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1. On-Sky Performance of the SPT-3G Frequency-Domain Multiplexed Readout

Author: J. A. Sobrin, Thomas Cecil, E. V. Denison, S. S. Meyer, Kent D. Irwin, Peter A. R. Ade, W. L. Holzapfel, K. T. Story, K. Vanderlinde, A. E. Lowitz, V. Novosad, Donna Kubik, Aled Jones, John E. Carlstrom, G. I. Noble, Lincoln Bryant, Jason W. Henning, T. de Haan, Ki Won Yoon, Volodymyr Yefremenko, Nathan Whitehorn, Zeeshan Ahmed, T. Natoli, N. L. Harrington, Gene C. Hilton, Robert Gardner, Amy N. Bender, Carole Tucker, Jason Gallicchio, E. M. Leitch, C. L. Chang, A. E. Gambrel, W. B. Everett, A. Foster, Adrian T. Lee, D. Howe, D. Dutcher, Antony A. Stark, M. Jonas, Aritoki Suzuki, J. E. Ruhl, J. Stephen, Trupti Khaire, D. Riebel, Bradford Benson, J. F. Cliche, Joshua Montgomery, H. M. Cho, Ari Cukierman, Graeme Smecher, Z. Pan, Alexandra S. Rahlin, R. Basu Thakur, Matt Dobbs, K. R. Ferguson, Faustin Carter, Andrew Nadolski, Junjia Ding, Adam Anderson, M. R. Young, N. W. Halverson, Leila R. Vale, Oliver Jeong, Chao-Lin Kuo, Keith L. Thompson, John Groh, Karen Byrum, John E. Pearson, P. Paschos, N. Huang, A. Gilbert, J. Fu, A. M. Kofman, Jessica Avva, R. Guyser, Stephen Padin, C. M. Posada, Steve Kuhlmann, Joaquin Vieira, S. Guns, Daniel Michalik, Gensheng Wang, W. Quan, Erik Shirokoff, Peter S. Barry, A. H. Harke-Hosemann, H. T. Nguyen, M. Korman, and J. T. Sayre
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Multiplexing, Noise (electronics), 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, Optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, General Materials Science, 010306 general physics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Physics, business.industry, Bolometer, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), White noise, Condensed Matter Physics, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, South Pole Telescope, Frequency domain, Transition edge sensor, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, business, Voltage
Abstract: Frequency-domain multiplexing (fMux) is an established technique for the readout of large arrays of transition edge sensor (TES) bolometers. Each TES in a multiplexing module has a unique AC voltage bias that is selected by a resonant filter. This scheme enables the operation and readout of multiple bolometers on a single pair of wires, reducing thermal loading onto sub-Kelvin stages. The current receiver on the South Pole Telescope, SPT-3G, uses a 68x fMux system to operate its large-format camera of $\sim$16,000 TES bolometers. We present here the successful implementation and performance of the SPT-3G readout as measured on-sky. Characterization of the noise reveals a median pair-differenced 1/f knee frequency of 33 mHz, indicating that low-frequency noise in the readout will not limit SPT-3G's measurements of sky power on large angular scales. Measurements also show that the median readout white noise level in each of the SPT-3G observing bands is below the expectation for photon noise, demonstrating that SPT-3G is operating in the photon-noise-dominated regime., Comment: 9 pages, 5 figures submitted to the Journal of Low Temperature Physics: LTD18 Special Edition
Published: 2019

2. Performance of Al–Mn Transition-Edge Sensor Bolometers in SPT-3G

Author: M. Korman, Kent D. Irwin, W. L. Holzapfel, J. E. Ruhl, H. M. Cho, Ari Cukierman, V. Novosad, Donna Kubik, C. L. Chang, A. E. Gambrel, Alexandra S. Rahlin, Matt Dobbs, K. Vanderlinde, Keith L. Thompson, D. Howe, M. R. Young, Karen Byrum, Thomas Cecil, R. Basu Thakur, Erik Shirokoff, P. Paschos, Aled Jones, Peter A. R. Ade, Zeeshan Ahmed, Amy N. Bender, Ki Won Yoon, A. H. Harke-Hosemann, K. T. Story, A. E. Lowitz, H. T. Nguyen, D. Dutcher, Antony A. Stark, J. A. Sobrin, J. Stephen, Jason Gallicchio, Lincoln Bryant, Jason W. Henning, J. T. Sayre, S. S. Meyer, Volodymyr Yefremenko, Nathan Whitehorn, John E. Pearson, Peter S. Barry, N. L. Harrington, T. Natoli, Andrew Nadolski, Jessica Avva, G. I. Noble, Carole Tucker, R. Guyser, Stephen Padin, Trupti Khaire, N. Huang, A. Foster, Joshua Montgomery, A. Gilbert, C. M. Posada, Bradford Benson, Robert Gardner, J. F. Cliche, Steve Kuhlmann, Gene C. Hilton, Joaquin Vieira, Chao-Lin Kuo, S. Guns, Graeme Smecher, W. B. Everett, N. W. Halverson, Daniel Michalik, Gensheng Wang, John Groh, J. Fu, E. V. Denison, W. Quan, A. M. Kofman, M. Jonas, Leila R. Vale, Adrian T. Lee, Aritoki Suzuki, Faustin Carter, Junjia Ding, John E. Carlstrom, T. de Haan, E. M. Leitch, D. Riebel, Oliver Jeong, Z. Pan, K. R. Ferguson, and Adam Anderson
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Materials science, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Cosmic microwave background, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Multiplexing, 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, Optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, General Materials Science, Wafer, 010306 general physics, Anisotropy, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), business.industry, Detector, Bolometer, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Condensed Matter Physics, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, South Pole Telescope, Transition edge sensor, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, business
Abstract: SPT-3G is a polarization-sensitive receiver, installed on the South Pole Telescope, that measures the anisotropy of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) from degree to arcminute scales. The receiver consists of ten 150~mm-diameter detector wafers, containing a total of 16,000 transition-edge sensor (TES) bolometers observing at 95, 150, and 220 GHz. During the 2018-2019 austral summer, one of these detector wafers was replaced by a new wafer fabricated with Al-Mn TESs instead of the Ti/Au design originally deployed for SPT-3G. We present the results of in-lab characterization and on-sky performance of this Al-Mn wafer, including electrical and thermal properties, optical efficiency measurements, and noise-equivalent temperature. In addition, we discuss and account for several calibration-related systematic errors that affect measurements made using frequency-domain multiplexing readout electronics., Comment: 9 pages, 5 figures, submitted to the Journal of Low Temperature Physics: LTD18 Special Edition
Published: 2019

3. Measurements of the E -mode polarization and temperature- E -mode correlation of the CMB from SPT-3G 2018 data

Author: Faustin Carter, S. E. Kuhlmann, Junjia Ding, Gene C. Hilton, J. C. Hood, A. T. Lee, M. Millea, Erik Shirokoff, Oliver Jeong, N. W. Halverson, Thomas Cecil, John E. Pearson, G. I. Noble, John E. Carlstrom, E. V. Denison, B. Thorne, K. Prabhu, C. L. Kuo, François R. Bouchet, M. Korman, Federico Bianchini, K. Dibert, S. Padin, Ethan Anderes, Neil Goeckner-Wald, D. Riebel, J. E. Ruhl, Jason W. Henning, Nikhel Gupta, N. Huang, M. Rouble, M. Jonas, RB Thakur, K. L. Thompson, J. T. Sayre, C. Tucker, A. A. Stark, A. Lowitz, M. A. Dobbs, N. L. Harrington, Z. Pan, Karen Byrum, A. H. Harke-Hosemann, C. Lu, Srinivasan Raghunathan, B. Riedel, C. L. Chang, A. Cukierman, Andreas Bender, Z. Ahmed, K. Aylor, E. M. Leitch, Alexandra S. Rahlin, S. Guns, J. A. Sobrin, K. W. Yoon, D. Howe, P. Chaubal, Young, Graeme Smecher, C. Umilta, J. F. Cliche, T. de Haan, Silvia Galli, H. Nguyen, Lloyd Knox, T. Natoli, K. Vanderlinde, T. M. Crawford, J. Fu, P. Paschos, S. S. Meyer, Christian L. Reichardt, H-M. Cho, L. R. Vale, A. Foster, K. T. Story, Karim Benabed, E. Hivon, E. Schiappucci, Anthony P. Jones, Andrew Nadolski, Lindsey Bleem, Jessica Avva, Peter S. Barry, L. Balkenhol, Bradford Benson, Yefremenko, R. Guyser, R. Gualtieri, C. M. Posada, Chang Feng, G. P. Holder, A. M. Kofman, Daniel Michalik, Novosad, J. D. Vieira, C. Daley, Gensheng Wang, W. L. Holzapfel, W. Quan, K. R. Ferguson, Adam Anderson, Gang Chen, Nathan Whitehorn, Robert Gardner, M. Archipley, Y. Omori, A. Suzuki, Lincoln Bryant, D. Dutcher, T.-L. Chou, Trupti Khaire, Joshua Montgomery, J. Stephen, A. E. Gambrel, Kent D. Irwin, W. L. K. Wu, Donna Kubik, P. A. R. Ade, and W. B. Everett
Subjects: Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Cosmic microwave background, Spectral density, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Parameter space, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, symbols.namesake, Amplitude, Gravitational lens, South Pole Telescope, 0103 physical sciences, symbols, Planck, Multipole expansion, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics
Abstract: We present measurements of the $E$-mode ($EE$) polarization power spectrum and temperature-$E$-mode ($TE$) cross-power spectrum of the cosmic microwave background using data collected by SPT-3G, the latest instrument installed on the South Pole Telescope. This analysis uses observations of a 1500 deg$^2$ region at 95, 150, and 220 GHz taken over a four month period in 2018. We report binned values of the $EE$ and $TE$ power spectra over the angular multipole range $300 \le \ell < 3000$, using the multifrequency data to construct six semi-independent estimates of each power spectrum and their minimum-variance combination. These measurements improve upon the previous results of SPTpol across the multipole ranges $300 \le \ell \le 1400$ for $EE$ and $300 \le \ell \le 1700$ for $TE$, resulting in constraints on cosmological parameters comparable to those from other current leading ground-based experiments. We find that the SPT-3G dataset is well-fit by a $\Lambda$CDM cosmological model with parameter constraints consistent with those from Planck and SPTpol data. From SPT-3G data alone, we find $H_0 = 68.8 \pm 1.5 \mathrm{km\,s^{-1}\,Mpc^{-1}}$ and $\sigma_8 = 0.789 \pm 0.016$, with a gravitational lensing amplitude consistent with the $\Lambda$CDM prediction ($A_L = 0.98 \pm 0.12$). We combine the SPT-3G and the Planck datasets and obtain joint constraints on the $\Lambda$CDM model. The volume of the 68% confidence region in six-dimensional $\Lambda$CDM parameter space is reduced by a factor of 1.5 compared to Planck-only constraints, with only slight shifts in central values. We note that the results presented here are obtained from data collected during just half of a typical observing season with only part of the focal plane operable, and that the active detector count has since nearly doubled for observations made with SPT-3G after 2018.
Published: 2021

4. Detection of the Crab Nebula with the 9.7 m prototype Schwarzschild-Couder telescope

Author: Gagik Tovmassian, F. Di Pierro, V. Masone, M. Ambrosio, C. B. Adams, N. La Palombara, A. Brill, Amy Furniss, K. Meagher, Marcos Santander, Nicola Giglietto, Olivier Hervet, Wystan Benbow, C. Bonavolontà, S. I. Mognet, Maria Ionica, A. Bouvier, S. P. Wakely, Vladimir Vassiliev, F. R. Pantaleo, Fernando Garfias, Alasdair E. Gent, Akira Okumura, S. Loporchio, A. Kuznetsov, J. Thornhill, J. H. Buckley, R. A. Cameron, L. Stiaccini, E. Fiandrini, E. Pueschel, S. Schlenstedt, R. J. White, L. Di Venere, Thomas Meures, G. Ambrosi, Arturo Iriarte, Daniel Nieto, M. Valentino, Riccardo Paoletti, Q. Feng, S. J. Fegan, A. Boiano, V. J. Guarino, David Kieda, G. Hughes, Julien Rousselle, G. Sironi, Justin Vandenbroucke, V. Vagelli, R. Shang, Enrico Giro, B. A. W. Mode, T. B. Humensky, A. Petrashyk, W. Jin, Maria Magdalena González, N. Otte, M. Caprai, Stefan Funk, M. Bitossi, D. Ribeiro, Karen Byrum, B. Bertucci, G. Pareschi, Andrea Rugliancich, Manel Errando, D. Depaoli, E. Roache, J. Ruíz-Díaz-Soto, T. C. Arlen, Michael Schneider, Jason John Watson, T. Nguyen, B. Stevenson, Jonathan Biteau, L. Tosti, Reshmi Mukherjee, David A. Williams, Jonathan S. Lapington, P. Kaaret, C. A. Johnson, Elisabetta Bissaldi, Gordon T. Richards, P. Fortin, Carla Aramo, Francesco Giordano, Salvo Scuderi, G. M. Foote, Hiroyasu Tajima, Richard Bose, Jamie Holder, R. Halliday, P. Yu, Rodolfo Canestrari, Ruben Alfaro, D. Ross, A. Zink, P. Wilcox, P. I. Batista, Matthew Wood, P. T. Reynolds, B. Kim, F. Licciulli, L. P. Taylor, A. M. Brown, M. Capasso, Corbin Covault, Laboratoire de Physique des 2 Infinis Irène Joliot-Curie (IJCLab), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet (LLR), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)
Subjects: Cherenkov Telescope Array, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmic ray, Field of view, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Telescope, Primary mirror, law, Observatory, pixel, 0103 physical sciences, optical, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, photomultiplier: silicon, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], mirror, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Cherenkov radiation, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astronomy, resolution, Astronomy and Astrophysics, radiation: Cherenkov, aberration, cascade, observatory, Crab Nebula, gamma ray: emission, cosmic radiation, atmosphere, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], statistical
Abstract: The Schwarzschild-Couder Telescope (SCT) is a telescope concept proposed for the Cherenkov Telescope Array. It employs a dual-mirror optical design to remove comatic aberrations over an $8^{\circ}$ field of view, and a high-density silicon photomultiplier camera (with a pixel resolution of 4 arcmin) to record Cherenkov emission from cosmic ray and gamma-ray initiated particle cascades in the atmosphere. The prototype SCT (pSCT), comprising a 9.7 m diameter primary mirror and a partially instrumented camera with 1536 pixels, has been constructed at the Fred Lawrence Whipple Observatory. The telescope was inaugurated in January 2019, with commissioning continuing throughout 2019. We describe the first campaign of observations with the pSCT, conducted in January and February of 2020, and demonstrate the detection of gamma-ray emission from the Crab Nebula with a statistical significance of $8.6\sigma$., Comment: 13 pages, 12 figures, 3 tables, submitted to Astroparticle Physics
Published: 2021

