65 results on '"Kautz, T"'
Search Results
2. Behavioral responses of terrestrial mammals to COVID-19 lockdowns
- Author
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Tucker, M., Schipper, A., Adams, T., Attias, N., Avgar, T., Babic, N., Barker, K., Bastille-Rousseau, G., Behr, D., Belant, J., Beyer Jr, D., Blaum, N., Blount, D., Bockmühl, D., Pires Boulhosa, R. L., Brown, M., Buuveibaatar, B., Cagnacci, F., (0000-0003-0575-6408) Calabrese, J., Černe, R., Chamaillé-Jammes, S., Chan, A. N., Chase, M., Chaval, Y., Chenaux-Ibrahim, Y., Cherry, S., Ćirović, D., Çoban, E., Cole, E., Conlee, L., Courtemanch, A., Cozzi, G., Davidson, S., Debloois, D., Dejid, N., Denicola, V., Desbiez, A., Douglas-Hamilton, I., Drake, D., Egan, M., Eikelboom, J., Fagan, W., Farmer, M., Fennessy, J., Finnegan, S., Fleming, C., Fournier, B., Fowler, N., Gantchoff, M., Garnier, A., Gehr, B., Geremia, C., Goheen, J., Hauptfleisch, M., Hebblewhite, M., Heim, M., Hertel, A., Heurich, M., Hewison, M., Hodson, J., Hoffman, N., Hopcraft, G., Huber, D., Isaac, E., Janik, K., Ježek, M., Johansson, Ö., Jordan, N., Kaczensky, P., Kamaru, D., Kauffman, M., Kautz, T., Kays, R., Kelly, A., Kindberg, J., Krofel, M., Kusak, J., Lamb, C., Lasharr, T., Leimgruber, P., Leitner, H., Lierz, M., Linnell, J., Lkhagvaja, P., Long, R., López-Bao, J., Loretto, M.-C., Marchand, P., Martin, H., Martinez, L., Mcbride Jr, R., Mclaren, A., Meisingset, E., Melzheimer, J., Merrill, E., Middleton, A., Monteith, K., Moore, S., Moorter, B. V., Morellet, N., Morrison, T., Müller, R., Mysterud, A., Noonan, M., O’Connor, D., Olson, D., Olson, K., Ortega, A., Ossi, F., Panzacchi, M., Patchett, R., Patterson, B., Paula, R. C. D., Payne, J., Peters, W., Petroelje, T., Pitcher, B., Pokorny, B., Poole, K., Potočnik, H., Poulin, M.-P., Pringle, R., Prins, H., Ranc, N., Reljić, S., Robb, B., Röder, R., Rolandsen, C., Rutz, C., Salemgareyev, A., Samelius, G., Sayine-Crawford, H., Schooler, S., Şekercioğlu, Ç., Selva, N., Semenzato, P., Sergiel, A., Sharma, K., Shawler, A., Signer, J., Silovský, V., Silva, J., Simon, R., Smiley, R., Smith, D., Solberg, E., Soto, D., Spiegel, O., Stabach, J., Stacy-Dawes, J., Stahler, D., Stephenson, J., Stewart, C., Strand, O., Sunde, P., Svoboda, N., Swart, J., Thompson, J., Toal, K., Uiseb, K., Vanacker, M., Velilla, M., Verzuh, T., Wachter, B., Wagler, B., Whittington, J., Wikelski, M., Wilmers, C., Wittemyer, G., Young, J., Zięba, F., Zwijacz-Kozica, T., Huijbregts, M., Mueller, T., Tucker, M., Schipper, A., Adams, T., Attias, N., Avgar, T., Babic, N., Barker, K., Bastille-Rousseau, G., Behr, D., Belant, J., Beyer Jr, D., Blaum, N., Blount, D., Bockmühl, D., Pires Boulhosa, R. L., Brown, M., Buuveibaatar, B., Cagnacci, F., (0000-0003-0575-6408) Calabrese, J., Černe, R., Chamaillé-Jammes, S., Chan, A. N., Chase, M., Chaval, Y., Chenaux-Ibrahim, Y., Cherry, S., Ćirović, D., Çoban, E., Cole, E., Conlee, L., Courtemanch, A., Cozzi, G., Davidson, S., Debloois, D., Dejid, N., Denicola, V., Desbiez, A., Douglas-Hamilton, I., Drake, D., Egan, M., Eikelboom, J., Fagan, W., Farmer, M., Fennessy, J., Finnegan, S., Fleming, C., Fournier, B., Fowler, N., Gantchoff, M., Garnier, A., Gehr, B., Geremia, C., Goheen, J., Hauptfleisch, M., Hebblewhite, M., Heim, M., Hertel, A., Heurich, M., Hewison, M., Hodson, J., Hoffman, N., Hopcraft, G., Huber, D., Isaac, E., Janik, K., Ježek, M., Johansson, Ö., Jordan, N., Kaczensky, P., Kamaru, D., Kauffman, M., Kautz, T., Kays, R., Kelly, A., Kindberg, J., Krofel, M., Kusak, J., Lamb, C., Lasharr, T., Leimgruber, P., Leitner, H., Lierz, M., Linnell, J., Lkhagvaja, P., Long, R., López-Bao, J., Loretto, M.-C., Marchand, P., Martin, H., Martinez, L., Mcbride Jr, R., Mclaren, A., Meisingset, E., Melzheimer, J., Merrill, E., Middleton, A., Monteith, K., Moore, S., Moorter, B. V., Morellet, N., Morrison, T., Müller, R., Mysterud, A., Noonan, M., O’Connor, D., Olson, D., Olson, K., Ortega, A., Ossi, F., Panzacchi, M., Patchett, R., Patterson, B., Paula, R. C. D., Payne, J., Peters, W., Petroelje, T., Pitcher, B., Pokorny, B., Poole, K., Potočnik, H., Poulin, M.-P., Pringle, R., Prins, H., Ranc, N., Reljić, S., Robb, B., Röder, R., Rolandsen, C., Rutz, C., Salemgareyev, A., Samelius, G., Sayine-Crawford, H., Schooler, S., Şekercioğlu, Ç., Selva, N., Semenzato, P., Sergiel, A., Sharma, K., Shawler, A., Signer, J., Silovský, V., Silva, J., Simon, R., Smiley, R., Smith, D., Solberg, E., Soto, D., Spiegel, O., Stabach, J., Stacy-Dawes, J., Stahler, D., Stephenson, J., Stewart, C., Strand, O., Sunde, P., Svoboda, N., Swart, J., Thompson, J., Toal, K., Uiseb, K., Vanacker, M., Velilla, M., Verzuh, T., Wachter, B., Wagler, B., Whittington, J., Wikelski, M., Wilmers, C., Wittemyer, G., Young, J., Zięba, F., Zwijacz-Kozica, T., Huijbregts, M., and Mueller, T.
- Abstract
COVID-19 lockdowns in early 2020 reduced human mobility, providing an opportunity to disentangle its effects on animals from those of landscape modifications. Using GPS data, we compared movements and road avoidance of 2300 terrestrial mammals (43 species) during the lockdowns to the same period in 2019. Individual responses were variable with no change in average movements or road avoidance behavior, likely due to variable lockdown conditions. However, under strict lockdowns 10-day 95th percentile displacements increased by 73%, suggesting increased landscape permeability. Animals’ 1-hour 95th percentile displacements declined by 12% and animals were 36% closer to roads in areas of high human footprint, indicating reduced avoidance during lockdowns. Overall, lockdowns rapidly altered some spatial behaviors, highlighting variable but substantial impacts of human mobility on wildlife worldwide.
- Published
- 2023
3. New insights into the genetic etiology of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias
- Author
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Bellenguez, C., Küçükali, F., Jansen, I. E., Kleineidam, L., Moreno-Grau, S., Amin, N., Naj, A. C., Campos-Martin, R., Grenier-Boley, B., Andrade, V., Holmans, P. A., Boland, A., Damotte, V., van der Lee, S. J., Costa, M. R., Kuulasmaa, T., Yang, Q., de Rojas, I., Bis, J. C., Yaqub, A., Prokic, I., Chapuis, J., Ahmad, S., Giedraitis, V., Aarsland, D., Garcia-Gonzalez, P., Abdelnour, C., Alarcón-Martín, E., Alcolea, D., Alegret, M., Alvarez, I., Álvarez, V., Armstrong, N. J., Tsolaki, A., Antúnez, C., Appollonio, I., Arcaro, M., Archetti, S., Pastor, A. A., Arosio, B., Athanasiu, L., Bailly, H., Banaj, N., Baquero, M., Barral, S., Beiser, A., Pastor, A. B., Below, J. E., Benchek, P., Benussi, L., Berr, C., Besse, C., Bessi, V., Binetti, G., Bizarro, A., Blesa, R., Boada, M., Boerwinkle, E., Borroni, B., Boschi, S., Bossù, P., Bråthen, G., Bressler, J., Bresner, C., Brodaty, H., Brookes, K. J., Brusco, L. I., Buiza-Rueda, D., Bûrger, K., Burholt, V., Bush, W. S., Calero, M., Cantwell, L. B., Chene, G., Chung, J., Cuccaro, M. L., Carracedo, Á., Cecchetti, R., Cervera-Carles, L., Charbonnier, C., Chen, H. -H., Chillotti, C., Ciccone, S., Claassen, J. A. H. R., Clark, C., Conti, E., Corma-Gómez, A., Costantini, E., Custodero, C., Daian, D., Dalmasso, M. C., Daniele, A., Dardiotis, E., Dartigues, J. -F., de Deyn, P. P., de Paiva Lopes, K., de Witte, L. D., Debette, S., Deckert, J., del Ser, T., Denning, N., Destefano, A., Dichgans, M., Diehl-Schmid, J., Diez-Fairen, M., Rossi, P. D., Djurovic, S., Duron, E., Düzel, E., Dufouil, C., Eiriksdottir, G., Engelborghs, S., Escott-Price, V., Espinosa, A., Ewers, M., Faber, K. M., Fabrizio, T., Nielsen, S. F., Fardo, D. W., Farotti, L., Fenoglio, C., Fernández-Fuertes, M., Ferrari, R., Ferreira, C. B., Ferri, E., Fin, B., Fischer, P., Fladby, T., Fließbach, K., Fongang, B., Fornage, M., Fortea, J., Foroud, T. M., Fostinelli, S., Fox, N. C., Franco-Macías, E., Bullido, M. J., Frank-García, A., Froelich, L., Fulton-Howard, B., Galimberti, D., García-Alberca, J. M., García-González, P., Garcia-Madrona, S., Garcia-Ribas, G., Ghidoni, R., Giegling, I., Giorgio, G., Goate, A. M., Goldhardt, O., Gomez-Fonseca, D., González-Pérez, A., Graff, C., Grande, G., Green, E., Grimmer, T., Grünblatt, E., Grunin, M., Gudnason, V., Guetta-Baranes, T., Haapasalo, A., Hadjigeorgiou, G., Haines, J. L., Hamilton-Nelson, K. L., Hampel, H., Hanon, O., Hardy, J., Hartmann, A. M., Hausner, L., Harwood, J., Heilmann-Heimbach, S., Helisalmi, S., Heneka, M. T., Hernández, I., Herrmann, M. J., Hoffmann, P., Holmes, C., Holstege, H., Vilas, R. H., Hulsman, M., Humphrey, J., Biessels, G. J., Jian, X., Johansson, C., Jun, G. R., Kastumata, Y., Kauwe, J., Kehoe, P. G., Kilander, L., Ståhlbom, A. K., Kivipelto, M., Koivisto, A., Kornhuber, J., Kosmidis, M. H., Kukull, W. A., Kuksa, P. P., Kunkle, B. W., Kuzma, A. B., Lage, C., Laukka, E. J., Launer, L., Lauria, A., Lee, C. -Y., Lehtisalo, J., Lerch, O., Lleó, A., Longstreth, W., Lopez, O., de Munain, A. L., Love, S., Löwemark, M., Luckcuck, L., Lunetta, K. L., Ma, Y., Macías, J., Macleod, C. A., Maier, W., Mangialasche, F., Spallazzi, M., Marquié, M., Marshall, R., Martin, E. R., Montes, A. M., Rodríguez, C. M., Masullo, C., Mayeux, R., Mead, S., Mecocci, P., Medina, M., Meggy, A., Mehrabian, S., Mendoza, S., Menéndez-González, M., Mir, P., Moebus, S., Mol, M., Molina-Porcel, L., Montrreal, L., Morelli, L., Moreno, F., Morgan, K., Mosley, T., Nöthen, M. M., Muchnik, C., Mukherjee, S., Nacmias, B., Ngandu, T., Nicolas, G., Nordestgaard, B. G., Olaso, R., Orellana, A., Orsini, M., Ortega, G., Padovani, A., Paolo, C., Papenberg, G., Parnetti, L., Pasquier, F., Pastor, P., Peloso, G., Pérez-Cordón, A., Pérez-Tur, J., Pericard, P., Peters, O., Pijnenburg, Y. A. L., Pineda, J. A., Piñol-Ripoll, G., Pisanu, C., Polak, T., Popp, J., Posthuma, D., Priller, J., Puerta, R., Quenez, O., Quintela, I., Thomassen, J. Q., Rábano, A., Rainero, I., Rajabli, F., Ramakers, I., Real, L. M., Reinders, M. J. T., Reitz, C., Reyes-Dumeyer, D., Ridge, P., Riedel-Heller, S., Riederer, P., Roberto, N., Rodriguez-Rodriguez, E., Rongve, A., Allende, I. R., Rosende-Roca, M., Royo, J. L., Rubino, E., Rujescu, D., Sáez, M. E., Sakka, P., Saltvedt, I., Sanabria, Á., Sánchez-Arjona, M. B., Sanchez-Garcia, F., Juan, P. S., Sánchez-Valle, R., Sando, S. B., Sarnowski, C., Satizabal, C. L., Scamosci, M., Scarmeas, N., Scarpini, E., Scheltens, P., Scherbaum, N., Scherer, M., Schmid, M., Schneider, A., Schott, J. M., Selbæk, G., Seripa, D., Serrano, M., Sha, J., Shadrin, A. A., Skrobot, O., Slifer, S., Snijders, G. J. L., Soininen, H., Solfrizzi, V., Solomon, A., Song, Y. E., Sorbi, S., Sotolongo-Grau, O., Spalletta, G., Spottke, A., Squassina, A., Stordal, E., Tartan, J. P., Tárraga, L., Tesí, N., Thalamuthu, A., Thomas, T., Tosto, G., Traykov, L., Tremolizzo, L., Tybjærg-Hansen, A., Uitterlinden, A., Ullgren, A., Ulstein, I., Valero, S., Valladares, O., Broeckhoven, C. V., Vance, J., Vardarajan, B. N., van