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Background: Interest in and debates around meaningful movement and embodiment in physical education (EPE) have grown over the last ten years. The quality of these discussions centre on a degree of conceptual clarity for talking pedagogically about embodiment, and consideration of ways of applying it in practice in meaningful ways. The aim of this study is to systematically analyse the theoretical concept of embodiment presented within physical education (PE) literature, in order to support a conceptual clarity upon which to build well-grounded pedagogical insights and practices for school-teachers and their students, as well as physical education teacher educators.Method: A narrative literature review methodology was used to identify twenty-three (23) papers from peer-reviewed literature between 2010 and 2021 that had some focus on embodiment. These were analysed using Rodgers’ (2000) theoretical evolutionary concept analysis method to systematically identify characteristics associated with the concept in published literature. Evolutionary concept analysis typically involves a six-phase process of usage over time. Data analysis involved the systematic extraction and analysis of the literature for surrogate terms, related concepts, attributes, antecedents, consequences, and references to the concept. Exemplars of the concept are also provided.Results: Despite conceptual variances across the articles analysed, a set of common attributes that included intentionality, affect, meaning, sharing, and unity were identified. The review identified potential consequences of EPE as including deeply transformative and meaningful change in the learner, the context and the teacher. Events, situations or phenomena that precede EPE are broadly linked to the teacher, the learner, and the context.Conclusions: The concept of embodiment as it pertains to its theoretical/philosophical deployment in PE, is both complex and varied, limiting its potential to inform the pedagogical practices of teachers and therefore realise the consequences espoused. To temper this disconnect the paper provides accessible, yet provisional guidance for teachers via clusters of familiar characteristics with accompanying descriptions of what the literature suggests as important for embodied approaches. Together the tables and analysis encourage and enable educators and researchers to believe in, commit to, and operationalise embodiment as practice in their work.

Despite research demonstrating the poor mental health outcomes of transgender young people within the secondary school environment, little is known about the experiences of psychologists working in...

Purpose Quantifying changes in shoulder external rotation range of motion and strength after lower trapezius transfer in children with obstetric brachial plexus palsy (OBPP). Methods This prospective study included five children with sequelae of OBPP, with a mean age of 6.4 years (range: 4-12 years) who underwent lower trapezius tendon transfer to restore active external rotation (ER) of the shoulder. Pre-operatively and at a 12-month follow-up assessment, we analyzed the passive and active shoulder ER, the modified Mallet score, and the shoulder rotator muscles strength using an isokinetic device. Results Clinical parameters improved significantly after trapezius transfer pre-operative passive ER from -8° (range: -20-0°) to 37° (range: 15-50°) (p = 0.035), the modified Mallet score from 13 (range: 10-15) to 18 (range: 17-19) (p = 0.035). Strength testing revealed improved ER muscle strength in all five cases; the mean Peak Torque increased from 1.95 to 4.46 N·m, albeit non-significantly (p = 0.062). Two patients exhibited a winged scapula post-operatively. Conclusion Lower trapezius transfer seems encouraging to restore shoulder external rotation in OBPP children but with non-significant strength improvement. Trial registration 18/07/31/5783, December 22, 2018.

