p = 0.002). The mean CVI was decreased in the MS group (69.38% ± 4.87) in comparison to the controls (73.41% ± 5.18) (p = 0.034). Conclusion: The current study demonstrated significant anatomical alterations of the choroid in the eyes of patients with MS. © 2022

Purpose To determine the effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors on choroidal vascularity using the binarization method in a group of treatment-naive hypertensive patients. Methods There were 48 treatment-naive hypertensive patients who were diagnosed according to the "2013 European Society of Hypertension/European Society of Cardiology" guideline and started angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor perindopril (Coversyl) in the study. As a control group, 48 healthy volunteers were randomly selected among people who attended the outpatient clinic for routine ophthalmological examination. Enhanced-depth imaging optical coherence tomography (EDI-OCT) images were captured at baseline and at 1 month after treatment. Binarization of the EDI-OCT images was performed by Image-J software. The choroidal thickness (CT), total choroidal area, luminal area, stromal area, and choroidal vascularity index (CVI) were measured. Results There was a statistically significant increase in CT at all locations (subfoveal, nasal, and temporal) at 1 month after treatment compared with baseline (for all, p˂0.001). Choroidal structural parameters and the mean CVI were statistically significantly increased at 1 month after treatment (for all, p˂0.001). When compared, there was no statistically significant difference for the vascular parameters between the control group and the patient group at 1 month (for all, p>0.05). Conlusion A statistically significant improvement was demonstrated in the choroidal vascular parameters except for the stromal area after treating with an ACE inhibitor in a group of hypertensive patients.

AIM: To assess the choroidal structural alterations after intravitreal injection of aflibercept in neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD). METHODS: Fifty eyes with treatment-naïve nAMD were evaluated at baseline, 3rd, and 12th month. Fifty eyes of 50 healthy subjects were also included as controls. Choroidal thickness (CT) was measured in the subfoveal region. Total circumscribed choroidal area (CA), luminal area (LA), stromal area (SA), and choroidal vascularity index (CVI) was calculated using Image J. RESULTS: At baseline, subfoveal CT was increased in nAMD patients compared to controls (P=0.321). Eyes with nAMD had a significantly increased total circumscribed CA and SA (P=0.041, 0.005, respectively). The CVI was decreased (P=0.038). In the 3rd month, the subfoveal CT, LA, and CVI revealed a decrease (P=0.005, P=0.039, 0.043, respectively). In the 12th month, subfoveal CT, LA, and CVI were decreased in comparison to baseline measures (P

Dear Editor, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a highly pathogenic human coronavirus that can cause serious life-threatening respiratory disease and multiorgan failure(1). Despite the swift global spread of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19), no reliable clinical data are available to endorse any specific medical therapy. Organ-supportive therapy, including respiratory therapy, in acute pulmonary failure is recommended by physicians worldwide...

To determine the retinal vessel diameter changes after angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor treatment in a group of hypertensive patients.This study included 60 treatment-naive hypertensive patients who were treated with ACE inhibitor. Sixty healthy volunteers served as control group. An optical coherence tomography scan protocol including the measurement of peripapillary retinal vessel diameters was performed at baseline and at 1st month. The diameters of superior temporal artery (STA), inferior temporal artery (ITA), superior temporal vein (STV), inferior temporal vein (ITV), superior nasal artery (SNA), inferior nasal artery (INA), superior nasal vein (SNV) and inferior nasal vein (INV) were statistically compared.The baseline diameters of the STA, ITA, SNA, and INA were significantly decreased in the patient group compared with the control group (allShort-term treatment with ACE inhibitor led to a significant improvement in the retinal vessel diameters of patients with hypertension.

Purpose: To investigate changes in meibomian gland morphology and impact of electronic device usage time on meibomian glands in pediatric age group. Methods: In this prospective study, 149 eyes of 149 children were enrolled. The participants also completed the Standard Patient Evaluation of Eye Dryness (SPEED) questionnaire and provided information regarding weekly hours spent in front of a digital screen. Meibography was performed in all subjects. Grading of images was evaluated using a previously validated 5-point meiboscale (0–4) for meibomian gland atrophy and a 3-point scale for meibomian gland tortuosity (0–2). Results: Of the 149 enrolled children, 83 (55.7%) were female and 66 (44.3%) male. The mean age was 13.0 ± 3.0 (range: 5–18) years. The mean loss of meibomian gland area was 20.80 ± 9.32%. The mean meiboscore was 1.20 ± 0.58 for gland atrophy and the mean tortuosity score was 0.99 ± 0.62. The mean screen time was 29.32 ± 16.18 hr/week. There was a weak and significantly positive correlation between loss of meibomian gland area and screen time (r = 0.210, p = 0.010). There was a weak and significantly positive correlation between meiboscore for gland atrophy and screen time (r = 0.188, p = 0.022). We found a weak but significantly positive correlation between meibomian gland tortuosity and screen time (r = 0.142, p = 0.033). Conclusion: Meibomian gland morphology may show changes in pediatric age group and excessive screen time may be a factor triggering these changes in gland morphology.