der Lugt, A., Dongen, J. V., van Rooij, J., van Swieten, J., Vandenberghe, R., Verhey, F., Vidal, J. -S., Vogelgsang, J., Vyhnalek, M., Wagner, M., Wallon, D., Wang, L. -S., Wang, R., Weinhold, L., Wiltfang, J., Windle, G., Woods, B., Yannakoulia, M., Zare, H., Zhao, Y., Zhang, X., Zhu, C., Zulaica, M., Laczo, J., Matoska, V., Serpente, M., Assogna, F., Piras, F., Ciullo, V., Shofany, J., Ferrarese, C., Andreoni, S., Sala, G., Zoia, C. P., Zompo, M. D., Benussi, A., Bastiani, P., Takalo, M., Natunen, T., Laatikainen, T., Tuomilehto, J., Antikainen, R., Strandberg, T., Lindström, J., Peltonen, M., Abraham, R., Al-Chalabi, A., Bass, N. J., Brayne, C., Brown, K. S., Collinge, J., Craig, D., Deloukas, P., Fox, N., Gerrish, A., Gill, M., Gwilliam, R., Harold, D., Hollingworth, P., Johnston, J. A., Jones, L., Lawlor, B., Livingston, G., Lovestone, S., Lupton, M., Lynch, A., Mann, D., Mcguinness, B., Mcquillin, A., O’Donovan, M. C., Owen, M. J., Passmore, P., Powell, J. F., Proitsi, P., Rossor, M., Shaw, C. E., Smith, A. D., Gurling, H., Todd, S., Mummery, C., Ryan, N., Lacidogna, G., Adarmes-Gómez, A., Mauleón, A., Pancho, A., Gailhajenet, A., Lafuente, A., Macias-García, D., Martín, E., Pelejà, E., Carrillo, F., Merlín, I. S., Garrote-Espina, L., Vargas, L., Carrion-Claro, M., Marín, M., Labrador, M., Buendia, M., Alonso, M. D., Guitart, M., Moreno, M., Ibarria, M., Periñán, M., Aguilera, N., Gómez-Garre, P., Cañabate, P., Escuela, R., Pineda-Sánchez, R., Vigo-Ortega, R., Jesús, S., Preckler, S., Rodrigo-Herrero, S., Diego, S., Vacca, A., Roveta, F., Salvadori, N., Chipi, E., Boecker, H., Laske, C., Perneczky, R., Anastasiou, C., Janowitz, D., Malik, R., Anastasiou, A., Parveen, K., López-García, S., Antonell, A., Mihova, K. Y., Belezhanska, D., Weber, H., Kochen, S., Solis, P., Medel, N., Lisso, J., Sevillano, Z., Politis, D. G., Cores, V., Cuesta, C., Ortiz, C., Bacha, J. I., Rios, M., Saenz, A., Abalos, M. S., Kohler, E., Palacio, D. L., Etchepareborda, I., Kohler, M., Novack, G., Prestia, F. A., Galeano, P., Castaño, E. M., Germani, S., Toso, C. R., Rojo, M., Ingino, C., Mangone, C., Rubinsztein, D. C., Teipel, S., Fievet, N., Deramerourt, V., Forsell, C., Thonberg, H., Bjerke, M., Roeck, E. D., Martínez-Larrad, M. T., Olivar, N., Cano, A., Macias, J., Maroñas, O., Nuñez-Llaves, R., Olivé, C., Adarmes-Gómez, A. D., Amer-Ferrer, G., Antequera, M., Burguera, J. A., Casajeros, M. J., Martinez de Pancorbo, M., Hevilla, S., Espinosa, M. A. L., Legaz, A., Manzanares, S., Marín-Muñoz, J., Marín, T., Martínez, B., Martínez, V., Martínez-Lage Álvarez, P., Iriarte, M. M., Periñán-Tocino, M. T., Real de Asúa, D., Rodrigo, S., Sastre, I., Vicente, M. P., Vivancos, L., Epelbaum, J., Hannequin, D., Campion, D., Deramecourt, V., Tzourio, C., Brice, A., Dubois, B., Williams, A., Thomas, C., Davies, C., Nash, W., Dowzell, K., Morales, A. C., Bernardo-Harrington, M., Turton, J., Lord, J., Brown, K., Vardy, E., Fisher, E., Warren, J. D., Ryan, N. S., Guerreiro, R., Uphill, J., Bass, N., Heun, R., Kölsch, H., Schürmann, B., Lacour, A., Herold, C., Powell, J., Patel, Y., Hodges, A., Becker, T., Warden, D., Wilcock, G., Clarke, R., Ben-Shlomo, Y., Hooper, N. M., Pickering-Brown, S., Sussams, R., Warner, N., Bayer, A., Heuser, I., Drichel, D., Klopp, N., Mayhaus, M., Riemenschneider, M., Pinchler, S., Feulner, T., Gu, W., van den Bussche, H., Hüll, M., Frölich, L., Wichmann, H. -E., Jöckel, K. -H., O’Donovan, M., Owen, M., Bahrami, S., Bosnes, I., Selnes, P., Bergh, S., Palotie, A., Daly, M., Jacob, H., Matakidou, A., Runz, H., John, S., Plenge, R., Mccarthy, M., Hunkapiller, J., Ehm, M., Waterworth, D., Fox, C., Malarstig, A., Klinger, K., Call, K., Behrens, T., Loerch, P., Mäkelä, T., Kaprio, J., Virolainen, P., Pulkki, K., Kilpi, T., Perola, M., Partanen, J., Pitkäranta, A., Kaarteenaho, R., Vainio, S., Turpeinen, M., Serpi, R., Laitinen, T., Mäkelä, J., Kosma, V. -M., Kujala, U., Tuovila, O., Hendolin, M., Pakkanen, R., Waring, J., Riley-Gillis, B., Liu, J., Biswas, S., Diogo, D., Marshall, C., Hu, X., Gossel, M., Graham, R., Cummings, B., Ripatti, S., Schleutker, J., Arvas, M., Carpén, O., Hinttala, R., Kettunen, J., Mannermaa, A., Laukkanen, J., Julkunen, V., Remes, A., Kälviäinen, R., Peltola, J., Tienari, P., Rinne, J., Ziemann, A., Esmaeeli, S., Smaoui, N., Lehtonen, A., Eaton, S., Lahdenperä, S., van Adelsberg, J., Michon, J., Kerchner, G., Bowers, N., Teng, E., Eicher, J., Mehta, V., Gormley, P., Linden, K., Whelan, C., Xu, F., Pulford, D., Färkkilä, M., Pikkarainen, S., Jussila, A., Blomster, T., Kiviniemi, M., Voutilainen, M., Georgantas, B., Heap, G., Rahimov, F., Usiskin, K., Lu, T., Oh, D., Kalpala, K., Miller, M., Mccarthy, L., Eklund, K., Palomäki, A., Isomäki, P., Pirilä, L., Kaipiainen-Seppänen, O., Huhtakangas, J., Lertratanakul, A., Hochfeld, M., Bing, N., Gordillo, J. E., Mars, N., Pelkonen, M., Kauppi, P., Kankaanranta, H., Harju, T., Close, D., Greenberg, S., Chen, H., Betts, J., Ghosh, S., Salomaa, V., Niiranen, T., Juonala, M., Metsärinne, K., Kähönen, M., Junttila, J., Laakso, M., Pihlajamäki, J., Sinisalo, J., Taskinen, M. -R., Tuomi, T., Challis, B., Peterson, A., Chu, A., Parkkinen, J., Muslin, A., Joensuu, H., Meretoja, T., Aaltonen, L., Mattson, J., Auranen, A., Karihtala, P., Kauppila, S., Auvinen, P., Elenius, K., Popovic, R., Schutzman, J., Loboda, A., Chhibber, A., Lehtonen, H., Mcdonough, S., Crohns, M., Kulkarni, D., Kaarniranta, K., Turunen, J. A., Ollila, T., Seitsonen, S., Uusitalo, H., Aaltonen, V., Uusitalo-Järvinen, H., Luodonpää, M., Hautala, N., Loomis, S., Strauss, E., Podgornaia, A., Hoffman, J., Tasanen, K., Huilaja, L., Hannula-Jouppi, K., Salmi, T., Peltonen, S., Koulu, L., Harvima, I., Wu, Y., Choy, D., Pussinen, P., Salminen, A., Salo, T., Rice, D., Nieminen, P., Palotie, U., Siponen, M., Suominen, L., Mäntylä, P., Gursoy, U., Anttonen, V., Sipilä, K., Davis, J. W., Quarless, D., Petrovski, S., Wigmore, E., Chen, C. -Y., Bronson, P., Tsai, E., Huang, Y., Maranville, J., Shaikho, E., Mohammed, E., Wadhawan, S., Kvikstad, E., Caliskan, M., Chang, D., Bhangale, T., Pendergrass, S., Holzinger, E., Chen, X., Hedman, Å., King, K. S., Wang, C., Xu, E., Auge, F., Chatelain, C., Rajpal, D., Liu, D., Xia, T. -H., Brauer, M., Kurki, M., Karjalainen, J., Havulinna, A., Jalanko, A., Palta, P., della Briotta Parolo, P., Zhou, W., Lemmelä, S., Rivas, M., Harju, J., Lehisto, A., Ganna, A., Llorens, V., Laivuori, H., Rüeger, S., Niemi, M. E., Tukiainen, T., Reeve, M. P., Heyne, H., Palin, K., Garcia-Tabuenca, J., Siirtola, H., Kiiskinen, T., Lee, J., Tsuo, K., Elliott, A., Kristiansson, K., Hyvärinen, K., Ritari, J., Koskinen, M., Pylkäs, K., Kalaoja, M., Karjalainen, M., Mantere, T., Kangasniemi, E., Heikkinen, S., Laakkonen, E., Sipeky, C., Heron, S., Karlsson, A., Jambulingam, D., Rathinakannan, V. S., Kajanne, R., Aavikko, M., Jiménez, M. G., della Briotta Parola, P., Kanai, M., Kaunisto, M., Kilpeläinen, E., Sipilä, T. 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Liu, Marisa, Loitfelder, Alisa, Manning, Pauline, Maillard, Riccardo, Marioni, Bernard, Mazoyer, Debora Melo van Lent, Hao, Mei, Aniket, Mishra, Paul, Nyquist, Jeffrey, O'Connell, Yash, Patel, Tomas, Paus, Zdenka, Pausova, Katri, Raikkonen-Talvitie, Moeen, Riaz, Stephen, Rich, Jerome, Rotter, Jose, Romero, Gena, Roshchupkin, Yasaman, Saba, Murali, Sargurupremraj, Helena, Schmidt, Reinhold, Schmidt, Joshua, M Shulman, Jennifer, Smith, Hema, Sekhar, Reddy, Rajula, Jean, Shin, Jeannette, Simino, Eeva, Sliz, Alexander, Teumer, Alvin, Thomas, Adrienne, Tin, Elliot, Tucker-Drob, Dina, Vojinovic, Yanbing, Wang, Galit, Weinstein, Dylan, Williams, Katharina, Wittfeld, Lisa, Yanek, Yunju, Yang, Bellenguez, C, Küçükali, F, Jansen, I, Kleineidam, L, Moreno-Grau, S, Amin, N, Naj, A, Campos-Martin, R, Grenier-Boley, B, Andrade, V, Holmans, P, Boland, A, Damotte, V, van der Lee, S, Costa, M, Kuulasmaa, T, Yang, Q, de Rojas, I, Bis, J, Yaqub, A, Prokic, I, Chapuis, J, Ahmad, S, Giedraitis, V, Aarsland, D, Garcia-Gonzalez, P, Abdelnour, C, Alarcón-Martín, E, Alcolea, D, Alegret, M, Alvarez, I, Álvarez, V, Armstrong, N, Tsolaki, A, Antúnez, C, Appollonio, I, Arcaro, M, Archetti, S, Pastor, A, Arosio, B, Athanasiu, L, Bailly, H, Banaj, N, Baquero, M, Barral, S, Beiser, A, Below, J, Benchek, P, Benussi, L, Berr, C, Besse, C, Bessi, V, Binetti, G, Bizarro, A, Blesa, R, Boada, M, Boerwinkle, E, Borroni, B, Boschi, S, Bossù, P, Bråthen, G, Bressler, J, Bresner, C, Brodaty, H, Brookes, K, Brusco, L, Buiza-Rueda, D, Bûrger, K, Burholt, V, Bush, W, Calero, M, Cantwell, L, Chene, G, Chung, J, Cuccaro, M, Carracedo, Á, Cecchetti, R, Cervera-Carles, L, Charbonnier, C, Chen, H, Chillotti, C, Ciccone, S, Claassen, J, Clark, C, Conti, E, Corma-Gómez, A, Costantini, E, Custodero, C, Daian, D, Dalmasso, M, Daniele, A, Dardiotis, E, Dartigues, J, de Deyn, P, de Paiva Lopes, K, de Witte, L, Debette, S, Deckert, J, Del