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This study was carried out to determine the slaughter and carcass traits of Gray Hungarian and German Mast geese raised in private farm conditions in Kars province, and the effect of genotype and sex on these traits. A total of 113 geese, 71 females (51 Gray Hungarian geese and 20 German Mast geese) and 42 males (28 Gray Hungarian geese and 14 German Mast geese) were slaughtered at approximately 6 months of age. The mean live weights of Gray Hungarian and German Mast geese before slaughter were 4291.96 and 3007.59 g, respectively. Statistically significant differences were found between Gray Hungarian and German Mast geese in slaughter and carcass traits except gizzard weight (p<0.001). No statistically significant difference was detected between the two genotypes in terms of hot carcass weight, blood ratio, and feather ratio (p>0.050). There was a statistically significant difference in gizzard weight between the sex groups of Gray Hungarian geese (p<0.001). A statistically significant difference was found only in hot carcass yield among all traits examined between the sex groups of German Mast geese (p<0.001). In conclusion, it was determined that Gray Hungarian geese reared in commercial enterprise breeding conditions in Kars province were generally superior to Mast geese in terms of slaughter and carcass traits. Apart from local goose breeds, it may be suggested that breeders may prefer Gray Hungarian geese compared to German Mast geese to obtain heavy carcasses at an earlier age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study conducted to investigate the effect of breeding flock age on the fattening performance and carcass characteristics of broilers, Ross-308 chicks obtained from the eggs of breeding in three different age groups; young (30 weeks old), middle (47 weeks old), and old (59 weeks old) were used. For this purpose, three different treatment groups and three replications in each treatment group were formed depending on the breeder age in the experiment. In the study, 30 chicks in each replication, 90 chicks in each treatment group and 270 chicks in total were used. At the initial and the end of the experiment, the differences observed between the treatment groups in terms of live weight were found to be significant. It was determined that chick live weights per trial increased with increasing flock age (P0.05). As a result, although chicks obtained from old flocks had higher live weight at the beginning of the experiment, the effect of flock age on fattening performance and carcass parameters was eliminated at the end of the experiment and showed similar values with the chicks obtained from medium and young flocks.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the Effect of adding Different dosages of live yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) in diet on growth performance, carcass characteristics, intestinal morphology, and gut microflora of broilers. The study was conducted on 270 oneday old chickens (Ross 308) during a 42-day period. Broilers were randomly allocated to one of three dietary treatments that differed in the content of added yeast: no additional yeast; with 0.25 g/kg; and with 0.65 g/kg of added yeast. Each experimental group contained 90 animals. The results from our study showed that diet supplemented with 0.25 g/kg of yeast resulted in better growth performance and carcass quality (P<0.05), improved intestinal morphology (P<0.001), higher development of beneficial microflora (Lactobacillus spp.) (P<0.01), and reduction of pathogenic bacteria (Escherichia coli) in guts of broilers than in the group fed only with the basic diet (P<0.05). On the other hand, the group with the highest inclusion of yeast in diet (0.65 g/kg) achieved similar results for the examined parameters as did the group with no added yeast. Therefore, the adequate dose of S. cerevisiae in diet was 0.25 g/kg of yeast, while higher dose of live yeast in broiler diet (0.65 g/kg) did not achieve better results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, Hubbard Red JA57 genotype, which growing slowly in mixed sex, were examined in indoor (KYS) and free-range raising systems (SYS). The study was carried out at the Kahramanmaraş Sutcu Imam University (KSU), Animal Production Application and Research Center for 12 weeks. Each treatment was represented by 3 groups containing 28 male chick (total 168 chick). During the indoor treatment, the chicks were raised in floor pens in a conventional house (3.7 birds/m2). In the free-range treatment, the chickens were housed in a similar indoor house (3.7 birds/m2); in addition, they also had a free-range clover paddock (0.9 bird/m2). All birds were provided with the same diets as ad-libitum. In two different raising systems; live weight, feed consumption, feed conversion ratio, survival rate, carcass and parts rates, edible giblets weight and rates, testicular weights and rates, rectal temperature and tonic immobility were examined. Results showed that the weekly feed conversion ratio was found to be significant at the 11th week and the additive feed conversion ratio at the 12th week. The difference between the groups in terms of rectal temperature and tonic immobility values, testicular weights and rates were found to be significant. In terms of average interaction; While the average rates of hot carcass, cold carcass, back, breast meat and neck were the same, the averages of thigh, bony breast and wing ratios were different. The highest mean abdominal fat rate was found in KYS females, the highest average gizzard rate in SYS females, the highest mean liver in KYS females, and the highest heart weight in SYS males.