5. Verification of the Optical System of the 9.7-m Prototype Schwarzschild-Couder Telescope

Author: C. Aramo, Thomas Brian Humensky, Giovanni Pareschi, L. Stiaccini, Carmela Bonavolontà, A. Rugliancich, M. Caprai, E. Fiandrini, David Kieda, Daniel Nieto, A. Furniss, M. Bitossi, G. Sironi, S. J. Fegan, Wystan Benbow, B. Stevenson, C. Adams, Markus Garczarczyk, Justin Vandenbroucke, Riccardo Paoletti, B. Kim, Elisabetta Bissaldi, L. Di Venere, A. Petrashyk, R. A. Cameron, M. Valentino, Vladimir Vassiliev, Gagik Tovmassian, A. Boiano, S. Loporchio, Corbin Covault, Nicola Giglietto, P. Wilcox, A. Iriarte, Francesco Giordano, Reshmi Mukherjee, F. Garfias, A. Brill, S. P. Wakely, T. Meures, P. Kaarat, R. Shang, Michele Limon, K. Powell, Marcos Santander, B. A. W. Mode, F. R. Pantaleo, D. A. Williams, Julien Rousselle, G. Hughes, O. Hervet, V. Masone, R. Halliday, R. Bose, Q. Feng, Jade Powell, J. H. Buckley, Salvo Scuderi, S. Schlenstedt, M. Ambrosio, Peter Y. Yu, M. Capasso, Akira Okumura, F. Licciulli, A. Gent, J. Ruíz-Díaz-Soto, L. P. Taylor, B. Bertucci, M. Ionica, N. Otte, D. Ribeiro, E. Roache, N. La Palombara, Giovanni Ambrosi, W. Jin, Karen Byrum, L. Tosti, Ruben Alfaro, Maria Magdalena González, V. Vagelli, Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet (LLR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), ITA, USA, FRA, DEU, ESP, JPN, and MEX
Subjects: Cherenkov Telescope Array, 01 natural sciences, localization, law.invention, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), law, Observatory, pixel, optical, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], mirror, media_common, Physics, cascade: atmosphere, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, imaging, Active optics, alignment, Schwarzschild, observatory, Aplanatic Optical System, duality, history, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, performance, Gamma Ray, Imaging Cherenkov Telescopes, Aperture, media_common.quotation_subject, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Cherenkov counter: atmosphere, 010309 optics, Telescope, Optics, 0103 physical sciences, Angular resolution, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Cherenkov radiation, business.industry, beam: width, 010401 analytical chemistry, resolution, sensitivity, 0104 chemical sciences, messenger, angular resolution, Sky, gamma ray, business
Abstract: For the first time in the history of ground-based $\gamma$-ray astronomy, the on-axis performance of the dual mirror, aspheric, aplanatic Schwarzschild-Couder optical system has been demonstrated in a $9.7$-m aperture imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescope. The novel design of the prototype Schwarzschild-Couder Telescope (pSCT) is motivated by the need of the next-generation Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) observatory to have the ability to perform wide ($\geq 8^{\circ}$) field-of-view observations simultaneously with superior imaging of atmospheric cascades (resolution of $0.067^{\circ}$ per pixel or better). The pSCT design, if implemented in the CTA installation, has the potential to improve significantly both the $\gamma$-ray angular resolution and the off-axis sensitivity of the observatory, reaching nearly the theoretical limit of the technique and thereby making a major impact on the CTA observatory sky survey programs, follow-up observations of multi-messenger transients with poorly known initial localization, as well as on the spatially resolved spectroscopic studies of extended $\gamma$-ray sources. This contribution reports on the initial alignment procedures and point-spread-function results for the challenging segmented aspheric primary and secondary mirrors of the pSCT., Comment: 19 pages, 11 figures, proceedings for SPIE Optical Engineering + Applications, 2020, Online Only
Published: 2020

6. Basic Research Needs for High Energy Physics Detector Research & Development: Report of the Office of Science Workshop on Basic Research Needs for HEP Detector Research and Development: December 11-14, 2019

Author: Bonnie Fleming, Ian Shipsey, Marcel Demarteau, James Fast, Sunil Golwala, Young-Kee Kim, Abraham Seiden, James Hirschauer, Gabriella Sciolla, Ornella Palamara, Kate Scholberg, Jodi Cooley, Dan McKinsey, Clarence Chang, Brenna Flaugher, Sarah Demers, Monica Pepe-Altarelli, Francesco Lanni, Roger Rusack, Roxanne Guenette, Jocelyn Monroe, Lindley Winslow, Peter Krizan, Andrew Geraci, Kent Irwin, Gabriella Carini, Mitch Newcomer, Marina Artuso, Carl Haber, Darin Acosta, Tulika Bose, Michael Begel, Meenakshi Narain, Daniel Dwyer, Amy Connolly, Andrew Sonnenschein, Reyco Henning, Kyle Dawson, Laura Newburgh, Matthew Reece, Nicola Serra, Nural Akchurin, Sarah Eno, Paolo Rumerio, Renyuan Zhu, Jennifer Raaf, Andrea Pocar, Jonathan Asaadi, Hugh Lippincott, Graham Giovanetti, Adriana Lita, Felix Sefkow, Gretchen Campbell, Alexander Sushkov, Ronald Walsworth, Anna Grassellino, Angelo Dragone, Maurice Garcia-Sciveres, Terri Shaw, Julia Thom-Levy, Alessandro Tricoli, Petra Merkel, Wesley Ketchum, Jinlong Zhang, Paul O'Connor, Georgia Karagiorgi, Christie Ashton, Lali Chaterjee, Peter Lee, Donald Hornback, Helmut Marsiske, Michelle Shinn, Karen Byrum, Glen Crawford, Elaine Lessner, Donna Nevels, Gulshan Rai, Kathy Turner, and Randall Ruchti
Published: 2019

7. An image-based array trigger for imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescope arrays

Author: Frank Krennrich, Gary Drake, Karen Byrum, J. D. Eisch, Amanda Weinstein, John S. Anderson, and Hugh Dickinson
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Discriminator, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Field of view, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Telescope, Optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Instrumentation, Cherenkov radiation, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, Pixel, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Gamma-ray astronomy, Cherenkov Telescope Array, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Parallax, business
Abstract: It is anticipated that forthcoming, next generation, atmospheric Cherenkov telescope arrays will include a number of medium-sized telescopes that are constructed using a dual-mirror Schwarzschild-Couder configuration. These telescopes will sample a wide ($8^{\circ}$) field of view using a densely pixelated camera comprising over $10^{4}$ individual readout channels. A readout frequency congruent with the expected single-telescope trigger rates would result in substantial data rates. To ameliorate these data rates, a novel, hardware-level Distributed Intelligent Array Trigger (DIAT) is envisioned. A copy of the DIAT operates autonomously at each telescope and uses reduced resolution imaging data from a limited subset of nearby telescopes to veto events prior to camera readout {and any subsequent network transmission of camera data that is required for centralized storage or aggregation}. We present the results of Monte-Carlo simulations that evaluate the efficacy of a "Parallax width" discriminator that can be used by the DIAT to efficiently distinguish between genuine gamma-ray initiated events and unwanted background events that are initiated by hadronic cosmic rays., 22 pages, 12 figures. Accepted for publication in NIMA
Published: 2018

8. Design Improvement and Bias Voltage Optimization of Glass-Body Microchannel Plate Picosecond Photodetector

Author: Dean Walters, Lei Xia, Ranjan Dharmapalan, Edward May, Robert Wagner, Anil U. Mane, Jingbo Wang, Huyue Zhao, Marcel Demarteau, Junqi Xie, Karen Byrum, and Jeffrey W. Elam
Subjects: 010302 applied physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Materials science, Fabrication, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Detector, Photodetector, Biasing, 01 natural sciences, Planar, Optics, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Picosecond, 0103 physical sciences, Microchannel plate detector, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, business, Image resolution
Abstract: Microchannel plate photodetectors, capable of picosecond time resolution and sub-mm spatial resolution, are a perfect candidate for the next generation of photodetectors for precision timing measurements. Argonne National Laboratory is producing low-cost, all-glass body, planar photodetectors with an indium seal. The design and fabrication of 6-cm square photodetectors has been well demonstrated in an ultra-high vacuum system. Recently, a new design was developed to optimize the photodetector bias voltage. This design offers an improved configuration and allows external control of the bias voltage for each internal detector component. Design and measurements of the new independently biased devices are described in this paper. We performed a systematic study on the bias voltage and achieved a gain on the order of $10^{{\mathbf {7}}}$ , a time resolution better than 35 ps, and a spatial resolution better than 1 mm.
Published: 2017

9. CMB-S4 Decadal Survey APC White Paper

Author: Shaul Hanany, Georges Obied, J. Colin Hill, Thomas Cecil, Keith L. Thompson, Adam Anderson, Michael L. Brown, Doug Johnstone, Lorenzo Moncelsi, Erminia Calabrese, Howard Hui, Haruki Nishino, Sara M. Simon, James Kerby, Theodore Kisner, K. T. Story, Moritz Münchmeyer, Aritoki Suzuki, Joseph J. Mohr, Adrian T. Lee, Bradley R. Johnson, Sanah Bhimani, W. C. Jones, A. E. Lowitz, Nathan Whitehorn, Valentine Novosad, Marcelo A. Alvarez, Anze Slosar, Kam Arnold, Kevork N. Abazajian, Mustafa A. Amin, Evan Grohs, Abigail G. Vieregg, Siavash Yasini, Mathew S. Madhavacheril, Julien Carron, Ritoban Basu Thakur, Jean-Baptiste Melin, Shawn W. Henderson, Asantha Cooray, Chris Stoughton, Peter Timbie, Matteo Bonato, Ki Won Yoon, Blakesley Burkhart, Salman Habib, T. Natoli, Jacques Delabrouille, Carlo Baccigalupi, Victor Guarino, Steven W. Allen, Kathy Bailey, Aurelien A. Fraisse, Osamu Tajima, Silvia Galli, Denis Barkats, Antony Lewis, Ari Cukierman, Johannes Hubmayr, Marilena LoVerde, Erik Shirokoff, G. P. Holder, James G. Bartlett, James Yeck, Dale Li, N. W. Halverson, Graeme E. Addison, Adam Mantz, Matthieu Tristram, Laura Newburgh, Sarah Shandera, Alessandro Schillaci, Lindsey Bleem, Raphael Flauger, Marcel Schmittfull, S. Pandey, Kent D. Irwin, N. Kurita, Gregory S. Tucker, Matthew Hasselfield, Reijo Keskitalo, Levon Pogosian, Rachel S. Somerville, C. D. Sheehy, Srini Rajagopalan, Jesse Treu, Giuseppe Puglisi, Eric J. Baxter, John M Kovac, Emmanuel Schaan, Marcel Demarteau, Akito Kusaka, Suzanne T. Staggs, Kirit Karkare, Josquin Errard, Thomas Essinger-Hileman, Anne Lähteenmäki, Mattia Negrello, Toshiya Namikawa, Zhilei Xu, Mark Halpern, Simone Ferraro, Edo Berger, François R. Bouchet, Zeeshan Ahmed, Frederick Matsuda, Joseph Eimer, Alexandra S. Rahlin, W. L. Kimmy Wu, Giulio Fabbian, Chao-Lin Kuo, Christian L. Reichardt, Marius Millea, Stephen Padin, A. T. Crites, Joel Meyers, William Edwards, R. Gualtieri, Jason W. Henning, Arthur Kosowsky, Edward J. Wollack, W. L. Holzapfel, Michael D. Niemack, John E. Carlstrom, Rachel Bean, Cora Dvorkin, Ely D. Kovetz, David Alonso, Nicholas Battaglia, Sean Bryan, Gianfranco De Zotti, Anthony Challinor, Graca Rocha, Federico Nati, Jeffrey P. Filippini, Katrin Heitmann, Eric V. Linder, Antony A. Stark, Martin Nordby, Grant Teply, Benjamin Saliwanchik, Peter Adshead, P. Daniel Meerburg, Victoria Calafut, Francis-Yan Cyr-Racine, M.E. Huffer, Chris Bebek, Lloyd Knox, Masashi Hazumi, Eleonora Di Valentino, Natalie A. Roe, Nicholas Galitzki, Masaya Hasegawa, Sarah Kernovsky, Victor Buza, Darcy Barron, C. Pryke, Tijmen de Haan, Tony Mroczkowski, Vera Gluscevic, Andrea Zonca, Daniel Green, Kimberly K. Boddy, Srinivasan Raghunathan, Jeff McMahon, J. E. Ruhl, Steve Kuhlmann, Blake D. Sherwin, Joaquin Vieira, Peter S. Barry, Daisuke Nagai, Karen Byrum, Neelima Sehgal, Murdock Gilchriese, Marco Raveri, M. Tomasi, Douglas Scott, James J. Bock, Martin White, Chang Feng, Ken Ganga, Martina Gerbino, Suvodip Mukherjee, Radek Stompor, Gensheng Wang, B. Racine, Mark Reichanadter, Paul O'Connor, Alexander van Engelen, Kevin M. Huffenberger, Maria Salatino, Kathleen Harrington, Nobuhiko Katayama, Bradford Benson, Daniel Grin, Colin A. Bischoff, Charles R. Lawrence, Mark Vogelsberger, Shannon M. Duff, Scott Watson, Sebastian Bocquet, C. Umiltà, Andrei V. Frolov, C. L. Chang, Johanna Nagy, J. Richard Bond, Philip Daniel Mauskopf, B. Flaugher, Robert R. Caldwell, Mark J. Devlin, Renée Hlozek, Anirban Roy, Elena Pierpaoli, Amy N. Bender, Bruce Partridge, E. Y. Young, Matt Dobbs, Julian Borrill, Adriaan J. Duivenvoorden, Yuji Chinone, Mathieu Remazeilles, T. M. Crawford, Jon E. Gudmundsson, Hsiao-Mei Sherry Cho, and Gunther Haller
Subjects: White paper, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, 0103 physical sciences, Cosmic microwave background, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astronomy, Environmental science, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Project plan, 010306 general physics, 01 natural sciences
Abstract: We provide an overview of the science case, instrument configuration and project plan for the next-generation ground-based cosmic microwave background experiment CMB-S4, for consideration by the 2020 Decadal Survey.
Published: 2019