Ser, T, Denning, N, Destefano, A, Dichgans, M, Diehl-Schmid, J, Diez-Fairen, M, Rossi, P, Djurovic, S, Duron, E, Düzel, E, Dufouil, C, Eiriksdottir, G, Engelborghs, S, Escott-Price, V, Espinosa, A, Ewers, M, Faber, K, Fabrizio, T, Nielsen, S, Fardo, D, Farotti, L, Fenoglio, C, Fernández-Fuertes, M, Ferrari, R, Ferreira, C, Ferri, E, Fin, B, Fischer, P, Fladby, T, Fließbach, K, Fongang, B, Fornage, M, Fortea, J, Foroud, T, Fostinelli, S, Fox, N, Franco-Macías, E, Bullido, M, Frank-García, A, Froelich, L, Fulton-Howard, B, Galimberti, D, García-Alberca, J, García-González, P, Garcia-Madrona, S, Garcia-Ribas, G, Ghidoni, R, Giegling, I, Giorgio, G, Goate, A, Goldhardt, O, Gomez-Fonseca, D, González-Pérez, A, Graff, C, Grande, G, Green, E, Grimmer, T, Grünblatt, E, Grunin, M, Gudnason, V, Guetta-Baranes, T, Haapasalo, A, Hadjigeorgiou, G, Haines, J, Hamilton-Nelson, K, Hampel, H, Hanon, O, Hardy, J, Hartmann, A, Hausner, L, Harwood, J, Heilmann-Heimbach, S, Helisalmi, S, Heneka, M, Hernández, I, Herrmann, M, Hoffmann, P, Holmes, C, Holstege, H, Vilas, R, Hulsman, M, Humphrey, J, Biessels, G, Jian, X, Johansson, C, Jun, G, Kastumata, Y, Kauwe, J, Kehoe, P, Kilander, L, Ståhlbom, A, Kivipelto, M, Koivisto, A, Kornhuber, J, Kosmidis, M, Kukull, W, Kuksa, P, Kunkle, B, Kuzma, A, Lage, C, Laukka, E, Launer, L, Lauria, A, Lee, C, Lehtisalo, J, Lerch, O, Lleó, A, Longstreth, W, Lopez, O, de Munain, A, Love, S, Löwemark, M, Luckcuck, L, Lunetta, K, Ma, Y, Macías, J, Macleod, C, Maier, W, Mangialasche, F, Spallazzi, M, Marquié, M, Marshall, R, Martin, E, Montes, A, Rodríguez, C, Masullo, C, Mayeux, R, Mead, S, Mecocci, P, Medina, M, Meggy, A, Mehrabian, S, Mendoza, S, Menéndez-González, M, Mir, P, Moebus, S, Mol, M, Molina-Porcel, L, Montrreal, L, Morelli, L, Moreno, F, Morgan, K, Mosley, T, Nöthen, M, Muchnik, C, Mukherjee, S, Nacmias, B, Ngandu, T, Nicolas, G, Nordestgaard, B, Olaso, R, Orellana, A, Orsini, M, Ortega, G, Padovani, A, Paolo, C, Papenberg, G, Parnetti, L, Pasquier, F, Pastor, P, Peloso, G, Pérez-Cordón, A, Pérez-Tur, J, Pericard, P, Peters, O, Pijnenburg, Y, Pineda, J, Piñol-Ripoll, G, Pisanu, C, Polak, T, Popp, J, Posthuma, D, Priller, J, Puerta, R, Quenez, O, Quintela, I, Thomassen, J, Rábano, A, Rainero, I, Rajabli, F, Ramakers, I, Real, L, Reinders, M, Reitz, C, Reyes-Dumeyer, D, Ridge, P, Riedel-Heller, S, Riederer, P, Roberto, N, Rodriguez-Rodriguez, E, Rongve, A, Allende, I, Rosende-Roca, M, Royo, J, Rubino, E, Rujescu, D, Sáez, M, Sakka, P, Saltvedt, I, Sanabria, Á, Sánchez-Arjona, M, Sanchez-Garcia, F, Juan, P, Sánchez-Valle, R, Sando, S, Sarnowski, C, Satizabal, C, Scamosci, M, Scarmeas, N, Scarpini, E, Scheltens, P, Scherbaum, N, Scherer, M, Schmid, M, Schneider, A, Schott, J, Selbæk, G, Seripa, D, Serrano, M, Sha, J, Shadrin, A, Skrobot, O, Slifer, S, Snijders, G, Soininen, H, Solfrizzi, V, Solomon, A, Song, Y, Sorbi, S, Sotolongo-Grau, O, Spalletta, G, Spottke, A, Squassina, A, Stordal, E, Tartan, J, Tárraga, L, Tesí, N, Thalamuthu, A, Thomas, T, Tosto, G, Traykov, L, Tremolizzo, L, Tybjærg-Hansen, A, Uitterlinden, A, Ullgren, A, Ulstein, I, Valero, S, Valladares, O, Broeckhoven, C, Vance, J, Vardarajan, B, van der Lugt, A, Dongen, J, van Rooij, J, van Swieten, J, Vandenberghe, R, Verhey, F, Vidal, J, Vogelgsang, J, Vyhnalek, M, Wagner, M, Wallon, D, Wang, L, Wang, R, Weinhold, L, Wiltfang, J, Windle, G, Woods, B, Yannakoulia, M, Zare, H, Zhao, Y, Zhang, X, Zhu, C, Zulaica, M, Andreoni, S, Ferrarese, C, Sala, G, Zoia, C, Farrer, L, Psaty, B, Ghanbari, M, Raj, T, Sachdev, P, Mather, K, Jessen, F, Ikram, M, de Mendonça, A, Hort, J, Tsolaki, M, Pericak-Vance, M, Amouyel, P, Williams, J, Frikke-Schmidt, R, Clarimon, J, Deleuze, J, Rossi, G, Seshadri, S, Andreassen, O, Ingelsson, M, Hiltunen, M, Sleegers, K, Schellenberg, G, van Duijn, C, Sims, R, van der Flier, W, Ruiz, A, Ramirez, A, Lambert, J, VU University medical center, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Neurodegeneration, Neurology, Human genetics, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Complex Trait Genetics, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Compulsivity, 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Sachdev, Perminder [0000-0002-9595-3220], Mather, Karen [0000-0003-4143-8941], Ikram, M Arfan [0000-0003-0372-8585], Tsolaki, Magda [0000-0002-2072-8010], Pericak-Vance, Margaret A [0000-0001-7283-8804], Amouyel, Philippe [0000-0001-9088-234X], Williams, Julie [0000-0002-4069-0259], Frikke-Schmidt, Ruth [0000-0003-4084-5027], Seshadri, Sudha [0000-0001-6135-2622], Andreassen, Ole A [0000-0002-4461-3568], Sleegers, Kristel [0000-0002-0283-2332], van Duijn, Cornelia M [0000-0002-2374-9204], Sims, Rebecca [0000-0002-3885-1199], van der Flier, Wiesje M [0000-0001-8766-6224], Ramirez, Alfredo [0000-0003-4991-763X], Lambert, Jean-Charles [0000-0003-0829-7817], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, Complex Trait Genetics, Clinical sciences, Neuroprotection & Neuromodulation, Pathologic Biochemistry and Physiology, Clinical Biology, Epidemiology, Internal Medicine, Psychiatrie & Neuropsychologie, RS: MHeNs - R1 - Cognitive Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, MUMC+: MA Med Staf Spec Psychiatrie (9), UAM. Departamento de Biología Molecular, University of Helsinki, Department of Neurosciences, HUS Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation, Timo Strandberg / Principal Investigator, Department of Medicine, Clinicum, HUS Neurocenter, Neurologian yksikkö, Centre of Excellence in Complex Disease Genetics, HUS Abdominal Center, Institut Pasteur, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (France), European Commission, LabEx DISTALZ, Pérez-Tur, Jordi, University Children’s Hospital Basel (Suiza), INSERM (Francia), Lille Métropole Communauté Urbaine, Government of France (Francia), EADB, GR@ACE, DEGESCO, EADI, GERAD, Demgene, FinnGen, ADGC, CHARGE, Holmans, Peter A. [0000-0003-0870-9412], van der Lee, Sven J. [0000-0003-1606-8643], Costa, Marcos R. [0000-0002-4928-2163], Bis, Joshua C. [0000-0002-3409-1110], Brookes, Keeley J. [0000-0003-2427-2513], Bush, William S. [0000-0002-9729-6519], de Witte, Lot D. [0000-0002-7235-9958], del Ser, Teodoro [0000-0001-9806-7083], Fox, Nick C. [0000-0002-6660-657X], Bullido, María J. [0000-0002-6477-1117], Goate, Alison M. [0000-0002-0576-2472], Herrmann, Martin J. [0000-0001-9970-2122], Jun, Gyungah R. [0000-0002-3230-8697], Kehoe, Patrick G. [0000-0002-7542-1139], Kosmidis, Mary H. [0000-0001-8790-1220], Lunetta, Kathryn L. [0000-0002-9268-810X], MacLeod, Catherine A. [0000-0002-9314-7380], Nöthen, Markus M. [0000-0002-8770-2464], Nordestgaard, Børge G. [0000-0002-1954-7220], Pineda, Juan A. [0000-0002-3751-0296], Real, Luis M. [0000-0003-4932-7429], Reinders, Marcel J. T. [0000-0002-1148-1562], Satizabal, Claudia L. [0000-0002-1115-4430], Schott, Jonathan M. [0000-0003-2059-024X], Shadrin, Alexey A. [0000-0002-7467-250X], Farrer, Lindsay A. [0000-0001-5533-4225], Psaty, Bruce M. [0000-0002-7278-2190], Ikram, M. Arfan [0000-0003-0372-8585], Pericak-Vance, Margaret A. [0000-0001-7283-8804], Andreassen, Ole A. [0000-0002-4461-3568], van Duijn, Cornelia M. [0000-0002-2374-9204], van der Flier, Wiesje M. [0000-0001-8766-6224], and Molecular Neuroscience and Ageing Research (MOLAR)
- Subjects
tau Proteins/genetics ,Alzheimer`s disease Donders Center for Medical Neuroscience [Radboudumc 1] ,Neurologi ,MED/03 - GENETICA MEDICA ,45/43 ,Medizin ,Stress-related disorders Donders Center for Medical Neuroscience [Radboudumc 13] ,genetics [Alzheimer Disease] ,Genome-Wide Association Study ,Humans ,tau Proteins ,Alzheimer Disease ,Cognitive Dysfunction ,VARIANTS ,pathology [Alzheimer Disease] ,Tau Proteins ,Settore BIO/13 - Biologia Applicata ,Cognitive Dysfunction/psychology ,692/699/375/365/1283 ,IMPUTATION ,article ,1184 Genetics, developmental biology, physiology ,Biología y Biomedicina / Biología ,AMYLOID-BETA ,Settore MED/26 - NEUROLOGIA ,Neurology ,psychology [Cognitive Dysfunction] ,Medical Genetics ,Human ,Neuroscience(all) ,631/208/205/2138 ,All institutes and research themes of the Radboud University Medical Center ,SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being ,ddc:570 ,Genetics ,Genetic Predisposition to Disease ,GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION ,METAANALYSIS ,Medicinsk genetik ,MED/26 - NEUROLOGIA ,Alzheimer Disease/genetics ,neurology ,tau Protein ,NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA ,RISK LOCI ,genetics [tau Proteins] ,PREDICTION MODELS ,Human medicine ,GENERATION ,RESPONSES - Abstract
25 páginas, 6 figuras, 2 tablas, Characterization of the genetic landscape of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related dementias (ADD) provides a unique opportunity for a better understanding of the associated pathophysiological processes. We performed a two-stage genome-wide association study totaling 111,326 clinically diagnosed/'proxy' AD cases and 677,663 controls. We found 75 risk loci, of which 42 were new at the time of analysis. Pathway enrichment analyses confirmed the involvement of amyloid/tau pathways and highlighted microglia implication. Gene prioritization in the new loci identified 31 genes that were suggestive of new genetically associated processes, including the tumor necrosis factor alpha pathway through the linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex. We also built a new genetic risk score associated with the risk of future AD/dementia or progression from mild cognitive impairment to AD/dementia. The improvement in prediction led to a 1.6- to 1.9-fold increase in AD risk from the lowest to the highest decile, in addition to effects of age and the APOE ε4 allele., This work was funded by a grant (EADB) from the EU Joint Programme – Neurodegenerative Disease Research. INSERM UMR1167 is also funded by the INSERM, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille Métropole Communauté Urbaine and French government’s LABEX DISTALZ program (development of innovative strategies for a transdisciplinary approach to AD). Full consortium acknowledgements and funding are in the Supplementary Not
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- 2022
4. Tool-integrated spring back measuring system for automotive press shops: A contribution to the quality control of complex car body parts
- Author
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Maier, S., Liebig, A., Kautz, T., and Volk, W.
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- 2017
- Full Text
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5. Nutrient deficiency effects on root architecture and root-to-shoot ratio in arable crops.