This research was conducted for 42 days, in order to determine the effects of fluctuate lighting program on production and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens. 300 day old Ross 308 chicks were used. Chicks were randomly distributed to 2 lighting groups which were normal lighting (control) and fluctuate lighting, and each group was divided in to 3 replicates containing 50 chicks. For both groups lighting was arranged as 23 hours of lighting versus 1 hour of dimming. Control group was subjected to constant lighting of 20 lux/m2 for the days 0-21, and 5 lux/m2 for the days 22-42; while in the fluctuate lighting group was subjected to lighting of 5 lux/m2 for 45 minutes and additional 20 lux/m2 for 15 minutes every hour. There were no differences of final body weight, weekly body weight gain, cumulative feed intake, cumulative feed conversion ratio, viability, foot and leg problems, hot and cool carcass weight, thigh weight, breast weight, wing weight, back weight, liver or heart weights. However, there were statistically significant differences of gizzard weight and abdominal fat weight between two groups. In conclusion, gizzard and abdominal fat weights of broilers subjected to fluctuate lighting are less than control. This suggests that fluctuate lighting can be used to lower abdominal fat which is an important problem in broilers.

Copyright of Journal of Agriculture & Nature / Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım & Doğa Dergisi is the property of Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam Universitesi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Gram negative bacterium Fibrobacter succinogenes lives anaerobically in the bovine rumen and secretes β-glucanase. Barley is a cheap food input for poultry production but it is low in nutrients due to its beta glucan content. Supplementing exogenous β-glucanase (EC 3.2.1.4) to broiler diets can decrease the viscosity of the intestinal content by hydrolyzing the β-glucan and enhancing nutrient digestibility. In the current study, β-glucanase enzymatic activity was assayed after extraction from bovine rumen fluid, and then its effect on broiler performance, carcass characteristics, duodenum microbial flora, hematological and immunological parameters was compared with a commercial enzyme. A total of 120 local broilers (Golpayegani- Ross hybrid) was allocated to 3 treatments with 4 replicates per treatment and 10 birds per replicate/pen. Over a 49-day experimental period, broilers were fed a basal diet (T1), basal diet with 10 IU of extracted β-glucanase and 20% barley (T2) and basal diet with 10 IU of commercial β-glucanase and 20% barley (T3). T2 significantly increased body weight gain and decreased feed intake over the whole experimental period. Treatments had a significant effect on hematological parameters except low density lipoprotein (LDL) concentration (P<0.01). Treatments did not affect antibody titration. The highest non-eviscerated carcass weight (P<0.05) and eviscerated carcass weight (P>0.05) were associated with the T2. The same treatment also caused a significant increase in lactobacilli and Escherichia coli in the gastrointestinal tract. Consequently, enzyme addition had a positive effect on broiler performance without any adverse effects on humoral immunity parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was undertaken to investigate the effect of dietary fat supplementation with linseed oil and/or pig lard on performance, carcass characteristics, fatty acid profile and serum biochemistry parameters in broiler chickens. In the study, 240 one-day-old Cobb 500 broiler chickens were randomly distributed to one control and three experimental dietary groups: diet supplemented with pig lard; diet supplemented with linseed oil, and; diet supplemented with a 1:1 ratio of lard to linseed oil. The fat sources influenced serum biochemistry parameters and fatty acid profiles of drumsticks with thighs, but had no influence on growth performance or carcass characteristics. With dietary linseed oil, eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid increased (P<0.05) in meat from drumsticks with thighs. Supplementation with pig lard significantly (P<0.05) increased the saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids in drumsticks with thighs. In conclusion, dietary incorporation of linseed oil and pig lard during starter, grower and finisher phases can enrich broiler chickens meat with n-3 PUFA. This study has clearly shown that linseed oil in broiler nutrition provided the best n-6/n-3 ratio. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was investigate the effects of whole wheat scattered the litter on performance, carcass characteristics and viscosity and pH of excreta in male broilers. A total 336 male chicks (Ross-308) were randomly distributed into two dietary treatments of four replicates each. Same starter (0 to 21 d) and finisher diets (22 to 45 d) were used in both groups. All birds were given ad libitum access to feed and water throughout experimental period. From 8 to 21 days, whole wheat (10 g/bird/day) was randomly thrown on the litter in one of the experimental groups twice a day (at 0800 and 1200 h). Scattering whole wheat in the litter decreased body weight of male broilers at 21 d of age while increased at 45 d of age. Feed intake was not affected by whole wheat scatter treatment. From 22 to 45 and 0 to 45 d of age, feed conversion ratio significantly improved in group scattered whole wheat in the litter than control group. No significant differences were occurred among groups for mortality, carcass characteristics and excreta viscosity. However, pH value of excreta in group scattered whole wheat the litter showed significant reduction as compared control group. According to these results, scattering whole wheat the litter at an early stage affected the performance of male broilers positively.

