Search

Abstract Self-rectifying memristive devices have emerged as promising contenders for low-power in-memory computing, presenting numerous advantages. However, characterizing the functional behavior of passive crossbar arrays incorporating these devices remains challenging due to sophisticated parasitic currents stemming from rich memristive dynamic behavior. Conventional methods using read margin assessments to evaluate functional behavior in passive crossbars are hindered by the voltage divider effect from the pull-up resistor. In this study, we propose a novel performance metric, $$\Delta$$ Δ SC, harnessing sneak path currents to assess functional behavior. Through the application of a pair of negative rectification factors, $$\text {RF}_\text {n, L}$$ RF n, L and $$\text {RF}_\text {n, H}$$ RF n, H , we comprehensively delineate dynamic rectification behavior in both positive and negative bias regimes, as well as in low-resistance state and high-resistance state, deviating from conventional metrics such as on/off ratios, nonlinearity, and rectifying factors. Notably, $$\Delta$$ Δ SC provides a quantitative evaluation of the interaction between sneak path currents and read margin, demonstrating its efficacy and addressing a pivotal research gap in the field. For instance, employing self-rectifying BiFeO $$_3$$ 3 memristive cells featuring $$\text {RF}_\text {n, L}$$ RF n, L = 1.22E3 and $$\text {RF}_\text {n, H}$$ RF n, H = 9.27, we showcase the successful functional performance of a passive crossbar array, achieving $$\Delta$$ Δ SC < 2.19E−2, while ensuring a read margin > 0.

In this study, nano-Nb-modified AlSi10Mg composites were fabricated using laser powder bed fusion (LPBF). The effects of Nb addition on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the AlSi10Mg alloy were systematically investigated. Compared with the as-built AlSi10Mg alloy, the microstructure along the building direction of the AlSi10Mg–Nb composites changed from coarse columnar grains to ultrafine equiaxed grains. Moreover, the preferential grain growth orientation was significantly weakened. Grain refinement occurs due to the presence of abundant in-situ Al3Nb precipitates dispersed within the grain, serving as heterogeneous nucleation inoculants. Simultaneously, the precipitation of NbSi2 particles along the eutectic network also contributed to refining the structure of the eutectic network. As a result, the LPBF-processed AlSi10Mg–Nb samples demonstrated a very high ultimate tensile strength (∼560 MPa) and good ductility (∼7%), comparable to those of high-strength aluminum alloys. The underlying mechanisms for this strength enhancement are discussed based on the improved mechanical properties. This study provides a novel perspective for the fabrication of high-performance AlSi10Mg alloys using LPBF.

Abstract Background Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is a common health problem worldwide. The objective of this study was to noninvasively and quantitatively evaluate early changes in left ventricular systolic function in patients with IDA using the left ventricular press–strain loop (LV-PSL). Methods Sixty-two patients with IDA were selected and divided into two groups based on hemoglobin (Hb) concentration: Group B with Hb > 9 g/dL and group C with 6 g/dL

Abstract Background This study aimed to evaluate the T2W hypointense ring and T2-FLAIR mismatch signs in gliomas and use these signs to construct prediction models for glioma grading and isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutation status. Methods Two independent radiologists retrospectively evaluated 207 glioma patients to assess the presence of T2W hypointense ring and T2-FLAIR mismatch signs. The inter-rater reliability was calculated using the Cohen’s kappa statistic. Two logistic regression models were constructed to differentiate glioma grade and predict IDH genotype noninvasively, respectively. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to evaluate the developed models. Results Of the 207 patients enrolled (119 males and 88 females, mean age 51.6 ± 14.8 years), 45 cases were low-grade gliomas (LGGs), 162 were high-grade gliomas (HGGs), 55 patients had IDH mutations, and 116 were IDH wild-type. The number of T2W hypointense ring signs was higher in HGGs compared to LGGs (p

Abstract Although 3D reconstruction has been widely used in many fields as a key component of environment perception, existing technologies still have the potential for further improvement in 3D scene reconstruction. We propose an improved reconstruction algorithm based on the MVSNet network architecture. To glean richer pixel details from images, we suggest deploying a DE module integrated with a residual framework, which supplants the prevailing feature extraction mechanism. The DE module uses ECA-Net and dilated convolution to expand the receptive field range, performing feature splicing and fusion through the residual structure to retain the global information of the original image. Moreover, harnessing attention mechanisms refines the 3D cost volume's regularization process, bolstering the integration of information across multi-scale feature volumes, consequently enhancing depth estimation precision. When assessed our model using the DTU dataset, findings highlight the network's 3D reconstruction scoring a completeness (comp) of 0.411 mm and an overall quality of 0.418 mm. This performance is higher than that of traditional methods and other deep learning-based methods. Additionally, the visual representation of the point cloud model exhibits marked advancements. Trials on the Blended MVS dataset signify that our network exhibits commendable generalization prowess.

Identifying the compound formulae-related xenobiotics in bio-samples is full of challenges. Conventional strategies always exhibit the insufficiencies in overall coverage, analytical efficiency, and degree of automation, and the results highly rely on the personal knowledge and experience. The goal of this work was to establish a software-aided approach, by integrating ultra-high performance liquid chromatography/ion-mobility quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC/IM-QTOF-MS) and in-house high-definition MS2 library, to enhance the identification of prototypes and metabolites of the compound formulae in vivo, taking Sishen formula (SSF) as a template. Seven different MS2 acquisition methods were compared, which demonstrated the potency of a hybrid scan approach (namely high-definition data-independent/data-dependent acquisition (HDDIDDA)) in the identification precision, MS1 coverage, and MS2 spectra quality. The HDDIDDA data for 55 reference compounds, four component drugs, and SSF, together with the rat bio-samples (e.g., plasma, urine, feces, liver, and kidney), were acquired. Based on the UNIFI™ platform (Waters), the efficient data processing workflows were established by combining mass defect filtering (MDF)-induced classification, diagnostic product ions (DPIs), and neutral loss filtering (NLF)-dominated structural confirmation. The high-definition MS2 spectral libraries, dubbed in vitro-SSF and in vivo-SSF, were elaborated, enabling the efficient and automatic identification of SSF-associated xenobiotics in diverse rat bio-samples. Consequently, 118 prototypes and 206 metabolites of SSF were identified, with the identification rate reaching 80.51% and 79.61%, respectively. The metabolic pathways mainly involved the oxidation, reduction, hydrolysis, sulfation, methylation, demethylation, acetylation, glucuronidation, and the combined reactions. Conclusively, the proposed strategy can drive the identification of compound formulae-related xenobiotics in vivo in an intelligent manner.

Abstract Classical metabolomic and new metabolic network methods were used to study the developmental features of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in newborns (n = 205) and 5-year-old children (n = 53). Eighty percent of the metabolic impact in ASD was caused by 14 shared biochemical pathways that led to decreased anti-inflammatory and antioxidant defenses, and to increased physiologic stress molecules like lactate, glycerol, cholesterol, and ceramides. CIRCOS plots and a new metabolic network parameter, $$\dot{{{\boldsymbol{V}}}}\!$$ V ° net , revealed differences in both the kind and degree of network connectivity. Of 50 biochemical pathways and 450 polar and lipid metabolites examined, the developmental regulation of the purine network was most changed. Purine network hub analysis revealed a 17-fold reversal in typically developing children. This purine network reversal did not occur in ASD. These results revealed previously unknown metabolic phenotypes, identified new developmental states of the metabolic correlation network, and underscored the role of mitochondrial functional changes, purine metabolism, and purinergic signaling in autism spectrum disorder.

