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1. Linking human resources practices to employee engagement in the hospitality industry: the mediating influences of psychological safety, availability and meaningfulness

Author

Md Karim Rabiul, Ahmad Edwin Mohamed, Ataul Karim Patwary, Tan Fee Yean, and Siti Zaitun Osman

Subjects
Human resource practices, Meaningfulness, Safety, Availability, Work engagement, Organisational engagement, Business, HF5001-6182, Finance, HG1-9999
Abstract

Purpose – Drawing on self-concept theory, this study evaluates the mediating effects of employees' psychological states on the relationship between human resources (HR) practices and employee engagement. Design/methodology/approach – Through random sampling, 434 customer-contact frontline employees from five-star hotels in Malaysia participated in the cross-sectional survey. Findings – The results produced by the Smart-PLS (partial least squares) indicate that HR practices positively and significantly influence employees' psychological states of safety, meaningfulness and availability. All these psychological states also exert positive influences on employee engagement (organisational and work engagement). Safety and availability mediate the links between HR practices and employee engagement, but not meaningfulness. Practical implications – HR practices and employees' psychological states are necessary in ensuring positive employee outcomes and improving customer service provision. Originality/value – The findings contribute to the further extension of self-concept theory and employee engagement by incorporating the mediating roles of employees' psychological states in the relationships between HR practices and employee engagement. 研究目的 – 以自我概念理論為依據，本研究擬評估僱員的心理狀態、如何在人力資源做法與員工敬業度之間的聯繫上起著仲介的效應。 研究方法 – 透過隨機抽樣法，434名在馬來西亞五星級酒店工作、接觸顧客的一線員工被選參與一個橫斷面調查。 研究結果 – 以SmartPLS (偏最小平方)取得的研究結果顯示、人力資源做法正面地影響著員工的安全感、工作給予的意義和感知的組織支援；而且，這些心理狀態，均會對員工的敬業度(對組織的自豪感及對工作的投入)起著正面的影響。另外，安全感和感知的組織支援在人力資源做法與員工敬業度之間的聯繫上、起著仲介之效應；唯工作給予的意義則沒有這個效應。 研究的原創性 – 研究結果進一步伸展了自我概念理論及員工敬業度方面的論述，這是由於本研究把員工心理狀態所扮演的中介角色，納入人力資源做法與員工敬業度的聯繫中。 研究給予的啓示 – 若要確保積極的員工成果及提供更佳的顧客服務，有效的人力資源做法和正面的員工心理狀態是不可或缺的。

Published
2023
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2. Women's Social Mobility and Attitudinal Acceptance of Wife Abuse : A Cross-Sectional Study Among Bengali, Santal, and Garo Ethnic Communities in Rural Bangladesh

Author

Rahman, Hafijur, Karim, Rabiul, Habib, Tanzima Zohra, Swahnberg, Katarina, Rahman, Hafijur, Karim, Rabiul, Habib, Tanzima Zohra, and Swahnberg, Katarina

Abstract

Previous studies exploring the influential factors associated with attitudinal acceptance of wife abuse (AAWA) did not widely focus on the relation between women's social mobility (WSM) and different dimensions of AAWA in rural Bangladesh. This current study examined the association between WSM and different dimensions of AAWA in the context of socio-cultural differences among the Bengali, the Santal, and the Garo ethnic communities in rural Bangladesh. Adopting a cross-sectional design, 1,929 married men and women were randomly included in the study from 8 Bengali, 8 Santal, and 8 Garo villages where 50.2% were women and 49.8% were men. Of the sample, 33.2% Garo, 33.2% Santal, and 33.6% Bengali participants were included in this study. Data revealed that 45.5% of women had low social mobility and the prevalence of different dimensions of AAWA was high and varied among the study communities. We used descriptive statistics, chi-square, and binary logistic regression analysis to estimate the association. The multivariate binary logistic regression analysis results revealed that the likelihood of attitudinal acceptance of overall abuse, psychological abuse, physical abuse, abuse on disobeying family obligation, and abuse on challenging male authority were significantly lower for the respondents who belonged to families where women enjoyed high mobility compared to those who belonged to families where WSM was low. This study also showed that the Bengali and the Santal participants were more likely to accept different dimensions of AAWA compared to the Garos. This study suggests that WSM should be considered in policy-making and implementing interventions to reduce the different dimensions of AAWA in rural Bangladesh.