Effective interventions are needed to stop homophobic behaviours in sport settings as these behaviours are associated with negative health and social outcomes for individuals who identify as Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer or other diverse genders and sexualities. This paper reports the results of a quasi-experimental study commissioned by a public health agency to explore the benefits of a novel intervention that has been widely adopted by Australian community sport clubs. The 'Pride Cup' intervention includes education for club leaders, sport participants and the hosting of a rainbow-themed 'pride game'. Survey responses of male participants from six randomly selected sport clubs which had received the intervention (n = 148) were compared to responses (n = 137) from six randomly selected comparison clubs (Australian Football, cricket, field hockey, roller derby). Employing a post-test-only design, the study explored differences in homophobic attitudes, behaviours and individual efficacy to react negatively to homophobic behaviours. The study found significant differences (p0.001) in self-reported use of homophobic slurs (e.g. fag) in the last 2 weeks by participants in the treatment (11%) versus comparison (31.8%) clubs, and significant differences in the perceived use of these slurs by teammates (25.9% vs. 56.6%) or coaches (7.8% vs. 23.3%). There were also significant differences in efficacy scores, but no differences in homophobic attitudes. These results, combined with evidence of community-driven adoption, support the allocation of public health resources to conduct larger scale trials using pre/post designs to confirm these findings.Homophobic behaviours are harmful to Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer or other diverse genders and sexualities (LGBTQ+) people. United Nations agencies have called for research to identify ways to protect this population from discrimination in community settings. Little research has been conducted to understand how to address this problem in male sport. This study explored the value of an intervention developed by Pride Cup Australia, widely adopted by Australian community sport clubs. The charity provides education and helps clubs host a rainbow-themed ‘pride game’. The study compared the homophobic language used by male participants at six clubs that had implemented a Pride Cup, with participants at six clubs which had not. Homophobic attitudes and confidence to react negatively to homophobia were also compared. Participants at clubs that adopted the intervention used less homophobic language in the previous 2 weeks than at the comparison clubs (11% vs. 31.8%) and were half as likely to report their teammates had used this language (25.9% vs. 56.6%). It is unclear if differences were caused by the Pride Cup intervention or some other factor (i.e. teams that agreed to host Pride Cup were already more supportive of LGBTQ+). Given grassroots support for this potentially promising intervention, larger scale studies are needed to confirm these findings.

International audience; Today, inactivity and high-calorie diets contribute to the development of obesity and premature aging. In addition, the population of elderly people is growing due to improvements in healthcare management. Obesity and aging are together key risk factors for non-communicable diseases associated with several co-morbidities and increased mortality, with a major impact on skeletal muscle defect and/or poor muscle mass quality. Skeletal muscles contribute to multiple body functions and play a vital role throughout the day, in all our activities. In our society, limiting skeletal muscle deterioration, frailty and dependence is not only a major public health challenge but also a major socio-economic issue. Specific diet supplementation with natural chemical compounds such as grape polyphenols had shown to play a relevant and direct role in regulating metabolic and molecular pathways involved in the prevention and treatment of obesity and aging and their related muscle comorbidities in cell culture and animal studies. However, clinical studies aiming to restore skeletal muscle mass and function with nutritional grape polyphenols supplementation are still very scarce. There is an urgent need for clinical studies to validate the very encouraging results observed in animal models.

Introduction: Even though advocacy for poststructural feminist lenses to change/challenge physical education (PE) has grown over the years, there is an evident gap in qualitative research using poe...

International audience; The transient receptor potential Melastatin 4 (TRPM4) channel is a calcium-activated non-selective cation channel expressed widely. In the heart, using a knock-out mouse model, the TRPM4 channel has been shown to be involved in multiple processes, including β-adrenergic regulation, cardiac conduction, action potential duration and hypertrophic adaptations. This channel was recently shown to be involved in stress-induced cardiac arrhythmias in a mouse model overexpressing TRPM4 in ventricular cardiomyocytes. However, the link between TRPM4 channel expression in ventricular cardiomyocytes, the hypertrophic response to stress and/or cellular arrhythmias has yet to be elucidated. In this present study, we induced pathological hypertrophy in response to myocardial infarction using a mouse model of Trpm4 gene invalidation, and demonstrate that TRPM4 is essential for survival. We also demonstrate that the TRPM4 is required to activate both the Akt and Calcineurin pathways. Finally, using two hypertrophy models, either a physiological response to endurance training or a pathological response to myocardial infarction, we show that TRPM4 plays a role in regulating transient calcium amplitudes and leads to the development of cellular arrhythmias potentially in cooperation with the Sodium-calcium exchange (NCX). Here, we report two functions of the TRPM4 channel: first its role in adaptive hypertrophy, and second its association with NCX could mediate transient calcium amplitudes which trigger cellular arrhythmias.

