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1. New World Cactaceae Plants Harbor Diverse Geminiviruses

Author

Rafaela S. Fontenele, Andrew M. Salywon, Lucas C. Majure, Ilaria N. Cobb, Amulya Bhaskara, Jesús A. Avalos-Calleros, Gerardo R. Argüello-Astorga, Kara Schmidlin, Anthony Khalifeh, Kendal Smith, Joshua Schreck, Michael C. Lund, Matias Köhler, Martin F. Wojciechowski, Wendy C. Hodgson, Raul Puente-Martinez, Koenraad Van Doorslaer, Safaa Kumari, Kehinde A. Oyeniran, Christian Vernière, Denis Filloux, Philippe Roumagnac, Pierre Lefeuvre, Simone G. Ribeiro, Simona P. Kraberger, Darren P. Martin, and Arvind Varsani

Subjects
Cactaceae, Geminiviridae, Becurtovirus, recombination, diversity, Microbiology, QR1-502
Abstract

The family Cactaceae comprises a diverse group of typically succulent plants that are native to the American continent but have been introduced to nearly all other continents, predominantly for ornamental purposes. Despite their economic, cultural, and ecological importance, very little research has been conducted on the viral community that infects them. We previously identified a highly divergent geminivirus that is the first known to infect cacti. Recent research efforts in non-cultivated and asymptomatic plants have shown that the diversity of this viral family has been under-sampled. As a consequence, little is known about the effects and interactions of geminiviruses in many plants, such as cacti. With the objective to expand knowledge on the diversity of geminiviruses infecting cacti, we used previously acquired high-throughput sequencing results to search for viral sequences using BLASTx against a viral RefSeq protein database. We identified two additional sequences with similarity to geminiviruses, for which we designed abutting primers and recovered full-length genomes. From 42 cacti and five scale insects, we derived 42 complete genome sequences of a novel geminivirus species that we have tentatively named Opuntia virus 2 (OpV2) and 32 genomes of an Opuntia-infecting becurtovirus (which is a new strain of the spinach curly top Arizona virus species). Interspecies recombination analysis of the OpV2 group revealed several recombinant regions, in some cases spanning half of the genome. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that OpV2 is a novel geminivirus more closely related to viruses of the genus Curtovirus, which was further supported by the detection of three recombination events between curtoviruses and OpV2. Both OpV2 and Opuntia becurtoviruses were identified in mixed infections, which also included the previously characterized Opuntia virus 1. Viral quantification of the co-infected cactus plants compared with single infections did not show any clear trend in viral dynamics that might be associated with the mixed infections. Using experimental Rhizobium-mediated inoculations, we found that the initial accumulation of OpV2 is facilitated by co-infection with OpV1. This study shows that the diversity of geminiviruses that infect cacti is under-sampled and that cacti harbor diverse geminiviruses. The detection of the Opuntia becurtoviruses suggests spill-over events between viruses of cultivated species and native vegetation. The threat this poses to cacti needs to be further investigated.

Published
2021
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2. Symptom evolution following the emergence of maize streak virus

Author

Adérito L Monjane, Simon Dellicour, Penelope Hartnady, Kehinde A Oyeniran, Betty E Owor, Marion Bezuidenhout, Daphné Linderme, Rizwan A Syed, Lara Donaldson, Shane Murray, Edward P Rybicki, Anders Kvarnheden, Elham Yazdkhasti, Pierre Lefeuvre, Rémy Froissart, Philippe Roumagnac, Dionne N Shepherd, Gordon W Harkins, Marc A Suchard, Philippe Lemey, Arvind Varsani, and Darren P Martin

Subjects
virulence, pathogenicity, evolutionary trade-off, chlorosis, Medicine, Science, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract

For pathogens infecting single host species evolutionary trade-offs have previously been demonstrated between pathogen-induced mortality rates and transmission rates. It remains unclear, however, how such trade-offs impact sub-lethal pathogen-inflicted damage, and whether these trade-offs even occur in broad host-range pathogens. Here, we examine changes over the past 110 years in symptoms induced in maize by the broad host-range pathogen, maize streak virus (MSV). Specifically, we use the quantified symptom intensities of cloned MSV isolates in differentially resistant maize genotypes to phylogenetically infer ancestral symptom intensities and check for phylogenetic signal associated with these symptom intensities. We show that whereas symptoms reflecting harm to the host have remained constant or decreased, there has been an increase in how extensively MSV colonizes the cells upon which transmission vectors feed. This demonstrates an evolutionary trade-off between amounts of pathogen-inflicted harm and how effectively viruses position themselves within plants to enable onward transmission.