Published
2024
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3. Can Blockchain Payment Services Influence Customers’ Loyalty Intention in the Hospitality Industry? A Mediation Assessment

Author

Rashed Al Karim, Md Karim Rabiul, Mahima Ishrat, Pornpisanu Promsivapallop, and Sakia Kawser

Subjects
blockchain mobile payment service, service quality, privacy and security, customer satisfaction, loyalty intention, Political institutions and public administration (General), JF20-2112
Abstract

This study analyzes the impact of blockchain mobile payment services on customer loyalty intention through the mediating role of service quality, privacy and security, and customer satisfaction in the Bangladeshi hospitality industry. Data were collected through a survey using a structured questionnaire from 326 respondents who stayed in 4- and 5-star hotels in Chattogram and Cox’s Bazar. Respondents’ (N = 326) opinions were analyzed employing Smart PLS software. The results ensure that privacy and security and customer satisfaction mediate the blockchain-based mobile payment services and loyalty intention relationship. However, service quality does not mediate that relationship. The findings of the mediation effect of privacy and security and customer satisfaction are a unique contribution to the blockchain literature in the field of the hospitality industry. Hoteliers are encouraged to employ appropriate blockchain mobile payment services for better quality customer service and ensured safety and security, and in turn, loyalty intention.

Published
2023
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8. Linking environmental knowledge, environmental responsibility, altruism, and intention toward green hotels through ecocentric and anthropocentric attitudes

Author

Ataul Karim Patwary, S. Mostafa Rasoolimanesh, Md Karim Rabiul, Roslizawati Che Aziz, and Mohd Hafiz Hanafiah

Subjects
Tourism, Leisure and Hospitality Management
Abstract

Purpose This study aims to examine the effects of environmental knowledge, perceived environmental responsibility and altruism on tourist’s intention to stay in green hotels. In addition, the mediating role played by tourists’ attitudes, including ecocentric and anthropocentric attitudes, is explored. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected from 393 international tourists in Malaysia. This study followed a cross-sectional approach and applied the partial least squares – structural equation modelling using SmartPLS version 3 software to analyse the data and test the hypotheses. Findings The results indicated that environmental knowledge, altruism, environmental responsibility and ecocentric and anthropocentric attitudes positively influence tourists’ intention to stay in green hotels. Ecocentric attitudes mediate environmental knowledge, altruism, environmental responsibility and intention to stay in green hotels. However, environmental knowledge and altruism do not influence anthropocentric attitudes. Likewise, anthropocentric attitudes do not mediate the relationship between environmental knowledge, altruism, perceived environmental responsibility and intention to stay in green hotels. Research limitations/implications This study posed several theoretical and practical implications that will benefit future researchers and practitioners while exploring tourists’ behaviour in a green hotel context. Originality/value This study makes a unique and significant contribution by including ecocentric and anthropocentric attitudes in a unified model underpinned by the Theory of Planned Behaviour and the Value-Basis Theory.