The water quality index (WQI) is an important tool for evaluating the water quality status of lakes. In this study, we used the WQI to evaluate the spatial water quality characteristics of Dianchi Lake. However, the WQI calculation is time-consuming, and machine learning models exhibit significant advantages in terms of timeliness and nonlinear data fitting. We used a machine learning model with optimized parameters to predict the WQI, and the light gradient boosting machine achieved good predictive performance. The machine learning model trained based on the entire Dianchi Lake water quality data achieved coefficient of determination (R2), mean square error, and mean absolute error values of 0.989, 0.228, and 0.298, respectively. In addition, we used the Shapley additive explanations (SHAP) method to interpret and analyse the machine learning model and identified the main water quality parameter that affects the WQI of Dianchi Lake as NH4+-N. Within the entire range of Dianchi Lake, the SHAP values of NH4+-N varied from −9 to 3. Thus, in future water environmental governance, it is necessary to focus on NH4+-N changes. These results can provide a reference for the treatment of lake water environments. HIGHLIGHTS The water quality of Dianchi Lake at the entry point is better than that at the exit point.; An interpretable machine learning model for predicting water quality index has been proposed.; NH4+-N is the main parameter affecting the water quality of Dianchi Lake.;

To overcome the effect of grid mismatch on the superresolution performance, a sparse Bayesian learning-based multichannel radar forward-looking superresolution imaging scheme is proposed in this article. In the scheme, a coarse imaging grid is initialized first, and local grid refinement is performed based on the preliminary estimation results of the target information. Then, based on the refined grid, an off-grid superresolution model considering grid mismatch is established, and the total least squares method is used to estimate the mismatch error for modifying the steering matrix in superresolution processing. At last, based on the modified steering matrix, sparse Bayesian learning algorithm is iteratively executed to achieve multichannel radar forward-looking superresolution imaging. Simulated and measured data processing results are illustrated to verify the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.

Forward-looking imaging and target detection are highly desirable in many military and civilian fields, such as search and rescue, sea surface surveillance, airport surveillance, and guidance. However, during the processing procedure, imaging and target detection are usually regarded as two independent parts, which means that the imaging result will directly affect the detection performance. In this article, the LRSD-ADMM-net is proposed to achieve simultaneous super-resolution imaging and target detection for forward-looking scanning radar. First, low-rank and sparse constraints as regularization norms are incorporated to establish objective function, and the alternating direction multiplier method is used to solve simultaneous super-resolution and target detection problems. Then, the solving process is expanded into a neural network, where the weight parameters of each level are obtained through adaptive learning. At last, experiments are conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Abstract Peripheral blood metabolomics was used to gain chemical insight into the biology of treatment-refractory Major Depressive Disorder with suicidal ideation, and to identify individualized differences for personalized care. The study cohort consisted of 99 patients with treatment-refractory major depressive disorder and suicidal ideation (trMDD-SI n = 52 females and 47 males) and 94 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (n = 48 females and 46 males). The median age was 29 years (IQR 22–42). Targeted, broad-spectrum metabolomics measured 448 metabolites. Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) and growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) were measured as biomarkers of mitochondrial dysfunction. The diagnostic accuracy of plasma metabolomics was over 90% (95%CI: 0.80–1.0) by area under the receiver operator characteristic (AUROC) curve analysis. Over 55% of the metabolic impact in males and 75% in females came from abnormalities in lipids. Modified purines and pyrimidines from tRNA, rRNA, and mRNA turnover were increased in the trMDD-SI group. FGF21 was increased in both males and females. Increased lactate, glutamate, and saccharopine, and decreased cystine provided evidence of reductive stress. Seventy-five percent of the metabolomic abnormalities found were individualized. Personalized deficiencies in CoQ10, flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), citrulline, lutein, carnitine, or folate were found. Pathways regulated by mitochondrial function dominated the metabolic signature. Peripheral blood metabolomics identified mitochondrial dysfunction and reductive stress as common denominators in suicidal ideation associated with treatment-refractory major depressive disorder. Individualized metabolic differences were found that may help with personalized management.

Background: The increasing prevalence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) highlights the need for objective diagnostic markers and a better understanding of its pathogenesis. Metabolic differences have been observed between individuals with and without ASD, but their causal relevance remains unclear. Methods: Bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) was used to assess causal associations between circulating plasma metabolites and ASD using large-scale genome-wide association study (GWAS) datasets—comprising 1091 metabolites, 309 ratios, and 179 lipids—and three European autism datasets (PGC 2015: n = 10,610 and 10,263; 2017: n = 46,351). Inverse-variance weighted (IVW) and weighted median methods were employed, along with robust sensitivity and power analyses followed by independent cohort validation. Results: Higher genetically predicted levels of sphingomyelin (SM) (d17:1/16:0) (OR, 1.129; 95% CI, 1.024–1.245; p = 0.015) were causally linked to increased ASD risk. Additionally, ASD children had higher plasma creatine/carnitine ratios. These MR findings were validated in an independent US autism cohort using machine learning analysis. Conclusion: Utilizing large datasets, two MR approaches, robust sensitivity analyses, and independent validation, our novel findings provide evidence for the potential roles of metabolomics and circulating metabolites in ASD diagnosis and etiology.

The friction pair gap affects not only the temperature increase of the multi-disc wet clutch, but also the efficiency of the helicopter transmission system. Consequently, a rotational–axial engagement and disengagement-coupled kinetic model of a wet multi-disc clutch considering asperity contact, hydrodynamic lubrication, spline resistance, and a separating spring model are developed in this paper. The effects of operating conditions on the dynamic characteristics of the wet clutch are investigated. Further, the gap deviation coefficient is proposed to characterize the dynamic behavior of the friction pair gap. As the control oil pressure increases from 1.3 MPa to 1.7 MPa, the gap deviation coefficient increases by 8.6%. Moreover, as the rotation speed increases from 888 rpm to 2488 rpm and the lubricant oil temperature increases from 25 °C to 85 °C, the gap deviation coefficient decreases by 1.1% and 4.44%, respectively. Therefore, an appropriate increase in lubricant oil temperature and rotation speed can facilitate the friction pair gap to be more uniform. These results are useful for the development of optimal control strategies for aviation wet clutch systems.