Bu çalışmada yavaş gelişen 2 etlik piliç genotipinin SG1, SG2 49 günlük ve hızlı gelişen bir ticari etlik piliç genotipinin 42 FG1 ve 49 günlük FG2 besi süresi sonunda besi performansları, karkas özellikleri ve bazı ekonomik parametreleri karşılaştırılmıştır. İki dönem yürütülen denemede; her dönemde her genotipten 260, toplam 1560 260 x 3 x 2 civciv kullanılmıştır. Civcivler her genotipte 10 tekerrür olacak şekilde yer bölmelerinde büyütülmüştür. Besi süresince gruplarda SG1, SG2, FG1, FG2 canlı ağırlık, yem tüketimi, yemden yararlanma oranı ve ölüm oranı, besi süresi sonunda ise kesim ve karkas özellikleri belirlenmiştir. Üretim masrafları ve piliç eti satış değerlerine ait verilerden yararlanılarak gruplarda maliyet, karlılık ve teknik etkinlik skorları hesaplanmıştır. Grupların teknik etkinlik skorları stokastik sınır modeli SSM ile tahmin edilmiştir. SG1 ve SG2 genotipleri kesim canlı ağırlığına 2.0-2.5 kg 49 günde ulaşmış; yem tüketimleri ise FG1’in yem tüketim düzeyine yakın olmuştur. Göğüs oranı FG1 ve FG2’de, but oranı ise SG1 ve SG2’de yüksek bulunmuştur. En yüksek nispi karlılık FG1 grubunda olmuş, bunu FG2, SG2 ve SG1 izlemiştir. SG1, SG2, FG1 ve FG2’nin teknik etkinlik skorları 0.9632, 0.9639, 0.9664 ve 0.9699 bulunmuştur P

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary addition of male and female Ferula eleaochytris powder (FEP) on growth performance and body components of broilers (Ross-308). Treatment groups were allocated to 5 dietary in which 0 (control), 5 g and 10 g male FEP, 5 g and 10 g female FEP doses per kg commercial broiler diet. In total, 80 male broiler chicks (1-d old) in which 16 animals in each group were used in study. Body weight gain and feed intake were monitored weekly for 6 weeks. Forty two days old broiler chicks were slaughtered to determine the possible changes in body components. The results of the study indicated that FEP had no effect on any parameters. However; the weight of the control group gave higher values than 5 g male Ferula group. In conclusion the measured parameters had no effect between all groups.

Copyright of Eurasian Journal of Veterinary Sciences is the property of Eurasian Journal of Veterinary Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Animal Production / Hayvansal Üretim is the property of Hayvansal Uretim (Journal of Animal Production) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study was performed to determine the fattening performance, carcass and meat quality characteristics of Alpine x Hair goat (F1), Saanen x Hair goat (F1) and Hair goat male kids. A total of 20 kids at about 5 months of age were fattened for 70 days. Average values for daily food intake of Alpine x Hair goat (F1) (n=7), Saanen x Hair goat (F1) (n=6) and Hair goat (n=7) kids during the fattening were calculated 0.820, 0.795 and 0.936 kg (P<0.01), and average concentrate consumption per 1 kg live weight gain were 7.92, 7.51 and 7.71 kg (P<0.01) kg, respectively. The dressing percentage was found as 46.83%, 47.23 and 46.06, respectively. Percentages of long leg, back-loin and fore-arm were 19.29%, 16.02 and 19.64 (P<0.05) and 19.74%, 21.27 and 20.54 (P<0.05), respectively. Meat quality characteristics were determined in the Longissimus dorsi (LD). Average values of pH, L*(lightness), drip loss (72 h) and cooking loss of meat samples were found as 6.26, 5.83 and 5.59 (P<0.01), 43.65, 44.87 and 51.75 (P<0.05), 2.26%, 2.82%and 3.51% (P<0.05) and 16.08%, 23.06% and 25.19% (P<0.01), respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bu araşt ı rma, farkl ı formlarda arpa içeren rasyonlarla beslenen 6 ayl ı k yaşta Akkeçi erkek o ğ laklar ı nda kesim ve karkas özelliklerinin belirlenmesi amac ı yla yap ı lm ışt ı r. iki ayl ı k yaşta sütten kesilen, her birinde 5 ba ş erkek oğ lak bulunan üç gruba, dört ayl ı k büyütme döneminde, serbest olarak dane, k ı r ı lm ış ve ezilmiş arpadan olu şan rasyonlar verilmi ştir. Araşt ı rma materyali o ğ laklarda, kesimhane a ğı rl ı kları dane arpa grubunda 30.48±3.04 kg; k ı r ı lm ış arpa grubunda 28.45±1.64 kg; ezilmi ş arpa grubunda 26.28±1.71 kg olarak belirlenmi ştir. Sı cak ve soğ uk karkas rand ı manlar ı , gruplarda s ı ras ı yla % 47.18±1 .74, % 45.28±1.28 ; % 47.41±1.29, % 45.35±1.37 ve % 45.01±1.27, % 43.32±1 .38 olarak saptanm ışt ı r. Oğ lak gruplar ı . aras ı nda iç yağ ve böbrek-le ğen yağ lar ı bak ı m ı ndan istatistik olarak önemli farkl ı l ı k olmamakla beraber dane ve k ı rı k arpa ile beslenen gruplarda ya ğ birikimi bir miktar daha fazla olmu ştur. iç yağı n kesimhane a ğı rl ığı ndaki pay ı ; dane arpa grubunda % 1.51±0.14, k ı rı k arpa grubunda % 1.63±0.21, ezilmi ş arpa grubunda % 1.25±0.16 olarak belirlenmi ştir. Böbrek ve leğ en yağ lar ı n ı n soğ uk karkas ağı rl ığı nda oransal paylar ı ise gruplarda s ı ras ı yla % 5.83±0.98, % 5.94±0.39 ve % 5.35±0.58' dir. De ğerli karkas