Published
2022

9. The COVID-19 crisis and factors driving international tourists’ preferences for contactless dining services

Author

Mehri Yasami, Md. Karim Rabiul, Pornpisanu Promsivapallop, and Hongrui Zhu

Subjects
Tourism, Leisure and Hospitality Management
Abstract

Purpose The purpose of this study is to integrate the theory of planned behavior and the protection motivation theory to propose a theoretical framework for examining the influence of attitude, perceived behavioral control and subjective norms on international tourists’ intentions to select restaurants with contactless dining services (CDSs) as a protective behavior against COVID-19. This study further tested the moderation effects of subjective norms on attitude and perceived behavioral control links with intention. Design/methodology/approach In all, 344 international tourists completed questionnaires via QR-coded Google forms in Phuket Old Town and Patong Beach in Thailand. Data analysis was conducted by SPSS and Smart-PLS (partial least square). Findings Intention to select a restaurant with CDSs was influenced by attitude, perceived behavioral control and subjective norms. Subjective norms had a significant negative moderating effect on attitude and intention links. However, the moderation effect of tourists’ subjective norms on the connection between their perceived behavioral control and intention toward restaurant dining was not proved. Practical implications Providing CDSs could be a quick solution to decrease the devastating effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the restaurant industry. Originality/value This study incorporated CDSs to expand the application of the integrated model of theory of planned behavior and protection motivation theory as a theoretical basis in the restaurant industry to explain how international tourists’ behavioral choices may change during the pandemic in Thailand. This study also contributes to the travel risk literature by highlighting the influence of attitude anchored on risk and efficacy beliefs (perceived vulnerability, severity and response efficacy) in predicting protective behavioral intention.

Published
2022

11. Green purchasing behaviour of international tourists in Malaysia using green marketing tools: theory of planned behaviour perspective

Author

Ataul Karim Patwary, Muharis Mohamed, Md Karim Rabiul, Waqas Mehmood, Muhammad Umair Ashraf, and Adamu Abbas Adamu

Subjects
Strategy and Management, Business and International Management
Abstract

Purpose This study aims to examine the effects of green marketing tools on tourists’ behavioural intention to buy green products by measuring individuals’ subjective norms, attitudes and perceived behavioural control. Design/methodology/approach A total of 421 international tourists from several tourist attractions in Malaysia, selected through convenience sampling, participated in a survey. Findings The analysis results using partial least squares structural equation modelling suggest that behavioural intention of international tourists is firmly influenced by attitude, perceived behavioural control, subjective norms and green marketing tools. However, the subjective norm does not work as a mediator. Practical implications The relationships established in this study provide insight into hoteliers’ knowledge for further implementation of green marketing strategies (eco-label, eco-brand, environmental advertising), which can enhance green attitudes and behavioural intention of purchasing green products in the hospitality industry. Originality/value This study expands the theory of planned behaviour by including green marketing tools to measure international tourists’ green buying tendency in Malaysia.

Published
2022

12. Linking leadership styles to communication competency and work engagement: evidence from the hotel industry

Author

Md Karim Rabiul, Faridahwati Mohd Shamsudin, Tan Fee Yean, and Ataul Karim Patwary

Subjects
Tourism, Leisure and Hospitality Management
Abstract

PurposeThis study examines the mediation effects of leaders' communication competency in the link between leadership styles (i.e. servant and transactional leadership) and employees' work engagement.Design/methodology/approachCross-sectional survey data from 392 employees in 33 hotels in Bangladesh were collected. To analyze the data, structural equation modeling was adopted, and partial least squares (PLS) analysis was used.FindingsResults of PLS analysis revealed that servant leaders and leaders' communication competency positively influence employees' work engagement. In boosting employees' work engagement, communication competency is an important tool for servant leadership but not for transactional leadership.Practical implicationsHoteliers and managers may want to adopt a servant leadership style and develop effective leadership communication skills to increase employees' engagement at work.Originality/valueThis study introduces communication competency as a mediating mechanism between leadership styles and work engagement in the hospitality industry.

Published
2022

13. Linking human resources practices to employee engagement in the hospitality industry: the mediating influences of psychological safety, availability and meaningfulness

Author

Ahmad Edwin Mohamed, Siti Zaitun Osman, Tan Fee Yean, Ataul Karim Patwary, and Karim Rabiul

Subjects
Marketing, Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management, business.industry, Strategy and Management, Mechanical Engineering, Work engagement, Applied psychology, Metals and Alloys, Psychological safety, Hospitality industry, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, Tourism, Leisure and Hospitality Management, Employee engagement, Business and International Management, business, Psychology, Human resources, Finance
Abstract

