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The relationship between state law and religion (Islamic law) is still problematic in its implementation. This problem occurs in practising divorce outside the court in Situbondo, Indonesia. Its case is interesting because it is still considered legal by the community and religious leaders according to religious law even though the divorce decision has not been received from the court. This legal phenomenon is contrary to positive law in Indonesia. This article aims to explain the practice of divorce outside the court in Situbondo and the authority problem between state law and Islamic law. After conducting intensive field research for three months with perpetrators of out-of-court divorce, religious leaders, and the Head of the Office of Religious Affairs, the authors found that the widespread practice of divorce outside the court was caused by the influence of religious leaders’ understanding and public understanding. This understanding becomes the doctrine that divorce in Islamic law is legal without having to await a divorce decision from the religious court. The authors stated that the dominance of the authority of Islamic law over state law in the practice of divorce in Muslim societies has negative implications for the rights of children and ex-wives.

Data on convalescent plasma (CP) treatment in COVID-19 outpatients are scarce. We aimed to assess whether CP administered during the first week of symptoms reduced the disease progression or risk of hospitalization of outpatients. Two multicenter, double-blind randomized trials (NCT04621123, NCT04589949) were merged with data pooling starting when Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov NCT04621123 and NCT04589949. Registration: NCT04621123 and NCT04589949 on https://www.clinicaltrials.gov

Dhuha time is a special time. Allah SWT swears in the name of Dhuha time and Dhuha time becomes one of the names of surah in Al-Qur'an. This privilege is also included by Allah SWT regarding the law of taklifi for the people of Prophet Muhammad SAW to perform prayers at dhuha time (Sunnah Dhuha Prayer). The scholars of madzhab differ in their opinion in determining the time and the law. Therefore, the writer will conduct a study (study) about the time of dhuha in two perspectives, namely the perspective of madzahib fiqh and hisab of Falak Science (astronomical). The formulations of the problems in this study are: first, how is the dhuha time in the perspective of madzahib fiqh? Second, how is the time of Duha in the perspective of falak? This research is a qualitative research (Library Research). The presentation of the data in this article uses the narrative method, which describes all the findings of the research data. As for the findings in the study of this paper, first there is a mistake of opinion in the initial determination of the time for Duha prayer. Second, According to astronomical hisab the time of Duha starts 18 minutes after the time of shuruq (sunrise). Keywords : Dhuha, Fiqh, Hisab.

One of the conflicts happened in our society is a decision on qiblah accuracy direction. As the writer mentioned, one of the conflicts happened at Nurul Iman Mosque located in Karanglo, Klaten, Central Java. The dispute was driven by a radical attitude towards implementing Fiqh which Alexander Nixitin mentions this motive perspective as a cultural-spiritual world. This study aims at examining how moderate values in Fiqh are used to find qiblah direction. Facing qiblah direction while praying is a must according to Imam Syafi’i. Thus, accuracy is an absolute truth in terms of Fiqh qiblah. However, the implementation should be based on the contextual situation within society. The researcher employs the qualitative approach using library research. The result of the study finds that dissimilar understanding and approach in fiqh qiblah exacerbated by radical attitude lead to a dispute in society. In light of it, a moderate value approach is needed in determining qiblah direction, which aims to reach an agreement on qiblah direction using hisab method, and expectedly these moderate (flexible) values can lessen friction in the society. Salah satu konflik di masyarakat ialah konflik tentang penentuan dan akurasi arah kiblat. Sebagaimana yang terjadi pada Masjid Nurul Iman Balang Karanglo Klaten Selatan Jawa Tengah. Konflik seperti ini dikarenakan sikap radikal dalam implementasi fiqih yang oleh Alexander Nixitin motif prespektif ini disebut dengan cultural-spiriual word. Dalam kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui nilai-nilai moderasi dalam fiqih Islam dan implementasi nilai-nilai moderasi dalam fiqih penentuan arah kiblat. Menghadap arah kiblat adalah suatu kewajiban dalam hal ibadah shalat, sebagaimana yang diutarakan oleh Imam Syafi’i. Akurasi adalah kebenaran mutlak dalam hal fiqh arah kiblat. Adapun implementasinya, maka disesuaikan dengan konteks sosial masyarakat. Pendekatan dalam tulisan ini adalah kualitatif dengan metode library research. Temuan penting dalam tulisan ini adanya sikap radikalis dalam pemahaman fiqih tentang penentuan arah kiblat yang disebabkan bedanya pemahaman dan pendekatan fiqh dalam implementasi arah kiblat sehingga menyebabkan perselisihan dalam penentuan arah kiblat. Berdasarkan hal itu maka diperlukan pendekatan nilai-nilai moderasi dalam implementasi fiqih arah kiblat, yang bertujuan fiqih penentuan arah kiblat dapat diterima berdasarkan hisab arah kiblat (akurat) dan implementasinya dengan menerapkan nilai-nilai moderasi tidak menyebabkan perpecahan (fleksibel).

