Search

Background Only scattered information is available on the tillage and nutrient management information for the sesame crop following rice in the literature. Sesame as an edible oil yielding crop with high levels of unsaturated fatty acids has high international demand due to superior health benefits. Being a small seeded crop, it requires standard tillage and nutrient management to obtain optimum productivity under rice fallow ecologies. As a sequential crop after rice harvest, the tillage and nutrient management practices followed for the preceding rice have astounding effects on the succeeding sesame crop. To better understand and manipulate the agro ecology in the rice fallow culture, it is necessary to study the behaviour of sesame cultivars, in relation to the tillage requirements and macro nutrient factors that have a bearing on the productivity. Methods The aim of this work was to evaluate the productivity of rice fallow sesame in the southern plateau and hills regions of the Indian sub-continent (Tamil Nadu) with a hypothesis that tillage and nutrient management would immensely benefit the sesame crop. Field experiments were conducted at TNAU, Tamil Nadu Rice Research Institute, Aduturai, Tamil Nadu during 2019–2020 and 2020–2021 with tillage practices (reduced tillage, conventional tillage and zero tillage) and fertilizer doses (zero percent RDF, 25% RDF, 50% RDF, 75% RDF and 100% RDF) in a split plot design replicated thrice. Results The results have clearly indicated that the performance of rice fallow sesame was poor under zero till conditions as the sesame crop is poorly adapted leading to a yield penalty up to 68%. A total of 75% RDF has yielded statistically similar yield to that of 100% RDF to the rice fallow sesame. Further, neither the oil content nor the fatty acid composition was modified by tillage and nutrient management regimes.

This study aimed to prepare and characterize the zinc alginate complexes using SEM-EDAX, XRD, FTIR and evaluate their zinc retention percentage in cockerels. Three complexes were prepared using zinc sulfate (Zn-Alg- CM1), zinc carbonate (Zn-Alg-CM2), and zinc nitrate (Zn-Alg-CM3). Zn-Alg-CM3 was amorphous with smooth surfaces and showed a shifted absorption spectrum, indicating strong zinc binding compared to Zn-Alg-CM1 and Zn- Alg-CM2. Although Zn-Alg-CM2 had higher zinc composition, Zn-Alg-CM3 at 45 ppm significantly improved the digestibility of crude protein, crude fibre and zinc retention compared to Zn-Alg-CM1, Zn-Alg-CM2, and the control with zinc oxide in cockerels. Zn-Alg-CM3 exhibited antibacterial activity against E. coli, Salmonella and S. aureus. Therefore, Zn-Alg-CM3 showed promising potential as a novel feed supplement in cockerels and further research is essential to fully understand its impact on growth performance, antioxidant activity, and intestinal health in poultry.

This research introduces a hardware implementation of DC-DC boost converter designed to elevate the DC voltage generated by renewable sources while effectively regulating it against line and load fluctuations for inverter application. The main objective is to boost the DC link voltage to the level of Vmax in the output AC voltage obtained from inverter circuits. This enables the inverters for transformer-less power conversion from DC to AC to reduce magnetic losses, size and weight of the inverter circuits used in the utility application. The proposed converter's topology and switching sequences play a crucial role in enhancing overall performance. Utilizing a Zero Current Switching (ZCS) technique, the converter efficiently recovers stored energy from the magnetics. The proposed converter attained the output voltage of 350 V at its current of 1A from the input voltage of 20 V at its current of 19 A. The ZCS technique and the topology of the converter enhances the efficiency to 92 %. The study employs traditional Proportional-Integral (PI) and Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controllers for effective voltage regulation, analysing time domain specifications. Additionally, a Fuzzy logic controller is introduced as an alternative to PID controllers to compare their performance metrics, evaluating the optimization of the converter's transient and steady-state behaviours. The proposed converter is designed, simulated and their performance metrics are analysed using MATLAB for both with and without controllers. The step-time characteristics of the proposed converter with load resistance of RL = 500 Ω and an input voltage of Vi = 20 V has been determined and analysed. The PID system attained a rise time of 88.781 ms, an overshoot value of 9.341 %, and a steady-state error of 0.00043. The fuzzy system achieved a low-rise time of 10.624 ms, a low overshoot of 0.55 %, and a steady-state error of 0.0584. The hardware prototype of the proposed converter is implemented with a FPGA based PID and Fuzzy logic controllers for providing better voltage regulation and to improve the performance metrics of the converter. The simulation and experimental findings are contrasted, examined, and confirmed to ensure improved consistency in performance measures.