PurposeDrawing on self-concept theory, this study evaluates the mediating effects of employees' psychological states on the relationship between human resources (HR) practices and employee engagement.Design/methodology/approachThrough random sampling, 434 customer-contact frontline employees from five-star hotels in Malaysia participated in the cross-sectional survey.FindingsThe results produced by the Smart-PLS (partial least squares) indicate that HR practices positively and significantly influence employees' psychological states of safety, meaningfulness and availability. All these psychological states also exert positive influences on employee engagement (organisational and work engagement). Safety and availability mediate the links between HR practices and employee engagement, but not meaningfulness.Practical implicationsHR practices and employees' psychological states are necessary in ensuring positive employee outcomes and improving customer service provision.Originality/valueThe findings contribute to the further extension of self-concept theory and employee engagement by incorporating the mediating roles of employees' psychological states in the relationships between HR practices and employee engagement.研究目的以自我概念理論為依據，本研究擬評估僱員的心理狀態、如何在人力資源做法與員工敬業度之間的聯繫上起著仲介的效應。研究方法透過隨機抽樣法，434名在馬來西亞五星級酒店工作、接觸顧客的一線員工被選參與一個橫斷面調查。研究結果以SmartPLS (偏最小平方)取得的研究結果顯示、人力資源做法正面地影響著員工的安全感、工作給予的意義和感知的組織支援；而且，這些心理狀態，均會對員工的敬業度(對組織的自豪感及對工作的投入)起著正面的影響。另外，安全感和感知的組織支援在人力資源做法與員工敬業度之間的聯繫上、起著仲介之效應；唯工作給予的意義則沒有這個效應。研究的原創性研究結果進一步伸展了自我概念理論及員工敬業度方面的論述，這是由於本研究把員工心理狀態所扮演的中介角色，納入人力資源做法與員工敬業度的聯繫中。研究給予的啓示若要確保積極的員工成果及提供更佳的顧客服務，有效的人力資源做法和正面的員工心理狀態是不可或缺的。

Published
2021

14. The role of servant leadership, self-efficacy, high performance work systems, and work engagement in increasing service-oriented behavior

Author

Karim Rabiul, IM Panha, and Ataul Karim Patwary

Subjects
Marketing, Self-efficacy, ComputingMilieux_THECOMPUTINGPROFESSION, Tourism, Leisure and Hospitality Management, Work engagement, Mediation, Servant leadership, Service oriented, Psychology, Work systems, Social psychology, Social learning theory, Management Information Systems
Abstract

By integrating job demand-resources and social learning theories, the mediation effects of work engagement between servant leadership and service-oriented behavior; and moderating effects of self-e...

Published
2021

15. Knowledge management practices on innovation performance in the hotel industry: mediated by organizational learning and organizational creativity

Author

Ataul Karim Patwary, Mohamad Khairi Alwi, Shafique Ur Rehman, Md Karim Rabiul, Adeneye Yusuf Babatunde, and Mirza Mohammad Didarul Alam

Subjects
Library and Information Sciences
Abstract

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to investigate the role of knowledge management (KM) practices on innovation performance. It also examines whether organisational creativity and organizational learning mediate the relationship between KM practices and innovation performance.Design/methodology/approachThe study uses a quantitative method by surveying (n= 291) hotel employees from Malaysia using self-administered questionnaires. Data collected were analysed by using partial least squares structural equation modelling.FindingsFindings reveal that KM positively impacts innovation performance among Malaysian hospitality workers. This study further reveals that organisational learning and organisational creativity significantly mediate the relationship between KM and innovation performance.Originality/valueTheoretically, this study establishes how KM practices influence innovation performance. Organizations that practice organizational learning and creativity are more likely to benefit from increased innovation outcomes through KM practices.