Although the rational use of water resources through damming rivers can improve economic benefits, it inevitably changes the connectivity of rivers and the hydraulic characteristics of water reduced river reaches, posing a threat to fish habitats. Habitat assessment can provide a reference for assessing the ecological impact of hydropower development and the effectiveness of habitat restoration. However, previous evaluation methods only considered the number of habitats, which may mislead the evaluation results. In this article, we proposed a novel fish habitat assessment model based on the landscape pattern index method and circuit theory, which additionally considers the spatial pattern and connectivity of habitat patches. This model is applied to the Anshunchang reach of the Dadu River, and the target fish is Schizothorax prenanti. We obtained a suitable ecological discharge range for this river reach from 163.0 m3/s to 217.4 m3/s. To improve the suitability of fish habitats, we have also attempted multiple restoration measures. Comparing different habitat restoration measures, it was ultimately found that the river dredging scenario had the best ecological improvement effect, with a maximum improvement rate of 9.87 %. The habitat assessment model in this article can help reservoir managers evaluate fish habitats and formulate habitat restoration plans.

This study explores memristor-based true random number generators (TRNGs) through their evolution and optimization, stemming from the concept of memristors first introduced by Leon Chua in 1971 and realized in 2008. We will consider memristor TRNGs coming from various entropy sources for producing high-quality random numbers. However, we must take into account both their strengths and weaknesses. The comparison with CMOS-based TRNGs will serve as an illustration that memristor TRNGs stand out due to their simpler circuits and lower power consumption— thus leading us into a case study involving electroless YMnO3 (YMO) memristors as TRNG entropy sources that demonstrate good security properties by being able to produce unpredictable random numbers effectively. The end of our analysis sees us pinpointing challenges: post-processing algorithm optimization coupled with ensuring reliability over time for memristor-based TRNGs aimed at next-generation security applications.

Multi-view stereo based on learning is a critical task in three-dimensional reconstruction, enabling the effective inference of depth maps and the reconstruction of fine-grained scene geometry. However, the results obtained by current popular 3D reconstruction methods are not precise, and achieving high-accuracy scene reconstruction remains challenging due to the pervasive impact of feature extraction and the poor correlation between cost and volume. In addressing these issues, we propose a cascade deep residual inference network to enhance the efficiency and accuracy of multi-view stereo depth estimation. This approach builds a cost-volume pyramid from coarse to fine, generating a lightweight, compact network to improve reconstruction results. Specifically, we introduce the omni-dimensional dynamic atrous spatial pyramid pooling (OSPP), a multiscale feature extraction module capable of generating dense feature maps with multiscale contextual information. The feature maps encoded by the OSPP module can generate dense point clouds without consuming significant memory. Furthermore, to alleviate the issue of feature mismatch in cost volume regularization, we propose a normalization-based 3D attention module. The 3D attention module aggregates crucial information within the cost volume across the dimensions of channel, spatial, and depth. Through extensive experiments on benchmark datasets, notably DTU, we found that the OD-MVSNet model outperforms the baseline model by approximately 1.4% in accuracy loss, 0.9% in completeness loss, and 1.2% in overall loss, demonstrating the effectiveness of our module.

PurposeWhile observational studies have identified obesity as a potential risk factor for gastric cancer, the causality remains uncertain. This study aimed to evaluate the causal relationship between obesity and gastric cancer and identify the shared molecular signatures linking obesity to gastric cancer.MethodsA two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was conducted using the GWAS data of body fat percentage (exposure, n = 331,117) and gastric cancer (outcome, n = 202,308). Bioinformatics and meta-analysis of multi-omics data were performed to identify key molecules mediating the causality. The meta-analysis of the plasma/serum proteome included 1,662 obese and 3,153 gastric cancer patients. Obesity and gastric cancer-associated genes were identified using seven common gene ontology databases. The transcriptomic data were obtained from TCGA and GEO databases. The Bioinformatic findings were clinically validated in plasma from 220 obese and 400 gastric cancer patients across two hospitals. Finally, structural-based virtual screening (SBVS) was performed to explore the potential FDA-approved drugs targeting the identified mediating molecules.ResultsThe MR analysis revealed a significant causal association between obesity and gastric cancer (IVW, OR = 1.37, 95% CI:1.12-1.69, P = 0.0028), without pleiotropy or heterogeneity. Bioinformatic and meta-analysis of multi-omics data revealed shared TNF, PI3K-AKT, and cytokine signaling dysregulation, with significant upregulation of AKT1, IL-6, and TNF. The clinical study confirmed widespread upregulation of systemic inflammatory markers in the plasma of both diseases. SBVS identified six novel potent AKT1 inhibitors, including the dietary supplement adenosine, representing a potentially preventive drug with low toxicity.ConclusionObesity causally increases gastric cancer, likely mediated by persistent AKT1/IL-6/TNF upregulation. As a potential AKT1 inhibitor, adenosine may mitigate the obesity-to-gastric cancer transition. These findings could inform preventive drug development to reduce gastric cancer risk in obesity.

Abstract Background and purpose Ki-67 labeling index (LI) is an important indicator of tumor cell proliferation in glioma, which can only be obtained by postoperative biopsy at present. This study aimed to explore the correlation between Ki-67 LI and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) parameters and to predict the level of Ki-67 LI noninvasively before surgery by multiple MRI characteristics. Methods Preoperative MRI data of 166 patients with pathologically confirmed glioma in our hospital from 2016 to 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. The cut-off point of Ki-67 LI for glioma grading was defined. The differences in MRI characteristics were compared between the low and high Ki-67 LI groups. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to estimate the accuracy of each ADC parameter in predicting the Ki-67 level, and finally a multivariate logistic regression model was constructed based on the results of ROC analysis. Results ADCmin, ADCmean, rADCmin, rADCmean and Ki-67 LI showed a negative correlation (r = − 0.478, r = − 0.369, r = − 0.488, r = − 0.388, all P

Plant diseases and pests have always been major contributors to losses that occur in agriculture. Currently, the use of deep learning-based convolutional neural network models allows for the accurate identification of different types of plant diseases and pests. To enable more efficient identification of plant diseases and pests, we design a novel network architecture called Dise-Efficient based on the EfficientNetV2 model. Our experiments demonstrate that training this model using a dynamic learning rate decay strategy can improve the accuracy of plant disease and pest identification. Furthermore, to improve the model’s generalization ability, transfer learning is incorporated into the training process. Experimental results indicate that the Dise-Efficient model boasts a compact size of 13.3 MB. After being trained using the dynamic learning rate decay strategy, the model achieves an accuracy of 99.80% on the Plant Village plant disease and pest dataset. Moreover, through transfer learning on the IP102 dataset, which represents real-world environmental conditions, the Dise-Efficient model achieves a recognition accuracy of 64.40% for plant disease and pest identification. In light of these results, the proposed Dise-Efficient model holds great potential as a valuable reference for the deployment of automatic plant disease and pest identification applications on mobile and embedded devices in the future.

A vehicle detection algorithm is an indispensable component of intelligent traffic management and control systems, influencing the efficiency and functionality of the system. In this paper, we propose a lightweight improvement method for the YOLOv5 algorithm based on integrated perceptual attention, with few parameters and high detection accuracy. First, we propose a lightweight module IPA with a Transformer encoder based on integrated perceptual attention, which leads to a reduction in the number of parameters while capturing global dependencies for richer contextual information. Second, we propose a lightweight and efficient multiscale spatial channel reconstruction (MSCCR) module that does not increase parameter and computational complexity and facilitates representative feature learning. Finally, we incorporate the IPA module and the MSCCR module into the YOLOv5s backbone network to reduce model parameters and improve accuracy. The test results show that, compared with the original model, the model parameters decrease by about 9%, the average accuracy (mAP@50) increases by 3.1%, and the FLOPS does not increase.