Published
2020
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3. Molecular identification and phylogenetic characterization of new A-strain isolates of Maize streak virus from western Ethiopia

Author

Daniel Ketsela, Kehinde Adewole Oyeniran, Berhanu Bekele, Rafaela S Fontenele, Simona Kraberger, and Arvind Varsani

Abstract

The A-strain of Maize streak virus (MSV) causes maize streak disease (MSD) which is a major biotic threat to maize production in sub-Saharan Africa. Previous studies have described different maize streak virus (MSV) strains of economic importance from southern and eastern African countries, and how eastern African regions are hubs for MSV diversification. Despite these efforts, and lack of extensive sampling, there is limited knowledge about the MSV-A diversity in Ethiopia. Here, field sampling of maize plants and wild grasses with visible MSD symptoms were carried out in western Ethiopian regions of Gambela, Oromia, and Benishangul-Gumuz, during the maize growing season of 2019. The complete genomes of MSV isolates (n = 60) were cloned and Sanger sequenced. We use a model based phylogenetic approach to analyse 792 full MSV genome sequences available in the GenBank together with newly recovered genomes from Ethiopia to determine their subtypes and recombinant lineages. Of the 127 fields accessed, MSD prevalence was highest at 96% in Gambela region, and lowest in Oromia at 66%. Highest mean symptom severity of 4/5, (where 5 is the highest and 1 the lowest) was observed for both Gambela and Benishangul-Gumuz. Our results show that these new MSV isolates belong in the recombinant lineage V of the A1 subtype with the widest dissemination, and economic significance in the sub-Saharan Africa and the adjacent Indian Ocean islands.

Published
2022

4. Molecular identification and phylogenetic characterization of A-strain isolates of maize streak virus from western Ethiopia

Author

Daniel Ketsela, Kehinde Adewole Oyeniran, Berhanu Bekele, Rafaela S Fontenele, Simona Kraberger, and Arvind Varsani

Subjects
Virology, General Medicine, Genome, Viral, Ethiopia, Maize streak virus, Zea mays, Phylogeny, Plant Diseases
Abstract

The A-strain of Maize streak virus (MSV) causes maize streak disease (MSD) which is a major biotic threat to maize production in sub-Saharan Africa. Previous studies have described different MSV strains of economic importance from southern and eastern African countries, and how eastern African regions are hubs for MSV diversification. Despite these efforts, and lack of extensive sampling, there is limited knowledge about the MSV-A diversity in Ethiopia. Here, field sampling of maize plants and wild grasses with visible MSD symptoms were carried out in western Ethiopian regions of Gambela, Oromia, and Benishangul-Gumuz, during the maize growing season of 2019. The complete genomes of MSV isolates (n = 60) were cloned and Sanger sequenced. We use a model based phylogenetic approach to analyse 725 full MSV genome sequences available in the GenBank together with newly recovered genomes from Ethiopia to determine their subtypes and recombinant lineages. Of the 127 fields accessed, MSD prevalence was highest at 96% in Gambela region, and lowest in Oromia at 66%. Highest mean symptom severity of 4/5, (where 5 is the highest and 1 the lowest) was observed for both Gambela and Benishangul-Gumuz. Our results show that these newly determined MSV isolates belong in the recombinant lineage V of the A1 subtype with the widest dissemination, and economic significance in the sub-Saharan Africa and the adjacent Indian Ocean islands.