10. SPT-3G: a multichroic receiver for the South Pole Telescope

Author: N. Kuklev, H. M. Cho, Faustin Carter, Junjia Ding, Gene C. Hilton, E. V. Denison, N. Huang, V. G. Yefremenko, Christian L. Reichardt, Peter S. Barry, K. L. Thompson, Alexandra S. Rahlin, Z. Pan, Gilbert Holder, A. A. Stark, N. W. Halverson, T. de Haan, R. Basu Thakur, Chihway Chang, Kent D. Irwin, N. L. Harrington, John Groh, W. L. Holzapfel, Q. Y. Tang, Jessica Avva, A. Cukierman, John E. Carlstrom, Donna Kubik, T. Natoli, A. E. Lowitz, John E. Pearson, Stephen Padin, Bradford Benson, J. E. Ruhl, Jason W. Henning, W. B. Everett, Carole Tucker, Leila R. Vale, A. Foster, Daniel Michalik, Thomas Cecil, Gensheng Wang, Jason E. Austermann, Valentine Novosad, J. A. Sobrin, K. W. Yoon, Oliver Jeong, H. Nguyen, Graeme Smecher, Lindsey Bleem, Amy N. Bender, S. S. Meyer, R. N. Gannon, Karen Byrum, L. J. Saunders, J. F. Cliche, D. Dutcher, C. M. Posada, M. R. Young, K. Vanderlinde, I. Shirley, Steve Kuhlmann, Matt Dobbs, Joaquin Vieira, Lloyd Knox, G. I. Noble, A. M. Kofman, C. L. Kuo, T. M. Crawford, M. Jonas, Aritoki Suzuki, Zeeshan Ahmed, Peter A. R. Ade, K. T. Story, Nathan Whitehorn, Trupti Khaire, Joshua Montgomery, A. J. Gilbert, Adam Anderson, J. T. Sayre, A. H. Harke-Hosemann, E. M. Leitch, M. Korman, Erik Shirokoff, Aaron Lee, and Andrew Nadolski
Subjects: Physics, Gravitational wave, Cosmic microwave background, Detector, Polarimetry, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astronomy, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Condensed Matter Physics, 01 natural sciences, Multiplexing, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, South Pole Telescope, Gravitational lens, 0103 physical sciences, General Materials Science, 010306 general physics, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Galaxy cluster
Abstract: A new receiver for the South Pole Telescope, SPT-3G, was deployed in early 2017 to map the cosmic microwave background at 95, 150, and 220 GHz with ∼ \ud ∼\ud 16,000 detectors, 10 times more than its predecessor SPTpol. The increase in detector count is made possible by lenslet-coupled trichroic polarization-sensitive pixels fabricated at Argonne National Laboratory, new 68× \ud ×\ud frequency-domain multiplexing readout electronics, and a higher-throughput optical design. The enhanced sensitivity of SPT-3G will enable a wide range of results including constraints on primordial B-mode polarization, measurements of gravitational lensing of the CMB, and a galaxy cluster survey. Here we present an overview of the instrument and its science objectives, highlighting its measured performance and plans for the upcoming 2018 observing season.
Published: 2018

11. Development and testing of cost-effective, 6cm×6cm MCP-based photodetectors for fast timing applications

Author: Jeffrey W. Elam, Anil U. Mane, Huyue Zhao, Edward May, Dean Walters, Robert Wagner, Karen Byrum, Marcel Demarteau, Junqi Xie, Lei Xia, and Jingbo Wang
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Fabrication, business.industry, Position resolution, Detector, Photodetector, Time resolution, Atomic layer deposition, Picosecond, Optoelectronics, Microchannel plate detector, business, Instrumentation
Abstract: Micro-channel plate (MCP)-based photodetectors are capable of picosecond level time resolution and sub-mm level position resolution, which makes them a perfect candidate for the next generation large area photodetectors. The large-area picosecond photodetector (LAPPD) collaboration is developing new techniques for making large-area photodetectors based on new MCP fabrication and functionalization methods. A small single tube processing system (SmSTPS) was constructed at Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) for developing scalable, cost-effective, glass-body, 6 cm×6 cm, picosecond photodetectors based on MCPs functionalized by Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD). Recently, a number of fully processed and hermitically sealed prototypes made of MCPs with 20 μm pores have been fabricated. This is a significant milestone for the LAPPD project. These prototypes were characterized with a pulsed laser test facility. Without optimization, the prototypes have shown excellent results: the time resolution is ~57 ps for single photoelectron mode and ~15 ps for multi-photoelectron mode; the best position resolution is ≤0.8 mm for large pulses. In this paper, the tube processing system, the detector assembly, experimental setup, data analysis and the key performance will be presented.
Published: 2015
Full Text: View/download PDF

12. Year two instrument status of the SPT-3G cosmic microwave background receiver

Author: J. C. Groh, Chao-Lin Kuo, Christian L. Reichardt, V. Novosad, N. W. Halverson, Thomas Cecil, A. E. Lowitz, C. M. Posada, A. J. Gilbert, Aled Jones, Adam Anderson, Joaquin Vieira, S. Guns, Ki Won Yoon, N. Huang, Jason Gallicchio, K. Aylor, John E. Carlstrom, Matt Dobbs, Faustin Carter, Erik Shirokoff, H. Nguyen, S. E. Kuhlmann, T. M. Crawford, Srinivasan Raghunathan, Jessica Avva, Junjia Ding, Gene C. Hilton, Kent D. Irwin, Stephen Padin, A. H. Harke-Hosemann, T. de Haan, T. Natoli, G. I. Noble, W. L. Holzapfel, A. M. Kofman, Daniel Michalik, Volodymyr Yefremenko, W. L. K. Wu, W. B. Everett, H-M. Cho, Donna Kubik, Gensheng Wang, E. M. Leitch, L. S. Bleem, A. Foster, J. E. Ruhl, Jason W. Henning, M. Korman, Keith L. Thompson, W. Quan, J. A. Sobrin, Karen Byrum, S. S. Meyer, Amy N. Bender, Ari Cukierman, Andrew Nadolski, D. Dutcher, E. V. Denison, Peter S. Barry, J. F. Cliche, Zeeshan Ahmed, Antony A. Stark, K. Vanderlinde, N. L. Harrington, L. R. Vale, John E. Pearson, Z. Pan, Peter A. R. Ade, Sebastian Bocquet, M. Jonas, Bradford Benson, K. T. Story, Aritoki Suzuki, Oliver Jeong, Alexandra S. Rahlin, Scott Dodelson, Nathan Whitehorn, R. Basu Thakur, Chihway Chang, Carole Tucker, Trupti Khaire, Joshua Montgomery, Graeme Smecher, Adrian T. Lee, Lloyd Knox, Gilbert Holder, M. R. Young, and J. T. Sayre
Subjects: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), media_common.quotation_subject, Cosmic microwave background, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Telescope, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), law, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), media_common, Physics, Gravitational wave, Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astronomy, Polarization (waves), South Pole Telescope, 13. Climate action, Sky, Neutrino, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: The South Pole Telescope (SPT) is a millimeter-wavelength telescope designed for high-precision measurements of the cosmic microwave background (CMB). The SPT measures both the temperature and polarization of the CMB with a large aperture, resulting in high resolution maps sensitive to signals across a wide range of angular scales on the sky. With these data, the SPT has the potential to make a broad range of cosmological measurements. These include constraining the effect of massive neutrinos on large-scale structure formation as well as cleaning galactic and cosmological foregrounds from CMB polarization data in future searches for inflationary gravitational waves. The SPT began observing in January 2017 with a new receiver (SPT-3G) containing $\sim$16,000 polarization-sensitive transition-edge sensor bolometers. Several key technology developments have enabled this large-format focal plane, including advances in detectors, readout electronics, and large millimeter-wavelength optics. We discuss the implementation of these technologies in the SPT-3G receiver as well as the challenges they presented. In late 2017 the implementations of all three of these technologies were modified to optimize total performance. Here, we present the current instrument status of the SPT-3G receiver., 21 pages, 9 Figures, Presented at SPIE Astronomical Telescopes + Instrumentation 2018
Published: 2018

13. Quantum Sensing for High Energy Physics

Author: Cynthia Jenks, Vesna Mitrovic, Matthew Dietrich, Paul D. Lett, Petra Merkel, Kevin J. O'Brien, Volodymyr Yefremenko, Roger Rusack, Mattia Checchin, Ian Shipsey, Sae Woo Nam, Nicholas A. Peters, Alexander Romanenko, Malcolm Boshier, Michael V. Fazio, Tenzin Rabga, David Underwood, Larry Lurio, Karen Byrum, John Zasadzinski, Gensheng Wang, Benjamin J. Lawrie, Jonathan King, Hogan Nguyen, Eve Kovacs, Howard Nicholson, Jeffrey R. Guest, Robert Wagner, Xuedan Ma, Amr S. Helmy, Andrew Sonnenschein, U. Patel, Jason W. Henning, Xufeng Zhang, Valerie Taylor, Yuekun Heng, Geoffrey T. Bodwin, C. M. Posada, Andrei Nomerotski, Jessica Metcalfe, Hal Finkel, Patrick J. Fox, Yuri Alexeev, Keith Schwab, Derek F. Jackson Kimball, Nathan Woollett, Karl van Bibber, Joseph Heremans, Akito Kusaka, Harry Weerts, David Hume, Zeeshan Ahmed, Jonathan Lewis, Pavel Lougovski, Marcel Demarteau, Roger O'Brient, John F. Mitchell, Ranjan Dharmapalan, Vishnu Zutshi, Gustavo Cancelo, Przemyslaw Bienias, D. Braga, Richard Kriske, Junqi Xie, Ron Harnik, Giorgio Apollinari, Kent D. Irwin, Vladan Vuletic, Gianpaolo Carosi, R. Tschirhart, Erik Shirokoff, Zelimir Djurcic, James E. Fast, M. Crisler, Sergei Chekanov, Junjia Ding, Karl K. Berggren, Jason M. Hogan, Asimina Arvanitaki, Aaron S. Chou, Donna Kubik, Holger Mueller, Johannes Hubmayr, Andrei Gaponenko, Michael L. Norman, Raphael C. Pooser, Salman Habib, Konrad Lehnert, Nick Karonis, Aashish A. Clerk, Peter Fierlinger, Raj Kettimuthu, Monika Schleier-Smith, J. Segal, David D. Awschalom, D. Bowring, Ian C. Cloët, S. Rescia, Edward May, Misun Min, Tijana Rajh, Sandeep Miryala, Bjoern Penning, Phay J. Ho, Andrew Geraci, Gerald Gabrielse, Christopher George Tully, Supratik Guha, Maurice Garcia-Sciveres, Jie Zhang, Thomas Cecil, John M. Doyle, Sergey Perverzev, C. L. Chang, Jimmy Proudfoot, and Antonino Miceli
Subjects: Physics, Particle physics, Quantum sensor, Experimental methods, Domain (software engineering)
Abstract: Report of the first workshop to identify approaches and techniques in the domain of quantum sensing that can be utilized by future High Energy Physics applications to further the scientific goals of High Energy Physics.
Published: 2018

14. Design and fabrication of prototype 6×6 cm2 microchannel plate photodetector with bialkali photocathode for fast timing applications

Author: Joseph Gregar, Dean Walters, Karen Byrum, Huyue Zhao, Robert Wagner, Marcel Demarteau, Junqi Xie, Edward May, Jingbo Wang, Mathew Virgo, and Lei Xia
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Fabrication, business.industry, Photodetector, Photocathode, Optics, Planar, Quantum efficiency, Microchannel plate detector, Thin film, business, Instrumentation, Image resolution
Abstract: Planar microchannel plate-based photodetectors with a bialkali photocathode are able to achieve photon detection with very good time and position resolution. A 6×6 cm 2 photodetector production facility was designed and built at Argonne National Laboratory. Small form-factor MCP-based photodetectors completely constructed out of glass were designed and prototypes were successfully fabricated. Knudsen effusion cells were incorporated in the photocathode growth chamber to achieve uniform and high quantum efficiency photocathodes. The thin film uniformity was simulated and measured for an antimony film deposition, showing uniformity of better than 10%. Several prototype devices with bialkali photocathodes have been fabricated with the described system and their characteristics were evaluated in the large signal (multi-PE) limit. A typical prototype device exhibits time-of-flight resolution of ~27 psec and differential time resolution of ~9 psec, corresponding to spatial resolution of ~0.65 mm.
Published: 2015