The interconnectivity of advanced biological systems is essential for their proper functioning. In modern connectomics, biological entities such as proteins, genes, RNA, DNA, and metabolites are often represented as nodes, while the physical, biochemical, or functional interactions between them are represented as edges. Among these entities, metabolites are particularly significant as they exhibit a closer relationship to an organism’s phenotype compared to genes or proteins. Moreover, the metabolome has the ability to amplify small proteomic and transcriptomic changes, even those from minor genomic changes. Metabolic networks, which consist of complex systems comprising hundreds of metabolites and their interactions, play a critical role in biological research by mediating energy conversion and chemical reactions within cells. This review provides an introduction to common metabolic network models and their construction methods. It also explores the diverse applications of metabolic networks in elucidating disease mechanisms, predicting and diagnosing diseases, and facilitating drug development. Additionally, it discusses potential future directions for research in metabolic networks. Ultimately, this review serves as a valuable reference for researchers interested in metabolic network modeling, analysis, and their applications.

Macau, recognized as a global tourism hub and the world’s most densely populated region, provides a unique environment conducive to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) transmission in healthcare and community settings, posing a significant public health concern both locally and globally. The epidemiology and molecular characteristics of MRSA in the distinct city of Macau remain largely unelucidated. This five-year longitudinal study (2017–2022) examined the local prevalence and molecular typing of MRSA in Macau, with future MRSA type distribution predicted through ARIMA modeling. We subsequently analyzed the epidemiological characteristics of MRSA, including specimen source, clinical department, collection year, season, patient age, sex, and the annual number of tourists. Comprehensive antibiotic resistance profiles of the strains were also assessed. Of 504 clinically isolated S. aureus strains, 183 (36.3%) were identified as MRSA by the cefoxitin disk diffusion method and validated through multi-locus sequence typing (MLST). The MRSA detection rate showed an upward trend, increasing from 30.1% in 2017 to 45.7% in 2022. SCCmec type IV was predominant (28.9%), followed by types II (25.4%), III (22.1%), and V (22.1%). The primary sources of MRSA isolates were sputum (39.2%) and secretions (25.6%). Older age emerged as a risk factor for MRSA infection, whereas no significant associations were found with seasonal variations, gender, or the annual number of tourists. Despite displaying universal resistance to cefoxitin, oxacillin, and benzylpenicillin, MRSA isolates in Macau remained fully sensitive to vancomycin, tigecycline, quinupristin, nitrofurantoin, and linezolid. Continuous surveillance and analysis of MRSA distribution in Macau could provide invaluable insights for the effective management of MRSA prevention and control measures within healthcare settings.

With the economic development, social progress and the increase in power demand, the number of water conservancy projects has gradually increased. However, the reservoir dams inevitably lead to changes in the river connectivity and hydraulic characteristics of rivers, causing damage to fish habitats. Regulating the operation of dams to supplement the ecological flow required by fish is usually an effective way to protect river fish habitats. Based on the graph theory algorithm, we proposed an improved three-dimensional habitat model that comprehensively considered the quantity and quality of fish habitat and used it to the effect assessment of water conservancy project construction on fish habitat. The fish habitat quality evaluation indicators in this paper mainly emphasized the pivotal role of core habitat patches and the connectivity between habitat patches, namely, habitat importance index (HII) and habitat connectivity index (HCI). Then, the model was combined with the Instream Flow Incremental Methodology (IFIM) and applied to the habitat assessment of Schizothorax prenanti (S. prenanti) in the Anshunchang reach of the Dadu River. The results showed that the change trend of the habitat index curves of different water depths showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing, but the inflection points of the curves and the habitat indexes of different water depths were different. Taking into account the bottom living habits of target fish, the most suitable flow range for S. prenanti was from 271.7 m3/s to 489.1 m3/s. Compared with previous studies, the improved three-dimensional habitat model effectively avoids simulation errors caused by ignoring habitat quality and differences in fish habits.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex and heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by stereotyped behaviors, specific interests, and impaired social and communication skills. Synapses are fundamental structures for transmitting information between neurons. It has been reported that synaptic deficits, such as the increased or decreased density of synapses, may contribute to the onset of ASD, which affects the synaptic function and neuronal circuits. Therefore, targeting the recovery of the synaptic normal structure and function may be a promising therapeutic strategy to alleviate ASD symptoms. Exercise intervention has been shown to regulate the structural plasticity of synapses and improve ASD symptoms, but the underlying molecular mechanisms require further exploration. In this review, we highlight the characteristics of synaptic structural alterations in the context of ASD and the beneficial effects of an exercise intervention on improving ASD symptoms. Finally, we explore the possible molecular mechanisms of improving ASD symptoms through exercise intervention from the perspective of regulating synaptic structural plasticity, which contributes to further optimizing the related strategies of exercise intervention promoting ASD rehabilitation in future.

Background and objective: Radioiodine therapy (RAI) is one of the most common treatment solutions for Graves’ disease (GD). However, many pat ients will develop hypothyroidism as early as 6 months after RAI. This study aimed to implement machine learning (ML) algorithms for the early prediction of post-RAI h ypothyroidism. Methods: Four hundred and seventy-one GD patients who underwent RAI bet ween January 2016 and June 2019 were retrospectively recruited and r andomly split into the training set (310 patients) and the validation set (161 pat ients). These patients were followed for 6 months after RAI. A set of 138 clinical and lab test features from the electronic medical record (EMR) were extracted, and multipl e ML algorithms were conducted to identify the features associated with the occurren ce of hypothyroidism 6 months after RAI. Results: An integrated multivariate model containing patients’ age, thy roid mass, 24-h radioactive iodine uptake, serum concentrations of aspartate am inotransferase, thyrotropin-receptor antibodies, thyroid microsomal antibodies, and blood neutrophil count demonstrated an area under the receiver operating curve ( AUROC) of 0.72 (95% CI: 0.61–0.85), an F1 score of 0.74, and an MCC score of 0.63 in th e training set. The model also performed well in the validation set with an AUROC of 0.74 (95% CI: 0.65–0.83), an F1 score of 0.74, and a MCC of 0.63. A user-friendly nomogram w as then established to facilitate the clinical utility. Conclusion: The developed multivariate model based on EMR data could be a valuable tool for predicting post-RAI hypothyroidism, allowing them to be tre ated differently before the therapy. Further study is needed to validate the developed prognostic model at independent sites.