parçalar ı n ı n sol yar ı m karkasta oransal paylar ı her üç grupta s ı ras ı yla; kol % 20.41±0.24, % 22.10±0.49 ve % 22.32±0.42; but % 32.27±1.28, % 32.41±1.03 ve % 33.32±1.01; s ı rt-bel % 23.03±1.38, % 23.04±0.96 ve % 22.96±0.46 olarak saptanm ışt ı r.Pirzola bölgesinde 6-12. kaburgalar dokular ı n fiziksel diseksiyonu sonucunda, gruplarda s ı ras ı yla, kas doku % 54.60±2.822, % 57.03±1 .757 ve % 54.44±3.050; kemik doku % 28.20±3.150, % 24.98±1.511 ve % 26.64±1.668; toplam ya ğ doku % 12.70±1 .167, % 11.70±1.369 ve % 13.95±1.909 olarak belirlenmi ştir. Araşt ı rmada elde edilen sonuçlara göre, arpan ı n farkl ı formlarda verilmesinin kesim ve karkas özelliklerine istatistik olarak önemli etkide bulunmad ığı belirlenmiştir.

In this study, 2 slow growing broiler genotypes (SG1 and SG2) slaughtered at 49 days of age were compared with a fast growing commercial genotype slaughtered at 42 days of age (FG1) or 49 days of age (FG2) with respect to fattening performance, carcass characteristics and some economic parameters. The study was carried out in 2 periods and 260 chicks from each genotype in each period (a total of 1560 chicks; 260 x 3 x 2) were used. Ten replicates of chicks from each genotype were reared on litter system. Live weight, feed consumption, feed efficiency and mortality in groups (SG1, SG2, FG1, FG2) were determined throughout the production periods, while slaughter and carcass traits were determined at the end of production periods. Cost, efficiency and technical efficiency scores were calculated by using production expenses and meat sale prices. Stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) was used to estimate the technical efficiency scores of groups. SG1 and SG2 genotypes reached to slaughtering live weight (2.0-2.5 kg) at 49 days of age, and the feed consumptions of these 2 genotypes were similar to the consumption of F1. The breast ratio was higher in FG1 and FG2, whereas the thigh ratio was higher in SG1 and SG2. The highest relative profit was determined in FG1 genotype and FG2, SG2 and SG1 followed this genotype, respectively. The technical efficiency scores of SG1, SG2, FG1 and FG2 were 0.9632, 0.9639, 0.9664 and 0.9699 (P<0.05), respectively. The mortality in FG1 (5.00%) and FG2 (6.54%) can be interpreted as significant losses, although net and relative profits of these groups were superior to SG1 and SG2. At the end of 49 days, the mortality in SG1 and SG2 genotypes occurred as 1.15% and 2.69%, respectively (P<0.05). Despite the fact that SG1 and SG2 genotypes reached to slaughtering weight at 49 days of age, they were advantageous due to their lower mortality levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study is to determine effects of brooder machine rearing method in the first week on fattening performance, carcass characteristics, meat quality and some blood parameters of male and female Pekin ducks. A total of 120 (60 male and 60 female) ducklings were used in the research. Each sex group was randomly allocated into two rearing methods. In the first group (brooder machine), ducklings were arranged in the brooder machine from 1 to 7 d then reared on the deep litter floor until day 42 . In the second group (litter/control), ducklings were reared on the deep litter floor from the day 1 to the day 42 of the fattening period. At the day 41 of the fattening period, 5 ducks from each sex and rearing groups were randomly selected and bled. At the day 42 of the fattening period all ducklings were slaughtered in a commercial slaughterhouse. Hot carcass yield, organ weights and carcass characteristics were determined. Also pH, ash, fat and crude protein were determined in the breast and thigh muscles. Total body weight gain, hot carcass yield and breast percentage of ducks reared on the litter group (control group) were significantly (P<0.01, P<0.001, P<0.05) higher than those of ducks reared in the brooder machine group. Thigh fat content and breast fat content were affected by first week rearing method and these traits were higher (P<0.01) in the litter group (control group) than the brooder machine group. Only creatinin kinase level in the examined blood parameters of ducks was higher in the group reared on the litter (P<0.05). Sex affected the hatching weight, body weight gain from 1 to 42 d, feed intake from 1 to 42 d, ash of thigh meat and also ash and crude protein of breat meat (P<0.01). In conclusion, the fattening performance, hot carcass yield and percentage of breast of the pekin ducks were positively affected by the litter floor in the first week. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was carried out to determine the effects of dietary yeast cell wall supplementation on growth performance, carcass traits, antibody production to sheep red blood cells (SRBC) and histopathological changes in broilers. A total of 272 Ross 308 male broiler chicks aged one day were allocated into one control group and three treatment groups each containing 68 chicks. A basal diet was supplemented with 0,1, 2 and 3 g/kg yeast cell wall (InteMos) to obtain dietary treatments. The experimental period lasted 6 weeks. Dietary yeast cell wall increased body weight gain during the first three weeks (P<0.001). Feed conversion during the first three weeks (P<0.001) and during the overall experimental period (P<0.01) were improved with the dietary supplementation of yeast cell wall. No differences were observed in feed intake, carcass yield and the relative weights of gizzard, liver and heart. Yeast cell wall supplementation decreased the relative weight of abdominal fat (P<0.05) and increased antibody titreş to SRBC (P<0.01) in broilers. Control and treatment groups had similar histological grade; hepatic lobular inflammation, steatosis and cell ballooning scores and, cardiac steatosis. It is concluded that yeast cell wall was an effective feed additive in broiler feeding due to the increased growth performance, increased humoral immune response and the reduction in abdominal fat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was conducted to determine the growth performance and carcass characteristics of two slow-growing broiler genotypes (Hubbard S757 and Hubbard Grey Barred JA) fed diets supplemented with dry oregano (Origanum vulgare L. or lemon balm leaves (Melissa officinalis L.) as growth promoter source under an organic housing system. In this study 240 chicks (mixed-sex) were allocated randomly into 4 experimental groups according to a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement for 2 broiler genotypes and 2 diets. The effects of dry herb leaves and genotype x herb leaves interaction on studied parameters were not significant at all weeks of age (P>0.05), except neck (%). Body weight, body weight gain, feed efficiency, carcass weight and yield, leg weight and yield, breast weight and yield, back weight and yield, edible giblets weight and yield of Hubbard S757 genotype were higher (P<0.05) than those of Hubbard Grey Barred JA genotype. The female breast (P<0.01) and edible giblets yield (P<0.05) were superior to those of males. These results show that herb leaves used as a growth promoter source under organic housing system did not affect the studied parameters and that in terms of these parameters, and subsequent Hubbard S757 genotype were superior to Hubbard Grey Barred JA genotype. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of width and depth of bell drinker and sex on fattening performance and carcass characteristics of Pekin ducks. A total of sixty male and sixty female ducklings (Star 53 H.Y., Grimaud Freres) were used. Each sex group was randomly allocated into two bell drinker groups (narrow bell drinker with 47 mm water depth and 48 mm water width and wide bell drinker with 78 mm water depth and 90 mm water width) each of 30 ducklings. Groups were located in floor pens of 170 x 94 cm width x length, each of 6 chicks, in a naturally ventilated house. Sex affected the hatching weight (P<0.01), total body weight gain (P<0.001), feed intake (d 22 to 42 and d 1 to 42, P<0.05), feed conversion ratio (d 1 to 21, P<0.05), slaughter weight (P<0.001) and percentages of hot carcass (P<0.05). Wide bell drinker increased the body weight gain (d 22 to 42 and d 1 to 42, P<0.001), feed efficiency (d 22 to 42 and d 1 to 42, P<0.01), slaughter weight (P<0.001) and percentages of breast and wings (P<0.01), however decreased the percentages of skin subcutaneous fat (P<0.01). More width and depth bell drinker was positively contributed to the fattening performance in rearing of Pekin ducks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the effects of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L) oil supplementation to diet were investigated on performance, carcass traits and some blood parameters of Japanese quails exposed to a high ambient temperature of 34°C. A total of 180 fifteen-day-old quails were divided into 6 treatments consisting of 10 birds of 3 replicates. All groups were balanced according to initial live weight and gender. Birds were kept in wire cages in temperature-controlled room at either 22°C for 24 h/d (thermo neutral-TN) or 22°C for 16 h/d and 34°C (heat stress-HS) for 8 h/d (from 9:00 to 17:00) during the study. Trial was conducted as a 2x3 factorial arrangement. Birds were fed either a basal (control) diet (TN and HS) or the basal diet supplemented with 125 or 250 ppm of rosemary oil. The highest final live weight was observed in 250 ppm rosemary oil under the TN condition and the lowest was in control group of HS. HS condition affected negatively on quail live weight (P<0.05), but the effect of rosemary oil on this parameter was not significant (P>0.05). Live weight gain and feed intake were not