Branched fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids are endogenous lipids reported to have antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory effects. Recently, we showed that 9-palmitic acid esters of hydroxypalmitic acid (9-PAHPA) and 9-oleic acid esters of hydroxypalmitic acid increased insulin sensitivity in mice when incorporated to a chow diet or to a high fat and high sucrose diet. However, preventive supplementation with 9-PAHPA and 9-oleic acid esters of hydroxypalmitic acid in high fat and high sucrose diet mice did not impair significant weight gain or the development of hyperglycemia. The aim of this work was therefore to study whether in two animal models of obesity, namely the classical diet-induced obesity (DIO) and the db/db mice, 9-PAHPA may have beneficial effects against obesity and liver and skeletal muscle metabolic dysfunction. In DIO mice, we observed that 9-PAHPA increased body weight and fat mass. In line with this observation, we found that 9-PAHPA supplementation decreased energy expenditure. In liver and in skeletal muscle, mitochondrial activities and oxidative stress parameters were not modified by 9-PAHPA supplementation. In db/db mice, 9-PAHPA had no effect on the dramatic weight gain and hyperglycemia. In addition, 9-PAHPA supplementation did not correct either the hepatomegaly and hepatic steatosis or the severe muscle atrophy recorded compared with db/+ animals. Likewise, supplementation with 9-PAHPA did not impact the different metabolic parameters analyzed, either in the liver or in the skeletal muscles. However, it decreased insulin resistance in DIO and db/db mice. In conclusion, our study indicated that a long-term intake of 9-PAHPA in DIO and db/db mice improved insulin sensitivity but had only few effects on obesity and associated metabolic disorders.

The screening of skeletal muscle diseases constitutes an unresolved challenge. Currently, exercise tests or plasmatic tests alone have shown limited performance in the screening of subjects with an increased risk of muscle oxidative metabolism impairment. Intensity-adjusted energy substrate levels of lactate (La), pyruvate (Pyr), β-hydroxybutyrate (BOH) and acetoacetate (AA) during a cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) could constitute alternative valid biomarkers to select “at-risk” patients, requiring the gold-standard diagnosis procedure through muscle biopsy. Thus, we aimed to test: (1) the validity of the V’O2-adjusted La, Pyr, BOH and AA during a CPET for the assessment of the muscle oxidative metabolism (exercise and mitochondrial respiration parameters); and (2) the discriminative value of the V’O2-adjusted energy and redox markers, as well as five other V’O2-adjusted TCA cycle-related metabolites, between healthy subjects, subjects with muscle complaints and muscle disease patients. Two hundred and thirty subjects with muscle complaints without diagnosis, nine patients with a diagnosed muscle disease and ten healthy subjects performed a CPET with blood assessments at rest, at the estimated 1st ventilatory threshold and at the maximal intensity. Twelve subjects with muscle complaints presenting a severe alteration of their profile underwent a muscle biopsy. The V’O2-adjusted plasma levels of La, Pyr, BOH and AA, and their respective ratios showed significant correlations with functional and muscle fiber mitochondrial respiration parameters. Differences in exercise V’O2-adjusted La/Pyr, BOH, AA and BOH/AA were observed between healthy subjects, subjects with muscle complaints without diagnosis and muscle disease patients. The energy substrate and redox blood profile of complaining subjects with severe exercise intolerance matched the blood profile of muscle disease patients. Adding five tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates did not improve the discriminative value of the intensity-adjusted energy and redox markers. The V’O2-adjusted La, Pyr, BOH, AA and their respective ratios constitute valid muscle biomarkers that reveal similar blunted adaptations in muscle disease patients and in subjects with muscle complaints and severe exercise intolerance. A targeted metabolomic approach to improve the screening of “at-risk” patients is discussed.