Published
2022

5. New World Cactaceae Plants Harbor Diverse Geminiviruses

Author

Gerardo R. Argüello-Astorga, Arvind Varsani, Michael C. Lund, Simona Kraberger, Pierre Lefeuvre, Joshua Schreck, Denis Filloux, Anthony Khalifeh, Simone G. Ribeiro, Raul Puente-Martinez, Jesús Aarón Avalos-Calleros, Andrew M. Salywon, Safaa G. Kumari, Philippe Roumagnac, Kehinde A. Oyeniran, Kara Schmidlin, Rafaela S. Fontenele, Lucas C. Majure, Amulya Bhaskara, Wendy C. Hodgson, Martin F. Wojciechowski, Matias Köhler, Darren P. Martin, Kendal Smith, Koenraad Van Doorslaer, Christian Vernière, Ilaria N. Cobb, Arizona State University [Tempe] (ASU), The Biodesign Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, Center for Evolution and Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Desert Botanical Garden, Florida Museum of Natural History [Gainesville], University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF), University of British Columbia [Vancouver], University of Texas at Dallas [Richardson] (UT Dallas), School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, Instituto Potosino de Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnologica (IPICYT), Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología [Mexico] (CONACYT), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul [Porto Alegre] (UFRGS), Laboratório de Estudos em Vegetação Campestre (LEVCamp), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil, School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Arizona, Arizona Cancer Center, International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), University of Cape Town, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Moleculare MedicineComputational Biolohy Group, Plant Health Institute of Montpellier (UMR PHIM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Département Systèmes Biologiques (Cirad-BIOS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Peuplements végétaux et bioagresseurs en milieu tropical (UMR PVBMT), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia [Brasília], Structural Biology Research Unit, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, The molecular work was supported by a start-up grant awarded to A.V. from Arizona State University, USA., RAFAELA S. FONTENELE, ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY, USA, ANDREW M. SALYWON, DESERT BOTANICAL GARDEN, USA, LUCAS C. MAJURE, UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA, USA, ILARIA N. COBB, ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY, USA, AMULYA BHASKARA, ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY, USA, JESÚS A. AVALOS-CALLEROS, INSTITUTO POTOSINO DE INVESTIGACIÓN CIENTÍFICA Y TECNOLÓGICA, MEXICO, GERARDO R. ARGÜELLO-ASTORGA, INSTITUTO POTOSINO DE INVESTIGACIÓN CIENTÍFICA Y TECNOLÓGICA, MEXICO, KARA SCHMIDLIN, ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY, USA, ANTHONY KHALIFEH, ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY, USA, KENDAL SMITH, ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY, USA, JOSHUA SCHRECK, ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY, USA, MICHAEL C. LUND, ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY, USA, MATIAS KÖHLER, UFRGS, MARTIN F. WOJCIECHOWSKI, ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY, USA, WENDY C. HODGSON, DESERT BOTANICAL GARDEN, USA, RAUL PUENTE-MARTINEZ, DESERT BOTANICAL GARDEN, USA, KOENRAAD VAN DOORSLAER, UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA, USA, SAFAA KUMARI, INTERNATIONAL CENTER FOR AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH IN THE DRY AREAS (ICARDA), LEBANON, KEHINDE A. OYENIRAN, UNIVERSITY OF CAPE TOWN, SOUTH AFRICA, CHRISTIAN VERNIÈRE, CIRAD, FRANCE, DENIS FILLOUX, CIRAD, FRANCE, PHILIPPE ROUMAGNAC, CIRAD, FRANCE, PIERRE LEFEUVRE, CIRAD, FRANCE, SIMONE DA GRACA RIBEIRO, Cenargen, SIMONA P. KRABERGER, ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY, USA, DARREN P. MARTIN, UNIVERSITY OF CAPE TOWN, SOUTH AFRICA, ARVIND VARSANI, ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY, USA., University of Britsh Columbia [Vancouver], Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Department of Human Biology, and Faculty of Health Sciences

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Cactaceae, Phylogénie, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 01 natural sciences, Genome, Curtovirus, 2. Zero hunger, Diversity, biology, Phylogenetic tree, Opuntia, QR1-502, Infectious Diseases, Geminiviridae, Curly top, Cactus, Becurtovirus, food.ingredient, Pathologie végétale, Genome, Viral, Microbiology, Article, diversity, Hemiptera, 03 medical and health sciences, food, Virology, Animals, Virus classification, Géminivirus, Plant Diseases, H20 - Maladies des plantes, Virus des végétaux, biology.organism_classification, Recombination, recombination, Recombinaison, 030104 developmental biology, Evolutionary biology, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