PURPOSE To investigate the rate of neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser capsulotomy in the hydroimplantation intraocular lens (IOL) technique. METHODS This retrospective study was comprised of 6,192 eyes in 3,790 patients who underwent surgery from January 2013 to September 2017 and then were followed up for at least 1 year. The eyes of these patients were divided into two groups: either viscoimplantation or hydroimplantation. The follow-up examinations were carried out on the 1st day, 4th day, 1st month, and 3 months to 1 year postoperatively. The Nd:YAG capsulotomy rates were evaluated by the different IOL implantation techniques and IOL materials. RESULTS The mean follow-up duration of the patients was in the viscoimplantation group 14.85 ± 2.43 and 15.05 ± 1.93 months in the hydroimplantation group. The Nd:YAG capsulotomy rate was significantly lower in the hydroimplantation group compared with the viscoimplantation group for the entire hydrophilic IOL model (p < 0.001). In addition, the Nd:YAG rate was lower in the hydroimplantation group that used a hydrophilic IOL than it was in the viscoimplantation group, which used a hydrophobic IOL. CONCLUSIONS The hydroimplantation technique reduced the Nd:YAG capsulotomy rate.

Aim:To evaluate the effect of intracameral dexamethasoneon diabetic macular edema injected at the end of cataract surgery in patientswith diabetic retinopathy.Materialand Method: Thirty patients with diabetic retinopathy andcataract were included in this study. All patients underwent a completeophthalmic examination which consisted best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA),anterior segment evaluation with slit lamp microscopy, fundus examination with Goldmanthree mirror lens, intraocular pressure (IOP)measurement with applanation tonometry before cataract surgery. Fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) was takenfollowing each ocular examination. At the end of cataract surgery 0,1 ccdexamethasone was given intracamerally from the cataract incision. Each patientwas reevaluated with BCVA, IOP and FFA at 1st month after surgery. Results:Thirty one eye of 18 (%64.3) women and 10 (%35.7) mans who ages ranging from 52to 87 were enrolled in this study. All of patients had type 2 diabetes. Meanage of the patients was 65.25±8.57 and 16 (%25.8) eyes had diffuse diabeticmacular edema, 8 (%25.8) eyes had cystoid macular edema and 7 (%22.6)eyes had both diffuse diabetic macular edema and cystoiddiabetic macular edema. Macular edema did not change in 19 (%61.3) eyes and decreased in 12 (%38.7) eyes. Themean corrected visual acuity was preoperatively 0.10±0.11, postoperatively 0.2±0.22at first month. Postoperative increase in vısual acuity was foundstatistically significant (p˂0,001). Conclusion: Intracameraldexamethasone injection appears to be effective in reducing the effect ofsurgery on diabetic macular edema in eyes with diabetic retinopathy andcataract, Amaç: Diyabetik retinopati (DR)’lihastalarda katarakt ameliyatı sonunda ön kamaraya verilen deksametazonun makülaödemi (MÖ) üzerine muhtemel etkilerinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır.Gereçve Yöntem:Çalışmaya DR’li ve makula ödemi olan 28 katarakt hastası dahil edildi. Bütünhastalara katarakt operasyonu öncesinde en iyi düzeltilmiş görme keskinlikleri (EDGK),biyomikroskopik ön segment değerlendirmesi, Goldmann üç aynalı lensi ile fundusmuayeneleri ve Goldmann aplanasyon tonometresi ile göz içi basınç (GİB)ölçümlerinden oluşan oftalmolojik muayenenin ardından, maküla ödeminindeğerlendirilmesi amacıyla fundus floresein anjiyografi (FFA) çekildi. Kataraktoperasyonunun sonunda hastalara kesi yerinden 0,1 cc deksametazon verildi.Hastalar birinci ay sonunda EDGK, GİB ve FFA ile değerlendirildi.Bulgular: Çalışmaya yaşları 52-87 arasındadeğişen ve diyabetik makula ödemi (DMÖ) olan 18 (%64,3) kadın ile 10 (%35,7)erkek hastanın 31 gözü dahil edildi. Hastaların tamamında tip 2 diyabet mevcuttu.Olguların ortalama yaşı 65,25±8,57 olupgözlerden 16 (%25,8)’ sında diffüz, 8 (%25,8)’ inde kistoid, 7 (%22,6)’ sindehem diffüz hem de kistoid makula ödemi (KMÖ) mevcuttu. 19(%61,3) hastada postoperatif makulaödeminde herhangi bir değişiklik gözlenmezken 12 (%38,7) hastada maküler ödemde azalma söz konusuydu (p=0,201). Operasyon öncesi en iyi düzeltilmiş görme keskinliği0,10±0,11 olup, operasyon sonrası 1.ay görme keskinliği 0,2±0,22düzeylerindeydi. Bu artış istatistiksel olarak anlamlıydı (p˂0.001). Sonuç:DMÖ ve kataraktıolan gözlerde, katarakt ameliyatı sonunda ön kamaraya deksametazonuygulamasının, cerrahi işlemin MÖ üzerine olan olumsuz etkisini azalttığıgörülmektedir.