15. Development of a low-cost fast-timing microchannel plate photodetector

Author: Lei Xia, Dean Walters, Huyue Zhao, Robert Wagner, Karen Byrum, Edward May, Jingbo Wang, Marcel Demarteau, and Junqi Xie
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Fabrication, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Photodetector, Time resolution, 01 natural sciences, Photocathode, Glass material, 010309 optics, Optics, 0103 physical sciences, Optoelectronics, Microchannel plate detector, Quantum efficiency, business, Instrumentation, Image resolution
Abstract: We report on the design, fabrication and characterization of a prototype 6 × 6 cm 2 microchannel plate photodetector with precise fast-timing measurement capability. The whole assembly is made of low cost glass materials with a bialkali photocathode top window. All components are hermetically sealed in vacuum. The prototype photodetector exhibits time resolution of 65 ps and 16 ps at single-photoelectron and multi-photoelectron levels, respectively. The spatial resolution reaches 0.54 mm for multi-photoelectron measurements. The bialkali photocathode exhibits a maximum quantum efficiency exceeding 20% with a uniformity of ± 40 % .
Published: 2016
Full Text: View/download PDF

16. Dark Matter Constraints from a Joint Analysis of Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy Observations with VERITAS

Author: Ralph Bird, Q. Feng, Marita Krause, Martin Pohl, M. J. Lang, J. Tyler, Matteo Cerruti, J. H. Buckley, A. N. Otte, Amy Furniss, I. Telezhinsky, E. Roache, Jamie Holder, M. P. Connolly, Wystan Benbow, N. Kelley-Hoskins, P. Kaaret, Olivier Hervet, Alex Geringer-Sameth, Karlen Shahinyan, B. Zitzer, J. Grube, M. Buchovecky, G. H. Sembroski, F. Krennrich, S. McArthur, N. H. Park, David Kieda, C. B. Rulten, P. Kar, Etienne Bourbeau, T. T.Y. Lin, N. Håkansson, Henrike Fleischhack, J. V. Tucci, A. Popkow, C. A. Johnson, M. Kertzman, Sinéad M. Griffin, R. Mukherjee, P. Moriarty, S. P. Wakely, Karen Byrum, R. A. Ong, Lucy Fortson, A. Weinstein, Marcos Santander, B. Hummensky, M. K. Daniel, John L. Quinn, T. Brantseg, E. Pueschel, David A. Williams, Gordon T. Richards, P. T. Reynolds, K. Ragan, Daniel Nieto, Moritz Hütten, A. Archer, D. Staszak, S. Trepanier, Jodi Christiansen, P. Wilcox, I. Sadeh, Wei Cui, Savvas M. Koushiappas, A. W. Smith, J. P. Finley, S. Archambault, D. S. Hanna, V. Bugaev, S. O'Brien, and G. Hughes
Subjects: particle, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Dark matter, FOS: Physical sciences, IACT, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Bottom quark, models, gamma-ray astronomy, 0103 physical sciences, ddc:530, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, milky-way, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Dwarf galaxy, Physics, parameters, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Gauge boson, Annihilation, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astronomy, Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Dwarf spheroidal galaxy, kinematics, Weakly interacting massive particles, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: We present constraints on the annihilation cross section of WIMP dark matter based on the joint statistical analysis of four dwarf galaxies with VERITAS. These results are derived from an optimized photon weighting statistical technique that improves on standard imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescope (IACT) analyses by utilizing the spectral and spatial properties of individual photon events. We report on the results of $\sim$230 hours of observations of five dwarf galaxies and the joint statistical analysis of four of the dwarf galaxies. We find no evidence of gamma-ray emission from any individual dwarf nor in the joint analysis. The derived upper limit on the dark matter annihilation cross section from the joint analysis is $1.35\times 10^{-23} {\mathrm{ cm^3s^{-1}}}$ at 1 TeV for the bottom quark ($b\bar{b}$) final state, $2.85\times 10^{-24}{\mathrm{ cm^3s^{-1}}}$ at 1 TeV for the tau lepton ($\tau^{+}\tau^{-}$) final state and $1.32\times 10^{-25}{\mathrm{ cm^3s^{-1}}}$ at 1 TeV for the gauge boson ($\gamma\gamma$) final state., Comment: 14 pages, 9 figures, published in PRD, Ascii tables containing annihilation cross sections limits are available for download as ancillary files with readme.txt file description of limits
Published: 2017

17. Optimization of transition edge sensor arrays for cosmic microwave background observations with the South Pole Telescope

Author: Faustin Carter, Junjia Ding, Gene C. Hilton, Jason W. Henning, H. M. Cho, C. S. Miller, Chihway Chang, V. G. Yefremenko, RB Thakur, K. L. Thompson, Z. Pan, E. M. Leitch, A. S. Rahlin, H. Nguyen, K. Vanderlinde, R. N. Gannon, Trupti Khaire, Liliana Stan, J. A. Sobrin, Joshua Montgomery, David A. Czaplewski, Andreas Bender, John E. Carlstrom, Johannes Hubmayr, W. L. K. Wu, Kam Arnold, D. Dutcher, T. Natoli, Erik Shirokoff, Jessica Avva, S. S. Meyer, R. Guyser, Kent D. Irwin, Valentine Novosad, Q. Y. Tang, Stephen Padin, A. J. Gilbert, Christian L. Reichardt, Adam Anderson, A. Cukierman, T. de Haan, Lindsey Bleem, Aritoki Suzuki, W. L. Holzapfel, I. Shirley, Gensheng Wang, Donna Kubik, W. B. Everett, Kaori Hattori, J. T. Sayre, Peter A. R. Ade, A. A. Stark, Carole Tucker, Ki Won Yoon, K. T. Story, N. W. Halverson, J. E. Ruhl, C. L. Kuo, C. M. Posada, Andrew Nadolski, M. A. Dobbs, Zeeshan Ahmed, J. F. Cliche, Joaquin Vieira, Nathan Whitehorn, Jason E. Austermann, John E. Pearson, Benjamin Saliwanchik, Oliver Jeong, Graeme Smecher, Ralu Divan, Karen Byrum, N. L. Harrington, Bradford Benson, N. Huang, Jamil A. Shariff, and Aaron Lee
Subjects: cosmic microwave background, General Physics, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Cosmic microwave background, 02 engineering and technology, Dielectric, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, law.invention, Optics, Thermal conductivity, superconducting detectors, law, 0103 physical sciences, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 010306 general physics, QB, Physics, Transition edge sensors, business.industry, Detector, Bolometer, South Pole telescope, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Materials Engineering, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, Polarization (waves), Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, South Pole Telescope, Transition edge sensor, 0210 nano-technology, business, bolometers
Abstract: © 2002-2011 IEEE. In this paper, we describe the optimization of transition-edge-sensor (TES) detector arrays for the third-generation camera for the South Pole Telescope. The camera, which contains ~ 16 000 detectors, will make high-angular-resolution maps of the temperature and polarization of the cosmic microwave background. Our key results are scatter in the transition temperature of Ti/Au TESs is reduced by fabricating the TESs on a thin Ti(5 nm)/Au(5 nm) buffer layer and the thermal conductivity of the legs that support our detector islands is dominated by the SiOx dielectric in the microstrip transmission lines that run along the legs.
Published: 2017

18. Very high energy observations of the binaries V 404 CYG AND 4U 0115+634 during giant X-Ray outbursts

Author: Wystan Benbow, Daniel Nieto, D. Staszak, Sanjay Kumar, P. Kaaret, A. Flinders, K. Ragan, Gernot Maier, S. Griffin, Matteo Cerruti, I. Telezhinsky, David Kieda, Jamie Holder, S. P. Wakely, P. Moriarty, John L. Quinn, Karen Byrum, N. Kelley-Hoskins, R. Mukherjee, A. Furniss, T. B. Humensky, R. A. Ong, Wei Cui, E. Pueschel, M. Fernandez-Alonso, S. Schlenstedt, O. Hervet, Q. Feng, E. Roache, D. S. Hanna, P. Wilcox, M. P. Connolly, A. C. Rovero, N. H. Park, Gordon T. Richards, M. Kertzman, J. H. Buckley, Abraham D. Falcone, C. A. Johnson, V. Bugaev, Karlen Shahinyan, David A. Williams, E. Bourbeau, H. Fleischhack, Ralph Bird, T. T.Y. Lin, Julien Rousselle, P. T. Reynolds, I. Sadeh, M. Hütten, P. Kar, M. J. Lang, A. Popkow, J. Tyler, J. Grube, Manel Errando, A. Archer, Stephan O'Brien, G. H. Sembroski, Lucy Fortson, Martin Pohl, M. Buchovecky, J. P. Finley, Maria Krause, and A. Wilhelm
Subjects: transients, black-hole, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Ciencias Físicas, X-ray binary, Flux, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, stars: individual (v 404 cyg, 4u 0115+634), 01 natural sciences, VERY HIGH ENERGY GAMMA RAYS, Luminosity, spectrum, X-RAY TRANSIENTS, purl.org/becyt/ford/1 [https], symbols.namesake, Observatory, 0103 physical sciences, Binary star, emission, tev, 010306 general physics, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, acceleration of particles, Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), ls i+61-degrees 303, Gamma ray, v404 cygni, Astronomy and Astrophysics, gamma rays: general, purl.org/becyt/ford/1.3 [https], veritas observations, Astronomía, Stars, binaries: general, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Eddington luminosity, symbols, ddc:520, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, CIENCIAS NATURALES Y EXACTAS, BINARY STARS
Abstract: Transient X-ray binaries produce major outbursts in which the X-ray flux can increase over the quiescent level by factors as large as $10^7$. The low-mass X-ray binary V 404 Cyg and the high-mass system 4U 0115+634 underwent such major outbursts in June and October 2015, respectively. We present here observations at energies above hundreds of GeV with the VERITAS observatory taken during some of the brightest X-ray activity ever observed from these systems. No gamma-ray emission has been detected by VERITAS in 2.5 hours of observations of the microquasar V 404 Cyg from 2015, June 20-21. The upper flux limits derived from these observations on the gamma-ray flux above 200 GeV of F $< 4.4\times 10^{-12}$ cm$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$ correspond to a tiny fraction (about $10^{-6}$) of the Eddington luminosity of the system, in stark contrast to that seen in the X-ray band. No gamma rays have been detected during observations of 4U 0115+634 in the period of major X-ray activity in October 2015. The flux upper limit derived from our observations is F $< 2.1\times 10^{-12}$ cm$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$ for gamma rays above 300 GeV, setting an upper limit on the ratio of gamma-ray to X-ray luminosity of less than 4%., Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal
Published: 2016

19. Construction of a Schwarzschild-Couder telescope as a candidate for the Cherenkov Telescope Array: Implementation of the opti

Author: Brian Humensky, Akira Okumura, David Kieda, Vladimir Vassiliev, Victor Guarino, V. Connaughton, Karen Byrum, Daniel Nieto Castano, Peter Jenke, Manel Errando, Robert Cameron, Julien Rousselle, Andrii Petrashyk, and Reshmi Mukherjee
Subjects: Physics, Telescope, law, Astronomy, Cherenkov Telescope Array, Schwarzschild radius, law.invention
Published: 2016

20. A Medium Sized Schwarzschild-Couder Cherenkov Telescope Design Proposed for the Cherenkov Telescope Array

Author: S. Schlenstedt, Wystan Benbow, R. Northrop, S. P. Wakely, E. Roache, Manel Errando, Julien Rousselle, Reshmi Mukherjee, D. Naumann, Daniel Nieto, David Kieda, H. Zhao, R. Sternberger, Karen Byrum, S. Criswell, V. J. Guarino, Vladimir Vassiliev, Brian Humensky, Akira Okumura, P. Kaaret, and R. A. Cameron
Subjects: Physics, business.industry, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astronomy, Cherenkov Telescope Array, law.invention, Telescope, Optics, Observatory, law, Mechanical design, Angular resolution, business, Schwarzschild radius, Cherenkov radiation
Abstract: The Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) is an international next-generation ground-based gamma-ray observatory. CTA will be implemented as southern and northern hemisphere arrays of tens of small, medium and large-sized imaging Cherenkov telescopes with the goal of improving the sensitivity over the current-generation experiments by an order of magnitude. CTA will provide energy coverage from ∼20 GeV to more than 300 TeV. The Schwarzschild-Couder (SC) medium size (9.5m) telescopes will feature a novel aplanatic two-mirror optical design capable of accommodating a wide field-of-view with significantly improved angular resolution as compared to the traditional Davies-Cotton optical design. A full-scale prototype SC medium size telescope structure has been designed and will be constructed at the Fred Lawrence Whipple Observatory in southern Arizona during the fall of 2015. This report will concentrate on the novel features of the design.
Published: 2016