Published
2022

16. Construct validation of leaders’ motivating language in the context of the hotel industries of Bangladesh and Malaysia

Author

Tan Fee Yean, Haim Hilman, Ataul Karim Patwary, Karim Rabiul, and Ahmad Edwin Mohamed

Subjects
business.industry, 05 social sciences, Nomological network, Construct validity, 050801 communication & media studies, Context (language use), Scale validation, language.human_language, 0508 media and communications, Bengali, Hospitality, Tourism, Leisure and Hospitality Management, Scale (social sciences), 0502 economics and business, language, Marketing, business, Psychology, 050203 business & management, Malay
Abstract

Purpose This study aims to validate the motivating language scale developed by Mayfield et al. (1995) in the context of the hotel industries of Bangladesh and Malaysia. Design/methodology/approach For Study 1, data were collected from employees (lower and mid-level) of three to five-star hotels in Bangladesh. Customer-contact employees working in four- and five-star hotels in Malaysia participated in Study 2. Both studies featured a cross-sectional survey design. Findings Factor analysis revealed that both samples provided three-factor solutions for the motivating language scale in both countries. Convergent, discriminant and nomological validity were assessed by testing with outcome variables of motivating language. Research limitations/implications Future studies may use all three versions of the scale (Bengali, Malay and English) to collect data, as all three have been validated. Originality/value By validating the Bengali and Malay versions of the motivating language scale, this study contributes to the leadership language literature, specifically that related to hotel industries in developing contexts.

Published
2021

17. Linking Leadership Styles and Two-way Communication to Engagement: A Study Among the Hospitality Employees in Bangladesh

Author

Karim Rabiul, Haim Hilman, Tan Fee Yean, and Ataul Karim Patwary

Subjects
Transformational leadership, Hospitality, business.industry, Tourism, Leisure and Hospitality Management, Work engagement, Mediation, Servant leadership, Leadership style, Servant, Two-way communication, business, Psychology, Social psychology
Abstract

This study seeks to understand the mediation effects of two-way communication between the relationship of leadership styles (servant and transformational) and subordinate-level work engagement. In ...

Published
2021

18. Leadership Styles, Psychological Factors, and Employee Commitment to Service Quality in the Hotel Industry

Author

Karim Rabiul, Ahmad Edwin Mohamed, Harun-or Rashid, and Ataul Karim Patwary

Subjects
Service quality, Transactional leadership, business.industry, Tourism, Leisure and Hospitality Management, Leadership style, Public relations, business, Psychology, Employee commitment, Hotel industry
Abstract

This study examines the mediating role of psychological meaningfulness and safety between leadership styles and employee commitment to service quality (ECSQ) drawing on self-concept theory. A total...

Published
2021

23. Gender and Awareness of Laws on Intimate Partner Violence: A Study Among Bengali, Garo, and Santal Ethnic Communities in Rural Bangladesh.

Author

Karim, Rabiul, Wahab, Nazia, Hossain, Delwar, and Swahnberg, Katarina

Subjects
*INTIMATE partner violence -- Law & legislation, *CLUSTER sampling, *MINORITIES, *CONFIDENCE intervals, *MULTIVARIATE analysis, *CROSS-sectional method, *RACE, *INTERVIEWING, *SEX distribution, *ETHNOLOGY research, *SOCIOECONOMIC factors, *INTELLECT, *CHI-squared test, *DESCRIPTIVE statistics, *RESEARCH funding, *STATISTICAL sampling, *RURAL population, *PUBLIC opinion, *BENGALI (South Asian people)
Abstract