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Lopez, G, Ahmadi, SH, Amelung, W, Athmann, M, Ewert, F, Gaiser, T, Gocke, MI, Kautz, T, Postma, J, Rachmilevitch, S, Schaaf, G, Schnepf, A, Stoschus, A, Watt, M, Yu, P, Seidel, SJ, Lopez, G, Ahmadi, SH, Amelung, W, Athmann, M, Ewert, F, Gaiser, T, Gocke, MI, Kautz, T, Postma, J, Rachmilevitch, S, Schaaf, G, Schnepf, A, Stoschus, A, Watt, M, Yu, P, and Seidel, SJ
- Abstract
Plant root traits play a crucial role in resource acquisition and crop performance when soil nutrient availability is low. However, the respective trait responses are complex, particularly at the field scale, and poorly understood due to difficulties in root phenotyping monitoring, inaccurate sampling, and environmental conditions. Here, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of 50 field studies to identify the effects of nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P), or potassium (K) deficiencies on the root systems of common crops. Root length and biomass were generally reduced, while root length per shoot biomass was enhanced under N and P deficiency. Root length decreased by 9% under N deficiency and by 14% under P deficiency, while root biomass was reduced by 7% in N-deficient and by 25% in P-deficient soils. Root length per shoot biomass increased by 33% in N deficient and 51% in P deficient soils. The root-to-shoot ratio was often enhanced (44%) under N-poor conditions, but no consistent response of the root-to-shoot ratio to P-deficiency was found. Only a few K-deficiency studies suited our approach and, in those cases, no differences in morphological traits were reported. We encountered the following drawbacks when performing this analysis: limited number of root traits investigated at field scale, differences in the timing and severity of nutrient deficiencies, missing data (e.g., soil nutrient status and time of stress), and the impact of other conditions in the field. Nevertheless, our analysis indicates that, in general, nutrient deficiencies increased the root-length-to-shoot-biomass ratios of crops, with impacts decreasing in the order deficient P > deficient N > deficient K. Our review resolved inconsistencies that were often found in the individual field experiments, and led to a better understanding of the physiological mechanisms underlying root plasticity in fields with low nutrient availability.
- Published
- 2022
6. Cynara scolymus L.: an Accurate Method for Determining the Edible Parts
- Author
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Kautz, T., Täufer, F., and Köpke, U.
- Published
- 2009
7. Stand und Trends des Hydroumformens von Rohren
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Kautz, T., Schmid, U., Bullinger, Hans-Jörg, Heisel, U., Pritschow, Günter, and Westkämper, Engelbert
- Published
- 1997
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8. Sorption of copper (II) and sulphate to different biochars before and after composting with farmyard manure
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Borchard, N., Prost, K., Kautz, T., Moeller, A., and Siemens, J.
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- 2012
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9. Bacteria utilizing plant-derived carbon in the rhizosphere of Triticum aestivum change in different depths of an arable soil
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Uksa, M., Buegger, F., Gschwendtner, S., Lueders, T., Kublik, S., Kautz, T., Athmann, M., Köpke, U., Charles Munch, J., Schloter, M., and Fischer, D.
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Carbon Isotopes ,Soil ,Bacteria ,RNA, Ribosomal, 16S ,Dna Stable Isotope Probing ,Rhizosphere ,Root Exudates ,Soil Microbiome ,Subsoil ,Topsoil ,food and beverages ,Sequence Analysis, DNA ,Plant Roots ,Carbon ,Soil Microbiology ,Triticum - Abstract
Root exudates shape microbial communities at the plant soil interface. Here we compared bacterial communities that utilise plant-derived carbon in the rhizosphere of wheat in different soil depths, including topsoil, as well as two subsoil layers up to 1 m depth. The experiment was performed in a green house using soil monoliths with intact soil structure taken from an agricultural field. To identify bacteria utilizing plant derived carbon, (13) C-CO2 labelling of plants was performed for two weeks at the EC50 stage, followed by stable isotope probing of extracted DNA from the rhizosphere combined with 16S rRNA gene-based amplicon sequencing. Our findings suggest substantially different bacterial key players and interaction mechanisms between plants and bacteria utilising plant-derived carbon in the rhizosphere of subsoils and topsoil. Among the three soil depths, clear differences were found in (13) C enrichment pattern across abundant operational taxonomic units (OTUs). Whereas OTUs linked to Proteobacteria were enriched in (13) C mainly in the topsoil, in both subsoil layers OTUs related to Cohnella, Paenibacillus, Flavobacterium showed a clear (13) C signal, indicating an important, so far overseen role of Firmicutes and Bacteriodetes in the subsoil rhizosphere.
- Published
- 2017
10. Potentials for the use of tool-integrated in-line data acquisition systems in press shops
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Maier, S, primary, Schmerbeck, T, additional, Liebig, A, additional, Kautz, T, additional, and Volk, W, additional
- Published
- 2017
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11. Introduzione
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Heckman, JJ, Kautz, T, Vittadini, G, VITTADINI, GIORGIO, Heckman, JJ, Kautz, T, Vittadini, G, and VITTADINI, GIORGIO
- Published
- 2016
12. Optische Einlaufwegmessung in Nachfolgewerkzeugen*/Material flow measurement in follow-up press tools
- Author
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Maier, S., primary, Wierer, M., additional, Kautz, T., additional, and Volk, W, Prof., additional
- Published
- 2016
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13. Contribution of anecic earthworms to biopore formation during cultivation of perennial ley crops
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Kautz, T., Lüsebrink, M., Pätzold, S., Vetterlein, Doris, Pude, R., Athmann, M., Küpper, P.M., Perkons, U., Köpke, U., Kautz, T., Lüsebrink, M., Pätzold, S., Vetterlein, Doris, Pude, R., Athmann, M., Küpper, P.M., Perkons, U., and Köpke, U.
- Abstract
Large sized biopores (diameter >2 mm) in the subsoil can be created by tap roots, which leave voids after their decay, or by the burrowing activity of anecic earthworms which may benefit from the temporary lack in tillage in perennial cropping systems. However, the interactions between root growth and earthworm activity in the process of biopore formation during perennial ley cropping are not well understood. The aim of this field study was to quantify the development of the abundance of the anecic earthworm Lumbricus terrestris and the biopore density during the cultivation of lucerne (Medicago sativa L.), chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) and tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) grown for either one, two or three years. An increased abundance of L. terrestris was already recorded after two years of continuous ley when compared with one year cultivation. The ley crop species had only minor influence on the abundance of L. terrestris. Biopore densities of both diameter classes under study (2–5 mm and >5 mm) were not significantly affected by the duration of ley cropping. In contrast, biopore densities were influenced by ley crop species. More biopores of diameter class 2–5 mm were recorded after chicory than after fescue. Lucerne cropping resulted in intermediate biopore density. Additionally, in an incubation experiment under field conditions, we quantified whether L. terrestris preferentially created new biopores or colonized abandoned, previously existing ones. After three weeks of incubation, one third of the adult individuals incubated in the experimental area created new biopores at 0.4 m soil depth. A similar percentage of individuals colonized previously existing biopores, partially widening the lumen of smaller sized biopores. The remaining individuals remained in the topsoil. Sub-adult individuals rarely formed new pores. Half of the introduced sub-adults remained in the topsoil. We conclude that
- Published
- 2013
14. Nutrient acquisition from arable subsoils in temperate climates: a review
- Author
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Kautz, T., Amelung, W., Ewert, F., Gaiser, T., Horn, R., Jahn, R., Javaux, M., Kemna, A., Kuzyakov, Y., Munch, J.C., Pätzold, S., Peth, S., Scherer, H.W., Schloter, M., Schneider, H., Vanderborght, J., Vetterlein, Doris, Walter, A., Wiesenberg, G.L., Köpke, U., Kautz, T., Amelung, W., Ewert, F., Gaiser, T., Horn, R., Jahn, R., Javaux, M., Kemna, A., Kuzyakov, Y., Munch, J.C., Pätzold, S., Peth, S., Scherer, H.W., Schloter, M., Schneider, H., Vanderborght, J., Vetterlein, Doris, Walter, A., Wiesenberg, G.L., and Köpke, U.
- Abstract
In arable farming systems, the term ‘subsoil’ refers to the soil beneath the tilled or formerly tilled soil horizon whereas the latter one is denoted as ‘topsoil’. To date, most agronomic and plant nutrition studies have widely neglected subsoil processes involved in nutrient acquisition by crop roots. Based on our current knowledge it can be assumed that subsoil properties such as comparatively high bulk density, low air permeability, and poverty of organic matter, nutrients and microbial biomass are obviously adverse for nutrient acquisition, and sometimes subsoils provide as little as less than 10% of annual nutrient uptake in fertilised arable fields. Nevertheless, there is also strong evidence indicating that subsoil can contribute to more than two-thirds of the plant nutrition of N, P and K, especially when the topsoil is dry or nutrient-depleted. Based on the existing literature, nutrient acquisition from arable subsoils may be conceptualised into three major process components: (I) mobilisation from the subsoil, (II) translocation to the shoot and long-term accumulation in the Ap horizon and (III) re-allocation to the subsoil. The quantitative estimation of nutrient acquisition from the subsoil requires the linking of field experiments with mathematical modelling approaches on different spatial scales including Process Based Models for the field scale and FunctionaleStructural Plant Models for the plant scale. Possibilities to modify subsoil properties by means of agronomic management are limited, but ‘subsoiling’ e i.e. deep mechanical loosening e as well as the promotion of biopore formation are two potential strategies for increasing access to subsoil resources for crop roots in arable soils. The quantitative role of biopores in the nutrient acquisition from the subsoil is still unclear, and more research is needed to determine the bioaccessibility of nutrients in subsoil horizons.
- Published
- 2013
15. Neuronal cell spike sorting using signal features extracted by PARAFAC
- Author
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Just, T., primary, Kautz, T., additional, Weis, M., additional, Williamson, A., additional, and Husar, P., additional
- Published
- 2013
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16. Nodulation of lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) roots: depth distribution and temporal variation
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Li, F., primary, Kautz, T., additional, Pude, R., additional, and Köpke, U., additional
- Published
- 2012
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17. AIDS and declining support for dependent elderly people in Africa: retrospective analysis using demographic and health surveys
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Kautz, T., primary, Bendavid, E., additional, Bhattacharya, J., additional, and Miller, G., additional
- Published
- 2010
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18. In situendoscopy: New insights to root growth in biopores
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Kautz, T., primary and Köpke, U., additional
- Published
- 2010
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19. In situ endoscopy: New insights to root growth in biopores.
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Kautz, T. and Köpke, U.