The pursuit of higher recognition accuracy and speed with smaller model sizes has been a major research topic in the detection of surface defects in steel. In this paper, we propose an improved high-speed and high-precision Efficient Fusion Coordination network (EFC-YOLO) without increasing the model’s size. Since modifications to enhance feature extraction in shallow networks tend to affect the speed of model inference, in order to simultaneously ensure the accuracy and speed of detection, we add the improved Fusion-Faster module to the backbone network of YOLOv7. Partial Convolution (PConv) serves as the basic operator of the module, which strengthens the feature-extraction ability of shallow networks while maintaining speed. Additionally, we incorporate the Shortcut Coordinate Attention (SCA) mechanism to better capture the location information dependency, considering both lightweight design and accuracy. The de-weighted Bi-directional Feature Pyramid Network (BiFPN) structure used in the neck part of the network improves the original Path Aggregation Network (PANet)-like structure by adding step branches and reducing computations, achieving better feature fusion. In the experiments conducted on the NEU-DET dataset, the final model achieved an 85.9% mAP and decreased the GFLOPs by 60%, effectively balancing the model’s size with the accuracy and speed of detection.

Internet addiction (IA) has become an impulse control disorder included in the category of psychiatric disorders. The IA trend significantly increased after the outbreak of the new crown epidemic. IA damages some brain functions in humans. Emerging evidence suggests that exercise exerts beneficial effects on the brain function and cognitive level damaged by IA. This work reviews the neurobiological mechanisms of IA and describes the brain function impairment by IA from three systems: reward, execution, and decision-making. Furthermore, we sort out the research related to exercise intervention on IA and its effect on improving brain function. The internal and external factors that produce IA must be considered when summarizing movement interventions from a behavioral perspective. We can design exercise prescriptions based on exercise interests and achieve the goal of quitting IA. This work explores the possible mechanisms of exercise to improve IA through systematic analysis. Furthermore, this work provides research directions for the future targeted design of exercise prescriptions.

The acceleration of urbanization has brought significant changes to the urban underlying surface. As a result, the flood disaster caused by stormwater runoff has become increasingly prominent. The infiltration function of the permeable area can lead to flood disasters, but the extent and depth of the effect are still unclear. Therefore, based on the storm water management model (SWMM) and Green-Ampt infiltration model, this paper discussed the effect of improving soil saturated hydraulic conductivity (SSHC) and soil capillary suction head (SCSH) on the stormwater runoff process. The results show that the increase in SSHC and SCSH can significantly reduce runoff and increase infiltration. However, the improvement of SSHC can more effectively alleviate flood disasters compared with the improvement of SCSH. The change of SSHC has a significant effect on the stormwater runoff with a critical SSHC value while the effect can be ignored. In addition, there is a cross value; when the value of SSHC and SCSH is larger than the cross value, the difference between SSHC and SCSH in reducing runoff duration no longer exists. The critical value and cross value are not constant but change with the change of rainfall intensity. HIGHLIGHTS The effect of an urban underlying surface change on stormwater runoff is notionally studied.; Improving SSHC can reduce total runoff and increase total infiltration more effectively than improving SCSH.; There is an effect of rainfall intensity and urban IR in SSHC and SCSH on soil infiltration.; There exists a critical SSHC value, below which the change of SSHC has a significant effect on the stormwater runoff.;

Abstract Brain function relies on efficient communications between distinct brain systems. The pathology of major depressive disorder (MDD) damages functional brain networks, resulting in cognitive impairment. Here, we reviewed the associations between brain functional connectome changes and MDD pathogenesis. We also highlighted the utility of brain functional connectome for differentiating MDD from other similar psychiatric disorders, predicting recurrence and suicide attempts in MDD, and evaluating treatment responses. Converging evidence has now linked aberrant brain functional network organization in MDD to the dysregulation of neurotransmitter signaling and neuroplasticity, providing insights into the neurobiological mechanisms of the disease and antidepressant efficacy. Widespread connectome dysfunctions in MDD patients include multiple, large-scale brain networks as well as local disturbances in brain circuits associated with negative and positive valence systems and cognitive functions. Although the clinical utility of the brain functional connectome remains to be realized, recent findings provide further promise that research in this area may lead to improved diagnosis, treatments, and clinical outcomes of MDD.

With the popularity of ChatGPT, there has been increasing attention towards dialogue systems. Researchers are dedicated to designing a knowledgeable model that can engage in conversations like humans. Traditional seq2seq dialogue models often suffer from limited performance and the issue of generating safe responses. In recent years, large-scale pretrained language models have demonstrated their powerful capabilities across various domains. Many studies have leveraged these pretrained models for dialogue tasks to address concerns such as safe response generation. Pretrained models can enhance responses by carrying certain knowledge information after being pre-trained on large-scale data. However, when specific knowledge is required in a particular domain, the model may still generate bland or inappropriate responses, and the interpretability of such models is poor. Therefore, in this paper, we propose the KRP-DS model. We design a knowledge module that incorporates a knowledge graph as external knowledge in the dialogue system. The module utilizes contextual information for path reasoning and guides knowledge prediction. Finally, the predicted knowledge is used to enhance response generation. Experimental results show that our proposed model can effectively improve the quality and diversity of responses while having better interpretability, and outperforms baseline models in both automatic and human evaluations.

Abstract Total dissolved gas (TDG) supersaturation, which occurs during dam spilling, may result in fish bubble disease and mortality. Many studies have been conducted to identify the factors pertaining to TDG generation, such as the spilling discharge and tailwater depth. Additionally, the energy dissipation efficiency should be considered due to its effect on the air entrainment, which influences the TDG generation process. According to the TDG field observations of 49 cases at Dagangshan and Xiluodu hydropower stations, the TDG was positively related to the energy dissipation efficiency, tailwater depth and discharge per unit width. A correlation between the generated TDG level and these factors was established. The empirical equations proposed by the USACE were calibrated, and the TDG level estimation performance was compared with the established correlation for 25 spillage cases at seven other dams. Among the considered cases, the standard error of the TDG estimation considering the energy dissipation efficiency was 5.7%, and those for the correlations obtained using the USACE equations were 13.0% and 10.0%. The findings indicated that the energy dissipation efficiency considerably influenced the TDG level, and its consideration helped enhance the precision of the TDG estimation. Finally, the generality of this approach and future work were discussed.

Interleaved DC–DC converters have significant advantages in improving the capability of power converters, and coupling the filtering inductor of the converter could further increase the power density. However, existing modeling and controller designs are complex and require multiple sensors to be involved in the control, which is not conducive to engineering implementation and reducing production costs. In view of this problem, taking a two-phase interleaved boost converter with a coupled inductor as an example, the small-signal models of the converter are derived for the resistive load and constant voltage source load using the state averaging method. The total inductor current is engaged in the control as a feedback signal, avoiding the coupling effect of the inductor on increasing the complexity of the controller. Based on this, a double closed-loop controller is designed, and a prototype of the two-phase interleaved boost converter with coupled inductor is built. Only one current sensor and one voltage sensor are required to participate in the control. The effectiveness of the analysis and design in this paper are verified by experiments.