A quantitative analysis of scientific articles published in the Journal of Agrometeorology (JAM) between 2008 and 2022 was conducted using a variety of scientometric indicators. Various metrics were utilized to examine aspects including yearly research output, highly referenced sources, author rankings, contributions and profiles, cooperation trends, highly contributing nations, most cited papers, commonly searched keywords and worldwide collaboration mapping. This study employs biblioshiny for analysis and only looks at data that is available in Scopus database. With an h-index (17), a g-index (21) and 3238 total citations across the study period, the journal demonstrated considerable influence. With the greatest number of research publications (n=46) and the greatest number of citations (236), Pandey V stands out among other authors. In terms of the number of papers and citations, India emerged as the leading nation, with the Punjab Agricultural University in the lead with 744 publications. Four clusters were found by co-citation network analysis, with Allen RG being the most quoted author among them. The study also highlighted the fact that Indian authors worked together the most. This analysis is important for assessing the influence of the JAM and offers insightful information about noteworthy research trends and developments in the scientific community.

Castor is an industrially economic and valuable oilseed crop cultivated worldwide. There is a constant upsurge in demand for its oil. But wilt caused by Fusarium spp. is a devastating disease that severely affects the productivity depending upon the crop stage. Stable high yielding pistillate lines serve as donors in heterosis breeding programme and for further biotechnological advancements. Genetic characterization of wilt resistance indicated the role of duplicate dominant epistasis in YTP 1 × TMV 5, complementary epistasis in DPC 9 × JP 65 and JP 65 × SKI 215, duplicate recessive epistasis in YRCP 1 × DPC 9. Monogenic recessive nature of wilt resistance was reported in other four cross combinations viz., YRCP 2 × JP 65, SKP 84 × JP 65, YRCP 2 × DPC 9 and YRCP 2 × SKP 84. Magnified images taken using LED phase contrast microscope portrayed the presence of microconidia and macroconidia and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) image analysis showed the presence of intact internal cell structures in resistant check (48−1) while the cell structures were disturbed with mycelial growth in the susceptible check (JI 35). Among 21 pistillate lines screened, seven viz., DPC 9, DPC 16, SKP 84, JP 96, GEETA, M 574 and M 619–1 were resistant. By screening P1, P2, F1, F2, BC1F1 (P1) and BC1F1 (P2) generations of eight crosses under field and pot test method, the stable pistillate line DPC 9 was found to be wilt resistant. F1 generation plants expressed 100% susceptibility indicating the recessive nature of wilt resistance. JP 65 × SKI 215 and YRCP 1 × DPC 9 showed the minimum incidence comparing other F2 populations. The backcross (YRCP 1 × DPC 9) × DPC 9 was found to possess the lowest wilt incidence compared to other populations under field and green house condition. Hence the identified lines could be better used to develop wilt resistant high yielding hybrid and for further identifying and introgressing genomic regions conferring wilt resistance to high yielding popular variety through linkage/QTL mapping technique.

Diverse source of early genotypes is obligatory for breeding high yielding early castor (Ricinus communis L.) cultivars. One hundred and twenty-five medium duration genotypes including three checks were evaluated for the presence of genetic diversity and variability. Genetic distance, variance components and correlation coefficients were estimated for seven seed related quantitative traits. Significant genotypic differences were observed among the collections for these traits. High heritability and high genetic advance were noticed for seed length, seed breadth, Length/Breadth ratio, shelling percentage, 100 seed weight and seed yield per plant, thus mode of gene action reported was additive. Genetic diversity analysis based on dendrogram, phenogram and circular form grouped the entries into seven groups and it computed inter and intra cluster distance. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) revealed that the first three components cumulatively accounted for 72.57 per cent of the total variation. Seed yield per plant showed a significant association with shelling percentage and 100 seed weight. Also, direct effects were high and positive through seed breadth, Length/Breadth ratio and 100 seed weight. The promising genotypes identified (ICIRG 2272103 and RG 1673) and the information generated would be useful for breeding early/medium cultivars as well to understand the physiological mechanism related to earliness in castor.