- Subjects
- *
ROOT growth , *PLANT growth , *PLANT root morphology , *PLANT morphology , *PLANT roots - Abstract
A flexible videoscope with an outer diameter of 3.8 mm and equipped with a movable tip was used for in situ observation of roots growing in larger-sized biopores. We were able to display root morphology and position inside of biopores and differentiate four categories of root segments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2010
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20. SNAPSHOT USA 2019: a coordinated national camera trap survey of the United States
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Jerrold L. Belant, Seth C. Crockett, William J. McShea, Adam Zorn, Robert A. Long, Çağan H. Şekercioğlu, Kelly Anne MacCombie, Helen I. Rowe, Jaquelyn Tleimat, Adrienne Dykstra, Kelsey A. Barnick, Tiffany A. Sprague, Connor Cincotta, Andrew J. Edelman, Marcus A. Lashley, Anthony P. Crupi, Steven Hammerich, Jennifer Sevin, Carolina Baruzzi, Jesse M. Alston, Elizabeth A. Flaherty, Christopher P. Hansen, Damon B. Lesmeister, Sean T. Giery, Caroline N. Ellison, Andrea K. Darracq, George R. Hess, Brian J. O'Neill, Matthew E. Gompper, Christopher M. Schalk, Amelia M. Bergquist, Ronald S. Revord, Brian D. Gerber, Arielle W. Parsons, Chelsey Tellez, Travis W. Knowles, Daniel G. Scognamillo, Christopher Nagy, Jan Schipper, Morgan Gray, Maximilian L. Allen, Gary W. Roemer, Tavis Forrester, Aaron N. Facka, Miranda L. Davis, Alexej P. K. Sirén, Brett A. DeGregorio, Colin E. Studds, Monica Lasky, Melissa T. R. Hawkins, La Roy S.E. Brandt, Thomas E. Lee, Sean M. King, Mark A. Linnell, Jinelle H. Sperry, John F. Benson, Katherine C. B. Weiss, Joshua J. Millspaugh, Fabiola Iannarilli, Bryn Evans, Christopher A. Lepczyk, David Mason, Mark J. Jordan, Jarred M. Brooke, Cara L. Appel, Katherine E. Andy, Jennifer L. Stenglein, Dean E. Beyer, Tru Hubbard, Marketa Zimova, Alexandra J. Bebko, Daniel J. Herrera, Cristian J. Hernandez, Petros Chrysafis, Summer D. Higdon, Caleb Durbin, Sophie L. Nasrallah, Roland Kays, Scott D. LaPoint, Kathryn R. Remine, Brandon T. Barton, Chip Ruthven, Robert C. Lonsinger, Noel Schmitz, Jorie Favreau, Stephen L. Webb, Edward Trout, Mary E. Pendergast, Brenna Wells, Christine Anhalt-Depies, Robert Horan, Christopher A. Whittier, Todd K. Fuller, M. Teague O'Mara, Hila Shamon, Jean E. Fantle-Lepczyk, Rachel M. Cliché, Sean P. Maher, Stephanie S. Coster, Joshua Sands, Kellie M. Kuhn, Helen Bontrager, Christopher T. Rota, Jaylin N. Solberg, Sarah R. Fritts, John P. Vanek, Laura S. Whipple, Erika L. Barthelmess, Alessio Mortelliti, Kodi Jo Jaspers, Daniel Davis, Renee Klann, Erin K. Kuprewicz, Melinda Fowler, Christine C. Rega-Brodsky, Haydée Hernández-Yáñez, Robert Pelletier, Daniel A. Bogan, M. Caitlin Fisher-Reid, Weston C. Thompson, Chris Sutherland, Claire Bresnan, Todd M. Kautz, Nathaniel H. Wehr, Neil H. Carter, Sharyn B. Marks, Carrie Nelson, Jessica C. Burr, Richard G. Lathrop, Austin M. Green, Robert H. Hagen, Andrea Romero, Michael S. Rentz, Matthew S. Leslie, Katarina Russell, Michael V. Cove, David S. Jachowski, Paige S. Warren, Sean A. Neiswenter, Nyeema C. Harris, Jillian R. Kilborn, Taylor Frerichs, Marius van der Merwe, Jennifer Y. Zhao, Darren A. Clark, Derek R. Risch, Jacque Williamson, Diana J. R. Lafferty, Michelle Halbur, Joanne R. Wasdin, Melissa R. Price, Justin A. Compton, Alex J. Jensen, University of St Andrews. Statistics, Cove, M. V., Kays, R., Bontrager, H., Bresnan, C., Lasky, M., Frerichs, T., Klann, R., Lee, T. E., Crockett, S. C., Crupi, A. P., Weiss, K. C. B., Rowe, H., Sprague, T., Schipper, J., Tellez, C., Lepczyk, C. A., Fantle-Lepczyk, J. E., Lapoint, S., Williamson, J., Fisher-Reid, M. C., King, S. M., Bebko, A. J., Chrysafis, P., Jensen, A. J., Jachowski, D. S., Sands, J., Maccombie, K. A., Herrera, D. J., van der Merwe, M., Knowles, T. W., Horan, R. V., Rentz, M. S., Brandt, L. S. E., Nagy, C., Barton, B. T., Thompson, W. C., Maher, S. P., Darracq, A. K., Hess, G., Parsons, A. W., Wells, B., Roemer, G. W., Hernandez, C. J., Gompper, M. E., Webb, S. L., Vanek, J. P., Lafferty, D. J. R., Bergquist, A. M., Hubbard, T., Forrester, T., Clark, D., Cincotta, C., Favreau, J., Facka, A. N., Halbur, M., Hammerich, S., Gray, M., Rega-Brodsky, C. C., Durbin, C., Flaherty, E. A., Brooke, J. M., Coster, S. S., Lathrop, R. G., Russell, K., Bogan, D. A., Cliche, R., Shamon, H., Hawkins, M. T. R., Marks, S. B., Lonsinger, R. C., O'Mara, M. T., Compton, J. A., Fowler, M., Barthelmess, E. L., Andy, K. E., Belant, J. L., Beyer, D. E., Kautz, T. M., Scognamillo, D. G., Schalk, C. M., Leslie, M. S., Nasrallah, S. L., Ellison, C. N., Ruthven, C., Fritts, S., Tleimat, J., Gay, M., Whittier, C. A., Neiswenter, S. A., Pelletier, R., Degregorio, B. A., Kuprewicz, E. K., Davis, M. L., Dykstra, A., Mason, D. S., Baruzzi, C., Lashley, M. A., Risch, D. R., Price, M. R., Allen, M. L., Whipple, L. S., Sperry, J. H., Hagen, R. H., Mortelliti, A., Evans, B. E., Studds, C. E., Siren, A. P. K., Kilborn, J., Sutherland, C., Warren, P., Fuller, T., Harris, N. C., Carter, N. H., Trout, E., Zimova, M., Giery, S. T., Iannarilli, F., Higdon, S. D., Revord, R. S., Hansen, C. P., Millspaugh, J. J., Zorn, A., Benson, J. F., Wehr, N. H., Solberg, J. N., Gerber, B. D., Burr, J. C., Sevin, J., Green, A. M., Sekercioglu, C. H., Pendergast, M., Barnick, K. A., Edelman, A. J., Wasdin, J. R., Romero, A., O'Neill, B. J., Schmitz, N., Alston, J. M., Kuhn, K. M., Lesmeister, D. B., Linnell, M. A., Appel, C. L., Rota, C., Stenglein, J. L., Anhalt-Depies, C., Nelson, C., Long, R. A., Jo Jaspers, K., Remine, K. R., Jordan, M. J., Davis, D., Hernandez-Yanez, H., Zhao, J. Y., and Mcshea, W. J.
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,Cingulata ,QH301 Biology ,Carnivora ,Population Dynamics ,Biodiversity ,mammal ,Information repository ,01 natural sciences ,QA ,biodiversity ,Mammals ,education.field_of_study ,camera trap ,Ecology ,Camera traps ,Environmental resource management ,Species distribution modeling ,Geography ,Biogeography ,carnivora ,Extinction debt ,United State ,Cetartiodactyla ,Didelphimorphia ,Lagomorpha ,Rodentia ,biogeography ,camera traps ,mammals ,occupancy modeling ,species distribution modeling ,Animals ,Birds ,United States ,Animals, Wild ,Occupancy modeling ,Population ,Wildlife ,Wild ,010603 evolutionary biology ,Snapshot (photography) ,QH301 ,Bird ,QA Mathematics ,education ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Population Dynamic ,Animal ,business.industry ,010604 marine biology & hydrobiology ,DAS ,Camera trap ,Survey data collection ,business - Abstract
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. With the accelerating pace of global change, it is imperative that we obtain rapid inventories of the status and distribution of wildlife for ecological inferences and conservation planning. To address this challenge, we launched the SNAPSHOT USA project, a collaborative survey of terrestrial wildlife populations using camera traps across the United States. For our first annual survey, we compiled data across all 50 states during a 14-week period (17 August - 24 November of 2019). We sampled wildlife at 1509 camera trap sites from 110 camera trap arrays covering 12 different ecoregions across four development zones. This effort resulted in 166,036 unique detections of 83 species of mammals and 17 species of birds. All images were processed through the Smithsonian's eMammal camera trap data repository and included an expert review phase to ensure taxonomic accuracy of data, resulting in each picture being reviewed at least twice. The results represent a timely and standardized camera trap survey of the USA. All of the 2019 survey data are made available herein. We are currently repeating surveys in fall 2020, opening up the opportunity to other institutions and cooperators to expand coverage of all the urban-wild gradients and ecophysiographic regions of the country. Future data will be available as the database is updated at eMammal.si.edu/snapshot-usa, as well as future data paper submissions. These data will be useful for local and macroecological research including the examination of community assembly, effects of environmental and anthropogenic landscape variables, effects of fragmentation and extinction debt dynamics, as well as species-specific population dynamics and conservation action plans. There are no copyright restrictions; please cite this paper when using the data for publication. Publisher PDF
- Published
- 2021
21. Introduzione
- Author
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VITTADINI, GIORGIO, Heckman, JJ, Kautz, T, and Vittadini, G
- Subjects
SECS-S/01 - STATISTICA ,Capitale Umano. James Heckman, Non Cognitive skills, capabilities - Published
- 2016
22. Absence of SARS-CoV-2 in wildlife of northeastern Minnesota and Isle Royale National Park.
- Author
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Castañeda D, Isaac EJ, Schnieders BP, Kautz T, Romanski MC, Moore SA, and Aliota MT
- Subjects
- Animals, Minnesota epidemiology, RNA, Viral, Deer virology, Animals, Wild virology, SARS-CoV-2 genetics, COVID-19 epidemiology, COVID-19 veterinary, Parks, Recreational
- Abstract
Aims: We investigated the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in free-ranging wildlife populations in Northeastern Minnesota on the Grand Portage Indian Reservation and Isle Royale National Park., Methods and Results: One hundred twenty nasal samples were collected from white-tailed deer, moose, grey wolves and black bears monitored for conservation efforts during 2022-2023. Samples were tested for viral RNA by RT-qPCR using the CDC N1/N2 primer set. Our data indicate that no wildlife samples were positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA., Conclusions: Continued surveillance is therefore crucial to better understand the changing landscape of zoonotic SARS-CoV-2 in the Upper Midwest., (© 2024 The Author(s). Zoonoses and Public Health published by Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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23. Mucosal-associated invariant T cells contribute to suppression of inflammatory myeloid cells in immune-mediated kidney disease.
- Author
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Gnirck AC, Philipp MS, Waterhölter A, Wunderlich M, Shaikh N, Adamiak V, Henneken L, Kautz T, Xiong T, Klaus D, Tomczyk P, Al-Bahra MM, Menche D, Walkenhorst M, Lantz O, Willing A, Friese MA, Huber TB, Krebs CF, Panzer U, Kurts C, and Turner JE
- Subjects
- Humans, Animals, Mice, Myeloid Cells metabolism, Anti-Inflammatory Agents metabolism, Histocompatibility Antigens Class I metabolism, Mucosal-Associated Invariant T Cells, Kidney Diseases metabolism
- Abstract
Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells have been implicated in various inflammatory diseases of barrier organs, but so far, their role in kidney disease is unclear. Here we report that MAIT cells that recognize their prototypical ligand, the vitamin B2 intermediate 5-OP-RU presented by MR1, reside in human and mouse kidneys. Single cell RNAseq analysis reveals several intrarenal MAIT subsets, and one, carrying the genetic fingerprint of tissue-resident MAIT17 cells, is activated and expanded in a murine model of crescentic glomerulonephritis (cGN). An equivalent subset is also present in kidney biopsies of patients with anti-neutrophil cytoplasmatic antibody (ANCA)-associated cGN. MAIT cell-deficient MR1 mice show aggravated disease, whereas B6-MAIT
CAST mice, harboring higher MAIT cell numbers, are protected from cGN. The expanded MAIT17 cells express anti-inflammatory mediators known to suppress cGN, such as CTLA-4, PD-1, and TGF-β. Interactome analysis predicts CXCR6 - CXCL16-mediated cross-talk with renal mononuclear phagocytes, known to drive cGN progression. In line, we find that cGN is aggravated upon CXCL16 blockade. Finally, we present an optimized 5-OP-RU synthesis method which we apply to attenuating cGN in mice. In summary, we propose that CXCR6+ MAIT cells might play a protective role in cGN, implicating them as a potential target for anti-inflammatory therapies., (© 2023. The Author(s).)- Published
- 2023
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24. Demographic and Clinical Characteristics Associated With Serum GFAP Levels in an Ethnically Diverse Cohort.
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Gonzales MM, Vela G, Philip V, Trevino H, LaRoche A, Wang CP, Parent DM, Kautz T, Satizabal CL, Tanner J, O'Bryant S, Maestre G, Tracy RP, and Seshadri S
- Subjects
- Humans, Female, Aged, Male, Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein, Demography, Biomarkers, Cognitive Dysfunction, Alzheimer Disease diagnosis, Diabetes Mellitus
- Abstract
Background and Objectives: Elevations in circulating glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), a putative marker of reactive astrocytosis, have been found to associate with cognitive decline and dementia status. Further validation in diverse cohorts and evaluation of potential health disparities are necessary for broader generalization. The goal of this study was to examine the associations between demographics, cardiovascular risk factors, and APOE ε4 status with serum GFAP levels among Mexican American and non-Hispanic White older adults across the continuum from cognitively unimpaired to Alzheimer disease dementia., Methods: Serum GFAP levels were assayed using a Simoa HD-1 analyzer in older adults enrolled in the observational Texas Alzheimer Research and Care Consortium. Associations between demographic and clinical characteristics with serum GFAP levels were evaluated using linear regression. The diagnostic accuracy of serum GFAP was further examined using area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUROC) in univariate and adjusted models, and optimal cut points were derived using the maximum Kolmogorov-Smirnov metric. All models were also stratified by ethnicity and disease stage., Results: A total of 1,156 Mexican American and 587 non-Hispanic White participants were included (mean age = 68 years, standard deviation = 10; 65% female). Older age (β = 0.562 (95% CI 0.515-0.609), p < 0.001), apolipoprotein ε4 status (β = 0.139 (95% CI 0.092-0.186), p < 0.001), and cognitive impairment (β = 0.150 (95% CI 0.103-0.197), p < 0.001) were positively associated with serum GFAP. By contrast, higher body mass index (β = -0.181 (95% CI -0.228 to -0.134), p < 0.001), diabetes (β = -0.065 (95% CI -0.112 to -0.018), p < 0.001), and tobacco use (β = -0.059 (95% CI -0.106 to -0.012), p < 0.001) were inversely associated with serum GFAP. AUROC values were generally comparable across ethnicities and model fit improved with inclusion of additional covariates. However, optimal cut-off values were consistently lower in Mexican Americans relative to non-Hispanic White participants., Discussion: The study results highlight the importance of understanding the role of broader demographic and clinical factors on circulating GFAP levels within diverse cohorts to enhance precision across clinical, research, and community settings., (© 2023 American Academy of Neurology.)
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- 2023
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25. Timing and intensity of heat and drought stress determine wheat yield losses in Germany.