Artefacts are an important part of policy work, and a means of representation, translation, re-negotiation, and resistance of policy. While research has established their integral role in policy enactment, little research has examined the production and/or dissemination of artefacts by teacher educators. This paper reports and analyses the production and re-production of a specific set of artefacts, arising from the policy work of four teacher educators seeking to influence the interpretation and enactment of the Australian Curriculum in Health and Physical Education (AC HPE). Analysis and discussion pursue: the rationale for producing a set of artefacts focusing on a particular feature of the AC HPE; the processes of artefact production; actions designed to activate and re-present the artefacts; and emerging evidence of uptake and impact. The relationship of artefacts to policy work is shown to be strategically significant for teacher educators, teachers and others invested in new curriculum developments, and is characterised as both fluid and generative. We argue that artefacts have important performative policy potential and play a key role in supporting and shaping curriculum policy enactment.

Background: Recent critiques of twenty-first century physical education (PE), and by association physical education teacher education (PETE), position the discipline as largely uncontested, unprobl...

Palm olein (PO) and olive oil (OO) are widely consumed in the world. PO is considered harmful to health, whereas OO is considered healthy. The aim of the study was to compare the effects of consumption of these oils on antioxidant status and inflammation in rats. This was an experimental study in male wistar rats fed a diet containing 30% of each oil. Rats had free access to food and water. After being fed for 12 weeks, animals were sacrificed and liver and aortic blood were collected. Plasma was used for the determination of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and oxidative stress parameters (Superoxide dismutase -SOD; Gluthation peroxidase - GPx; Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances - TBARS; Thiol groups and isoprostane). The inflammation and oxidative stress status as well as the expression of several genes/proteins were also analyzed in liver homogenate. No significant differences were observed between PO and OO in plasma and liver levels of the studied inflammation and oxidative stress parameters. This study showed that the consumption of PO induces an antioxidant status superimposable to that of OO. Key words : Palm olein - Olive oil - Oxidative stress - Inflammation - High fat diet

Opportunities exist for Australian schools to benefit from the inclusion of martial arts in the Australian Curriculum Health and Physical Education and the pending inclusion of Taekwondo in the nat...

Past research in Health and Physical Education has repeatedly highlighted that curriculum development is an ongoing, complex and contested process, and that the realisation of progressive intention...

International audience; No abstract available

Obesity and exercise lead to structural changes in heart such as cardiac hypertrophy. The underlying signaling pathways vary according to the source of the overload, be it physiological (exercise) or pathologic (obesity). The physiological pathway relies more on PI3K-Akt signaling while the pathologic pathway involves calcineurin-Nuclear factor of activated T-cells activation and fibrosis accumulation. Independently, exercise and polyphenols have demonstrated to prevent pathologic cardiac hypertrophy. Therefore, we investigated the molecular adaptations of the combination of exercise training and grape polyphenols supplementation (EXOPP) in obese high-fat fed rats on heart adaptation in comparison to exercise (EXO), polyphenols supplementation (PP) and high-fat fed rats (HF), alone. Exercised and PP rats presented a higher heart weight/body weight ratio compared to HF rats. EXO and EXOPP depicted an increase in cell-surface area, P-Akt/Akt, P-AMPK/AMPK ratios with a decreased fibrosis and calcineurin expression, illustrating an activation of the physiological pathway, but no additional benefit of the combination. In contrast, neither cell-surface area nor Akt signaling increased in PP rats; but markedly decreased fibrosis, calcineurin expression, systolic blood pressure, higher SERCA and P-Phospholamdan/Phospholamdan levels were observed. These data suggest that PP rats have a shift from pathologic toward physiological hypertrophy. Our study demonstrates that polyphenols supplementation has physical-activity-status-specific effects; it appears to be more protective in sedentary obese insulin-resistant rats than in the exercised ones. Exercise training improved metabolic and cardiac alterations without a synergistic effect of polyphenols supplementation. These data highlight a greater effect of exercise than polyphenols supplementation for the treatment of cardiac alterations in obese insulin-resistant rats.