Previous studies on intimate partner violence (IPV) against women in Bangladesh rarely focused on the effectiveness of primary prevention strategies like legal remedies. There is also a lack of studies on the issues among the ethnic minority communities in the country. This study examines the awareness of laws on IPV (such as recognizing the abusive acts and knowing the sanctions) among the ethnic Garo and Santal and mainstream Bengali communities in rural Bangladesh. The study randomly included 1929 married women and men from 24 villages. It appeared that the respondents were not adequately aware of the relevant legal provisions. There were also gender and ethnic differences in the issues. On average, the respondents maintained a low score on recognizing abusive acts. The awareness was further lower among the women compared to the men. In addition, multivariate analysis indicated that the Bengali women had relatively a better understanding of the issues than the Garo and Santal women. However, the Garo men showed poorer awareness of recognizing the abusive acts than the Bengali and Santal men. On the other hand, the respondents also maintained a very insufficient knowledge of the sanctions against such abusive acts, whereas women also showed a lower awareness compared to their male counterparts. Data further revealed that the Santal women had a more inadequate understanding of the issues than the Bengali and Garo women. However, the Garo men had more awareness of the sanctions than the Bengali and Santal men. The study reveals that people are unfamiliar with the laws governing IPV. It shows that understanding legal issues is another field of gender and ethnic inequality in the country. We suggest that there should be intervention to make aware the citizen, mainly women of all ethnicities, to ensure the efficacy of the laws. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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24. Socioeconomic development initiatives and women's experiences of marital violence in rural Bangladesh.

Author

Karim, Rabiul, Emmelin, Maria, Wamala Andersson, Sarah, and Lindberg, Lene

Subjects
*RESEARCH, *SAFETY, *RURAL conditions, *GROUNDED theory, *INTERVIEWING, *SOCIOECONOMIC factors, *INTIMATE partner violence, *EXPERIENCE, *SPOUSES, *QUALITATIVE research, *EMPLOYEES' workload, *WOMEN'S health
Abstract

Socioeconomic development initiatives (SDIs) have become a controversial issue. In giving skill trainings and credit supports, practitioners assume that SDI participation will enhance women's income/dignity. Some studies have indicated that SDIs reduce women's exposure to marital violence (MV), while others have shown that they increase spousal conflicts/MV. Our study explains how SDI participation may influence women's marital life. This explorative study adopted a grounded theory design. Data included 17 participating-women's interviews. It revealed that many women experienced further marital subordination, spousal conflicts, and MV. Yet women with strong motivation increased marital dignity/safety. Caring husbands facilitated this. If men can be involved in supporting women, impacts of SDIs will be substantial. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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33. Leadership styles, motivating language, and work engagement: An empirical investigation of the hotel industry

Author

Karim Rabiul and Tan Fee Yean

Subjects
business.industry, Strategy and Management, Work engagement, 05 social sciences, Servant leadership, Hospitality industry, Transformational leadership, Tourism, Leisure and Hospitality Management, Human resource management, 0502 economics and business, Servant, Leadership style, 050211 marketing, business, Psychology, Association (psychology), Social psychology, 050203 business & management
Abstract

This study examines the relationship between leadership style (servant and transformational leadership), motivating language and work engagement. A sample of 391 lower and mid-level Bangladeshi hotel employees, selected via simple random sampling, participated in a cross-sectional survey. The mediating effects of motivating language regarding the association between the two leadership styles and work engagement were examined using partial least square-structural equation modelling. Both leadership styles and three types of motivating language have positive relationships with work engagement. Even though all three types of motivating languages mediate the link between servant leadership and work engagement, the link between transformational leadership and work engagement is only mediated by direction-giving and empathetic language. This study is novel in its application of the speech act theory to the investigation of the mediating effects of motivating language on the relationship between the two leadership styles and work engagement. Practical and theoretical contributions are also discussed.

Published
2021

34. Does Female Authority Prevent Male Marital Violence? Evidence From Rural Bangladesh.

Author

Karim, Rabiul and Swahnberg, Katarina

Subjects
*ISLAM, *SAMPLE size (Statistics), *RURAL conditions, *CROSS-sectional method, *MATHEMATICAL models, *MULTIVARIATE analysis, *DOMESTIC violence, *FAMILIES, *WOMEN, *REGRESSION analysis, *INTERVIEWING, *SEX distribution, *FIELDWORK (Educational method), *MATHEMATICAL variables, *INCOME, *SOCIOECONOMIC factors, *THEORY, *QUESTIONNAIRES, *FACTOR analysis, *SCALE analysis (Psychology), *DESCRIPTIVE statistics, *STATISTICAL sampling, *SOCIAL skills, *JUDGMENT sampling, *DATA analysis software, *EDUCATIONAL attainment
Abstract