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Riedesel L, Möller M, Horney P, Golla B, Piepho HP, Kautz T, and Feike T
- Subjects
- Droughts, Germany, Climate Change, Triticum, Extreme Heat
- Abstract
Crop yields are increasingly affected by climate change-induced weather extremes in Germany. However, there is still little knowledge of the specific crop-climate relations and respective heat and drought stress-induced yield losses. Therefore, we configure weather indices (WIs) that differ in the timing and intensity of heat and drought stress in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). We construct these WIs using gridded weather and phenology time series data from 1995 to 2019 and aggregate them with Germany-wide municipality level on-farm wheat yield data. We statistically analyze the WI's explanatory power and region-specific effect size for wheat yield using linear mixed models. We found the highest explanatory power during the stem elongation and booting phase under moderate drought stress and during the reproductive phase under moderate heat stress. Furthermore, we observed the highest average yield losses due to moderate and extreme heat stress during the reproductive phase. The highest heat and drought stress-induced yield losses were observed in Brandenburg, Saxony-Anhalt, and northern Bavaria, while similar heat and drought stresses cause much lower yield losses in other regions of Germany., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright: © 2023 Riedesel et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)
- Published
- 2023
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26. Senolytic therapy to modulate the progression of Alzheimer's Disease (SToMP-AD) - Outcomes from the first clinical trial of senolytic therapy for Alzheimer's disease.
- Author
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Gonzales MM, Garbarino VR, Kautz T, Palavicini JP, Lopez-Cruzan M, Dehkordi SK, Mathews J, Zare H, Xu P, Zhang B, Franklin C, Habes M, Craft S, Petersen RC, Tchkonia T, Kirkland J, Salardini A, Seshadri S, Musi N, and Orr ME
- Abstract
Cellular senescence has been identified as a pathological mechanism linked to tau and amyloid beta (Aβ) accumulation in mouse models of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Clearance of senescent cells using the senolytic compounds dasatinib (D) and quercetin (Q) reduced neuropathological burden and improved clinically relevant outcomes in the mice. Herein, we conducted a vanguard open-label clinical trial of senolytic therapy for AD with the primary aim of evaluating central nervous system (CNS) penetrance, as well as exploratory data collection relevant to safety, feasibility, and efficacy. Participants with early-stage symptomatic AD were enrolled in an open-label, 12-week pilot study of intermittent orally-delivered D+Q. CNS penetrance was assessed by evaluating drug levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) using high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. Safety was continuously monitored with adverse event reporting, vitals, and laboratory work. Cognition, neuroimaging, and plasma and CSF biomarkers were assessed at baseline and post-treatment. Five participants (mean age: 76±5 years; 40% female) completed the trial. The treatment increased D and Q levels in the blood of all participants ranging from 12.7 to 73.5 ng/ml for D and 3.29-26.30 ng/ml for Q. D levels were detected in the CSF of four participants ranging from 0.281 to 0.536 ng/ml (t(4)=3.123, p=0.035); Q was not detected. Treatment was well-tolerated with no early discontinuation and six mild to moderate adverse events occurring across the study. Cognitive and neuroimaging endpoints did not significantly differ from baseline to post-treatment. CNS levels of IL-6 and GFAP increased from baseline to post-treatment (t(4)=3.913, p=008 and t(4)=3.354, p=0.028, respectively) concomitant with decreased levels of several cytokines and chemokines associated with senescence, and a trend toward higher levels of Aβ42 (t(4)=-2.338, p=0.079). Collectively the data indicate the CNS penetrance of D and provide preliminary support for the safety, tolerability, and feasibility of the intervention and suggest that astrocytes and Aβ may be particularly responsive to the treatment. While early results are promising, fully powered, placebo-controlled studies are needed to evaluate the potential of AD modification with the novel approach of targeting cellular senescence.
- Published
- 2023
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27. Nutrient deficiency effects on root architecture and root-to-shoot ratio in arable crops.
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Lopez G, Ahmadi SH, Amelung W, Athmann M, Ewert F, Gaiser T, Gocke MI, Kautz T, Postma J, Rachmilevitch S, Schaaf G, Schnepf A, Stoschus A, Watt M, Yu P, and Seidel SJ
- Abstract
Plant root traits play a crucial role in resource acquisition and crop performance when soil nutrient availability is low. However, the respective trait responses are complex, particularly at the field scale, and poorly understood due to difficulties in root phenotyping monitoring, inaccurate sampling, and environmental conditions. Here, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of 50 field studies to identify the effects of nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P), or potassium (K) deficiencies on the root systems of common crops. Root length and biomass were generally reduced, while root length per shoot biomass was enhanced under N and P deficiency. Root length decreased by 9% under N deficiency and by 14% under P deficiency, while root biomass was reduced by 7% in N-deficient and by 25% in P-deficient soils. Root length per shoot biomass increased by 33% in N deficient and 51% in P deficient soils. The root-to-shoot ratio was often enhanced (44%) under N-poor conditions, but no consistent response of the root-to-shoot ratio to P-deficiency was found. Only a few K-deficiency studies suited our approach and, in those cases, no differences in morphological traits were reported. We encountered the following drawbacks when performing this analysis: limited number of root traits investigated at field scale, differences in the timing and severity of nutrient deficiencies, missing data (e.g., soil nutrient status and time of stress), and the impact of other conditions in the field. Nevertheless, our analysis indicates that, in general, nutrient deficiencies increased the root-length-to-shoot-biomass ratios of crops, with impacts decreasing in the order deficient P > deficient N > deficient K. Our review resolved inconsistencies that were often found in the individual field experiments, and led to a better understanding of the physiological mechanisms underlying root plasticity in fields with low nutrient availability., Competing Interests: Authors JP and AS were employed by company Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Lopez, Ahmadi, Amelung, Athmann, Ewert, Gaiser, Gocke, Kautz, Postma, Rachmilevitch, Schaaf, Schnepf, Stoschus, Watt, Yu and Seidel.)
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- 2023
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28. Association of MRI Visible Perivascular Spaces and Neurofilament Light Chain: The Framingham Heart Study.
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Ekenze O, Pinheiro A, Demissie S, Aparicio HJ, Charidimou A, Beiser AS, Satizabal CL, Kautz T, DeCarli C, Greenberg S, Seshadri S, and Romero JR
- Subjects
- Male, Humans, Female, Brain diagnostic imaging, Brain pathology, Magnetic Resonance Imaging methods, Basal Ganglia pathology, Longitudinal Studies, Intermediate Filaments, Cerebral Small Vessel Diseases pathology
- Abstract
Background: Neurofilament light chain (NfL) is a marker of neuronal injury. Perivascular spaces (PVS) visible on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) represent cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) but their role as markers of neuronal injury needs further clarification., Objective: To relate PVS burden according to brain topography and plasma NfL., Methods: Framingham Heart Study (FHS) participants with brain MRI and NfL measurements were included. PVS were rated in the basal ganglia (BG) and centrum semiovale (CSO) using validated methods and categorized based on counts. A mixed region variable representing high burden PVS in either BG or CSO was assessed. Multivariable linear regression analyses were used to relate PVS burden to log-transformed NfL levels in models adjusted for age, sex, FHS cohort, time between MRI and clinic exam, and image view (model 1), vascular risk factors (model 2), and white matter hyperintensity volume, covert brain infarcts, and cerebral microbleeds (model 3)., Results: Among 1,457 participants (68.1±8.5 years, 45% males), NfL levels increased with higher PVS burden. Multivariable analysis showed an association of high PVS burden strictly in BG with NfL (β= 0.117, 95% CI 0.014-0.221; p = 0.027), but attenuated in model 3. The associations were mainly in participants≥65 years (β= 0.122, 95% CI 0.015-0.229, p = 0.026), women (β= 0.156, 95% CI 0.024-0.288, p = 0.021), and APOE ɛ4 non-carriers (β= 0.140, 95% CI 0.017-0.263, p = 0.026)., Conclusions: The association of strictly BG high PVS burden with NfL suggests a role for PVS as markers of neuroaxonal injury, but our results are hypothesis generating and require further replication.
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- 2023
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29. Large studies reveal how reference bias limits policy applications of self-report measures.
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Lira B, O'Brien JM, Peña PA, Galla BM, D'Mello S, Yeager DS, Defnet A, Kautz T, Munkacsy K, and Duckworth AL
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Humans, Self Report, Bias, Surveys and Questionnaires, Schools, Policy
- Abstract
There is growing policy interest in identifying contexts that cultivate self-regulation. Doing so often entails comparing groups of individuals (e.g., from different schools). We show that self-report questionnaires-the most prevalent modality for assessing self-regulation-are prone to reference bias, defined as systematic error arising from differences in the implicit standards by which individuals evaluate behavior. In three studies, adolescents (N = 229,685) whose peers performed better academically rated themselves lower in self-regulation and held higher standards for self-regulation. This effect was not observed for task measures of self-regulation and led to paradoxical predictions of college persistence 6 years later. These findings suggest that standards for self-regulation vary by social group, limiting the policy applications of self-report questionnaires., (© 2022. The Author(s).)
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- 2022
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30. xLength: Predicting Expected Ski Jump Length Shortly after Take-Off Using Deep Learning.
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Link J, Schwinn L, Pulsmeyer F, Kautz T, and Eskofier BM
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- Humans, Athletes, Wind, Biomechanical Phenomena, Skiing, Deep Learning, Soccer
- Abstract
With tracking systems becoming more widespread in sports research and regular training and competitions, more data are available for sports analytics and performance prediction. We analyzed 2523 ski jumps from 205 athletes on five venues. For every jump, the dataset includes the 3D trajectory, 3D velocity, skis' orientation, and metadata such as wind, starting gate, and ski jumping hill data. Using this dataset, we aimed to predict the expected jump length (xLength) inspired by the expected goals metric in soccer (xG). We evaluate the performance of a fully connected neural network, a convolutional neural network (CNN), a long short-term memory (LSTM), and a ResNet architecture to estimate the xLength. For the prediction of the jump length one second after take-off, we achieve a mean absolute error (MAE) of 5.3 m for the generalization to new athletes and an MAE of 5.9 m for the generalization to new ski jumping hills using ResNet architectures. Additionally, we investigated the influence of the input time after the take-off on the predictions' accuracy. As expected, the MAE becomes smaller with longer inputs. Due to the real-time transmission of the sensor's data, xLength can be updated during the flight phase and used in live TV broadcasting. xLength could also be used as an analysis tool for experts to quantify the quality of the take-off and flight phases.
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- 2022
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31. Plasma biomarkers predict cognitive trajectories in an ethnoracially and clinically diverse cohort: Mediation with hippocampal volume.
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Sapkota S, Erickson K, Harvey D, Tomaszewski-Farias SE, Olichney JM, Johnson DK, Dugger BN, Mungas DM, Fletcher E, Maillard P, Seshadri S, Satizabal CL, Kautz T, Parent D, Tracy RP, Maezawa I, Jin LW, and DeCarli C
- Abstract
Introduction: We examine whether the association between key plasma biomarkers (amyloid β [aβ] 42/40, total tau (t-tau), neurofilament light [NfL]) and cognitive trajectories (executive function [EF] and episodic memory [EM]) is mediated through neurodegeneration., Methods: All participants were recruited from the University of California, Davis-Alzheimer's Disease Research Center ( n = 473; baseline age range = 49-95 years, 60% women). We applied an accelerated longitudinal design to test latent growth models for EF and EM, and path and mediation analyses. Age was centered at 75 years, and all models were adjusted for sex, education, and ethnicity., Results: HV differentially mediated the association aβ 42/40 and NfL on EF and EM level and change. Hippocampal volume (HV) did not mediate the association between t-tau and cognitive performance., Discussion: Neurodegeneration as represented with HV selectively mediates the association between key non-invasive plasma biomarkers and cognitive trajectories in an ethnoracially and clinically diverse community-based sample., Competing Interests: All authors report no disclosures relevant to the manuscript. Author disclosures are available in the supporting information., (© 2022 The Authors. Alzheimer's & Dementia: Diagnosis, Assessment & Disease Monitoring published by Wiley Periodicals, LLC on behalf of Alzheimer's Association.)
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- 2022
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32. Simulating Root Growth as a Function of Soil Strength and Yield With a Field-Scale Crop Model Coupled With a 3D Architectural Root Model.
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Seidel SJ, Gaiser T, Srivastava AK, Leitner D, Schmittmann O, Athmann M, Kautz T, Guigue J, Ewert F, and Schnepf A
- Abstract
Accurate prediction of root growth and related resource uptake is crucial to accurately simulate crop growth especially under unfavorable environmental conditions. We coupled a 1D field-scale crop-soil model running in the SIMPLACE modeling framework with the 3D architectural root model CRootbox on a daily time step and implemented a stress function to simulate root elongation as a function of soil bulk density and matric potential. The model was tested with field data collected during two growing seasons of spring barley and winter wheat on Haplic Luvisol. In that experiment, mechanical strip-wise subsoil loosening (30-60 cm) (DL treatment) was tested, and effects on root and shoot growth at the melioration strip as well as in a control treatment were evaluated. At most soil depths, strip-wise deep loosening significantly enhanced observed root length densities (RLDs) of both crops as compared to the control. However, the enhanced root growth had a beneficial effect on crop productivity only in the very dry season in 2018 for spring barley where the observed grain yield at the strip was 18% higher as compared to the control. To understand the underlying processes that led to these yield effects, we simulated spring barley and winter wheat root and shoot growth using the described field data and the model. For comparison, we simulated the scenarios with the simpler 1D conceptual root model. The coupled model showed the ability to simulate the main effects of strip-wise subsoil loosening on root and shoot growth. It was able to simulate the adaptive plasticity of roots to local soil conditions (more and thinner roots in case of dry and loose soil). Additional scenario runs with varying weather conditions were simulated to evaluate the impact of deep loosening on yield under different conditions. The scenarios revealed that higher spring barley yields in DL than in the control occurred in about 50% of the growing seasons. This effect was more pronounced for spring barley than for winter wheat. Different virtual root phenotypes were tested to assess the potential of the coupled model to simulate the effect of varying root traits under different conditions., Competing Interests: DL was employed by Simulationswerkstatt. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Seidel, Gaiser, Srivastava, Leitner, Schmittmann, Athmann, Kautz, Guigue, Ewert and Schnepf.)