significantly different among the treatment groups (P>0.05). Feed conversion ratio was better in rosemary oil groups than control groups in both environmental conditions (P<0.01). Heat stress deteriorated carcass yield (P<0.01). The highest hot and cold carcass yield (g/100 g of body weight) was observed in 250 ppm rosemary oil added group under the TN condition, but this difference did not significant. Birds kept in HS conditions had greater glucose.level than hens kept in TN conditions (P<0.01). Rosemary oil decreased blood glucose level, especially in 250 ppm group of HS (P<0.05). Total, HDL, LDL cholesterol and triglyceride levels were not significantly different among the treatment groups (P>0.05). In conclusion, rosemary oil supplementation reduced the negative effects of heat stress. Rosemary oil could be considered as a potential natural feed additive, following further studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of sex and slaughter ages on body weight and some carcass traits in Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica). The material used in this research was selected for 11 generations from high (HL) body weight Japanese quail line according to 5-week body weights. Age had a significant effect on body weight, carcass weight and carcass yield. Body weight was lower for the quails slaughtered at 5 weeks of age than for all the other ages examined (P<0,01). Also, sex effect was significant on body weight and carcass weight being higher for females than for males at all ages, but males showed higher carcass yield than females (P<0,01). Except wing percent, there was no significant difference between the sexes in terms of thigh percent, neck percent and back percent. Sex had also significant effect on liver and gizzard percent (P<0,01). Furthermore, results showed that slaughter age affected percents of some internal organs and carcass parts of quails except thigh and wing percents, significantly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The experiment was conducted to study the effect of deep litter system, free-range with fixed housing system and free-range with portable housing system in wheat stubble on carcass characteristics and meat quality of slow-growing broiler chickens. The number of 270 slow-growing Hubbard Isa Red-JA chicks was used in experiment. Number of 12 slow-growing broilers from each production system and totally 36 slow-growing broilers was selected for detection of carcass and meat quality characteristics. Results showed that production system has a significant effect on carcass yield, leg and wing ratios (P<0.05), but has not any effect on breast, back and neck ratios (P>0.05). Production system was also not effected in terms of pH, color, protein content, fat, ash, dry matter and water holding capacity of breast meat (P>0.05), but has a significant effect in terms of polyunsaturated fatty acids of breast meat (P<0.01). While there was a significant difference between production systems in terms of monounsaturated fatty acid miristoleik acit (P<0.5), there were any significant difference in terms of other fatty acids (P>0.05). Free-range with fixed housing system has an advantage than other systems in terms of nutrient content, polyunsaturated fatty acids and monounsaturated fatty acid miristoleik acit of breast meat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study included Japanese quail flock subjected to mass selection for four generations to increase live-weight and a control flock that randomly mated for four generations. The effects of selection and early feed restriction on live-weight, feed consumption, feed conversion and carcass traits were investigated. In terms of live-weight, higher mean values were observed for quail flock subjected to selection in all weeks. It was detected that feed restriction has no effect on weekly live-weight and feed consumption. In addition, restrictedly fed quails more effectively benefitted from feeds in the 3rd and 4th weeks. Carcass, edible inner organ, and abdominal fat weight of quails subjected to selection were found as 137.51, 8.94, and 1.17 g, respectively. The same traits were determined for quails in control group as 116.08, 7.89, and 1.08 g, respectively. It was concluded that feed restriction by producers for species like quails of which the sexual maturity age and cutting age were close to each other would not yield any economic gain, and short-term mass selection could increase carcass weight by around 20%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was carried out to determine the effects of dietary sepiolite on performance, carcass traits and some blood parameters of broilers. A total of 204 daily Ross 308 female broiler chicks were allocated into one control group and two treatment groups each containing 68 chicks. Sepiolite was used at the level of 0%, 0.5% and 1% for the