21. Integrated performance of a frequency domain multiplexing readout in the SPT-3G receiver

Author: J. T. Sayre, Zeeshan Ahmed, Matt Dobbs, C. L. Chang, W. B. Everett, Trupti Khaire, Joshua Montgomery, V. Novosad, T. M. Crawford, H. Nguyen, Karen Byrum, Jason W. Henning, Peter A. R. Ade, K. T. Story, H. M. Cho, A. J. Gilbert, Alexandra S. Rahlin, J. E. Ruhl, G. Smecher, T. de Haan, Adam Anderson, N. W. Halverson, R. Basu Thakur, Nathan Whitehorn, Kent D. Irwin, J. A. Sobrin, Oliver Jeong, W. L. Holzapfel, David A. Czaplewski, S. S. Meyer, John E. Carlstrom, N. Huang, Erik Shirokoff, Keith L. Thompson, Z. Pan, Volodymyr Yefremenko, Donna Kubik, I. Shirley, Ki Won Yoon, John E. Pearson, Chao-Lin Kuo, Christian L. Reichardt, Ari Cukierman, Faustin Carter, K. Vanderlinde, Kaori Hattori, Amy N. Bender, Andrew Nadolski, Junjia Ding, T. Natoli, M. Korman, Kam Arnold, Gene C. Hilton, John Groh, Antony A. Stark, Sergi Lendinez, J. A. Shariff, D. Dutcher, B. R. Saliwanchik, Lindsey Bleem, N. L. Harrington, Ralu Divan, A. H. Harke-Hosemann, Adrian T. Lee, Bradford Benson, C. S. Miller, E. M. Leitch, C. M. Posada, Joaquin Vieira, J. F. Cliche, Liliana Stan, Jessica Avva, R. Guyser, Stephen Padin, Gensheng Wang, Aritoki Suzuki, Q. Y. Tang, Carole Tucker, and Jason E. Austermann
Subjects: Physics, business.industry, Cosmic microwave background, Bolometer, Bandwidth (signal processing), Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Multiplexing, law.invention, Cardinal point, Optics, South Pole Telescope, Interference (communication), law, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, business, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics
Abstract: The third generation receiver for the South Pole Telescope, SPT-3G, will make extremely deep, arcminuteresolution maps of the temperature and polarization of the cosmic microwave background. The SPT-3G maps will enable studies of the B-mode polarization signature, constraining primordial gravitational waves as well as the effect of massive neutrinos on structure formation in the late universe. The SPT-3G receiver will achieve exceptional sensitivity through a focal plane of ~16,000 transition-edge sensor bolometers, an order of magnitude more than the current SPTpol receiver. SPT-3G uses a frequency domain multiplexing (fMux) scheme to read out the focal plane, combining the signals from 64 bolometers onto a single pair of wires. The fMux readout facilitates the large number of detectors in the SPT-3G focal plane by limiting the thermal load due to readout wiring on the 250 millikelvin cryogenic stage. A second advantage of the fMux system is that the operation of each bolometer can be optimized. In addition to these benefits, the fMux readout introduces new challenges into the design and operation of the receiver. The bolometers are operated at a range of frequencies up to 5 MHz, requiring control of stray reactances over a large bandwidth. Additionally, crosstalk between multiplexed detectors will inject large false signals into the data if not adequately mitigated. SPT-3G is scheduled to deploy to the South Pole Telescope in late 2016. Here, we present the pre-deployment performance of the fMux readout system with the SPT-3G focal plane.
Published: 2016

22. Large arrays of dual-polarized multichroic TES detectors for CMB measurements with the SPT-3G receiver

Author: Kam Arnold, Ki Won Yoon, M. Korman, Amy N. Bender, Liliana Stan, Peter A. R. Ade, K. T. Story, N. L. Harrington, H. Nguyen, D. Dutcher, Q. Y. Tang, Aritoki Suzuki, Bradford Benson, Jessica Avva, K. Vanderlinde, Benjamin Saliwanchik, Matt Dobbs, David A. Czaplewski, Antony A. Stark, Andrew Nadolski, J. E. Ruhl, Nathan Whitehorn, Carole Tucker, Stephen Padin, C. L. Chang, Volodymyr Yefremenko, Ralu Divan, Sergi Lendinez Escudero, Lindsey Bleem, Oliver Jeong, J. T. Sayre, Erik Shirokoff, Jamil A. Shariff, Tijmen de Haan, John E. Pearson, Jason E. Austermann, Faustin Carter, John E. Carlstrom, Zeeshan Ahmed, Ritoban Basu Thakur, T. Natoli, Trupti Khaire, Junjia Ding, Gene C. Hilton, C. M. Posada, Joshua Montgomery, Chao-Lin Kuo, Erik M. Leitch, N. Huang, Keith L. Thompson, Adrian T. Lee, Valentyn Novosad, Christian L. Reichardt, Robert J. Guyser, Joaquin Vieira, Jason W. Henning, Z. Pan, Kaori Hattori, Ari Cukierman, J. A. Sobrin, N. W. Halverson, Gensheng Wang, Alexandra S. Rahlin, Karen Byrum, R. N. Gannon, S. S. Meyer, C. S. Miller, I. Shirley, Kent D. Irwin, Hsiao-Mei Cho, W. L. Holzapfel, Donna Kubik, Adam Anderson, and W. B. Everett
Subjects: 010302 applied physics, Physics, business.industry, Bolometer, Cosmic microwave background, Detector, Spectral bands, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Cardinal point, Optics, South Pole Telescope, law, 0103 physical sciences, Antenna (radio), 010306 general physics, Telecommunications, business, Microfabrication
Abstract: Detectors for cosmic microwave background (CMB) experiments are now essentially background limited, so a straightforward alternative to improve sensitivity is to increase the number of detectors. Large arrays of multichroic pixels constitute an economical approach to increasing the number of detectors within a given focal plane area. Here, we present the fabrication of large arrays of dual-polarized multichroic transition-edge-sensor (TES) bolometers for the South Pole Telescope third-generation CMB receiver (SPT-3G). The complete SPT-3G receiver will have 2690 pixels, each with six detectors, allowing for individual measurement of three spectral bands (centered at 95 GHz, 150 GHz and 220 GHz) in two orthogonal polarizations. In total, the SPT-3G focal plane will have 16140 detectors. Each pixel is comprised of a broad-band sinuous antenna coupled to a niobium microstrip transmission line. In-line filters are used to define the different band-passes before the millimeter-wavelength signal is fed to the respective Ti/Au TES sensors. Detectors are read out using a 64x frequency domain multiplexing (fMux) scheme. The microfabrication of the SPT-3G detector arrays involves a total of 18 processes, including 13 lithography steps. Together with the fabrication process, the effect of processing on the Ti/Au TES’s Tc is discussed. In addition, detectors fabricated with Ti/Au TES films with Tc between 400 mK 560 mK are presented and their thermal characteristics are evaluated. Optical characterization of the arrays is presented as well, indicating that the response of the detectors is in good agreement with the design values for all three spectral bands (95 GHz, 150 GHz, and 220 GHz). The measured optical efficiency of the detectors is between 0.3 and 0.8. Results discussed here are extracted from a batch of research of development wafers used to develop the baseline process for the fabrication of the arrays of detectors to be deployed with the SPT-3G receiver. Results from these research and development wafers have been incorporated into the fabrication process to get the baseline fabrication process presented here. SPT-3G is scheduled to deploy to the South Pole Telescope in late 2016.
Published: 2016

23. A search for brief optical flashes associated with the seti target kic 8462852

Author: M. Buchovecky, Q. Feng, J. Grube, I. Telezhinsky, Jamie Holder, S. O'Brien, P. T. Reynolds, A. McCann, P. Fortin, Ralph Bird, Hugh Dickinson, Wystan Benbow, Anushka Udara Abeysekara, S. Archambault, Reshmi Mukherjee, A. Archer, D. Staszak, Martin Pohl, A. N. Otte, K. Meagher, S. McArthur, E. Pueschel, Maria Krause, O. M. Weiner, D. J. Fegan, Karen Byrum, J. D. Eisch, Abraham D. Falcone, Daniel Nieto, A. Weinstein, Karlen Shahinyan, S. Vincent, G. H. Gillanders, N. H. Park, D. S. Hanna, L. Ciupik, David A. Williams, N. Håkansson, Henrike Fleischhack, P. Kaaret, J. V. Cardenzana, J. V. Tucci, M. J. Lang, Moritz Hütten, Gernot Maier, John L. Quinn, N. Kelley-Hoskins, C. A. Johnson, K. Ragan, Geza Gyuk, Lucy Fortson, S. P. Wakely, R. A. Ong, David Kieda, F. Krennrich, Sinéad M. Griffin, J. Tyler, Matteo Cerruti, J. H. Buckley, Amy Furniss, Gordon T. Richards, E. Roache, P. Moriarty, J. P. Finley, G. Ratliff, Xuhui Chen, J. S. Perkins, Jodi Christiansen, T. B. Humensky, G. H. Sembroski, B. Zitzer, Manel Errando, S. Kumar, T. T.Y. Lin, A. Popkow, M. Kertzman, A. O'Faolain de Bhroithe, Wei Cui, A. Petrashyk, P. Kar, Marcos Santander, and ~
Subjects: stars, Photon, spectra, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, astrobiology, FOS: Physical sciences, system, 01 natural sciences, oseti, extraterrestrial intelligence, law.invention, Telescope, Physics::Popular Physics, techniques: photometric, Observatory, law, veritas, 0103 physical sciences, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Pulse intensity, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR), Cherenkov radiation, Search for extraterrestrial intelligence, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, bursts, Extraterrestrial intelligence, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, telescopes, stars: individual ( kic 8462852), Stars, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Space and Planetary Science, ddc:520, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, methods: observational, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: The astrophysical journal / 2 818(2), L33(2016). doi:10.3847/2041-8205/818/2/L33, The F-type star KIC 8462852 has recently been identified as an exceptional target for search for extraterrestrial intelligence (SETI) observations. We describe an analysis methodology for optical SETI, which we have used to analyze nine hours of serendipitous archival observations of KIC 8462852 made with the VERITAS gamma-ray observatory between 2009 and 2015. No evidence of pulsed optical beacons, above a pulse intensity at the Earth of approximately $1\;\mathrm{photon}\;{{\rm{m}}}^{-2}$, is found. We also discuss the potential use of imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescope arrays in searching for extremely short duration optical transients in general., Published by Institute of Physics Publ., London
Published: 2016

24. MCP-based Photodetectors for Cryogenic Applications

Author: Ranjan Dharmapalan, Marcel Demarteau, Dean Walters, Jing Wang, Junqi Xie, Anil U. Mane, Edward May, Huyue Zhao, Lei Xia, Robert Wagner, Karen Byrum, and Jeffrey W. Elam
Subjects: 010302 applied physics, Photomultiplier, Materials science, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Detector, Photodetector, FOS: Physical sciences, Cryogenics, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Wavelength shifter, 01 natural sciences, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Wavelength, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Optics, 0103 physical sciences, Liquid argon, High Energy Physics::Experiment, business, Instrumentation, Image resolution, Mathematical Physics
Abstract: The Argonne MCP-based photo detector is an offshoot of the Large Area Pico-second Photo Detector (LAPPD) project, wherein 6 cm × 6 cm sized detectors are made at Argonne National Laboratory. We have successfully built and tested our first detectors for pico-second timing and few mm spatial resolution. We discuss our efforts to customize these detectors to operate in a cryogenic environment. Initial plans aim to operate in liquid argon. We are also exploring ways to mitigate wave length shifting requirements and also developing bare-MCP photodetectors to operate in a gaseous cryogenic environment.
Published: 2016

25. VERITAS and multiwavelength observations of the BL Lacertae object 1ES 1741+196

Author: J. V. Cardenzana, J. Biteau, C. A. Johnson, A. McCann, N. Kelley-Hoskins, K. Reynolds, R. A. Ong, Sinéad M. Griffin, D. Petry, D. S. Hanna, A. N. Otte, M. P. Connolly, Lucy Fortson, P. Kaaret, S. McArthur, V. Bugaev, J. Tyler, E. Roache, J. P. Finley, David Kieda, J. H. Buckley, B. Zitzer, A. Archer, F. Krennrich, G. H. Gillanders, J. Grube, G. Ratliff, Wystan Benbow, Manel Errando, A. Flinders, M. J. Lang, Xuhui Chen, Q. Feng, Abraham D. Falcone, Karlen Shahinyan, A. Popkow, E. Pueschel, Maria Krause, M. Huetten, O. M. Weiner, M. Kertzman, M. Buchovecky, A. O'Faolain de Bhroithe, Karen Byrum, J. D. Eisch, A. Weinstein, K. Meagher, Henrike Fleischhack, A. W. Smith, T. B. Humensky, S. Archambault, Martin Pohl, Gordon T. Richards, Geza Gyuk, P. Fortin, Marcos Santander, J. Dumm, Ralph Bird, Jodi Christiansen, John L. Quinn, P. T. Reynolds, C. B. Rulten, Matteo Cerruti, Amy Furniss, P. Moriarty, Daniel Nieto, L. Ciupik, K. Ragan, A. Wilhelm, S. Vincent, Hugh Dickinson, N. H. Park, S. O'Brien, J. V. Tucci, Gernot Maier, S. P. Wakely, R. Mukherjee, Anushka Udara Abeysekara, V. Pelassa, A. Petrashyk, P. Kar, G. H. Sembroski, David A. Williams, D. Staszak, I. Telezhinsky, Jamie Holder, L. C. Reyes, and Wei Cui
Subjects: Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Flux, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, telescope, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Telescope, swift, law, gamma-ray astronomy, 0103 physical sciences, Blazar, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, relativistic processes, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, Spectral index, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, tev blazars, Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Gamma-ray astronomy, source catalog, lac objects, spectral energy-distributions, Crab Nebula, x-ray, Space and Planetary Science, astroparticle physics, Spectral energy distribution, ddc:520, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, fermi, galaxies: individual: 1es 1741+196=ver j1744+195, discovery, BL Lac object
Abstract: Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 459(3), 2550 - 2557 (2016). doi:10.1093/mnras/stw664, We present results from multiwavelength observations of the BL Lacertae object 1ES 1741 + 196, including results in the very high energy γ-ray regime using the Very Energetic Radiation Imaging Telescope Array System (VERITAS). The VERITAS time-averaged spectrum, measured above 180 GeV, is well modelled by a power law with a spectral index of 2.7 ± 0.7$_{stat}$ ± 0.2syst. The integral flux above 180 GeV is (3.9 ± 0.8$_{stat}$ ± 1.0$_{syst}$) × 10$^{−8}$ m$^{−2}$ s$^{−1}$, corresponding to 1.6 per cent of the Crab nebula flux on average. The multiwavelength spectral energy distribution of the source suggests that 1ES 1741+196 is an extreme-high-frequency-peaked BL Lacertae object. The observations analysed in this paper extend over a period of six years, during which time no strong flares were observed in any band. This analysis is therefore one of the few characterizations of a blazar in a non-flaring state., Published by Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford
Published: 2016
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26. TeV Gamma-ray Observations of The Galactic Center Ridge By VERITAS