While relative resource status between husband and wife is widely discussed in the explanation of male marital violence (MMV) behaviors, the influence of relative family authority between husband and wife on the violence has been generally overlooked in previous studies. An examination can provide a better understanding of the issue. This study examined how various levels of female authority within the family are associated with MMV against women in rural Bangladesh. The study adopted a cross-sectional design and included 342 married men randomly selected from five northwest villages. Negative binomial regression was performed to predict the frequency of self-reported MMV behaviors in a 1-year recall period which estimated the ratios comparing absolute male authority to egalitarian authority within the family. Of the sample, 37.4% were the egalitarian/fair female authority, 41.2% were the higher male authority, and 21.4% were absolute male authority families; 71.1% of the men revealed that they had resorted to at least one incident of MMV (psychological or physical or sexual) against their wives in the year preceding the survey. The mean of yearly MMV occurrences was 6.29 (SD = 7.58), ranging from 0 to 42. The study revealed that the frequency of MMV against women was 1.96 times higher among absolute male authority families than in egalitarian families. It further revealed that the frequency of psychological abuse was 1.63 times, physical attack 2.89 times, and sexual coercion 1.88 times higher among absolute male authority families than among egalitarian/fair female authority families. Higher male authority did not appear to be different from egalitarian authority in MMV occurrences. The study suggests that increased female authority within the family unit may prevent women from being exposed to MMV in a patriarchal social order. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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35. Socioeconomic development initiatives and women’s welfare in rural Bangladesh

Author

Karim, Rabiul and Karim, Rabiul

Abstract

Background: Socioeconomic development initiatives (SDIs) are not only regarded as vehicles for poverty eradication but as promotion of women‟s welfare in terms of their economic independence, empowerment, and safety from domestic violence (DV), particularly in male-dominated low-income countries. It is often assumed that women‟s participation in SDIs will increase their income and independence. However, previous studies have provided inconsistent findings. A few studies have indicated that SDIs may enhance women‟s income, autonomy, health, and safety from DV, while other studies have revealed that women‟s participation in SDIs may increase their workloads, conflict with husbands, and risk of being exposed to DV. Aims: This thesis seeks to answer how SDIs may influence women‟s welfare in terms of their economic independence, workloads, and exposure to DV in rural Bangladesh. It focuses on how gender is reflected in the design and practice of SDIs; women‟s experiences with SDIs; and barriers to and possibilities for women‟s welfare regarding their partaking in SDIs. Data and methods: The thesis is based on four papers incorporating a gender analysis of the contents and practices of two SDIs – a Deep Tube Well (DTW)-based water project (I) and a female-focused project called Rural Mother Center (RMC) (II); women‟s experiences with economic independence, workload and exposure to DV with DTW (I) and RMC (IV); and the barriers to and possibilities for women‟s welfare through RMC (III-IV). Data included RMC documents and interviews with 12 social workers for their professional services (II); 5 key informant interviews, household surveys (n=196), and interviews with 16 married water-stressed women for their experiences with water crises (I); and FGDs and interviews with 48 men for their views on women in SDIs (III), as well as interviews with 17 married women partaking in RMC (IV). Data analysis incorporated descriptive statistics (I), qualitative content analysis (I-III)

Published
2018

36. Men's Perceptions of Women's Participation in Development Initiatives in Rural Bangladesh

Author

Karim, Rabiul, Lindberg, Lene, Wamala, Sarah, Emmelin, Maria, Karim, Rabiul, Lindberg, Lene, Wamala, Sarah, and Emmelin, Maria

Abstract

Without taking masculine issues into account, women's participation in development initiatives does not always guarantee their empowerment, health, and welfare in a male-dominated society. This study aimed to explore men's perceptions of women's participation in development (WPD) in rural Bangladesh. In adopting a qualitative approach, the study examined 48 purposively selected married and unmarried men aged 20-76 years in three northwest villages. Data collection was accomplished through four focus group discussions (FGDs) with 43 men clustered into four groups and through individual interviews with five other men. A qualitative content analysis of the data revealed an overall theme of feeling challenged by fears and hopes, indicating variations in men's views on women's participation in development initiatives as represented by three main categories: (a) fearing the loss of male authority, (b) recognizing women's roles in enhancing family welfare, and (c) valuing women's independence. In the context of dominant patriarchal traditions in Bangladesh, these findings provide new insight into dynamics and variations of men's views, suggesting a need to better engage men during different stages of women-focused development initiatives.