- Published
- 2022
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33. Blood biomarkers for cognitive decline and clinical progression in a Mexican American cohort.
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Gonzales MM, Wang CP, Short MI, Parent DM, Kautz T, MacCarthy D, Satizabal CL, González DA, Royall DR, Zare H, O'Bryant S, Maestre GE, Tracy RP, and Seshadri S
- Abstract
Introduction : The clinical translation of biofluid markers for dementia requires validation in diverse cohorts. The study goal was to evaluate if blood biomarkers reflecting diverse pathophysiological processes predict disease progression in Mexican American adults. Methods : Mexican American adults (n = 745), 50 years of age and older, completed annual assessments over a mean of 4 years. Serum collected at baseline was assayed for total tau, neurofilament light (NFL), ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase LI, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), soluble cluster of differentiation 14 (sCD14), and chitinase-3-like protein 1 (YKL-40). Results : Higher GFAP and NFL were associated with global cognitive decline. Only GFAP was associated with increased incident dementia risk (hazard ratio: 1.611 (95% confidence interval: 1.204-2.155)) and inclusion of additional biomarkers did not improve model fit. Discussion : Among a panel of six blood biomarkers previously associated with neurodegenerative disease, only GFAP predicted incident dementia in our cohort. The findings suggest that blood GFAP levels may aid dementia-risk prediction among Mexican American adults., (© 2022 The Authors. Alzheimer's & Dementia: Diagnosis, Assessment & Disease Monitoring published by Wiley Periodicals, LLC on behalf of Alzheimer's Association.)
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- 2022
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34. Comparing the reliability and predictive power of child, teacher, and guardian reports of noncognitive skills.
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Feng S, Han Y, Heckman JJ, and Kautz T
- Subjects
- Child, Humans, Intelligence physiology, Longitudinal Studies, Program Evaluation, Reproducibility of Results, Schools, Self-Control, Child Development physiology, Cognition physiology, Legal Guardians psychology, School Teachers psychology
- Abstract
Children's noncognitive or socioemotional skills (e.g., persistence and self-control) are typically measured using surveys in which either children rate their own skills or adults rate the skills of children. For many purposes-including program evaluation and monitoring school systems-ratings are often collected from multiple perspectives about a single child (e.g., from both the child and an adult). Collecting data from multiple perspectives is costly, and there is limited evidence on the benefits of this approach. Using a longitudinal survey, this study compares children's noncognitive skills as reported by themselves, their guardians, and their teachers. Although reports from all three types of respondents are correlated with each other, teacher reports have the highest internal consistency and are the most predictive of children's later cognitive outcomes and behavior in school. The teacher reports add predictive power beyond baseline measures of Intelligence Quotient (IQ) for most outcomes in schools. Measures collected from children and guardians add minimal predictive power beyond the teacher reports., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing interest., (Copyright © 2022 the Author(s). Published by PNAS.)
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- 2022
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35. Megastudies improve the impact of applied behavioural science.
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Milkman KL, Gromet D, Ho H, Kay JS, Lee TW, Pandiloski P, Park Y, Rai A, Bazerman M, Beshears J, Bonacorsi L, Camerer C, Chang E, Chapman G, Cialdini R, Dai H, Eskreis-Winkler L, Fishbach A, Gross JJ, Horn S, Hubbard A, Jones SJ, Karlan D, Kautz T, Kirgios E, Klusowski J, Kristal A, Ladhania R, Loewenstein G, Ludwig J, Mellers B, Mullainathan S, Saccardo S, Spiess J, Suri G, Talloen JH, Taxer J, Trope Y, Ungar L, Volpp KG, Whillans A, Zinman J, and Duckworth AL
- Subjects
- Adult, Female, Humans, Male, Motivation, Regression Analysis, Reward, Time Factors, United States, Universities, Behavioral Sciences methods, Clinical Trials as Topic methods, Exercise psychology, Health Promotion methods, Research Design
- Abstract
Policy-makers are increasingly turning to behavioural science for insights about how to improve citizens' decisions and outcomes
1 . Typically, different scientists test different intervention ideas in different samples using different outcomes over different time intervals2 . The lack of comparability of such individual investigations limits their potential to inform policy. Here, to address this limitation and accelerate the pace of discovery, we introduce the megastudy-a massive field experiment in which the effects of many different interventions are compared in the same population on the same objectively measured outcome for the same duration. In a megastudy targeting physical exercise among 61,293 members of an American fitness chain, 30 scientists from 15 different US universities worked in small independent teams to design a total of 54 different four-week digital programmes (or interventions) encouraging exercise. We show that 45% of these interventions significantly increased weekly gym visits by 9% to 27%; the top-performing intervention offered microrewards for returning to the gym after a missed workout. Only 8% of interventions induced behaviour change that was significant and measurable after the four-week intervention. Conditioning on the 45% of interventions that increased exercise during the intervention, we detected carry-over effects that were proportionally similar to those measured in previous research3-6 . Forecasts by impartial judges failed to predict which interventions would be most effective, underscoring the value of testing many ideas at once and, therefore, the potential for megastudies to improve the evidentiary value of behavioural science., (© 2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.)- Published
- 2021
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36. Enhancement of Speed and Accuracy Trade-Off for Sports Ball Detection in Videos-Finding Fast Moving, Small Objects in Real Time.
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Hiemann A, Kautz T, Zottmann T, and Hlawitschka M
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- Motion, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Sports
- Abstract
The detection and localization of the ball in sport videos is crucial to better understand events and actions occurring in those sports. Despite recent advances in the field of object detection, the automatic detection of balls remains a challenging task due to the unsteady nature of balls in images. In this paper, we address the detection of small, fast-moving balls in sport video data and introduce a real-time ball detection approach based on the YOLOv3 object detection model. We apply specific adjustments to the network architecture and training process in order to enhance the detection accuracy and speed: We facilitate an efficient integration of motion information, avoiding a complex modification of the network architecture. Furthermore, we present a customized detection approach that is designed to primarily focus on the detection of small objects. We integrate domain-specific knowledge to adapt image pre-processing and a data augmentation strategy that takes advantage of the special features of balls in images in order to improve the generalization ability of the detection network. We demonstrate that the general trade-off between detection speed and accuracy of the YOLOv3 model can be enhanced in consideration of domain-specific prior knowledge.
- Published
- 2021
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37. Effects of mixing two legume species at seedling stage under different environmental conditions.
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Elsalahy H, Bellingrath-Kimura S, Kautz T, and Döring T
- Abstract
While intercropping is known to have positive effects on crop productivity, it is unclear whether the effects of mixing species start at the early plant stage, that is, during germination. We tested whether the germination of two legume species, alsike clover and black medic, characterized by a contrasting response to water availability and temperature is affected by mixing. We set up four experiments in each of which we compared a 1:1 mixture against the two monocultures, and combined this with various other experimental factors. These additional factors were (i) varied seed densities (50%, 100% and 150% of a reference density) in two field trials in 2016 and 2017, (ii) varied seed densities (high and low) and water availability (six levels, between 25% and 100% of water holding capacity (WHC)) in a greenhouse pot trial, (iii) varied seed spacing in a climate chamber, and (iv) varied temperatures (12 °C, 20 °C and 28 °C) and water availability (four levels between 25% and 100% of WHC) in a climate chamber. Across all experiments, the absolute mixture effects (AME) on germination ranged between -9% and +11%, with a median of +1.3%. Within experiments, significant mixture effects were observed, but the direction of these effects was inconsistent. In the field, AME on germination was significantly negative at some of the tested seed densities. A positive AME was observed in the climate chamber at 12 °C, and the mean AME decreased with increasing temperature. Higher density was associated with decreased germination in the field, indicating negative interaction through competition or allelopathy, among seedlings. Our findings indicate that interaction among seeds in species mixtures may be ongoing during germination, but that the direction of the mixture effect is affected by complex interactions with abiotic and biotic factors., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no competing interests., (© 2021 Elsalahy et al.)
- Published
- 2021
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38. Crop Resilience to Drought With and Without Response Diversity.
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Elsalahy HH, Bellingrath-Kimura SD, Roß CL, Kautz T, and Döring TF
- Abstract
In the face of increasingly frequent droughts threatening crop performance, ecological theory suggests that higher species diversity may help buffering productivity by making systems more resistant through resource complementarity and more resilient through higher response diversity. However, empirical evidence for these diversity effects under drought stress has remained patchy. In two pot experiments, we explored whether mixing two legume species with a contrasting response to water availability, alsike clover (AC) and black medic (BM), promotes resistance to cumulative drought stress, and resilience of aboveground crop biomass to a transient drought event. The mixture was more productive than the average of the sole crops, and this mixture effect was higher in the non-stressed than in the drought-stressed plants. However, with six levels of constant drought intensities, the mixture effect was not consistently affected by drought level. Response diversity was evident as asynchrony of growth in the two species after the drought event, with BM re-growing faster than AC. Significant resilience to drought was observed in sole AC, i.e., without response diversity. Resilience was larger in AC than in BM and increased from 44 to 72 days after sowing (DAS). The mixture was more resilient than the average resilience of the sole crops at 72 DAS, but it was never more resilient than AC, indicating that resilience is promoted by, but not dependent on response diversity. We conclude that crop diversity may contribute to drought resilience through growth asynchrony, but that species identity plays a crucial role in making systems more drought-resilient., (Copyright © 2020 Elsalahy, Bellingrath-Kimura, Roß, Kautz and Döring.)
- Published
- 2020
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39. Sensitivity of self-reported noncognitive skills to survey administration conditions.
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Chen Y, Feng S, Heckman JJ, and Kautz T
- Subjects
- Female, Humans, Motivation, Schools, Self-Assessment, Self-Control, Sensitivity and Specificity, Surveys and Questionnaires, Self Report, Students psychology
- Abstract
Noncognitive skills (e.g., persistence and self-control) are typically measured using self-reported questionnaires in which respondents rate their own skills. In many applications-including program evaluation and school accountability systems-such reports are assumed to measure only the skill of interest. However, self-reports might also capture other dimensions aside from the skill, such as aspects of a respondent's situation, which could include incentives and the conditions in which they complete the questionnaire. To explore this possibility, this study conducted 2 experiments to estimate the extent to which survey administration conditions can affect student responses on noncognitive skill questionnaires. The first experiment tested whether providing information about the importance of noncognitive skills to students directly affects their responses, and the second experiment tested whether incentives tied to performance on another task indirectly affect responses. Both experiments suggest that self-reports of noncognitive skills are sensitive to survey conditions. The effects of the conditions are relatively large compared with those found in the program evaluation literature, ranging from 0.05 to 0.11 SDs. These findings suggest that the effects of interventions or other social policies on self-reported noncognitive skills should be interpreted with caution., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing interest.
- Published
- 2020
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40. Distinct communities of Cercozoa at different soil depths in a temperate agricultural field.
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Degrune F, Dumack K, Fiore-Donno AM, Bonkowski M, Sosa-Hernández MA, Schloter M, Kautz T, Fischer D, and Rillig MC
- Subjects
- Agriculture, Biodiversity, Cercozoa classification, Cercozoa genetics, Germany, Rhizosphere, Soil chemistry, Cercozoa isolation & purification, Ecosystem, Microbiota genetics, Soil parasitology
- Abstract
Protists are the most important predators of soil microbes like bacteria and fungi and are highly diverse in terrestrial ecosystems. However, the structure of protistan communities throughout the soil profile is still poorly explored. Here, we used Illumina sequencing to track differences in the relative abundance and diversity of Cercozoa, a major group of protists, at two depths; 10-30 cm (topsoil) and 60-75 cm (subsoil) in an agricultural field in Germany. At the two depths, we also distinguished among three soil compartments: rhizosphere, drilosphere (earthworm burrows) and bulk soil. With increasing depth, we found an overall decline in richness, but we were able to detect subsoil specific phylotypes and contrasting relative abundance patterns between topsoil and subsoil for different clades. We also found that the compartment effect disappeared in the subsoil when compared to the topsoil. More studies are now needed to describe and isolate these possibly subsoil specific phylotypes and better understand their ecology and function., (© FEMS 2019.)
- Published
- 2019
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41. Mobile Stride Length Estimation With Deep Convolutional Neural Networks.
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Hannink J, Kautz T, Pasluosta CF, Barth J, Schulein S, GaBmann KG, Klucken J, and Eskofier BM
- Subjects
- Databases, Factual, Deep Learning, Humans, Models, Biological, Regression Analysis, Gait physiology, Neural Networks, Computer, Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted, Walking physiology
- Abstract
Objective: Accurate estimation of spatial gait characteristics is critical to assess motor impairments resulting from neurological or musculoskeletal disease. Currently, however, methodological constraints limit clinical applicability of state-of-the-art double integration approaches to gait patterns with a clear zero-velocity phase., Methods: We describe a novel approach to stride length estimation that uses deep convolutional neural networks to map stride-specific inertial sensor data to the resulting stride length. The model is trained on a publicly available and clinically relevant benchmark dataset consisting of 1220 strides from 101 geriatric patients. Evaluation is done in a tenfold cross validation and for three different stride definitions., Results: Even though best results are achieved with strides defined from midstance to midstance with average accuracy and precision of , performance does not strongly depend on stride definition. The achieved precision outperforms state-of-the-art methods evaluated on the same benchmark dataset by ., Conclusion: Due to the independence of stride definition, the proposed method is not subject to the methodological constrains that limit applicability of state-of-the-art double integration methods. Furthermore, it was possible to improve precision on the benchmark dataset., Significance: With more precise mobile stride length estimation, new insights to the progression of neurological disease or early indications might be gained. Due to the independence of stride definition, previously uncharted diseases in terms of mobile gait analysis can now be investigated by retraining and applying the proposed method.