Author: Julien Rousselle, V. V. Vassiliev, J. V. Tucci, A. Furniss, Avery Archer, S. P. Wakely, T. B. Humensky, M. J. Lang, Maria Krause, Wystan Benbow, A. Popkow, J. Tyler, P. Kaaret, K. Ragan, Lucy Fortson, A. Flinders, J. H. Buckley, B. Zitzer, M. Kertzman, John L. Quinn, N. Håkansson, S. McArthur, Martin Pohl, Marcos Santander, E. Roache, P. T. Reynolds, Matteo Cerruti, Geza Gyuk, J. V. Cardenzana, D. A. Williams, K. Meagher, G. Ratliff, S. Griffin, Abraham D. Falcone, Karlen Shahinyan, C. A. Johnson, H. Fleischhack, M. Buchovecky, Sanjay Kumar, E. Collins-Hughes, J. Millis, David Kieda, F. Krennrich, Ralph Bird, A. McCann, D. S. Hanna, Q. Feng, N. H. Park, J. P. Finley, V. Bugaev, I. Telezhinsky, Karen Byrum, Jamie Holder, A. Weinstein, O. M. Weiner, N. Kelley-Hoskins, A. Wilhelm, R. A. Ong, M. P. Connolly, Xian Chen, J. Eisch, G. H. Sembroski, R. Mukherjee, L. Ciupik, V. Pelassa, Farhad Yusef-Zadeh, M. Hütten, P. Kar, G. H. Gillanders, J. Grube, Daniel Nieto, D. Staszak, P. Moriarty, E. Pueschel, A. W. Smith, and Gordon T. Richards
Subjects: galaxy: center, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, molecular clouds, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, telescope, 01 natural sciences, supernovae: individual (g0.9+0.1), 0103 physical sciences, emission, center region, chandra observations, Supernova remnant, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Supermassive black hole, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Molecular cloud, Galactic Center, Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Astronomy and Astrophysics, gamma rays: general, Galactic plane, Galaxy, Black hole, Supernova, Space and Planetary Science, sagittarius b2 cloud, ddc:520, High Energy Physics::Experiment, high-energy, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, sgr-a-asterisk, stellar clusters, center black-hole
Abstract: The astrophysical journal 821(2), 129 (2016). doi:10.3847/0004-637X/821/2/129, The Galactic Center ridge has been observed extensively in the past by both GeV and TeV gamma-ray instrumentsrevealing a wealth of structure, including a diffuse component and the point sources G0.9+0.1 (a compositesupernova remnant) and Sgr A*(believed to be associated with the supermassive black hole located at the center of our Galaxy). Previous very high energy (VHE) gamma-ray observations with the H.E.S.S. experiment have also detected an extended TeV gamma-ray component along the Galactic plane in the > 300 GeV gamma-ray regime. Here we report on observations of the Galactic Center ridge from 2010 to 2014 by the VERITAS telescope array in the > 2 TeV energy range. From these observations we (1) provide improved measurements of the differential energy spectrum for Sgr A* in the > 2 TeV gamma-ray regime, (2) provide a detection in the > 2 TeV gamma-ray emission from the composite SNR G0.9+0.1 and an improved determination of its multi-TeV gamma-ray energy spectrum, and (3) report on the detection of VER J1746-289, a localized enhancement of > 2 TeV gamma-rayemission along the Galactic plane., Published by Univ.11032, Chicago, Ill. [u.a.]
Published: 2016
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27. The track imaging Cherenkov experiment

Author: Simon P. Swordy, Karen Byrum, S. Magill, D. Horan, E. Kovacs, S. P. Wakely, David Kieda, J. D. Cunningham, L. Nodulman, Gary Drake, Stephanie Wissel, Rick Wagner, and E. Hays
Subjects: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Photomultiplier, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Cherenkov detector, business.industry, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Track Imaging Cherenkov Experiment, FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmic ray, Fresnel lens, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, law.invention, Telescope, Optics, Air shower, law, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, business, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Instrumentation, Cherenkov radiation
Abstract: We describe a dedicated cosmic-ray telescope that explores a new method for detecting Cerenkov radiation from high-energy primary cosmic rays and the large particle air shower they induce upon entering the atmosphere. Using a camera comprising 16 multi-anode photomultiplier tubes for a total of 256 pixels, the Track Imaging Cerenkov Experiment (TrICE) resolves substructures in particle air showers with 0.086 degree resolution. Cerenkov radiation is imaged using a novel two-part optical system in which a Fresnel lens provides a wide-field optical trigger and a mirror system collects delayed light with four times the magnification. TrICE records well-resolved cosmic-ray air showers at rates ranging between 0.01-0.1 Hz., Comment: 18 pages, 10 figures
Published: 2011

28. Tests of timing properties of silicon photomultipliers

Author: E. J. Ramberg, S. Los, Edward May, M. Demarteau, A. Ronzhin, M. G. Albrow, J. Va’vra, Karen Byrum, and A. Zatserklyaniy
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Photomultiplier, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, business.industry, Photodetector, Biasing, Laser, law.invention, Time of flight, Optics, Silicon photomultiplier, law, Picosecond, business, Instrumentation, Cherenkov radiation
Abstract: Timing measurements of Silicon Photomultipliers (SiPM) [1] and [2] at the picosecond level were performed at Fermilab. The core timing resolution of the electronic measurement technique is approximately 2 ps. The single photoelectron time resolution (SPTR) was measured for the signals coming from the SiPM's. A SPTR of about one hundred picoseconds was obtained for SiPM's illuminated by laser pulses. The dependence of the SPTR on applied bias voltage and on the wavelength of the light was measured. A simple model is proposed to explain the difference in the SPTR for blue and red light. A time of flight system based on the SiPM's, with quartz Cherenkov radiators, was tested in a proton beam at Fermilab. The time resolution obtained is 35 ps per SiPM. Finally, requirements for the SiPM's temperature and bias voltage stability to maintain the time resolution are discussed.
Published: 2010

29. Position Sensing Using Pico-Second Timing With Micro-Channel Plate Devices and Waveform Sampling

Author: T. Natoli, Fukun Tang, Karen Byrum, Henry J. Frisch, Edward May, Mary K. Heintz, Eugene Yurtsev, and Jean-Francois Genat
Subjects: Coupling, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Signal processing, Materials science, business.industry, Bandwidth (signal processing), Sampling (statistics), Electric power transmission, Optics, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Nuclear electronics, Electronic engineering, Microchannel plate detector, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Photonics, business
Abstract: Micro-Channel Plate devices (MCP) provide fast signals with rise-times in the 100 ps range, allowing a measurement of the time-of-arrival of light pulses with a few pico-seconds accuracy using either constant fraction discrimination followed by time-to-digital conversion, or waveform sampling processed after digitization. The coupling of the MCP anode plane to 50 Ω transmission lines allows both a precise time measurement and additionally the potential for a position measurement with an accuracy of a few hundred microns for large-area devices. We present position measurement results obtained with MCPs from Photonis, 10-cm transmission lines, and a calibrated laser source followed by sampling and digitization, and waveform analysis. A detailed simulation of the transmission lines is presented. We compare the measured position resolution for two identical setups but with MCPs of different pore diameters: 25 and 10 microns. Simulation results are also presented for transmission lines up to 1-m in length.
Published: 2010

30. Beam test of a Time-of-Flight detector prototype

Author: T. Natoli, D. W. G. S. Leith, Karen Byrum, J. Va’vra, E. J. Ramberg, A. Ronzhin, Camden Ertley, M. G. Albrow, B. N. Ratcliff, and Edward May
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Photomultiplier, Time of flight detector, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, business.industry, Detector, Particle accelerator, law.invention, Optics, law, Physics::Accelerator Physics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Microchannel plate detector, Fermilab, business, Instrumentation, Cherenkov radiation, Beam (structure)
Abstract: We report on results of a Time-of-Flight, TOF, counter prototype in beam tests at SLAC and Fermilab. Using two identical 64-pixel Photonis Microchannel Plate Photomultipliers, MCP-PMTs, to provide start and stop signals, each having a 1 cm-long quartz Cherenkov radiator, we have achieved a timing resolution of {sigma}{sub Single{_}detector} {approx} 14 ps.
Published: 2009

31. Development of Picosecond-Resolution Large-Area Time-of-Flight Systems

Author: H. Sanders, Henry J. Frisch, Camden Ertley, G. Drake, Fukun Tang, John S. Anderson, J.-F. Genat, and Karen Byrum
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Photomultiplier, business.industry, Detector, Ray, Signal, Time of flight, Optics, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Picosecond, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, business, Cherenkov radiation, Computer Automated Measurement and Control
Abstract: The measurement of time-of-flight (TOF) of relativistic particles in high-energy colliders with picosecond resolution would qualitatively change the ability to identify underlying parton-level processes at future colliders or upgrades of existing detectors. We have measured the timing properties of three micro-channel plate photo-multiplier tubes (MCPPMTs) from Photonis; one with 1024 anodes and the other two with 64 anodes. The 1024-anode 10-micron pore tube uses a charge-collection scheme at the anode to provide equal arrival time of the signal independent of the hit position of incident light on the face of the tube. The two 64-anode 25-micron pore tubes have a commercially available collection scheme and were used to find a limit on the timing resolution. We have performed these measurements using a newly assembled test-stand based on a Hamamatsu PLP-10 picosecond laser and a commercial CAMAC readout electronics system. We present these results and compare timing properties to earlier versions of the charge collection scheme.
Published: 2009

32. First results from VERITAS

Author: M. K. Daniel, F. Krennrich, A. Syson, L. Ciupik, S. P. Wakely, Abraham D. Falcone, F. Pizlo, G. H. Sembroski, Daniel Gall, R. A. Ong, H. Manseri, A. McCann, B. Zitzer, D. J. Fegan, S. J. Fegan, D. Steele, J. E. Ward, S. LeBohec, A. Cesarini, J. Hall, Y. C. K. Chow, S. M. Bradbury, Simon P. Swordy, M. Kertzman, John L. Quinn, D. Pandel, Martin Pohl, Henric Krawczynski, K. G. Gibbs, O. Celik, R. J. White, John Toner, J. S. Perkins, Yousaf M. Butt, V. V. Vassiliev, Pierre Colin, V. Bugaev, V. A. Acciari, S. B. Hughes, G. Blaylock, R. Guenette, G. H. Gillanders, Jacek Niemiec, H. M. Badran, R. G. Wagner, P. T. Reynolds, T. Nagai, P. A. Ogden, E. Hays, R. Amini, Geza Gyuk, O. J. Glidewell, D. Horan, Paul Dowkontt, Tulun Ergin, Reshmi Mukherjee, J. Millis, P. Moriarty, P. Fortin, H. J. Rose, Wei Cui, C. M. Hui, A. Konopelko, K. Lee, D. S. Hanna, L. Valcarcel, Lucy Fortson, Matthew Wood, C. Dowdall, M. McCutcheon, A. Imran, John Kildea, J. H. Buckley, M. J. Lang, J. P. Finley, C. Duke, A. W. Smith, E. Roache, T. C. Weekes, Stephanie Wissel, Amanda Weinstein, P. Cogan, Thomas Brian Humensky, K. Ragan, Karen Byrum, M. Schroedter, David Kieda, David A. Williams, J. Grube, Jamie Holder, G. E. Kenny, and P. Kaaret
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Active galactic nucleus, Sky, media_common.quotation_subject, Astronomy, Gamma-ray astronomy, Astrophysics, Blazar, Instrumentation, Galaxy, Cherenkov radiation, media_common
Abstract: VERITAS is an array of four, 12-m-diameter, Cherenkov telescopes, designed to explore the very-high-energy gamma-ray sky in the energy band between 100 GeV and 50 TeV. Its construction and commissioning have occurred over the past two years and the array has been taking scientific data with three or more telescopes since November 2006. We present results from observations made with VERITAS during the past observing season, including new results on the distant blazar 1ES 1218 + 304 , the active galaxy M87 and the high-mass X-ray binary system LS I + 61 303. We also describe the plans in place for the coming observing seasons.
Published: 2008

33. Status report from VERITAS

Author: Jamie Holder, I. Jung, M. J. Lang, Gernot Maier, S. P. Wakely, R. G. Wagner, D. A. Carter-Lewis, D. Steele, J. S. Perkins, P. Cogan, M. K. Daniel, Henric Krawczynski, David Kieda, E. Hays, John Kildea, Tulun Ergin, G. H. Gillanders, P. Kaaret, K G Gutierrez, A. J.R. Weinstein, Wei Cui, P Fortin, D. Horan, L. Valcarcel, G. E. Kenny, Thomas Brian Humensky, S. P. Swordy, C. Dowdall, David A. Williams, A. D. Falcone, S. J. Fegan, Karen Byrum, Stephanie Wissel, M. Schroedter, Lucy Fortson, S. M. Bradbury, V. V. Vassiliev, F. Pizlo, A. Konopelko, D. S. Hanna, A. Imran, John L. Quinn, G. H. Sembroski, K. G. Gibbs, H. J. Rose, J. H. Buckley, F. Krennrich, S. B. Hughes, Omer Celik, J. A. Toner, G. Blaylock, T. C. Weekes, T. Nagai, P. Moriarty, R. J. White, J. Grube, A. W. Smith, C. Duke, R. A. Ong, S. LeBohec, and J. Millis
Subjects: Physics, History, Observatory, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astronomy, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Astrophysics, Status report, Computer Science Applications, Education
Abstract: VERITAS is a ground-based gamma-ray observatory covering energies between 100 GeV and 50 TeV and will start operating by January 2007. We give a brief report of the construction status and performance characteristics of the telescopes.
Published: 2007