Castor is an important industrial oilseed crop utilized for multivarious applications. Augmenting seed yield in long duration castor varieties is of utmost importance to meet the increasing oil demand and also to make them suitable for inter/border cropping. Understanding the genetic diversity in base population of monoecious lines and interrelationship between economic traits are very much important to formulate suitable genetic improvement programmes. In this regard, seed morphological characterization and genetic diversity was assessed in 62 late flowering monoecious lines. Predominance of brown colour, ellipsoid shape and conspicuous mottling with caruncle was observed among the genotypes. Cluster analysis grouped them into eight different clusters. Maximum inter cluster distance was found between cluster VI and VIII, whereas intra cluster distance was high in cluster II. Cluster VI recorded the highest cluster mean for 100 seed weight and seed yield per plant (44.56 g and 174 g, respectively). Association studies revealed 100 seed weight and shelling percentage to be the significant traits for indirect selection of yield. In conclusion, the cluster VI has potential genotypes to utilize in developing high yielding varieties and male parent donor for hybrid breeding. The diverse genotypes identified from this study could be given priority during recombination breeding to get diverse segregants and for further molecular analysis like mapping population development and QTL/gene identification.

A catalyst-free one-pot synthetic approach for the synthesis of substituted 1,2,3-triazole has been described. The reaction proceeds via the simple click chemistry as well as the formation of two new C-N bonds. A wide variety of substituted 1,2,3-triazoles were obtained in good yield by using both maleimides and 1,4-naphthoquinone as coupling partners. Moreover, one of our synthesised compounds has been confirmed by single-crystal XRD analysis. Molecular docking studies with EGFR-TK receptor revealed the lowest binding energy displayed by 5ba with a binding energy of −8.8 kcal/mol. Given all the simulation data, 18 out of 20 compounds possess promising anticancer activity against the 6TFU receptor. This inhibition property is improved efficiency than the commercially available drug Gefitinib and thus can be an excellent lead compound for cancer drug discovery.

In the present study 300 doubled haploid lines from six populations were phenotyped with four yield related traits under water stress at flowering. Quantitative trait loci analysis was done for 263 lines which were genotyped successfully based on individual location and combined locations. For the four yield related traits viz., Anthesis silking interval, ear weight, ears per plant and chlorphyll content a total of 48 significant QTLs were detected based on the separate individual location analysis, of which 26 were detected for Hyderabad location data and 22 detected for Aurangabad location data. In the combined analysis there were 18 QTLs detected in which four QTLs found in population group 1(for ASI), four QTLs in population group 2 (one each for ASI and ears per plant and two for ear weight)and 10 QTLS detected in Pooled population analysis (two for ASI, one for chlorophyll content, five for ears per plant and two for ear weight). However, in combined location QTL analysis one common overlapping QTL was identified on chromosome 8 with same interval for ears per plant and ear weight. Meanwhile eight and three major QTLs were identified in individual location and combined location analysis. These genomic regions could be candidate targets for further fine mapping and marker-assisted breeding in maize.

Road hazards such as jaywalking pedestrians, stray animals, unmarked speed bumps, vehicles, and road damage can pose a significant threat in poor visibility conditions. Vehicles are fitted with safety technologies like advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) and AW (automatic warning) systems to tackle these issues. However, these safety systems are complex and expensive, and these proprietary systems are exclusive to high-end models. The majority of the existing vehicles on the road lacks these systems. The YOLO model (You Only Look Once Architecture) was chosen owing to its lightweight architecture and low inference latency. Since YOLO is an open-source architecture, it can enhance interoperability and feasibility of aftermarket/retrofit ADAS devices, which helps in reducing road fatalities. An ADAS which implements a YOLO-based object detection algorithm to detect and mark obstacles (pedestrians, vehicles, animals, speed breakers, and road damage) using a visual bounding box was proposed. The performance of YOLOv3 and YOLOv5 has been evaluated on the Traffic in the Tamil Nadu Roads dataset. The YOLOv3 model has performed exceptionally well with an F1-Score of 76.3% and an mAP (mean average precision) of 0.755, whereas the YOLOv5 has achieved an F1-Score of 73.7% and an mAP of 0.7263.