Abstract Recurrent major depressive disorder (rMDD) is a relapsing-remitting disease with high morbidity and a 5-year risk of recurrence of up to 80%. This was a prospective pilot study to examine the potential diagnostic and prognostic value of targeted plasma metabolomics in the care of patients with rMDD in remission. We used an established LC-MS/MS platform to measure 399 metabolites in 68 subjects with rMDD (n = 45 females and 23 males) in antidepressant-free remission and 59 age- and sex-matched controls (n = 40 females and 19 males). Patients were then followed prospectively for 2.5 years. Metabolomics explained up to 43% of the phenotypic variance. The strongest biomarkers were gender specific. 80% of the metabolic predictors of recurrence in both males and females belonged to 6 pathways: (1) phospholipids, (2) sphingomyelins, (3) glycosphingolipids, (4) eicosanoids, (5) microbiome, and (6) purines. These changes traced to altered mitochondrial regulation of cellular redox, signaling, energy, and lipid metabolism. Metabolomics identified a chemical endophenotype that could be used to stratify rrMDD patients at greatest risk for recurrence with an accuracy over 0.90 (95%CI = 0.69–1.0). Power calculations suggest that a validation study of at least 198 females and 198 males (99 cases and 99 controls each) will be needed to confirm these results. Although a small study, these results are the first to show the potential utility of metabolomics in assisting with the important clinical challenge of prospectively identifying the patients at greatest risk of recurrence of a depressive episode and those who are at lower risk.

PTSD has been associated with DNA methylation of specific loci in the genome, but studies have been limited by small sample sizes. Here, the authors perform a meta-analysis of DNA methylation data from 10 different cohorts and identify CpGs in AHRR that are associated with PTSD.

Abstract Background Sepsis is a leading cause of death in intensive care units (ICUs), but outcomes of individual patients are difficult to predict. The recently developed clinical metabolomics has been recognized as a promising tool in the clinical practice of critical illness. The objective of this study was to identify the unique metabolic biomarkers and their pathways in the blood of sepsis nonsurvivors and to assess the prognostic value of these pathways. Methods We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane, Web of Science, CNKI, Wangfang Data, and CQVIP from inception until July 2019. Eligible studies included the metabolomic analysis of blood samples from sepsis patients with the outcome. The metabolic pathway was assigned to each metabolite biomarker. The meta-analysis was performed using the pooled fold changes, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC), and vote-counting of metabolic pathways. We also conducted a prospective cohort metabolomic study to validate the findings of our meta-analysis. Results The meta-analysis included 21 cohorts reported in 16 studies with 2509 metabolite comparisons in the blood of 1287 individuals. We found highly limited overlap of the reported metabolite biomarkers across studies. However, these metabolites were enriched in several death-related metabolic pathways (DRMPs) including amino acids, mitochondrial metabolism, eicosanoids, and lysophospholipids. Prediction of sepsis death using DRMPs yielded a pooled AUROC of 0.81 (95% CI 0.76–0.87), which was similar to the combined metabolite biomarkers with a merged AUROC of 0.82 (95% CI 0.78–0.86) (P > 0.05). A prospective metabolomic analysis of 188 sepsis patients (134 survivors and 54 nonsurvivors) using the metabolites from DRMPs produced an AUROC of 0.88 (95% CI 0.78–0.97). The sensitivity and specificity for the prediction of sepsis death were 80.4% (95% CI 66.9–89.4%) and 78.8% (95% CI 62.3–89.3%), respectively. Conclusions DRMP analysis minimizes the discrepancies of results obtained from different metabolomic methods and is more practical than blood metabolite biomarkers for sepsis mortality prediction. Trial registration The meta-analysis was registered on OSF Registries , and the prospective cohort study was registered on the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ( ChiCTR1800015321 ).

In the context of COVID-19, the research on various aspects of the venipuncture robot field has become increasingly hot, but there has been little research on robotic needle insertion angles, primarily performed at a rough angle. This will increase the rate of puncture failure. Furthermore, there is sometimes significant pain due to the patients’ differences. This paper investigates the optimal needle entry angle decision for a dorsal hand intravenous injection robot. The dorsal plane of the hand was obtained by a linear structured light scan, which was used as a basis for calculating the needle entry angle. Simulation experiments were also designed to determine the optimal needle entry angle. Firstly, the linear structured optical system was calibrated and optimized, and the error function was constructed and solved iteratively by the optimization method to eliminate measurement error. Besides, the dorsal hand was scanned to obtain the spatial point clouds of the needle entry area, and the least squares method was used to fit it to obtain the dorsal hand plane. Then, the needle entry angle was calculated based on the needle entry area plane. Finally, the changes in the penetration force under different needle entry angles were analyzed to determine the optimal needle insertion angle. According to the experimental results, the average error of the optimized structured light plane position was about 0.1 mm, which meets the needs of the project, and a large angle should be properly selected for needle insertion during the intravenous injection.

In computer vision technology, image segmentation is a significant technological advancement for the current problems of high-speed railroad image scene changes, low segmentation accuracy, and serious information loss. We propose a segmentation algorithm, DFA-UNet, based on an improved U-Net network architecture. The model uses the same encoder–decoder structure as U-Net. To be able to extract image features efficiently and further integrate the weights of each channel feature, we propose to embed the DFA attention module in the encoder part of the model for the adaptive adjustment of feature map weights. We evaluated the performance of the model on the RailSem19 dataset. The results showed that our model showed improvements of 2.48%, 0.22%, 3.31%, 0.97%, and 2.2% in mIoU, F1-score, Accuracy, Precision, and Recall, respectively, compared with U-Net. The model can effectively achieve the segmentation of railroad images.

The coal gangue after composite activation treatment is considered a potential low-carbon and green cementitious material, so the feasibility of employing composite-activated gangue to partially or entirely replace cement for building materials is systematically studied in this paper. The effects of alkali content, slag content, and water-to-binder ratio on the mechanical properties and frost resistance of alkali-activated coal gangue mortar (AACGM) were experimentally investigated. An ESEM was employed to observe the microstructure of the AACGM. Moreover, the microstructure damage to the AACGM was analyzed by a pixel-based image processing algorithm. The research was carried out in accordance with standards JGJ/T70-2009 and GB/T 50082-2009. Experimental results indicated that the mechanical properties and frost resistance of the AACGM were superior to those of ordinary Portland cement mortar (OPCM). Compared with the OPC group, the compressive and flexural strength of the W0.50 group increased by 16.01% and 14.19%. Moreover, the loss rate of mass, flexural strength, compressive strength, and microstructure damage of the AACGM were less than those of the OPCM. Between freeze–thaw cycles 25 and 100, the cracks and pores of specimens gradually grew, and the maximum crack width increased by 277.78%. In addition, the slag was beneficial in improving the flexural strength, compressive strength, and frost resistance of the AACGM. Finally, the freeze–thaw damage mechanism of the CGBG mortar was systematically analyzed.

The urbanization process of the Hanjiang Basin is speeding up and facing many challenges. It is necessary to take active actions to realize the balance between urbanization development and water environment protection. This paper aims to establish a comprehensive evaluation model of urbanization and water environment (UAWE) and explore the development of UAWE in the Hanjiang Basin in China from 2010 to 2018. In terms of methodology, these evaluation models are combined with the Coupling coordination degree model (CCDM), Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis (ESDA), and Geographically and Temporally Weighted Regression (GTWR) to measure and analyze the coupling degree (CD) and spatiotemporal heterogeneity of UAWE. Our findings include the following: (1) From 2010 to 2018, in all regions of the Hanjiang Basin, urbanization showed a gradual upward trend. Among Them, the comprehensive urbanization index (CUI) of Xiangyang increased by 25.37%. (2) The comprehensive water environment index (CWEI) presents a fluctuating growth, with the rate of increase in Jingmen's reaching 17.44%. (3) There is heterogeneity in time and space between cities in the Hanjiang Basin, and the positive interaction effect of UAWE is mainly focused on the middle and lower reaches of the Hanjiang River. (4) Coupling coordination degree (CCD) in the basin shows an increasing trend, and the areas with high CCD are mainly concentrated in Xiangyang and Xiantao. (5) ESDA shows that the CCD among cities in the basin has spatial correlation and heterogeneity, and the regions with similar CCD tend to be distributed centrally in space.