34. Very High Energy Observations of Gamma‐Ray Burst Locations with the Whipple Telescope

Author: M. Schroedter, P. Cogan, J. Grube, R. W. Atkins, Vladimir Vassiliev, Y. C. K. Chow, M. K. Daniel, Karen Byrum, Gernot Maier, P. Fortin, A. D. Falcone, David Kieda, S. P. Wakely, John Kildea, H. Krawczynski, I. de la Calle Perez, Stephan LeBohec, S. P. Swordy, Jeremy Perkins, H. J. Rose, R. A. Ong, J. H. Buckley, R. J. White, K. Ragan, S. J. Fegan, D. Steele, P. T. Reynolds, M. Kertzman, M. J. Lang, Lucy Fortson, S. B. Hughes, R. G. Wagner, G. H. Sembroski, Thomas Brian Humensky, J. Hall, Jamie Holder, S. M. Bradbury, D. J. Fegan, P. Moriarty, John L. Quinn, G. Blaylock, J. P. Finley, T. C. Weekes, K. J. Gutierrez, D. Horan, T. N. Nagai, D. Petry, G. H. Gillanders, Frank Krennrich, C. Dowdall, O. Celik, D. S. Hanna, D. A. Williams, G. E. Kenny, H. M. Badran, John Toner, Wei Cui, L. Valcarcel, and Mark N. Quinn
Subjects: Physics, gamma rays : bursts, gamma rays : observations, Astronomy & Astrophysics, High energy, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics (astro-ph), FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Afterglow, law.invention, Telescope, compton emission, refreshed shocks, external matter, light-curve, afterglows, tev, models, flares, discovery, search, Space and Planetary Science, Observatory, law, Spectral energy distribution, Blazar, Gamma-ray burst, Flare
Abstract: Gamma-ray burst (GRB) observations at very high energies (VHE, E > 100 GeV) can impose tight constraints on some GRB emission models. Many GRB afterglow models predict a VHE component similar to that seen in blazars and plerions, in which the GRB spectral energy distribution has a double-peaked shape extending into the VHE regime. VHE emission coincident with delayed X-ray flare emission has also been predicted. GRB follow-up observations have had high priority in the observing program at the Whipple 10m Gamma-ray Telescope and GRBs will continue to be high priority targets as the next generation observatory, VERITAS, comes on-line. Upper limits on the VHE emission, at late times (>~4 hours), from seven GRBs observed with the Whipple Telescope are reported here., Accepted for publication in the January 20, 2007 volume of the Astrophysical Journal, 655, 396
Published: 2007

35. Toward the construction of a medium size prototype Schwarzschild-Couder telescope for CTA

Author: I. Mognet, Valerie Connaughton, Reshmi Mukherjee, P. A. Jenke, Julien Rousselle, David Kieda, Vladimir Vassiliev, Paul K. L. Yu, Manel Errando, Daniel Nieto, Karen Byrum, P. Kaaret, S. T. Griffiths, Akira Okumura, Michele Limon, R. A. Cameron, B. Stevenson, T. B. Humensky, Daniela Maria Ribeiro, V. J. Guarino, A. Petrashyk, and A. Peck
Subjects: Physics, business.industry, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astronomy, IACT, Gamma-ray astronomy, Cherenkov Telescope Array, law.invention, Telescope, Primary mirror, Optics, Observatory, law, Angular resolution, business, Cherenkov radiation
Abstract: The construction of a prototype Schwarzschild-Couder telescope (pSCT) started in early June 2015 at the Fred Lawrence Whipple Observatory in Southern Arizona, as a candidate medium-sized telescope for the Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA). Compared to current Davies-Cotton telescopes, this novel instrument with an aplanatic two-mirror optical system will offer a wider field-of-view and improved angular resolution. In addition, the reduced plate scale of the camera allows the use of highly-integrated photon detectors such as silicon photo multipliers. As part of CTA, this design has the potential to greatly improve the performance of the next generation ground-based observatory for very high-energy (E>60 GeV) gamma-ray astronomy. In this contribution we present the design and performance of both optical and alignment systems of the pSCT.
Published: 2015

36. Large Area Microchannel Plates for LAPPD™

Author: Michael E. Stochaj, Joseph M. Renaud, Aileen O'Mahony, A. Elagin, C. A. Craven, R. Northrop, Karen Byrum, Michael J. Minot, M. Wetstein, A. Mane, Oswald H. W. Siegmund, Robert Wagner, Jeffrey W. Elam, Justin L. Bond, Jason B. McPhate, Henry J. Frisch, and Daniel C. Bennis
Subjects: Resistive touchscreen, Materials science, Microchannel, business.industry, Photodetector, Nanotechnology, engineering.material, Isotropic etching, Atomic layer deposition, Coating, engineering, Optoelectronics, Wafer, business, Dark current
Abstract: Manufacturing plans for “next generation” microchannel plates (MCPs) and the technical advantages enabled by this evolving technology are presented. The Large Area Picosecond Photodetector (LAPPD) is an MCP based photodetector, capable of imaging, with high spatial and temporal resolution in a hermetic package with an active area of 400 square centimeters. A key component of LAPPD is a chevron pair of large area (20 x 20 cm) MCPs. The manufacture of these large-area high performance MCPs has been enabled by the convergence of two technological breakthroughs. The first is the ability to produce large blocks of hollow, micronsized glass capillary arrays (GCAs) developed by Incom Inc. The Incom process is based on the use of an etchless “hollow-core” approach in the glass drawing process, eliminating the need to remove core material by chemical etching. The arrays are fabricated as large blocks that can be sliced to form large area wafers, without regard to the conventional limits of L/d (capillary length / pore diameter). Moreover, the glass used in these GCAs is physically more robust, does not have a tendency to warp, and has low levels of radioactive isotopes resulting in low dark noise. The second breakthrough is the advent of atomic layer deposition (ALD) coating methods and materials to functionalize GCAs to impart the necessary resistive and secondary emission properties suitable for large area detector applications. Recent results demonstrating the high performance, uniformity, and long term stability of the current MCP product are presented.
Published: 2015

37. Development of a Small Form Factor (6cm x 6cm) Picosecond Photodetector as a Path Towards the Commercialization of 20cm x 20cm Large Area Pico-second Photodetector Devices with Incom Inc

Author: Karen Byrum and Junqi Xie
Subjects: Materials science, business.industry, Picosecond, Path (graph theory), Optoelectronics, Photodetector, business, Commercialization, Small form factor
Published: 2015

38. VERITAS Observations of the BL Lac Object PG 1553+113

Author: D. Staszak, K. Ragan, S. McArthur, E. Aliu, A. Varlotta, J. Tyler, I. Telezhinsky, J. H. Buckley, B. Zitzer, Jamie Holder, L. C. Reyes, A. Archer, Matteo Cerruti, Hugh Dickinson, Amy Furniss, L. Ciupik, David A. Williams, D. S. Hanna, J. Grube, Manel Errando, A. N. Otte, Karen Byrum, Martin Pohl, A. O'Faolain de Bhroithe, J. D. Eisch, Geza Gyuk, M. P. Connolly, H. Prokoph, S. Kumar, A. Weinstein, J. Dumm, J. V. Tucci, J. P. Finley, P. Moriarty, G. Hughes, A. McCann, K. Meagher, G. H. Gillanders, Jean-Francois Rajotte, S. P. Wakely, Vladimir Vassiliev, Wystan Benbow, K. Berger, N. Galante, E. Pueschel, T. B. Humensky, David Kieda, Henric Krawczynski, A. S Madhavan, N. Håkansson, Gordon T. Richards, E. Roache, Sinéad M. Griffin, Anna Barnacka, Frank Krennrich, Xuhui Chen, B. Behera, P. Kaaret, J. V. Cardenzana, Daniel Nieto, A. Wilhelm, R. A. Ong, M. Kertzman, A. Popkow, C. A. Johnson, Lucy Fortson, S. T. Griffiths, N. H. Park, J. Millis, Q. Feng, S. Federici, Matthias Beilicke, V. Bugaev, Wei Cui, T. Aune, P. T. Reynolds, G. H. Sembroski, R. Welsing, Matthew R. Orr, J. S. Perkins, Y. Khassen, P. Kar, P. Fortin, Ralph Bird, M. J. Lang, John L. Quinn, Abraham D. Falcone, Karlen Shahinyan, and ~
Subjects: extragalactic background light, spectra, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, blazars, pg-1553+113, FOS: Physical sciences, Flux, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, telescope, 10. No inequality, Blazar, optical spectroscopy, bl lacertae objects: general, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, Spectral index, model, Gamma rays, Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Astronomy and Astrophysics, gamma-rays, Redshift, radiation, Crab Nebula, Pair production, Extragalactic background light, Space and Planetary Science, ddc:520, lacertae objects, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, BL Lac object
Abstract: We present results from VERITAS observations of the BL Lac object PG 1553+113 spanning the years 2010, 2011, and 2012. The time-averaged spectrum, measured between 160 and 560\,GeV, is well described by a power law with a spectral index of $4.33 \pm 0.09$. The time-averaged integral flux above $200\,$GeV measured for this period was $(1.69 \pm 0.06) \times 10^{-11} \, \mathrm{ph} \, \mathrm{cm}^{-2} \, \mathrm{s}^{-1}$, corresponding to 6.9\% of the Crab Nebula flux. We also present the combined $\gamma$-ray spectrum from the Fermi Large Area Telescope and VERITAS covering an energy range from 100~MeV to 560~GeV. The data are well fit by a power law with an exponential cutoff at $\rm {101.9 \pm 3.2 \, \mathrm{GeV}} $. The origin of the cutoff could be intrinsic to PG~1553+113 or be due to the $\gamma$-ray opacity of our universe through pair production off the extragalactic background light (EBL). Given lower limits to the redshift of $\rm z \negthinspace > \negthinspace 0.395$ based on optical/UV observations of PG~1553+113, the cutoff would be dominated by EBL absorption. Conversely, the small statistical uncertainties of the VERITAS energy spectrum have allowed us to provide a robust upper limit on the redshift of PG 1553+113 of $z \negthinspace \leq \negthinspace 0.62$. A strongly-elevated mean flux of $(2.50 \pm 0.14) \times 10^{-11} \, \mathrm{ph} \, \mathrm{cm}^{-2} \, \mathrm{s}^{-1}$ (10.3\% of the Crab Nebula flux) was observed during 2012, with the daily flux reaching as high as $(4.44 \pm 0.71) \times 10^{-11} \, \mathrm{ph} \, \mathrm{cm}^{-2} \, \mathrm{s}^{-1}$ (18.3\% of the Crab Nebula flux) on MJD 56048. The light curve measured during the 2012 observing season is marginally inconsistent with a steady flux, giving a $\chi^2$ probability for a steady flux of 0.03\%., Comment: in press in ApJ, 2014
Published: 2014

39. Constraints on very high energy emission from grb 130427a

Author: P. Kaaret, S. McArthur, Wei Cui, J. Grube, Manel Errando, Q. Feng, H. Prokoph, R. Welsing, A. McCann, Geza Gyuk, J. V. Tucci, P. Fortin, Gernot Maier, Valerie Connaughton, L. Ciupik, O. M. Weiner, G. H. Sembroski, Péter Veres, K. Berger, S. Federici, A. Popkow, H. Fleischhack, J. H. Buckley, S. P. Wakely, Xuhui Chen, H. Krawczynski, I. Telezhinsky, Jamie Holder, M. J. Lang, A. Wilhelm, David Kieda, Anna Barnacka, A. S. Madhavan, K. Ragan, P. Moriarty, J. Tyler, A. Furniss, John L. Quinn, B. Zitzer, Wystan Benbow, G. H. Gillanders, E. Pueschel, Jonathan Biteau, A. Varlotta, N. Galante, Gareth Hughes, Frank Krennrich, Y. Khassen, T. B. Humensky, Julie McEnery, M. Kertzman, Jean-Francois Rajotte, A. W. Smith, Vladimir Vassiliev, A. O'Faolain de Bhroithe, Luis C. Reyes, J. V. Cardenzana, E. Roache, Gordon T. Richards, C. A. Johnson, N. Håkansson, David A. Williams, N. H. Park, Karen Byrum, M. Beilicke, Abraham D. Falcone, Karlen Shahinyan, J. D. Eisch, A. Weinstein, P. Kar, P. T. Reynolds, S. Vincent, Daniel Nieto, J. Millis, R. Mukherjee, Lucy Fortson, D. Staszak, Matteo Cerruti, Sylvia J. Zhu, Martin Pohl, K. Meagher, R. A. Ong, D. S. Hanna, V. Bugaev, S. T. Griffiths, J. S. Perkins, A. N. Otte, E. Aliu, T. Aune, S. Griffin, Hugh Dickinson, and J. P. Finley
Subjects: spectra, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, telescope, law.invention, Telescope, swift, Spitzer Space Telescope, law, component, tev, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, gamma-ray bursts, Gamma ray, GRB 130427A, Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Astronomy and Astrophysics, afterglows, Cherenkov Telescope Array, Redshift, gamma-ray burst: individual (grb 130427a), mission, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, ddc:520, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Gamma-ray burst, limits, Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope
Abstract: Prompt emission from the very fluent and nearby (z=0.34) gamma-ray burst GRB 130427A was detected by several orbiting telescopes and by ground-based, wide-field-of-view optical transient monitors. Apart from the intensity and proximity of this GRB, it is exceptional due to the extremely long-lived high-energy (100 MeV to 100 GeV) gamma-ray emission, which was detected by the Large Area Telescope on the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope for ~70 ks after the initial burst. The persistent, hard-spectrum, high-energy emission suggests that the highest-energy gamma rays may have been produced via synchrotron self-Compton processes though there is also evidence that the high-energy emission may instead be an extension of the synchrotron spectrum. VERITAS, a ground-based imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescope array, began follow-up observations of GRB 130427A ~71 ks (~20 hr) after the onset of the burst. The GRB was not detected with VERITAS; however, the high elevation of the observations, coupled with the low redshift of the GRB, make VERITAS a very sensitive probe of the emission from GRB 130427A for E > 100 GeV. The non-detection and consequent upper limit derived place constraints on the synchrotron self-Compton model of high-energy gamma-ray emission from this burst., 22 pages, 4 figures, 1 table
Published: 2014

40. The Shower Maximum Front-End Electronics for the CDF Upgrade

Author: C. Drennan, J.Y. Wu, A.A. Lindgren, G.W. Foster, W.N. Haberichter, J. Hoff, Lawrence Nodulman, S. Kuhlmann, J.L. Schlereth, J. Proudfoot, Karen Byrum, J. W. Dawson, Gary Drake, and A. Byon-Wagner
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, business.industry, Detector, Electrical engineering, Integrated circuit, law.invention, Data acquisition, Upgrade, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Application-specific integrated circuit, law, Nuclear electronics, Fermilab, Electronics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, business
Abstract: The CDF Shower Maximum Electronics is part of the upgraded data acquisition system for the CDF experiment at Fermilab. The system services five detector subsystems of the calorimeter, and accommodates the different properties and data processing requirements imposed by each of them. The electronics is built around a custom integrated circuit called the SMQIE, which produces floating-point data with no dead-time using a 7.6-MHz clock. The components of the system are described, along with the principles of operation for performing data acquisition, calibration, and diagnostics.
Published: 2002