Pada tanggal 29 November 2017 akta inbreng telah diteken oleh pemegang saham PT Timah (Persero) Tbk (TINS), PT Aneka Tambang (Persero) Tbk (ATNM) dan PT Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk (PTBA) dan menyetujui perpindahan saham pemerintah ke PT Indonesia Asahan Inalum (Persero) serta menjadi bukti bahwa Holding BUMN Tambang secara resmi terbentuk. Dalam RUPSLB yang dilakukan oleh ketiga BUMN tersebut telah disepakati juga perubahan anggaran dasar sehubungan dengan telah beralihnya kepemilikan mayoritas dari semula Negara RI menjadi kepemilikan PT Inalum (Persero) yang seluruh sahamnya dimiliki Negara. Dasar hukum yang dipakai oleh pemerintah dalam pembentukan holding BUMN tersebut tertuang dalam Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 72 Tahun 2016 tentang Perubahan Atas Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 44 Tahun 2005 tentang Tata Cara Penyertaan dan Penatausahaan Modal Negara pada Badan Usaha Milik Negara dan Perseroan Terbatas.

Immunoglobulin G4-related diseases (IgG4-RD) are a group of chronic relapsing–remitting inflammatory conditions, characterised by tissue infiltration with lymphocytes and IgG4-secreting plasma cells, fibrosis and a usually favourable response to steroids.In this narrative review, we summarise the results of a systematic literature research, which was performed as part of the European Reference Network ReCONNET, aimed at evaluating existing clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) and recommendations in IgG4-RD. From 167 publications initially obtained from a systematic literature search, only one was identified as a systematic multispecialist, evidence-based, consensus guidance statement on diagnosis and treatment of IgG4-RD, which may be recommended for use as CPG in IgG4-RD.With the recognition of a limited evidence based in this increasingly recognised disease, the group discussion has identified the following unmet needs: lack of shared classification criteria, absence of formal guidelines on diagnosis, no evidence-based therapeutic recommendations and lack of activity and damage indices. Areas of unmet needs include the difficulties in diagnosis, management and monitoring and the scarcity of expert centres.

Background: Immunoglobulin G4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a systemic fibro-inflammatory condition with involvement of different organs. The pathophysiological mechanism is unclear, but fibrosis is the hallmark of this disease. Early recognition is critical to avoid irreversible organ damage. Recently improved histological testing boosts the diagnostic yield. We present three cases of patients with IgG4-RD to emphasise the broad clinical presentation of this disease. Case descriptions: Patient A, a 63-year-old male with bilateral orbital swelling due to IgG4-RD, was shown to suffer from IgG4-RD in a multifocal pattern as demonstrated by PET scanning. Patient B, a 53-year-old male with a long-standing abdominal mass of unknown origin, eventually proved to have IgG4-RD. Patient C was a 32-year-old male admitted with pleural effusion and pericardial tamponade. Histological diagnosis after pericardiectomy confirmed IgG4-RD. Discussion: IgG4-RD has many faces and may mimic other conditions, such as malignancy and infectious diseases. Knowledge of this disease is needed to avoid unnecessary diagnostics and delay in treatment. IgG4-RD may be suspected based on specific clinical findings such as elevated serum IgG4 levels, but the diagnosis can only be established histologically. Although corticosteroids are an effective first choice of therapy, the relapse rate after this treatment remains high. The role of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs in the treatment of IgG4-RD has not been outlined yet, but there is increasing evidence that rituximab might be an effective second-line therapy. Conclusion: IgG4-RD is a disease with many faces requiring early recognition and therapy to avoid permanent damage of the organs.