Background and Objective: The growing impact of the COVID-19 pandemic has heightened the urgency of identifying individuals most at risk of infection. Per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are manufactured fluorinated chemicals widely used in many industrial and household products. The objective of this case-control study was to assess the association between PFASs exposure and COVID-19 susceptibility and to elucidate the metabolic dysregulation associated with PFASs exposure in COVID-19 patients. Methods: Total 160 subjects (80 COVID-19 patients and 80 symptom-free controls) were recruited from Shanxi and Shandong provinces, two regions heavily polluted by PFASs in China. Twelve common PFASs were quantified in both urine and serum. Urine metabolome profiling was performed by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Results: In unadjusted models, the risk of COVID-19 infection was positively associated with urinary levels of perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) (Odds ratio: 2.29 [95% CI: 1.52–3.22]), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) (2.91, [1.95–4.83], and total PFASs (∑ (12) PFASs) (3.31, [2.05–4.65]). After controlling for age, sex, body mass index (BMI), comorbidities, and urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR), the associations remained statistically significant (Adjusted odds ratio of 1.94 [95% CI: 1.39–2.96] for PFOS, 2.73 [1.71–4.55] for PFOA, and 2.82 [1.97–3.51] for ∑ (12) PFASs). Urine metabolome-PFASs association analysis revealed that 59% of PFASs-associated urinary endogenous metabolites in COVID-19 patients were identified to be produced or largely regulated by mitochondrial function. In addition, the increase of PFASs exposure was associated with the accumulation of key metabolites in kynurenine metabolism, which are involved in immune responses (Combined β coefficient of 0.60 [95% CI: 0.25–0.95, P = 0.001]). Moreover, alternations in PFASs-associated metabolites in mitochondrial and kynurenine metabolism were also correlated with clinical lab biomarkers for mitochondrial function (serum growth/differentiation factor-15) and immune activity (lymphocyte percentage), respectively. Conclusion: Elevated exposure to PFASs was independently associated with an increased risk of COVID-19 infection. PFASs-associated metabolites were implicated in mitochondrial function and immune activity. Larger studies are needed to confirm our findings and further understand the underlying mechanisms of PFASs exposure in the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV2 infection.

Total dissolved gas (TDG) supersaturation caused by dam operations can cause fish gas bubble disease (GBD) and even fish kill. Few studies have examined the effects on pelagic species. Here, we examined the tolerance and avoidance characteristics of silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix), a pelagic fish widely distributed in the Yangtze River basin in China, under stress caused by TDG supersaturation. Silver carp had an average mortality rate of 7.5% ± 1.8%, 92.5% ± 1.8%, and 97.5% ± 1.8% under 130%, 140% and 150% TDG supersaturation for 72 h of exposure, respectively. The average median lethal time (LT50) of silver carp was 18.1 h and 8.0 h under 140% and 150% TDG supersaturation, respectively. Bubbles and congestion appeared in the fins, gills and skin of silver carp. Silver carp can detect and avoid high TDG supersaturation. Significant avoidance behaviors were displayed by silver carp and the final avoidance rate was over 80% under 130% or above TDG conditions. The results of this study indicate that 130% TDG supersaturation triggered silver carp avoidance behaviors, and can be considered as the tolerance threshold.

Abstract At present, the pose change of the face test sample is the main reason that affects the accuracy of face recognition, and the design of cross-pose recognition algorithm is a technical problem to be solved. In this paper, a cross-pose face recognition algorithm which integrates the regression iterative method and the interactive subspace method was proposed, and through the regression iteration, the target function converges rapidly and important characteristics of the sample were extracted. Then, the posture of cross-pose face image was estimated, and finally, the interactive subspace method was applied to judge the similarity of the human face. The experimental results of FERET face database (± 45°and ± 90° posture) and MIT-CBCL face database (N-fold cross-validation) showed that the proposed RIM-ISM algorithm had a higher recognition rate and robustness, and it could effectively solve the difficulty of cross-pose face recognition.

Compared to the equiatomic or near-equiatomic NiTinol alloys, Ni-rich NiTi alloys are suitable to be employed in structural applications as they exhibit higher hardness and are dimensionally stable. This research aimed to process two different grades of Ni-rich NiTi alloys, 58NiTi and 60NiTi, from Ni–Ti powder mixtures having about 58 wt.% and 60 wt.% Ni, respectively. This was performed by a laser powder bed fusion technique. At the first stage of this research, the printability of the used powder mixtures was investigated by applying different sets of printing parameters. Two appropriate sets were then selected to print the samples. Microstructural study of the printed parts revealed the existence of inhomogeneity in the microstructures. In addition, depending on the applied set of parameters, some amounts of cracks and pores were also present in the microstructure of these parts. Postprinting hot isostatic pressing procedures, performed at different temperatures, were developed to cause the reaction of phases, homogenize the parts, and possibly eliminate the existing flaws from the samples. Effects of these applied treatments on the microstructure, phase composition, density, dimensional integrity, and hardness of parts were sequentially studied. In essence, 58NiTi and 60NiTi parts having phase compositions complying with those of the equilibrium phase diagram were obtained in this research. However, the mentioned cracks and pores, formed in the microstructure of as-printed parts, could not be fully removed by postprocessing treatments.

Total dissolved gas (TDG) is suggested to be one possible explanation for the extensive mortality of endemic fish suffered from gas bubble disease (GBD). We investigated the effects of water depth on adult Schitzothorax prenanti susceptibility to GBD in TDG supersaturated water 11.5 km downstream of Dagangshan dam in a two-year (2016–2017) live cage study. The probability of survival significantly increased at greater depth. The mortality of fish at 1–2 m was reduced to 50% of that at 0–1 m and the mortality rate for fish at 2–3 m was reduced to 25% of that at 0–1 m. Fish that survived in-situ TDG exposure in 2016 were relocated to equilibrated water and observed for 274 d to investigate sublethal effects of GBD. The surviving fish showed a substantial reduction in growth compared to the control group. During the flood discharge period in 2017, fish were re-exposed to TDG supersaturated water after a period of recovery (274 d) in equilibrated water. The mortality rate of re-exposed fish decreased to 35% compared to newly introduced fish. Our results contribute to the protection of aquatic organisms and the improvement of eco-friendly hydroelectric dam operations in the Yangtze River.