diets of control group and the first and second treatment groups, respectively. The experimental period lasted 6 weeks. Supplemental sepiolite improved body weight (P<0.01) and overall body weight gain (P<0.05). No differences were observed in feed intake, feed efficiency, carcass yield and the relative weights of gizzard, liver, heart, spleen and Bursa Fabricus among groups. The relative weight of abdominal fat and the levels of serum cholesterol and serum triglyceride were reduced with 1% sepiolite inclusion in the diet. Blood serum levels of total protein were not affected by sepiolite. It is concluded that 1% sepiolite in the diets of broiler increase body weight gain and reduce the relative weight of abdominal fat and the levels of serum cholesterol and triglyceride. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study was conducted to investigate fattening performance, slaughter traits and some blood parameters of native Turkish geese feeding by semi-intensive system. Fifty, 3-4 day old unsexed native gosling were used in this study. Goslings were fed totally 11 weeks (starter diet for first 4 week, grower diet for 7 weeks). Beginning from the start of the third week goslings were grazed at 08:00- 10:00 and 15:00-17:00. At the end of the study 5 geese were slaughtered and slaughter traits were determined. Average live weight, live weight gain, feed intake and feed efficiency were found 2908 g, 33.0 g, 144.4 g and 5.5, respectively. Carcass, wing, leg, breast, mesenteriyal and abdominal fat ratio were found 63.35, 10.82, 14.31, 21.61, 1.19 and 1.66%, respectively. Serum cholesterol, total protein, albumin and glucose amount were found to be 123 mg/dL, 3.51 g/dL, 1.35 g/dL and 184 mg/dL, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effects of fresh, ensiled and dried alfalfa on performance, carcass and organoleptic characteristics of lamb were investigated in this study. For this purpose, a total of 40 Akkaraman lambs at the age of 4 months and averaging 21 kg of body weight were used. All diets were prepared as isonitrogenous and isoenergetic. The alfalfa form using in rations were composed the experimental group. The experimental groups were fed with wheat straw as roughage was Control group (K-Group) or fed with fresh alfalfa as roughage was YT group, ensiled alfalfa was YS group and dried alfalfa was YK group. The highest dry matter intake (P<0.001) and daily weight gain (P<0.01) were found in lambs fed with dried alfalfa (YK group). Feed efficiency ratios in K, YT, YS and YK groups were 5.85, 7.78, 6.21 and 5.91, respectively (P<0.01). The highest hot (P<0.001) and cold (P<0.05) carcass yields were detected in YK group. Smelling parameter was the unique parameter that was determined to be statistically important among all groups (P<0.05), and the other parameters of sensorial analysis were not found statistically important (P>0.05). In conclusion, consumption of dried alfalfa as roughage instead of straw in lambs were improved the dry matter intake, daily weight gain and carcass characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The experiment was carried out using a 4 × 4 factorial design. There were 16 experimental groups. Each group consisted of 3 lambs. The experiment lasted 56 days. During the experiment, the oregano oil (0 and 5 g/kg DM) and urea (0, 6, 12, and 18 g/head per day) were given to lambs consuming low energy/low protein diets (2350 Kcal/kg DM/ 10.80% CP/DM, respectively) and normal energy/normal protein (2600 Kcal/kg DM, 14.97% CP/DM, respectively) diets. Daily body weight gain of lambs consuming normal energy/normal protein diets and supplemented with 6, 12 and 18 g/head per day urea were significantly (P < 0.01) higher compared to those consumed low energy/low protein diets and supplemented with oregano oil. The voluntary feed intake of lambs consuming the normal energy/normal protein diets supplemented with urea (6, 12 and 18 g/head per day) was lower compared to lambs consuming low energy/low protein diets supplemented with oregano oil and urea. On the other hand, the feed efficiency of lambs consuming the normal energy/normal protein diets supplemented with urea (6, 12 and 18 g/head per day) was significantly (P < 0.01) higher compared to lambs consuming the low energy/low protein diets supplemented with oregano oil and urea. The supplementation of urea to lambs consuming the low energy/low protein diets and the normal energy/normal protein diets increased the weight of cold carcass. The supplementation of urea had no significant (P > 0.01) effect on the other carcass characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was conducted to determine the effects of propolis extract supplementation at various doses (0.5, 5, 10, 20, 40, 80 ml propolis/kg of diet) to the diet and it was investigated that its effects on body weight, feed intake, feed