International audience; The prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS), elevating cardiovascular risks, is increasing worldwide, with no available global therapeutic options. The intake of plain, mineral or biocompatible modified waters was shown to prevent some MetS features. This study was designed to analyze, in mice fed a high fat and sucrose diet (HFSD), the effects on MetS features of the daily intake of a reverse osmosed, weakly remineralized, water (OW) and of an OW dynamized by a physical processing (ODW), compared to tap water (TW). The HFSD was effective at inducing major features of MetS such as obesity, hepatic steatosis and inflammation, blood dyslipidemia, systemic glucose intolerance and muscle insulin resistance. Compared to TW, OW intake decreased hepatic fibrosis and inflammation, and mitigated hepatic steatosis and dyslipidemia. ODW intake further improved skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity and systemic glucose tolerance. This study highlights the deleterious metabolic impacts of the daily intake of TW, in combination with a high energy diet, and its possible involvement in MetS prevalence increase. In addition, it demonstrates that biocompatible modified water may be promising non-pharmaceutical, cost-effective tools for nutritional approaches in the treatment of MetS.

For a long time the role and lived experiences of the body in cognition and everyday life, let alone learning, has been problematised making the moving body a site of contestation. When tethered to...

Context Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) activation contributes to obesity-associated insulin resistance in skeletal muscles (SM). TLR4 signaling involves two pathways: the myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88) leading to inflammatory cytokines production and the toll/interleukin-1 receptor domain-containing adapter-inducing interferon (IFN) I (TRIF)-dependent pathways leading to type 1 interferon (IFNI) and interferon stimulated genes (ISG) expression. The E3 ubiquitin ligase RNF41 allows the preferential activation of the TRIF-IFNI pathway; however, its role in insulin response has not been reported. Methods We measured RNF41 level and IFNI pathway activation (ISG expression) in SM biopsies of obese insulin sensitive (OIS) and obese insulin resistant (OIR) women. Then we isolated and differentiated in myotubes, primary human SM cell progenitors from OIS and OIR SM biopsies. We modulated RNF41 and ISG expression in these myotubes and investigated their effects on insulin response. Results RNF41 expression is down-regulated in vivo in OIR SM and myotubes compared to OIS SM and myotubes. TLR4 activation with palmitate induces TRIF-IFNI pathway and ISG in OIS myotubes but not in OIR myotubes. Inhibition of RNF41 expression with siRNF41 in OIS myotubes treated with palmitate attenuates insulin response, IFNI pathway activation and ISG induction, mimicking OIR phenotype. Further, overexpression of RNF41 in OIR myotubes increases insulin response and ISG expression. Exposure to IFNI or to its inducer polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid, restores ISG expression and insulin sensitivity in OIR myotubes and OIS myotubes transfected with siRNF41. Conclusion Our results identify RNF41 as essential to IFNI pathway activation in order to maintain muscle insulin sensitivity during human obesity.

Introduction et but de l’etude Individuellement, la supplementation en polyphenols de raisin et l’exercice ont demontre des effets benefiques sur la prise en charge de l’obesite et les atteintes du metabolisme cardiaque. Le but de cette etude etait d’evaluer l’impact de l’association de l’exercice et d’une supplementation en polyphenols de raisin a dose nutritionnelle (EXOPP) sur l’adaptation cardiaque au niveau moleculaire et au niveau de la reactivite vasculaire. Materiel et methodes Quarante rats Sprague-Dawley ont recu pendant 12 semaines un regime riche en lipide (HF). A l’issu du premier mois, ou nous avons demontre une obesite et une insulinoresistance, les rats ont ete randomises en 4 groupes pour 8 semaines tout en continuant le regime HF. Dix animaux ont continue le regime HF, 10 rats ont recu une supplementation en polyphenols de raisin (50 mg/kg/jour) dans de l’eau de boisson associee a un entrainement quotidien sur tapis roulant pendant une heure a une pente de 32 m/min–10 % de pente, 5 jours/semaine (EXOPP). Enfin 10 rats ont fait uniquement l’entrainement (EXO) et 10 rats ont recu la supplementation (PP). La pression arterielle aortique a ete mesuree chez les rats anesthesies. Au moment du sacrifice, le cœur a ete retire et congele pour des analyses biochimiques et histologiques. La reactivite vasculaire a ete realisee sur des anneaux d’aorte. Resultats et analyse statistique Grâce a une ANOVA a deux voies (entrainement et supplementation), nous avons pu mettre en evidence que la supplementation en polyphenols (PP et EXOPP) induit une diminution de la pression arterielle systolique (p = 0,015) par rapport aux rats non supplementes (HF et EXO). Individuellement, l’entrainement et la supplementation en polyphenols induisent une hypertrophie cardiomyocytaire, avec une augmentation de la surface des cardiomyocytes (p Conclusion L’entrainement en endurance et la supplementation en polyphenols induisent des adaptations cardiaques benefiques chez les rats obeses via des voies de signalisation differentes. L’association des deux interventions n’apporte aucune amelioration supplementaire sur les parametres testes.