Published
2018
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40. Women's Social Mobility and Attitudinal Acceptance of Wife Abuse: A Cross-Sectional Study Among Bengali, Santal, and Garo Ethnic Communities in Rural Bangladesh.

Author

Rahman H, Karim R, Habib TZ, and Swahnberg K

Subjects
Humans, Male, Female, Cross-Sectional Studies, Bangladesh epidemiology, Social Mobility, Multivariate Analysis, Rural Population, Socioeconomic Factors, Spouse Abuse psychology
Abstract

Previous studies exploring the influential factors associated with attitudinal acceptance of wife abuse (AAWA) did not widely focus on the relation between women's social mobility (WSM) and different dimensions of AAWA in rural Bangladesh. This current study examined the association between WSM and different dimensions of AAWA in the context of socio-cultural differences among the Bengali, the Santal, and the Garo ethnic communities in rural Bangladesh. Adopting a cross-sectional design, 1,929 married men and women were randomly included in the study from 8 Bengali, 8 Santal, and 8 Garo villages where 50.2% were women and 49.8% were men. Of the sample, 33.2% Garo, 33.2% Santal, and 33.6% Bengali participants were included in this study. Data revealed that 45.5% of women had low social mobility and the prevalence of different dimensions of AAWA was high and varied among the study communities. We used descriptive statistics, chi-square, and binary logistic regression analysis to estimate the association. The multivariate binary logistic regression analysis results revealed that the likelihood of attitudinal acceptance of overall abuse, psychological abuse, physical abuse, abuse on disobeying family obligation, and abuse on challenging male authority were significantly lower for the respondents who belonged to families where women enjoyed high mobility compared to those who belonged to families where WSM was low. This study also showed that the Bengali and the Santal participants were more likely to accept different dimensions of AAWA compared to the Garos. This study suggests that WSM should be considered in policy-making and implementing interventions to reduce the different dimensions of AAWA in rural Bangladesh., Competing Interests: Declaration of Conflicting InterestsThe authors declared no potential conflicts of interests with respect to the authorship, funding, and/or publication of this article.

Published
2024
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41. Men's Perceptions of Women's Participation in Development Initiatives in Rural Bangladesh.

Author

Karim R, Lindberg L, Wamala S, and Emmelin M

Subjects
Adult, Aged, Bangladesh, Female, Focus Groups, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Humans, Interviews as Topic, Male, Middle Aged, Qualitative Research, Young Adult, Gender Identity, Role, Rural Population, Social Planning
Abstract

Without taking masculine issues into account, women's participation in development initiatives does not always guarantee their empowerment, health, and welfare in a male-dominated society. This study aimed to explore men's perceptions of women's participation in development (WPD) in rural Bangladesh. In adopting a qualitative approach, the study examined 48 purposively selected married and unmarried men aged 20-76 years in three northwest villages. Data collection was accomplished through four focus group discussions (FGDs) with 43 men clustered into four groups and through individual interviews with five other men. A qualitative content analysis of the data revealed an overall theme of "feeling challenged by fears and hopes," indicating variations in men's views on women's participation in development initiatives as represented by three main categories: (a) fearing the loss of male authority, (b) recognizing women's roles in enhancing family welfare, and (c) valuing women's independence. In the context of dominant patriarchal traditions in Bangladesh, these findings provide new insight into dynamics and variations of men's views, suggesting a need to better engage men during different stages of women-focused development initiatives.

Published
2018
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