A quantitative analysis of scientific articles published in the Journal of Agrometeorology (JAM) between 2008 and 2022 was conducted using SCOPUS database and a variety of scientometric indicators. Various metrics were utilized to examine aspects including yearly research output, highly referenced sources, author rankings, contributions and profiles, cooperation trends, highly contributing nations, most cited papers, commonly searched keywords and worldwide collaboration mapping. This study employs biblioshiny for analysis and only looks at data that is available in Scopus database. With an h-index (17), a g-index (21) and 3238 total citations across the study period, the journal demonstrated considerable influence. With the greatest number of research publications (n=46) and the greatest number of citations (236), Pandey V stands out among other authors. In terms of the number of papers and citations, India emerged as the leading nation, with the Punjab Agricultural University in the lead with 744 publications. Four clusters were found by co-citation network analysis, with Allen RG being the most quoted author among them. The study also highlighted the fact that Indian authors worked together the most. This analysis is important for assessing the influence of the JAM and offers insightful information about noteworthy research trends and developments in the scientific community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Castor is one of the non - edible oilseed crop cultivated all over the world. Knowledge on genetic divergence is the foremost important tool for the initiation of any successful breeding programme. The present investigation aims to reveals the nature and magnitude of diversity that exist among the 70 castor genotypes based on 11 biometrical traits, using Mahalanobis D2 statistics. Based on the genetic distance, 70 castor genotypes were grouped into seven different clusters. Among the characters studied, seed yield per plant (45.96 per cent) had major contribution to the total divergence. The maximum interclusters distance was recorded between genotypes cluster IV and cluster VI. The maximum intera- cluster distance was observed in the cluster VII (28.28). Thus, selection of genotypes from diverse clusters for future hybridization programme as a parental genotypes will helps to obtain segregants.

In the title compound, C31H22N4O4, the pyrrolidine ring adopts a twist conformation on the N—CH2 bond. The indolin-2-one and the 1H-indole rings are nearly planar (r.m.s. deviations = 0.06 and 0.011 Å, respectively) and are inclined to one another by 34.19 (9)°. The chromene ring system is also nearly planar (r.m.s. deviation = 0.029 Å). It is almost normal to the 1H-indole ring system, with a dihedral angle of 88.71 (8)°, and is inclined to the indolin-2-one ring system by 72.76 (8)°. In the crystal, molecules are linked via N—H...O hydrogen bonds, forming slabs parallel to (10-1). The slabs are linked by C—H...O hydrogen bonds, forming a three-dimensional structure.

In the central aza-bicyclooctane unit of the title compound, C40H34N4O3·0.75H2O, the peripheral pyrrolidine ring adopts an envelope conformation with the N atom deviating by 0.209 (2) Å, whereas the other pyrrolidine ring adopts a twisted conformation with the bridging N and C atoms deviating by −0.218 (2) and 0.236 (3) Å, respectively, from the rest of the ring. The pyrazole ring forms dihedral angles of 42.36 (7) and 24.07 (8)° with its C- and N-attached phenyl groups, respectively. The solvent water molecule has a partial occupancy of 0.75. In the crystal, the water molecules link the fused-ring molecules into chains along the b axis via O—H...N and O—H...O hydrogen bonds. The crystal packing is further stabilized by C—H...π interactions involving a methylene group of the pyran ring and the C-attached benzene ring on the pyrazole ring.

In the title compound, C41H32N6O2S, the pyrrolothiazole ring system is folded about the bridging N—C bond. The thiazolidine and pyrrolidine rings adopt envelope (with the fused C atom as the flap) and twisted conformations, respectively. The two phenyl rings attached to the pyrazole ring are twisted from the plane of the latter by 6.8 (1) and 52.8 (1)°. The allyl group is disordered over two conformations in a 0.805 (6):0.195 (6) ratio. In the crystal, pairs of N—H...O hydrogen bonds link the molecules into centrosymmetric dimers.

In the title compound C38H32N4O3, one pyrrolidine ring adopts an envelope conformation with the N atom as the flap while other pyrrolidine ring adopts an twisted conformation. The pyrrolizine ring forms dihedral angles of 79.24 (5) and 77.57 (5)° with the chromene and indole rings, respectively. The carbonyl O atoms deviate from the least-square planes through the chromene and indole rings by 0.0113 (12) and 0.0247 (12) Å, respectively. In the crystal, non-classical C—H...O interactions link the molecules, generating an C(9) chain along the b-axis direction.