In this paper, I highlight the ways that poetic inquiry can provide a space for marginalized voices and make movements in social change. By deploying Judith Butler’s theory of passionate attachments to analyse a poem crafted from interview text, I suggest that poetic inquiry can open up a space in which to challenge oppressive discourses and present different angles and new types of knowledge regarding what it is like to ‘be’ different (lesbian). In offering this alternative methodology for researching and representing ‘queer’ stories, I illuminate how important it is to provide a space for marginalized voices to be heard, documented and shared whilst simultaneously suggesting that such voices have the potential to resonate with the embodied experiences of all, thus generating a space for collective social change.

International audience; Purpose Palm (PO) and olive oils (OO) are the two most consumed and/or used oils in the world for food elaboration. These oils should not be confused with the solid palm stearin which is widely used in pastry making. Large number of studies was reported dealing with adverse/beneficial cardiovascular effects of PO and OO, whereas few studies were conducted to compare their potential effects on hepatic steatosis and liver lipid metabolism. The aim of this study was to compare the metabolic effects of high intake of POs (both crude and refined) and virgin OO on surrogate parameters of glucose tolerance, hepatic lipid metabolism and liver integrity. Methods Thirty-two young male Wistar rats were divided into four equal groups and fed either control diet (11% energy from fat) or three high-fat diets rich in crude or refined POs or in OO (56% energy from fat), during 12 weeks. Systemic blood and liver biochemical parameters linked to glucose and lipid metabolism as well as hepatic steatosis and liver fatty acid composition were explored. The inflammation and oxidative stress status as well as the expression of several genes/proteins were also analyzed. ResultsThe major effects of POs intake concerned glucose metabolism and liver fatty acid composition, whereas the major effects of OO intake concerned hepatic TG accumulation, inflammation, and cytolysis. Conclusions In conclusion, high dietary intake of PO compromises glucose tolerance whereas high dietary intake of OO compromises hepatic lipid composition and liver integrity. However, adverse hepatic effects of OO observed in this study may not be transposed to human since, (a) the rodent model could lead to different effects than those observed in humans and (b) the average normal OO amounts ingested in the population are lower than those corresponding to a high-fat diet. So, further studies are needed to determine a maximum non-invasive dietary intake of OO.

International audience; One of the major insulin resistance instigators is excessive adiposity and visceral fat depots. Individually, exercise training and polyphenol intake are known to exert health benefits as improving insulin sensitivity. However, their combined curative effects on established obesity and insulin resistance need further investigation particularly on white adipose tissue alterations. Therefore, we compared the effects on different white adipose tissue depot alterations of a combination of exercise and grape polyphenol supplementation in obese insulin-resistant rats fed a high-fat diet to the effects of a high-fat diet alone or a nutritional supplementation of grape polyphenols (50 mg/kg/day) or exercise training (1 hr/day to 5 days/wk consisting of treadmill running at 32 m/min for a 10% slope), for a total duration of 8 weeks. Separately, polyphenol supplementation and exercise decreased the quantity of all adipose tissue depots and mesenteric inflammation. Exercise reduced adipocytes' size in all fat stores. Interestingly, combining exercise to polyphenol intake presents no more cumulative benefit on adipose tissue alterations than exercise alone. Insulin sensitivity was improved at systemic, epididymal, and inguinal adipose tissues levels in trained rats thus indicating that despite their effects on adipocyte morphological/metabolic changes, polyphenols at nutritional doses remain less effective than exercise in fighting insulin resistance.