Physical exercise is effective in enhancing cognitive function, reducing anxiety and depressive symptoms, reducing cravings, and improving quality of life in methamphetamine (METH) addiction. However, little is known about the effect of exercise on metabolic profiles. We performed LC/MS-based targeted metabolic profiling on serum samples to investigate the metabolic characteristics of METH dependence and find the differences between METH-dependent individuals and nonusers and evaluated the metabolomic profiles of individuals with METH dependence following aerobic exercise training. We identified a total of 201 metabolites, among which 115 were differentially expressed under METH use. Among the differentially regulated metabolites, 72 were selected as potential biomarkers. Further analysis identified 19 pathways, among which glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism; alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism; and citrate cycle were most significantly affected by METH. The aerobic exercise intervention differentially regulated 55 metabolites, of which 51 were selected as potential biomarkers and were mainly enriched in 10 pathways. Interestingly, alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism and nitrogen metabolism were the remarkably affected pathways. Furthermore, METH increased the serum levels of glutamate and decreased GABA, whereas exercise decreased the serum levels of glutamate and increased GABA. Results suggested that METH dependency disturbed normal metabolic homeostasis, whereas exercise restored metabolism.

Abstract Recurrent angina (RA) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has few known risk factors, hampering the identification of high‐risk populations. In this multicenter study, plasma samples are collected from patients with stable angina after PCI, and these patients are followed‐up for 9 months for angina recurrence. Broad‐spectrum metabolomic profiling with LC‐MS/MS followed by multiple machine learning algorithms is conducted to identify the metabolic signatures associated with future risk of angina recurrence in two large cohorts (n = 750 for discovery set, and n = 775 for additional independent discovery cohort). The metabolic predictors are further validated in a third cohort from another center (n = 130) using a clinically‐sound quantitative approach. Compared to angina‐free patients, the remitted patients with future RA demonstrates a unique chemical endophenotype dominated by abnormalities in chemical communication across lipid membranes and mitochondrial function. A novel multi‐metabolite predictive model constructed from these latent signatures can stratify remitted patients at high‐risk for angina recurrence with over 89% accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity across three independent cohorts. Our findings revealed reproducible plasma metabolic signatures to predict patients with a latent future risk of RA during post‐PCI remission, allowing them to be treated in advance before an event.

This study aimed to identify the specimen type that has high positivity and its proper sampling time for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) testing to promote diagnostic efficiency. All SARS-CoV-2-infected patients with a laboratory-confirmed diagnosis in Zhoushan City were followed up for viral shedding in respiratory tract specimens and faecal samples. Positivity was analysed both qualitatively and quantitatively by proper statistical approaches with strong testing power. Viral shedding in respiratory tract and faecal specimens was prolonged to 45 and 40 days after the last exposure, respectively. The overall positive rate in respiratory tract specimens was low and relatively unstable, being higher in the early-to-mid stage than in the mid-to-late stage of the disease course. Compared with respiratory tract specimens, faecal samples had a higher viral load, higher overall positive rate, and more stable positivity in different disease courses and varied symptomatic status. Faecal specimens have the potential ability to surpass respiratory tract specimens in virus detection. Testing of faecal specimens in diagnosis, especially for identifying asymptomatic carriers, is recommended. Simultaneously, testing respiratory tract specimens at the early-to-mid stage is better than testing at the mid-to-late stage of the disease course. A relatively small sample size was noted, and statistical approaches were used to address it. Information was missing for both specimen types at different stages of the disease course due to censored data. Our research extends the observed viral shedding in both specimen types and highlights the importance of faecal specimen testing in SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis. Healthcare workers, patients, and the general public may all benefit from our study findings. Disposal of sewage from hospitals and residential areas should be performed cautiously because the virus sheds in faeces and can last for a long time.

Since 2012, studies in mice, rats, and humans have suggested that abnormalities in purinergic signaling may be a final common pathway for many genetic and environmental causes of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The current study in mice was conducted to characterize the bioenergetic, metabolomic, breathomic, and behavioral features of acute hyperpurinergia triggered by systemic injection of the purinergic agonist and danger signal, extracellular ATP (eATP). Responses were studied in C57BL/6J mice in the maternal immune activation (MIA) model and controls. Basal metabolic rates and locomotor activity were measured in CLAMS cages. Plasma metabolomics measured 401 metabolites. Breathomics measured 98 volatile organic compounds. Intraperitoneal eATP dropped basal metabolic rate measured by whole body oxygen consumption by 74% ± 6% (mean ± SEM) and rectal temperature by 6.2˚ ± 0.3˚C in 30 minutes. Over 200 metabolites from 37 different biochemical pathways where changed. Breathomics showed an increase in exhaled carbon monoxide, dimethylsulfide, and isoprene. Metabolomics revealed an acute increase in lactate, citrate, purines, urea, dopamine, eicosanoids, microbiome metabolites, oxidized glutathione, thiamine, niacinamide, and pyridoxic acid, and decreased folate-methylation-1-carbon intermediates, amino acids, short and medium chain acyl-carnitines, phospholipids, ceramides, sphingomyelins, cholesterol, bile acids, and vitamin D similar to some children with ASD. MIA animals were hypersensitive to postnatal exposure to eATP or poly(IC), which produced a rebound increase in body temperature that lasted several weeks before returning to baseline. Acute hyperpurinergia produced metabolic and behavioral changes in mice. The behaviors and metabolic changes produced by ATP injection were associated with mitochondrial functional changes that were profound but reversible.

The swimming abilities of Spinibarbus hollandi, Siniperca chuatsi, Siniperca loona, Odontobutis sinensis and Rhinogobius giurinus were tested in this study, including induced swimming speed (Uind), critical swimming speed (Ucrit) and constant acceleration test speed (UCAT). The results showed that the Uind of the experimental fish in the Huishui River ranged from 5 to 30 cm/s. The average Ucrit of fish was 68.2 cm/s and 5 times the average Uind. The average UCAT was 97.6 cm/s and 7 times the Uind. The swimming speed of fish is related to their body size. The results showed that the swimming speed was more correlated with the shape than the body length of fish. The relationships between the three speeds and the shape of the experimental fish wereUind=9.809S0.128Ucrit=37.954S0.185, andUCAT=58.418S0.099. The differences in Uind between the five fishes were not obvious, while there were significant differences in Ucrit and UCAT between the five fish species. The results of this study suggested that Spinibarbus hollandi, Siniperca chuatsi, and Siniperca loona have stronger swimming abilities than Odontobutis sinensis and Rhinogobius giurinus.

Determining how to restore fish migration routes blocked by large dams is the subject of great debate. Fishways are effective engineering measures restoring fish migration routes. However, most fishways in China do not carry out their target functions. Additionally, no studies have investigated key fishway technologies in the plateaus of Western China. In this research, the relationship between fish behavior and hydrodynamics was assessed by conducting quantitative descriptions of flow speed, turbulence, and other hydraulic indicators. First, target fish species of the plateaus of Western China were determined; then, swimming capabilities and migration characteristics of target fish were assessed. Then the preliminary hydraulic conditions for fishway projects in the plateaus of Western China were proposed. Finally, on-site migration experiments in the fishways were conducted to validate the preliminary hydraulic conditions. Keywords: Ecological hydraulics, Ecological restoration, Environmental management, Fish migration, Fish swimming capability, Fishway