Purpose: To evaluate the longitudinal changes in retinal vessel diameters in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).Methods: This study included 25 patients with COVID-19 (Group 1) and 2...

Since first identified in December 2019 at Wuhan, China, the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has become a major public health challenge wordlwide(1). As of September 4, 2020, more than 26 million COVID-19 cases, including 869,600 deaths, were reported in 216 countries(2). The ophthalmological alterations caused by COVID-19 are mainly limited to external ocular diseases such as conjunctivitis(3,4). Therefore, in patients with the infection, we measured anterior segment (AS) parameters, which may show subtle changes in the acute phase of the infection and serve as a tool for monitoring the long-term changes after recovery from COVID-19.

PURPOSE To measure the choroidal structural parameters in a population of myopic children and determine the factors affecting the choroidal vascularity index (CVI). METHODS The inclusion criteria were; age between 10 and 15 years, low to moderate myopia (spherical equivalent (SE) refraction at least - 1.00 diopter (D) and diopter of spherical within - 0.50 D to - 5.50 D in either eye), myopic astigmatism ≤ - 1.50 D and anisometropia of less than 1.50 D. Macular imaging was performed using EDI mode of spectral domain-optical coherence tomography. Binarization of the choroidal area was performed with ImageJ software. Total choroidal area, luminal area (LA), stromal area (SA), and CVI were automatically calculated. RESULTS In total, 200 eyes of 200 children (100 females, 100 males) with a mean age of 11.5 ± 1.6 years were included in the study. The mean choroidal, stromal and luminal areas were measured as 0.952 ± 0.127 mm2, 0.626 ± 0.103 mm2 and 0.325 ± 0.076 mm2, respectively. The mean CVI was 65.81% ± 6.56. Age and the axial length (AL) of the participants were not found to be associated with the LA and the CVI. (r=-0.078, p=0.274, r=0.017, p=0.808, and r=0,051, p=0.474 and r=-0.128, p=0.071, respectively). There was a statistically significant strong association between the LA and CVI measurements and SE of the participants (r=0.736, p=0.001, and r=-0.605; p=0.001). CONCLUSION Age and AL were not associated with the LA and the CVI but SE was significantly associated with the LA and CVI.

Background: To assess alterations of choroid by enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography (EDI-OCT) in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).Methods: Thirty-two patients with COVID-19 infection (group 1) and 34 healthy subjects (group 2) were included in this study. The choroidal thickness was measured at three points: Subfoveal, 1500 mm nasal from the fovea, and 1500 mm temporal from the fovea. Total choroidal area, luminal area, stromal area and choroidal vascular index (CVI) was measured by Image-J.Results: In group 1, subfoveal, nasal, and temporal choroid thicknesses were thinner compared to group 2. However, there was no statistical significance (p=0.534, p=0.437, and p=0.077, respectively). The mean total choroidal area, the mean stromal area, the mean luminal area, and the mean CVI were significantly decreased in group 1 (pConclusions: Our results demonstrate that there may be choroidal vascular and stromal depletion in these patients.