International audience; Defects in insulin sensitivity are associated with metabolic inflexibility and obesity albeit some obese subjects have preserved insulin sensitivity. A decrease in lipid oxidation during exercise can be found in obesity and type 2 diabetes. This lipid oxidation capacity has been found to be associated in healthy or overweight subjects with insulin sensitivity and mitochondrial function. Thus, we aimed at delineate the interrelationships among the maximal ability to oxidize lipids at exercise (LIPOXmax) insulin sensitivity and mitochondrial function in middle-aged obese men with different levels of insulin sensitivity.After an overnight fast, twenty middle-aged male obese subjects performed: a maximal incremental exercise test allowing the determination of LIPOXmax, two days after a measurement of insulin sensitivity and two days after a muscle biopsy for mitochondrial respiration.According to the minimal model, we found 9 insulin-resistant and 11 insulin-sensitive middle-aged obese men. LIPOXmax (expressed as power intensity) and whole-body insulin sensitivity are significantly correlated in obese insulin-sensitive but not in insulin-resistant obese men. LIPOXmax and insulin sensitivity are correlated to mitochondrial pyruvate oxidation and mitochondrial density. Multivariate analysis indicates that insulin sensitivity is statistically better explained by the LIPOXmax which is in turn better explained by the mitochondrial function parameter Vmax/V0 pyruvate.Thus, insulin sensitivity, mitochondrial function and the ability of muscle to oxidize lipids during exercise are three closely correlated parameters in middle-aged male obese insulin-sensitive patients.

Cardiac hypertrophy (CH) is an adaptive process that exists in two distinct forms and allows the heart to adequately respond to an organism's needs. The first form of CH is physiological, adaptive and reversible. The second is pathological, irreversible and associated with fibrosis and cardiomyocyte death. CH involves multiple molecular mechanisms that are still not completely defined but it is now accepted that physiological CH is associated more with the PI3-K/Akt pathway while the main signaling cascade activated in pathological CH involves the Calcineurin-NFAT pathway. It was recently demonstrated that the TRPM4 channel may act as a negative regulator of pathological CH by regulating calcium entry and thus the Cn-NFAT pathway. In this study, we examined if the TRPM4 channel is involved in the physiological CH process. We evaluated the effects of 4 weeks endurance training on the hearts of Trpm4 +/+ and Trpm4 -/- mice. We identified an elevated functional expression of the TRPM4 channel in cardiomyocytes after endurance training suggesting a potential role for the channel in physiological CH. We then observed that Trpm4 +/+ mice displayed left ventricular hypertrophy after endurance training associated with enhanced cardiac function. By contrast, Trpm4 -/- mice did not develop these adaptions. While Trpm4 -/- mice did not develop gross cardiac hypertrophy, the cardiomyocyte surface area was larger and associated with an increase of Tunel positive cells. Endurance training in Trpm4 +/+ mice did not increase DNA fragmentation in the heart. Endurance training in Trpm4 +/+ mice was associated with activation of the classical physiological CH Akt pathway while Trpm4 -/- favored the Calcineurin pathway. Calcium studies demonstrated that TRPM4 channel negatively regulates calcium entry providing support for activation of the Cn-NFAT pathway in Trpm4 -/- mice. In conclusion, we provide evidence for the functional expression of TRPM4 channel in response to endurance training. This expression may help to maintain the balance between physiological and pathological hypertrophy.