International audience; The family Cactaceae comprises a diverse group of typically succulent plants that are native to the American continent but have been introduced to nearly all other continents, predominantly for ornamental purposes. Despite their economic, cultural, and ecological importance, very little research has been conducted on the viral community that infects them. We previously identified a highly divergent geminivirus that is the first known to infect cacti. Recent research efforts in non-cultivated and asymptomatic plants have shown that the diversity of this viral family has been under-sampled. As a consequence, little is known about the effects and interactions of geminiviruses in many plants, such as cacti. With the objective to expand knowledge on the diversity of geminiviruses infecting cacti, we used previously acquired high-throughput sequencing results to search for viral sequences using BLASTx against a viral RefSeq protein database. We identified two additional sequences with similarity to geminiviruses, for which we designed abutting primers and recovered full-length genomes. From 42 cacti and five scale insects, we derived 42 complete genome sequences of a novel geminivirus species that we have tentatively named Opuntia virus 2 (OpV2) and 32 genomes of an Opuntia-infecting becurtovirus (which is a new strain of the spinach curly top Arizona virus species). Interspecies recombination analysis of the OpV2 group revealed several recombinant regions, in some cases spanning half of the genome. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that OpV2 is a novel geminivirus more closely related to viruses of the genus Curtovirus, which was further supported by the detection of three recombination events between curtoviruses and OpV2. Both OpV2 and Opuntia becurtoviruses were identified in mixed infections, which also included the previously characterized Opuntia virus 1. Viral quantification of the co-infected cactus plants compared with single infections did not show any clear trend in viral dynamics that might be associated with the mixed infections. Using experimental Rhizobium-mediated inoculations, we found that the initial accumulation of OpV2 is facilitated by co-infection with OpV1. This study shows that the diversity of geminiviruses that infect cacti is under-sampled and that cacti harbor diverse geminiviruses. The detection of the Opuntia becurtoviruses suggests spill-over events between viruses of cultivated species and native vegetation. The threat this poses to cacti needs to be further investigated.

Published
2021

6. How virulent are emerging maize-infecting mastreviruses?

Author

Arvind Varsani, Lara Donaldson, Penelope Hartnady, Jean-Michel Lett, Pierre Lefeuvre, Darren P. Martin, Sohini Claverie, Kehinde A. Oyeniran, Adérito L. Monjane, University of Cape Town, Institute of Infectious Disease & Molecular Medicine (IDM), Peuplements végétaux et bioagresseurs en milieu tropical (UMR PVBMT), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Département Systèmes Biologiques (Cirad-BIOS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Norwegian Veterinary Institute [Oslo], Arizona State University [Tempe] (ASU), School of Life Sciences (Arizona State University), Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences [Cape Town], KAO was supported by the National Research Foundation (NRF) South Africa and The World Academy of Science (TWAS) Grant number 105461. SC, PL and J-ML were supported by the European Union (ERDF, contract GURDT I2016-1731-0006632), the Conseil Regional de La Reunion, the Agropolis Fondation (Labex Agro-Montpellier, E-SPACE project number 1504-004) and CIRAD., and ANR-10-LABX-0001,AGRO,Agricultural Sciences for sustainable Development(2010)

Subjects
endocrine system, medicine.medical_specialty, Genotype, viruses, Virulence, Pathologie végétale, Disease, Genome, Viral, Zea mays, Virus, Crop, 03 medical and health sciences, Mastrevirus, Maladie des plantes, Medical microbiology, Virology, Maize streak virus, medicine, neoplasms, Géminivirus, Phylogeny, H20 - Maladies des plantes, 030304 developmental biology, Plant Diseases, 2. Zero hunger, 0303 health sciences, Géminivirus striure du maïs, biology, 030306 microbiology, General Medicine, Sequence Analysis, DNA, biology.organism_classification, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, DNA, Viral
Abstract

International audience; Maize streak disease (MSD) is one of the most significant biotic constraints on the production of Africa's most important cereal crop. Until recently, the only virus known to cause severe MSD was the A-strain of maize streak virus (MSV/A), a member of the genus Mastrevirus, family Geminiviridae. However, over the past decade, two other mastreviruses, MSV/C and maize streak Reunion virus (MSRV), have been repeatedly found in the absence of MSV/A in maize plants displaying severe MSD symptoms. Here, we report on infectious clones of MSV/C and MSRV and test their ability to cause severe MSD symptoms. Although cloned MSV/C and MSRV genomes could cause systemic symptomatic infections in MSD-sensitive maize genotypes, these infections yielded substantially milder symptoms than those observed in the field. The MSV/C and MSRV isolates that we have examined are therefore unlikely to cause severe MSD on their own. Furthermore, mixed infections of MSRV and MSV/C with other mild MSV strains also consistently yielded mild MSD symptoms. It is noteworthy that MSRV produces distinctive striate symptoms in maize that are similar in pattern, albeit not in severity, to those seen in the field, showing that this virus may contribute to the severe MSD symptoms seen in the field. Therefore, despite not fulfilling Koch's postulates for MSV/C and MSRV as causal agents of severe MSD, we cannot exclude the possibility that these viruses could be contributing to currently emerging maize diseases.