conversion, mortality and carcass weight characteristics in growing Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japanica) Japanese quail (n=120, from hatch to 35d age) were randomly divided into seven groups, six treatments and control. Control group was fed a basal diet while the treatment diets were supplemented with different propolis concentrations. There was a significant negative effect of different propolis doses on weight gain (p=0.05, linear). There were no effects of propolis doses on overall liver and gizzard weight. All doses of propolis had significant affect 35th day carcass weight (p<0.05). The findings of this study revealed that propolis has not beneficial effect on performance characteristics in quail diets during first weeks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was carried out to determine the effect of age on male Zavot cattle for slaughter and carcass characteristics. For this aim, 18 male Zavot cattle were divided equally into groups 1, 2 and 3 containing animals 6, 18 and 30 months old, respectively. The fattening period lasted 162 days and there was a 14-day adaptation period. Individual ad-libitum feeding was used during the experiment. At the end of the fattening period, the mean liveweight of groups 1, 2 and 3 was 202.9, 327.3 and 348.5 kg; hot carcass weight was 106.3, 190.7 and 197.2 kg; and the dressing percentage was 52.4%, 58.2% and 56.5% respectively. According to slaughter characteristics, there were statistically significant differences among the groups in terms of the rate of the internal fat (P < 0.05), of the kidney-kidney fat, of the 10th-12th rib fat and carcass measurements (P < 0.01). Moreover, significant correlations among the live weight, slaughter characteristics, and body and carcass measurements were also defined (P < 0.001). Finally, it was concluded that 18 months is the most suitable age to start fattening male Zavot cattle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was carried out to determine the carcass traits of geese of different origins reared in Turkey. INRA, Armutlu, Başkuyu and Tatlicak origin geese were used; 6 females and 6 males of each origin were slaughtered at the end of the experiment. Among the origins, the differences were statistically significant for leg weight, head and abdominal fat ratio to the body (P < 0.05), neck weight, feather and gizzard fat ratio to the body (P < 0.01), hot carcass, blood, head, foot, heart, liver, gizzard, cold carcass, wing, breast and back weight, and blood, heart, liver and back ratio to the body were also significant (P < 0.001). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bu çalışmada Ankara Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Zootekni Bölümü Hayvancılık işletmesinde yetiştirilen 10 aylık yaştaki Akkeçi erkek çebiçlerinin kesim ve karkas özellikleri ile etlerinin bileşimlerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır Araştırma materyali Akkeçi erkek çebiçlerinde kesimhane ağırlığı 31.0911.930 kg'dır. Sıcak karkas ve soğuk karkas randımanları sırasıyla % 44.3010.694 ve % 42.2310 793 olarak saptanmıştır. Karkas parçalarının sol yarım karkasta oransal payları ise but % 30.2610 410, boyun % 12.5710.843, kol % 21 601 0 473, etek (boş böğür) % 11.7410 359 ve sırt-bel % 21.27 10.636 olarak belirlenmiştir Araştırmada karkas parçalarında fiziksel olarak dokuların diseksiyonu yapılmıştır. Oransal olarak en fazla kas, but parçasında yer almaktadır. Bunu sırasıyla kol, sırt-bel, boyun ve etek izlemektedir. Karkas değerlendirmede önemli bir ölçüt olan yağ doku bakımından sıralama ise etek, kol. sırt-bel, but ve boyun şeklinde olmuştur. Pirzola (6-12 kaburgalar) bölgesinde dokuların oransal payları ise sırasıyla kas % 57 43i1 060. kemik % 27.6411.590, kabuk yağı % 7.1410.639, kas arası yağ % 5.7410.906 olarak saptanmıştır Karkasların pirzola bölgesinde kemik dokunun ayrılmasından sonra yapılan kimyasal analiz sonuçlarına göre; ham protein % 17.6710.198, ham yağ % 12.0210.677, su % 68.15i0.535 ve ham kül % 1.16i0.030 olarak belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca, pirzola bölgesinde musculus longissimus dorsi (MLD) kasında bağlı su düzeyi % 79.45ı0.902dlr

Bu çal ışmada, yoğun yem veya kaba yem ile beslenen kuzulardaki gelişme gücü, rumen gelişimi, kesim ve karkas özelliklerinin bu koşullardaki besin maddeleri çevrim etkenlikleri ile birlikte belirlenip kar şılaştı nlmalan arnaçlanmıştı r. Bu amaçla, Ile de France Akkaraman, Border Leicester x Akkaraman melez' kuzular, her birinde 7 birey bulunan iki gruba e şit sayı da yerleştirilmiştir. Bu iki gruptan birisi, serbest olarak kuru yonca otu ile beslenirken, diğer grup, serbest olarak yoğun yem karması ve 100gkjOntbaş kuru yonca otu ile 70 gün süreyle beslenmişlerdir. Sonuçta, yem tüketimi, vücut geli şimi, kesim ve karkas özellikleri bak ımı ndan gruplar aras ı ndaki farklar genelde önemli P