International audience; The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of subacute exposure to static magnetic fields (SMF) on hematological and muscle biochemical parameters in rats. Male Wistar rats, daily exposed to SMF, were exposed to SMF (128 mT, 1 h/day) during 15 consecutive days. SMF-exposed rats showed a significant decrease in red blood cell (RBC) count, hemoglobin (Hb), and hematocrit (Ht) values compared to sham-exposed rats (p

The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome components including abdominal obesity, dyslipidaemia and insulin resistance is increasing in both developed and developing countries. It is generally accepted that the development of these features is preceded by, or accompanied with, impaired mitochondrial function. The present study was designed to analyse the effects of a mitochondrial-targeted lipophilic ubiquinone (MitoQ) on muscle lipid profile modulation and mitochondrial function in obesogenic diet-fed rats. For this purpose, twenty-four young male Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into three groups and fed one of the following diets: (1) control, (2) high fat (HF) and (3) HF+MitoQ. After 8 weeks, mitochondrial function markers and lipid metabolism/profile modifications in skeletal muscle were measured. The HF diet was effective at inducing the major features of the metabolic syndrome – namely, obesity, hepatic enlargement and glucose intolerance. MitoQ intake prevented the increase in rat body weight, attenuated the increase in adipose tissue and liver weights and partially reversed glucose intolerance. At the muscle level, the HF diet induced moderate TAG accumulation associated with important modifications in the muscle phospholipid classes and in the fatty acid composition of total muscle lipid. These lipid modifications were accompanied with decrease in mitochondrial respiration. MitoQ intake corrected the lipid alterations and restored mitochondrial respiration. These results indicate that MitoQ protected obesogenic diet-fed rats from some features of the metabolic syndrome through its effects on muscle lipid metabolism and mitochondrial activity. These findings suggest that MitoQ is a promising candidate for future human trials in the metabolic syndrome prevention.

Resume L’Organisation mondiale de la sante (OMS) rapporte un doublement des cas d’obesite a l’echelle planetaire entre 1980 et 2011. Les causes de cette evolution sont multiples et restent incompletement comprises. L’evolution de nos modes de vie, et plus particulierement de nos habitudes alimentaires, avec la surconsommation d’aliments gras et sucres, couplee a une diminution drastique de la depense energetique joue indeniablement un role majeur. Les nutriments apportes en exces par l’alimentation « occidentale » sont, soit stockes sous forme de graisse dans le tissu adipeux, soit oxydes par les mitochondries, essentiellement dans le muscle. Cette augmentation de l’oxydation mitochondriale conduit a une production excessive de radicaux libres qui, face a des defenses antioxydantes le plus souvent deficientes, vont generer un stress oxydant. Ce dernier pourrait constituer le trait d’union entre exces alimentaires d’une part, et insulinoresistance, syndrome metabolique et diabete de type 2 d’autre part. Si tel est le cas, les antioxydants pourraient, quant a eux, jouer un role protecteur vis-a-vis des dommages oxydatifs et de l’insulinoresistance induits par le regime occidental. Cependant, si de nombreuses etudes in vitro ou chez l’animal sont bien en faveur du role benefique des antioxydants sur le metabolisme glucidique, les etudes cliniques chez l’homme donnent des resultats beaucoup plus contrastes. Dans cette revue, apres avoir fait le point sur les relations entre alimentation, stress oxydant et insulinoresistance, nous apporterons un eclairage sur les benefices qui peuvent etre attendus d’une supplementation en antioxydants dans le cadre de la prevention des alterations du metabolisme glucidique.

The following two poems were formed from transcribed interview text from an unpublished doctoral thesis (Lambert, 2006) which explores some of the ways in which identities and places could be considered mutually constitutive. Specifically, it examines the ways in which five “lesbian” identified women talk about their experiences and identities with, in and through “queer” places and events. The original words were spoken by two participants as part of their own narratives of self when asked to share critical moments in their lives when they noticed or felt themselves to be in some way “different” to and/or differentiated from “others.” There words are presented here as two thematically similar stand alone “found poems,” (see for example, Butler-Kisber, 2002; Glesne, 1997; Lahman et al., 2009) without theoretical analysis. This is done in order to both draw in and implicate the reader in the everyday social readings of nonnormatively gendered bodies. The poems thus raise critical questions about re-presentational issues in research as well as highlighting the imperative to do justice to the speakers of such words, and the complexities associated with such a task.