In the present study 300 doubled haploid lines from six populations were phenotyped with four yield related traits under water stress at flowering. Quantitative trait loci analysis was done for 263 lines which were genotyped successfully based on individual location and combined locations. For the four yield related traits viz., Anthesis silking interval, ear weight, ears per plant and chlorphyll content a total of 48 significant QTLs were detected based on the separate individual location analysis, of which 26 were detected for Hyderabad location data and 22 detected for Aurangabad location data. In the combined analysis there were 18 QTLs detected in which four QTLs found in population group 1(for ASI), four QTLs in population group 2 (one each for ASI and ears per plant and two for ear weight)and 10 QTLS detected in Pooled population analysis (two for ASI, one for chlorophyll content, five for ears per plant and two for ear weight). However, in combined location QTL analysis one common overlapping QTL was identified on chromosome 8 with same interval for ears per plant and ear weight. Meanwhile eight and three major QTLs were identified in individual location and combined location analysis. These genomic regions could be candidate targets for further fine mapping and marker-assisted breeding in maize. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Water from open and bore well are commonly used in majority of the poultry farms in India. When the drinking water is passed through specially designed apparatus in which tuned geometry creates an energy environment for the water to structure itself, it is claimed that surface tension of water is lowered with better hydrating properties. This geometric technology said to break up large low energy water molecule clusters into smaller high energy clusters which is called as structured water or structure-altered water. In order to study the influence of structured water on the performance of commercial broiler chicken, an experiment was conducted using 216 numbers of Vencobb broiler chicks up to 42 days of age. The birds were assigned to two groups comprising of twelve replicates per group with 9 birds per replicate. The control group (108) was offered tap water whereas the treatment group was offered structured water for drinking purpose. The body weight (g) was numerically higher in structured water group (2016 ± 28 vs 1989 ± 26) as compared to tap water offered group. Similarly, the feed conversion efficiency was relatively better (1.769 ± 0.02 vs 1.802 ± 0.02) in structured water group. The total quantity of water consumed (ml/bird) up to 6 weeks age was less in structured water group (11511±144) as compared to the tap water (11101±112) offered group. The digestibility of nutrients and retention of minerals were similar among the tap and structured water offered groups. The heart (10.12b±0.34 vs 9.16a±0.20) and spleen weights (2.73b±0.012 vs 1.817a±0.005) were significantly high and abdominal fat content was low (1.021a±0.055 vs 1.204b±0.061) in structured water group as compared to tap water offered group. The feed cost per kg body weight gain was comparatively low (₹1.03) in structured water group (₹54.88 ± 0.55 vs 55.91 ± 0.48). From this study, it can be inferred that structured water offered to commercial broiler chicken for drinking purpose resulted in extra profit of ₹2.06/bird. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents information on a study which investigated the influence of mustard cake/oil feeding on fatty acid composition in the milk of buffaloes. It conducted a lactation trial to examine the mustard oil based concentrate feeding on conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) content of buffalo milk. A brief information is given on milk fat as a natural dietary source of CLA. It explores the proximate and fatty acids composition of feeds and fodders. It notes that the CLA content of the milk fat of cow can be enhanced by dietary additions of plant oil which are high in unsaturated fatty acids.

The article discusses a study which investigated the antimicrobial resistant pattern of Escherichia coli isolated from eleven poultry farms. Eight of the poultry farms were known to have a history of multiple antimicrobial usage for both prophylaxis and therapeutic purposes in Ogun State, Nigeria. The study is considered a good example of typical use of antimicrobial agents by most poultry farmers in Nigeria. Study results are also cited as justification for the development of a critical review of the usage of antimicrobial agents in livestock in Nigeria.

The article discusses a study which examined the effect of mustard oil supplementation on the fatty acid composition of milk, milk yield and nutrient utilization in buffaloes. The total conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) of the buffaloes increased by 185% with the addition of 2% free mustard oil in their diet. The CLA level was found to be independent of milk fat percent, milk yield and milk fat yield.

The article presents a study which examines the impact of grazing on conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) content of milk in crossbred cows. It states that milk in grazing group cows had 23.77% higher content of CLA. The researchers revealed that feeds, rich in C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids, elevated the CLA content in the milk of dairy cows.

The article presents the study which evaluated the prevalence of aflatoxins in maize and deoiled rice bran that is usually used i animal and poultry rations. In the study, an activated thin layer chromatography (TLC) plate was used to examine the extracted aflatoxin. It claims that the contamination of feed stuff with mycotoxins is a worldwide issue.

The article presents a study that examined trace mineral physiology in Indian male camels' serum. It is stated that Gujarat and Rajasthan camels were made to graze morning and evening on grasses and given water and that their blood samples were taken and the serum separated and analyzed. The concentrations of copper, iron, manganese and zinc observed in the serum may reportedly be due to the presence of these minerals in the feeds, fodder and soil of the region.