- Published
- 2018
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42. Proliferative capacity exhibited by human liver-resident CD49a+CD25+ NK cells.
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Martrus G, Kautz T, Lunemann S, Richert L, Glau L, Salzberger W, Goebels H, Langeneckert A, Hess L, Poch T, Schramm C, Oldhafer KJ, Koch M, Tolosa E, Nashan B, and Altfeld M
- Subjects
- Adult, Aged, Antigens, CD34 physiology, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Flow Cytometry, Humans, Killer Cells, Natural immunology, Liver immunology, Liver physiology, Liver Transplantation, Male, Middle Aged, Prospective Studies, Receptors, CXCR3 physiology, Cell Proliferation physiology, Integrin alpha1 physiology, Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit physiology, Killer Cells, Natural physiology, Liver cytology
- Abstract
The recruitment and retention of Natural Killer (NK) cells in the liver are thought to play an important role during hepatotropic infections and liver cirrhosis. The aims of this study were to determine differences between liver-derived and peripheral blood-derived NK cells in the context of liver inflammation and cirrhosis. We conducted a prospective dual-center cross-sectional study in patients undergoing liver transplantation or tumor-free liver resections, in which both liver tissue and peripheral blood samples were obtained from each consenting study participants. Intrahepatic lymphocytes and PBMCs were stained, fixed and analyzed by flow cytometry. Our results showed that, within cirrhotic liver samples, intrahepatic NK cells were particularly enriched for CD49a+ NK cells when compared to tumor-free liver resection samples. CD49a+ liver-derived NK cells included populations of cells expressing CD25, CD34 and CXCR3. Moreover, CD49a+CD25+ liver-derived NK cells exhibited high proliferative capacity in vitro in response to low doses of IL-2. Our study identified a specific subset of CD49a+CD25+ NK cells in cirrhotic livers bearing functional features of proliferation.
- Published
- 2017
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43. Hobit expression by a subset of human liver-resident CD56 bright Natural Killer cells.
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Lunemann S, Martrus G, Goebels H, Kautz T, Langeneckert A, Salzberger W, Koch M, J Bunders M, Nashan B, van Gisbergen KPJM, and Altfeld M
- Subjects
- CD56 Antigen, Humans, Killer Cells, Natural immunology, Receptors, Chemokine genetics, Transcription Factors genetics, Gene Expression Regulation, Killer Cells, Natural metabolism, Liver metabolism, Transcription Factors metabolism
- Abstract
Immune responses show a high degree of tissue specificity shaped by factors influencing tissue egress and retention of immune cells. The transcription factor Hobit was recently shown to regulate tissue-residency in mice. Whether Hobit acts in a similar capacity in humans remains unknown. Our aim was to assess the expression and contribution of Hobit to tissue-residency of Natural Killer (NK) cells in the human liver. The human liver was enriched for CD56
bright NK cells showing increased expression levels of the transcription factor Hobit. Hobitpos CD56bright NK cells in the liver exhibited high levels of CD49a, CXCR6 and CD69. Hobitpos CD56bright NK cells in the liver furthermore expressed a unique set of transcription factors with higher frequencies and levels of T-bet and Blimp-1 when compared to Hobitneg CD56bright NK cells. Taken together, we show that the transcription factor Hobit identifies a subset of NK cells in human livers that express a distinct set of adhesion molecules and chemokine receptors consistent with tissue residency. These data suggest that Hobit is involved in regulating tissue-residency of human intrahepatic CD56bright NK cells in a subset of NK cells in inflamed livers.- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
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44. Sensor-Based Gait Parameter Extraction With Deep Convolutional Neural Networks.
- Author
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Hannink J, Kautz T, Pasluosta CF, Gasmann KG, Klucken J, and Eskofier BM
- Subjects
- Accelerometry instrumentation, Foot physiology, Humans, Machine Learning, Regression Analysis, Walking physiology, Gait physiology, Neural Networks, Computer, Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted
- Abstract
Measurement of stride-related, biomechanical parameters is the common rationale for objective gait impairment scoring. State-of-the-art double-integration approaches to extract these parameters from inertial sensor data are, however, limited in their clinical applicability due to the underlying assumptions. To overcome this, we present a method to translate the abstract information provided by wearable sensors to context-related expert features based on deep convolutional neural networks. Regarding mobile gait analysis, this enables integration-free and data-driven extraction of a set of eight spatio-temporal stride parameters. To this end, two modeling approaches are compared: a combined network estimating all parameters of interest and an ensemble approach that spawns less complex networks for each parameter individually. The ensemble approach is outperforming the combined modeling in the current application. On a clinically relevant and publicly available benchmark dataset, we estimate stride length, width and medio-lateral change in foot angle up to -0.15 ± 6.09 cm, -0.09 ± 4.22 cm and 0.13 ± 3.78° respectively. Stride, swing and stance time as well as heel and toe contact times are estimated up to ±0.07, ±0.05, ±0.07, ±0.07 and ±0.12 s respectively. This is comparable to and in parts outperforming or defining state of the art. Our results further indicate that the proposed change in the methodology could substitute assumption-driven double-integration methods and enable mobile assessment of spatio-temporal stride parameters in clinically critical situations as, e.g., in the case of spastic gait impairments.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Genetic Characterization of Northwestern Colombian Chikungunya Virus Strains from the 2014-2015 Epidemic.
- Author
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Rodas JD, Kautz T, Camacho E, Paternina L, Guzmán H, Díaz FJ, Blanco P, Tesh R, and Weaver SC
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Aedes virology, Amino Acid Substitution genetics, Animals, Chikungunya Fever virology, Child, Child, Preschool, Colombia epidemiology, Epidemics statistics & numerical data, Female, Genes, Viral genetics, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Male, Phylogeny, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Viral Envelope Proteins genetics, Young Adult, Chikungunya Fever epidemiology, Chikungunya virus genetics
- Abstract
Chikungunya fever, an acute and often chronic arthralgic disease caused by the mosquito-borne alphavirus, chikungunya virus (CHIKV), spread into the Americas in late 2013. Since then it has caused epidemics in nearly all New World countries, the second largest being Colombia with over 450,000 suspected cases beginning in September, 2014, and focused in Bolivar Department in the north. We examined 32 human sera from suspected cases, including diverse age groups and both genders, and sequenced the CHIKV envelope glycoprotein genes, known determinants of vector host range. As expected for Asian lineage CHIKV strains, these isolates lacked known Aedes albopictus-adaptive mutations. All the Colombian strains were closely related to those from the Virgin Islands, Saint Lucia, Mexico, Puerto Rico, and Brazil, consistent with a single, point-source introduction from the southeast Asia/Pacific region. Two substitutions in the E2 and E1 envelope glycoprotein genes were found in the Colombian strains, especially E1-K211E involving a residue shown previously to affect epistatically the penetrance of the E1-A226V A. albopictus-adaptive substitution. We also identified two amino acid substitutions unique to all American CHIKV sequences: E2-V368A and 6K-L20M. Only one codon, 6K-47, had a high nonsynonymous substitution rate suggesting positive selection., (© The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.)
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Wearable Real-Time Skateboard Trick Visualization and Its Community Perception.
- Author
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Groh BH, Flaschka J, Wirth M, Kautz T, Fleckenstein M, and Eskofier BM
- Abstract
Motion visualization is an attractive way to provide support for a range of recreational and competitive sports. In skateboarding, sensor technology in particular can help visualization systems capture the motion of athletes to provide relevant information to athletes, judges, and spectators. This article describes the authors' proposed application of a 9D inertial-magnetic measurement unit (IMMU) based real-time trick classification and visualization system. It also reports on a survey they conducted with skateboarders that asked about the usefulness, acceptance, and future ideas of such a system.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Recent machine learning advancements in sensor-based mobility analysis: Deep learning for Parkinson's disease assessment.
- Author
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Eskofier BM, Lee SI, Daneault JF, Golabchi FN, Ferreira-Carvalho G, Vergara-Diaz G, Sapienza S, Costante G, Klucken J, Kautz T, and Bonato P
- Subjects
- Aged, Extremities physiology, Female, Humans, Hypokinesia diagnosis, Hypokinesia physiopathology, Male, Middle Aged, Parkinson Disease diagnosis, Parkinson Disease rehabilitation, Severity of Illness Index, Software, Machine Learning, Parkinson Disease physiopathology
- Abstract
The development of wearable sensors has opened the door for long-term assessment of movement disorders. However, there is still a need for developing methods suitable to monitor motor symptoms in and outside the clinic. The purpose of this paper was to investigate deep learning as a method for this monitoring. Deep learning recently broke records in speech and image classification, but it has not been fully investigated as a potential approach to analyze wearable sensor data. We collected data from ten patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease using inertial measurement units. Several motor tasks were expert-labeled and used for classification. We specifically focused on the detection of bradykinesia. For this, we compared standard machine learning pipelines with deep learning based on convolutional neural networks. Our results showed that deep learning outperformed other state-of-the-art machine learning algorithms by at least 4.6 % in terms of classification rate. We contribute a discussion of the advantages and disadvantages of deep learning for sensor-based movement assessment and conclude that deep learning is a promising method for this field.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Prokaryotes in Subsoil-Evidence for a Strong Spatial Separation of Different Phyla by Analysing Co-occurrence Networks.
- Author
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Uksa M, Schloter M, Endesfelder D, Kublik S, Engel M, Kautz T, Köpke U, and Fischer D
- Abstract
Microbial communities in soil provide a wide range of ecosystem services. On the small scale, nutrient rich hotspots in soil developed from the activities of animals or plants are important drivers for the composition of microbial communities and their functional patterns. However, in subsoil, the spatial heterogeneity of microbes with differing lifestyles has been rarely considered so far. In this study, the phylogenetic composition of the bacterial and archaeal microbiome based on 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing was investigated in the soil compartments bulk soil, drilosphere, and rhizosphere in top- and in the subsoil of an agricultural field. With co-occurrence network analysis, the spatial separation of typically oligotrophic and copiotrophic microbes was assessed. Four bacterial clusters were identified and attributed to bulk topsoil, bulk subsoil, drilosphere, and rhizosphere. The bacterial phyla Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes, representing mostly copiotrophic bacteria, were affiliated mainly to the rhizosphere and drilosphere-both in topsoil and subsoil. Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, Gemmatimonadetes, Planctomycetes, and Verrucomicrobia, bacterial phyla which harbor many oligotrophic bacteria, were the most abundant groups in bulk subsoil. The bacterial core microbiome in this soil was estimated to cover 7.6% of the bacterial sequencing reads including both oligotrophic and copiotrophic bacteria. In contrast the archaeal core microbiome includes 56% of the overall archaeal diversity. Thus, the spatial variability of nutrient quality and quantity strongly shapes the bacterial community composition and their interaction in subsoil, whereas archaea build a stable backbone of the soil prokaryotes due to their low variability in the different soil compartments.
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Using wearable sensors for semiology-independent seizure detection - towards ambulatory monitoring of epilepsy.
- Author
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Heldberg BE, Kautz T, Leutheuser H, Hopfengartner R, Kasper BS, and Eskofier BM
- Subjects
- Clothing, Electroencephalography, Epilepsy, Humans, Monitoring, Ambulatory, Seizures
- Abstract
Epilepsy is a disease of the central nervous system. Nearly 70% of people with epilepsy respond to a proper treatment, but for a successful therapy of epilepsy, physicians need to know if and when seizures occur. The gold standard diagnosis tool video-electroencephalography (vEEG) requires patients to stay at hospital for several days. A wearable sensor system, e.g. a wristband, serving as diagnostic tool or event monitor, would allow unobtrusive ambulatory long-term monitoring while reducing costs. Previous studies showed that seizures with motor symptoms such as generalized tonic-clonic seizures can be detected by measuring the electrodermal activity (EDA) and motion measuring acceleration (ACC). In this study, EDA and ACC from 8 patients were analyzed. In extension to previous studies, different types of seizures, including seizures without motor activity, were taken into account. A hierarchical classification approach was implemented in order to detect different types of epileptic seizures using data from wearable sensors. Using a k-nearest neighbor (kNN) classifier an overall sensitivity of 89.1% and an overall specificity of 93.1% were achieved, for seizures without motor activity the sensitivity was 97.1% and the specificity was 92.9%. The presented method is a first step towards a reliable ambulatory monitoring system for epileptic seizures with and without motor activity.
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. A robust Kalman framework with resampling and optimal smoothing.
- Author
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Kautz T and Eskofier BM
- Abstract
The Kalman filter (KF) is an extremely powerful and versatile tool for signal processing that has been applied extensively in various fields. We introduce a novel Kalman-based analysis procedure that encompasses robustness towards outliers, Kalman smoothing and real-time conversion from non-uniformly sampled inputs to a constant output rate. These features have been mostly treated independently, so that not all of their benefits could be exploited at the same time. Here, we present a coherent analysis procedure that combines the aforementioned features and their benefits. To facilitate utilization of the proposed methodology and to ensure optimal performance, we also introduce a procedure to calculate all necessary parameters. Thereby, we substantially expand the versatility of one of the most widely-used filtering approaches, taking full advantage of its most prevalent extensions. The applicability and superior performance of the proposed methods are demonstrated using simulated and real data. The possible areas of applications for the presented analysis procedure range from movement analysis over medical imaging, brain-computer interfaces to robot navigation or meteorological studies.
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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