Published
2020

7. Symptom evolution following the emergence of maize streak virus

Author

Anders Kvarnheden, Rémy Froissart, Shane L. Murray, Arvind Varsani, Daphné Linderme, Elham Yazdkhasti, Penelope Hartnady, Lara Donaldson, Darren P. Martin, Edward P. Rybicki, Betty E. Owor, Marc A. Suchard, Adérito Luis Monjane, Philippe Roumagnac, Philippe Lemey, Gordon William Harkins, Simon Dellicour, Kehinde A. Oyeniran, Pierre Lefeuvre, Rizwan A Syed, Marion Bezuidenhout, Dionne N. Shepherd, Norwegian Veterinary Institute [Oslo], Department of Plant Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Catholic University Leuven, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), University of Cape Town, Makerere University [Kampala, Ouganda] (MAK), Peuplements végétaux et bioagresseurs en milieu tropical (UMR PVBMT), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Réunion (UR), Du gène à l'écosystème (MIVEGEC-GeneSys), Pathogènes, Environnement, Santé Humaine (EPATH), Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Biologie et Génétique des Interactions Plante-Parasite (UMR BGPI), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), University of the Western Cape (UWC), University of California [Los Angeles] (UCLA), University of California (UC), The Biodesign Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, Center for Evolution and Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University [Tempe] (ASU), Svenska Institutet : 00448/2014, Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique - FNRS, FWO, National Research Foundation - South Africa, World Academy of Sciences, European Union (EU), Conseil Regional de La Reunion, Centre de Cooperation Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Developpement, National Research Foundation - South Africa : TTK1207122745, European Union (EU) : PIOF-GA-2013-622571, European Research Council (ERC) : 725422, FWO : G066215N G0D5117N G0B9317N, Research Council of Norway : 267978/E40, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), University of the Western Cape, and University of California

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Évolution maligne, Résistance génétique, viruses, virus de la striure du maïs, maize, 01 natural sciences, F30 - Génétique et amélioration des plantes, Immunologie, Genotype, Maize streak virus, 2.2 Factors relating to the physical environment, pathogenicity, evolutionary trade-off, Aetiology, Biology (General), Pathogen, 2. Zero hunger, Genetics, biology, Phylogenetic tree, Transmission (medicine), General Neuroscience, Microbiology and Parasitology, General Medicine, Sciences bio-médicales et agricoles, Microbiologie et Parasitologie, Virus, Infectious Diseases, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Host-Pathogen Interactions, Plant Necrosis and Chlorosis, Medicine, Infection, Research Article, Evolution, QH301-705.5, Pouvoir pathogène, Science, chlorosis, Virulence, Relation hôte pathogène, virus, 010603 evolutionary biology, Zea mays, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Evolution, Molecular, 03 medical and health sciences, Transmission des maladies, H20 - Maladies des plantes, Plant Diseases, Evolutionary Biology, Géminivirus striure du maïs, General Immunology and Microbiology, Host (biology), Chlorose, evolutionary biology, Neurosciences cognitives, Molecular, biology.organism_classification, Maize, virulence, 030104 developmental biology, Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Microbiologie et protistologie [bacteriol.virolog.mycolog.]
Abstract

For pathogens infecting single host species evolutionary trade-offs have previously been demonstrated between pathogen-induced mortality rates and transmission rates. It remains unclear, however, how such trade-offs impact sub-lethal pathogen-inflicted damage, and whether these trade-offs even occur in broad host-range pathogens. Here, we examine changes over the past 110 years in symptoms induced in maize by the broad host-range pathogen, maize streak virus (MSV). Specifically, we use the quantified symptom intensities of cloned MSV isolates in differentially resistant maize genotypes to phylogenetically infer ancestral symptom intensities and check for phylogenetic signal associated with these symptom intensities. We show that whereas symptoms reflecting harm to the host have remained constant or decreased, there has been an increase in how extensively MSV colonizes the cells upon which transmission vectors feed. This demonstrates an evolutionary trade-off between amounts of pathogen-inflicted harm and how effectively viruses position themselves within plants to enable onward transmission., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Published
2020

8. Author response: Symptom evolution following the emergence of maize streak virus

Author

Rémy Froissart, Shane L. Murray, Anders Kvarnheden, Dionne N. Shepherd, Marion Bezuidenhout, Gordon William Harkins, Lara Donaldson, Betty E. Owor, Marc A. Suchard, Daphné Linderme, Kehinde A. Oyeniran, Rizwan A Syed, Edward P. Rybicki, Adérito Luis Monjane, Penelope Hartnady, Philippe Lemey, Elham Yazdkhasti, Darren P. Martin, Arvind Varsani, Simon Dellicour, Philippe Roumagnac, and Pierre Lefeuvre

Subjects
Maize streak virus, Biology, biology.organism_classification, Virology
Published
2020

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