WOS: 000457837000023 PubMed: 28060145 Objectives: To evaluate corneal endothelial cell density (CD) and morphology in different trimesters of pregnancy. Methods: This prospective study included 66 (66 eyes) pregnant women. The patient group was divided into three subgroups comprised of 22 women in the first, second, and third trimesters of pregnancy. An age-matched group of 22 (22 eyes) volunteers served as controls. Corneal measurements were performed using specular microscopy (Noncon Robo SP8000, Konan Medical). Central corneal thickness (CCT) and CD, hexagonal cell ratio (HEX), and coefficient of variation (CV) of the corneal endothelial cell layer of the patients were measured at each trimester. Results: Central corneal thickness did not change significantly during the pregnancy compared to controls (P>0.05). Endothelial CD was decreased in the first trimester and increased in the second and third trimesters, but the difference was not significant (P>0.05). Hexagonal cell ratio was decreased significantly in the first trimester (P0.05). Coefficient of variation was increased significantly in the first trimester and showed a significant decrease in the second and third trimesters (P

Introduction: Selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) is used successfully for management of early to advanced glaucoma and ocular hypertension (OHT). Primary open-angle glaucoma (OAG), pseudoexfolia...

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a complication of diabetes mellitus (DM) that may causes blindness. The vitreous is an extracellular matrix and it may have changes through liquefaction and syneresis in patients with DM, even in those without apparent DR. Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) is a new technique provide tissue contrast relying on difference with the diffusion of water molecules among tissues, which can be measured by the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value. We aimed to investigate the vitreous of patients in different stages of DR using diffusion-weighted imaging technique. This prospective study included a group of 100 patients with DR and 100 members of an age- and gender-matched control group. All groups were tested using a head coil in conduction with a Achieva 1.5T magnetic resonans imaging (MRI) system (Philips Medical Systems, Best, The Netherlands). The mean ADC values were calculated and used for statistical comparisons. Mean duration of diabetes was 12.22±10.13 years in patients. Compared to controls, both eyes of the DR group had statistically and significantly lower values of ADC (p=0.025 and p=0.002, respectively). No significant correlations were found among the ADC values and central macular thickness, disease duration and stage of DR (all p>0.05) in patients. Mean ADC values revealed no significant differences among the subgroups of patients at different stages of DR (all p>0.05). Decreased ADCs in the vitreous of diabetes patients seem to be associated with the presence of diabetic retinopathy. [Med-Science 2018; 7(1.000): 106-109]

Gokcinar, Nesrin Buyuktortop/0000-0001-7795-5188 WOS: 000482134100027 PubMed: 30105491 Purpose Presentation of a case with ocular hypertension who developed cystoid macular edema (CME) following selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT). Case report A 62-year-old male patient who had undergone phacoemulsification surgery for traumatic cataract 9 years ago was on ocular hypertension treatment for the last 5 years. Due to uncontrolled intraocular pressure and side effect of medications, a 360 degrees SLT was performed. The patient returned with decrased visual acuity 1 week after the procedure. There was CME in the treated eye. It healed completely after topical prednisolone acetate QID and nepafenac QID for 1 week, and no recurrence was observed during follow-ups. Conclusion Cystoid macular edema may occur following SLT treatment in patients with previous traumatic cataract surgery which responds to topical treatment.

WOS: 000399131100011 PubMed: 27462264 A 21-year-old woman developed simultaneous rhegmatogenous retinal detachment after laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) in both eyes. She underwent pars plana vitrectomy surgery combined with endolaser photocoagulation and silicone oil tamponade in the right eye. A week later, pneumatic retinopexy was done in the left eye. As the retinal tear did not seal, 360 degrees scleral buckling surgery was performed and retina was attached. Bilateral simultaneous rhegmatogenous retinal detachment after LASIK for correction of myopia can be a serious complication. Patients should be informed about the possibility of this complication. (C) 2016 The Author(s) Published by S. Karger AG, Basel

Ornek, Nurgul/0000-0003-3068-1831 WOS: 000374276600013 PubMed: 27162728 AIM: To investigate the serum levels of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) and adropin in age-related macular degeneration (AMD) patients. METHODS: Ninety-eight AMD patients were included in the study. Seventy-eight age - and sex-matched healthy volunteers were recruited as the control group. Fundus florescein angiography and optical coherence tomography were performed to assess the posterior segment details. Serum VEGFR-2 and adropin levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and compared between the study groups. RESULTS: AMD group had significantly increased fovea! retinal thickness, serum LDL and HDL levels and significantly decreased subfoveal choroidal thickness (P = 0.01, 0.047, 0.025 and