41. Very-high energy observations of the galactic center region by veritas in 2010-2012

Author: W. Chen, J. P. Finley, A. N. Otte, M. P. Connolly, Daniel Nieto, Abraham D. Falcone, Karlen Shahinyan, Matteo Cerruti, Amy Furniss, A. Wilhelm, L. Ciupik, B. Zitzer, M. J. Lang, J. Grube, S. Kumar, Xuhui Chen, Sinéad M. Griffin, J. Tyler, A. O'Faolain de Bhroithe, E. Pueschel, J. H. Buckley, N. H. Park, R. A. Ong, M. Kertzman, John L. Quinn, P. Kaaret, J. V. Cardenzana, P. Moriarty, J. V. Tucci, Gernot Maier, C. A. Johnson, J. Biteau, S. Federici, Reshmi Mukherjee, Karen Byrum, J. D. Eisch, S. P. Wakely, A. Popkow, Ralph Bird, Martin Pohl, A. Weinstein, S. T. Griffiths, S. McArthur, J. Dumm, G. H. Sembroski, Q. Feng, J. S. Perkins, Anna Barnacka, N. Galante, A. Archer, R. Welsing, A. McCann, Wei Cui, Anna Zajczyk, David A. Williams, A. W. Smith, V. Bugaev, Gordon T. Richards, David Kieda, E. Roache, P. Kar, D. Staszak, K. Ragan, K. Meagher, Jean-Francois Rajotte, Matthias Beilicke, Lucy Fortson, K. Berger, Henric Krawczynski, I. Telezhinsky, Jamie Holder, L. C. Reyes, P. T. Reynolds, S. Vincent, Y. Khassen, Hugh Dickinson, D. S. Hanna, A. Varlotta, Wystan Benbow, G. Hughes, N. Håkansson, Henrike Fleischhack, H. Prokoph, and Geza Gyuk
Subjects: Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, galaxy: center, Dark matter, black hole physics, FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, molecular clouds, gamma-ray source, gamma rays: galaxies, emission, crab-nebula, Supernova remnant, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Astroparticle physics, Physics, Supermassive black hole, variability, Galactic Center, Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, source catalog, radiation mechanisms: non-thermal, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, methods: data analysis, Galaxy, dark-matter, Space and Planetary Science, astroparticle physics, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), ddc:520, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, sgr-a-asterisk, magic telescope, discovery, Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope
Abstract: The Galactic center is an interesting region for high-energy (0.1-100 GeV) and very-high-energy (E > 100 GeV) gamma-ray observations. Potential sources of GeV/TeV gamma-ray emission have been suggested, e.g., the accretion of matter onto the supermassive black hole, cosmic rays from a nearby supernova remnant (e.g. SgrA East), particle acceleration in a plerion, or the annihilation of dark matter particles. The Galactic center has been detected by EGRET and by Fermi/LAT in the MeV/GeV energy band. At TeV energies, the Galactic center was detected with moderate significance by the CANGAROO and Whipple 10 m telescopes and with high significance by H.E.S.S., MAGIC, and VERITAS. We present the results from three years of VERITAS observations conducted at large zenith angles resulting in a detection of the Galactic center on the level of 18 standard deviations at energies above ~2.5TeV. The energy spectrum is derived and is found to be compatible with hadronic, leptonic and hybrid emission models discussed in the literature. Future, more detailed measurements of the high-energy cutoff and better constraints on the high-energy flux variability will help to refine and/or disentangle the individual models., 15 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
Published: 2014

42. PSEC Fast Timing Test

Author: L. L. Ruckman, Camden Ertley, J.F. Genat, Fukun Tang, Scott Wilbur, Saclay, Dan Herbst, Christophe Royon, Henry Frsich, Erik Ramberg, G. S. Varner, Patrick Le Du, Anatoly Ronzhin, Michael Albrow, Irfu, Gary Drake, Karen Byrum, J. Va’vra, and J. T. Anderson
Subjects: business.industry, Computer science, business, Computer hardware, Test (assessment)
Published: 2013

43. Discovery of TeV Gamma-ray Emission Toward Supernova Remnant SNR G78.2+2.1

Author: M. Kertzman, A. O'Faolain de Bhroithe, M. Schroedter, Vikram V. Dwarkadas, S. Vincent, Wei Cui, M. J. Lang, S. Thibadeau, A. N. Otte, M. P. Connolly, A. McCann, R. Mukherjee, D. B. Saxon, N. H. Park, J. Millis, T. Aune, J. E. Ward, A. Cesarini, P. Moriarty, John L. Quinn, T. B. Humensky, A. Furniss, Frank Krennrich, A. S. Madhavan, G. Tešić, Gernot Maier, H. Prokoph, A. Varlotta, Wystan Benbow, S. P. Wakely, Eric V. Gotthelf, E. Roache, J. P. Finley, S. Archambault, H. J. Rose, R. A. Ong, Ralph Bird, G. H. Sembroski, P. Kaaret, Amanda Weinstein, Abraham D. Falcone, R. Welsing, Vladimir Vassiliev, L. Ciupik, T. C. Weekes, J. Grube, D. Gall, Geza Gyuk, K. Tsurusaki, S. Federici, Manel Errando, T. C. Arlen, J. H. Buckley, G. H. Gillanders, P. Majumdar, T. J. N. Nelson, S. McArthur, N. Galante, S. Godambe, Dirk Pandel, S. Griffin, G. Finnegan, C. Skole, C. Duke, David A. Williams, N. Karlsson, G. D. Şentürk, T. Weisgarber, H. Huan, E. Aliu, I. Telezhinsky, K. Lee, Jamie Holder, A. Popkow, J. Tyler, A. Bouvier, D. S. Hanna, V. Bugaev, J. S. Perkins, Martin Pohl, Q. Feng, J. Dumm, P. T. Reynolds, David Kieda, M. Theiling, Lucy Fortson, Karen Byrum, S. M. Bradbury, A. Cannon, E. Collins-Hughes, H. Krawczynski, M. Beilicke, M. Orr, G. Hughes, K. Ragan, B. Zitzer, J. Ruppel, R. Dickherber, Y. Khassen, and Luis C. Reyes
Subjects: catalog, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Hadron, Flux, FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, cosmic rays, Observatory, 0103 physical sciences, origin, Supernova remnant, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 2cg078+2, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, acceleration of particles, Physics, search, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), particle-acceleration, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, hess, Gamma ray, Institut für Physik und Astronomie, counterpart, Astronomy and Astrophysics, gamma rays: general, Particle acceleration, Crab Nebula, Space and Planetary Science, ism: supernova remnants, ddc:520, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, fermi
Abstract: We report the discovery of an unidentified, extended source of very-high-energy (VHE) gamma-ray emission, VER J2019+407, within the radio shell of the supernova remnant SNR G78.2+2.1, using 21.4 hours of data taken by the VERITAS gamma-ray observatory in 2009. These data confirm the preliminary indications of gamma-ray emission previously seen in a two-year (2007-2009) blind survey of the Cygnus region by VERITAS. VER J2019+407, which is detected at a post-trials significance of 7.5 standard deviations in the 2009 data, is localized to the northwestern rim of the remnant in a region of enhanced radio and X-ray emission. It has an intrinsic extent of 0.23^{\circ} \pm 0.03^{\circ} (stat)+0.04^{\circ}_{-0.02}^{\circ}(sys) and its spectrum is well-characterized by a differential power law (dN/dE = N_0 \times (E/TeV)^{-\Gamma}) with a photon index of {\Gamma} = 2.37 \pm 0.14 (stat) \pm 0.20 (sys) and a flux normalization of N0 = 1.5 \pm 0.2 (stat) \pm 0.4(sys) \times 10^-12 ph TeV^{-1} cm^{-2} s^{-1}. This yields an integral flux of 5.2 \pm 0.8 (stat) \pm 1.4 (sys) \times 10^-12 ph cm^{-2} s^{-1} above 320 GeV, corresponding to 3.7% of the Crab Nebula flux. We consider the relationship of the TeV gamma-ray emission with the GeV gamma-ray emission seen from SNR G78.2+2.1 as well as that seen from a nearby cocoon of freshly accelerated cosmic rays. Multiple scenarios are considered as possible origins for the TeV gamma-ray emission, including hadronic particle acceleration at the supernova remnant shock., Comment: 18 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
Published: 2013

44. Introducing the CTA concept

Author: A. Mathieu, R. G. Wagner, K. Panagiotidis, S Rosier Lees, Julien Rousselle, M. Gómez Berisso, Michela Uslenghi, Stephen Maxfield, R. C. Shellard, Ivica Puljak, T. Le Flour, Thomas Schanz, Tobias C. Walther, Juanan Aguilar, Pierre Colin, M. Chikawa, N. Fouque, Mosè Mariotti, G. Fontaine, Merja Tornikoski, V. Diez-Blanco, Enrico Giro, A. Krepps, G. Koss, J. M. Martin, Sergio Billotta, E. de Oña Wilhelmi, Keitaro Takahashi, S. Buson, P. Brook, S. Steiner, M. Dyrda, Joseph Silk, Sera Markoff, P. Lubinski, U. Schwanke, Sauvik Bhattacharyya, J. Ripken, T. Haubold, C. Zurbach, H. Wetteskind, R. Hermel, J. Darling, J. Nicolau-Kukliński, Konstancja Satalecka, M. Videla, Stefan Funk, P. Conconi, S. Bajtlik, Lukasz Stawarz, J. M. Paredes, K. Reitberger, Stefan Wagner, Teresa Mineo, David Kieda, G. Pareschi, Shigeto Kabuki, Makoto Sawada, Antonio Stamerra, Rodolfo Canestrari, N. Baby, G. Crimi, P. Kostka, J. Grube, R. Zanin, I. K. Kominis, L. Mc Comb, R. Sternberger, M. Fesquet, M. Tokarz, David Fink, Daniela Dorner, N. Hamer Heras, A. Moralejo Olaizola, M. de Naurois, Diego F. Torres, Claes Fransson, K. Nishijima, Yutaka Fujita, L. Fresnillo, B. García, R. Kossakowski, A. Masserot, H. von Gunten, Alkiviadis F. Bais, Ciro Bigongiari, A. Saggion, G. Papyan, I. Mrusek, K. Farakos, J. Michałowski, A. Franckowiak, Fernando Martinez, M. Doert, R. Wawrzaszek, Michele Doro, L. Sapozhnikov, Claudia Lavalley, D. Thuermann, A.A. Zdziarski, Cristina Knapic, Karen Byrum, N. Neyroud, Petr Schovanek, W. Domainko, D. Kastana, E. Birsin, Adrian Biland, F. Sánchez, Alexandre Marcowith, M. Errando, R. L. C. Starling, J. Schultze, A. Weinstein, B. B. Singh, Yassir Moudden, Jelena Aleksić, C. L. Naumann, V. Waegebaert, M. Shayduk, U. F. Katz, Gianpiero Tagliaferri, M. Schroedter, A. Vollhardt, O. Reimann, Hideyuki Ohoka, Vincenzo Testa, C. Jablonski, Tsuguya Naito, J. Schäfer, Stavros Maltezos, A. Wierzcholska, P. Wawer, L. Nellen, F. Mirabel, Tatsuo Yoshida, P. H. Carton, Nina Nowak, L. Platos, Riccardo Rando, P. P. Krueger, R. Wischnewski, W. Romaszkan, E. Fede, Martino Marisaldi, Markus Gaug, Richard Willingale, J. H. Buckley, U. De AlmeidaBarres, J. Knapp, Saverio Lombardi, D. della Volpe, A. Herrero, A. Bottani, E. Delagnes, Martin J. Hardcastle, C. Morello, Anna Lipniacka, T. Greenshaw, M. Renaud, Giancarlo Cusumano, Jonathan Biteau, M. Sowiński, J. R. T. de Mello Neto, T. B. Humensky, Michael G. Richer, G. Parks, G. Grasseau, H. Baba, Gino Tosti, Damir Lelas, H. Krawzcynski, David Paneque, M. Barcelo, R. Dickherber, P. Ferrando, Shinji Hara, D. Florin, Hideaki Katagiri, T. Shibata, Fuyuki Tokanai, N. A. McCubbin, J. Gomez-Ortega, D. Nakajima, A. Liolios, P. Laporte, Orjan Dale, A. Sillanpää, Dainis Dravins, Timothée Grégoire, Nu. Komin, A. Mihailidis, L. Sidoli, Shiu-Hang Lee, A. W. Chen, J. M. Illa, A. Kuznetsov, P. Munar-Adrover, D. Dominis Prester, Marcos Daniel Actis, Abraham D. Falcone, L. Journet, D. Hadasch, N. Galante, A. Murphy, C. J. Todero Peixoto, S. Wiesand, A. Aravantinos, A. C. Rovero, J. L. Dournaux, P. Romano, M. Hrabovsky, R. de los Reyes Lopez, M. Ostrowski, J. Pallota, Geza Gyuk, Petar Temnikov, R. Dubois, Jan Ebr, R. Koul, David J. Smith, S. Schwarzburg, P. Manigot, Chad Finley, Tarek M. Hassan, Giuseppe Sottile, Evgeni Ovcharov, P. J. Rajda, F. Krennrich, Peter L. Moore, W. B. Focke, W. Bednarek, Elena Amato, Kazunori Kohri, J. Gamez-Garcia, I. Oya, A. Shibuya, German Hermann, William H. Lee, Dorota Sobczyńska, X. Zhou, C. Balkowski, G. Vallejo, M. Hayashida, M. Bitossi, Loukas Vlahos, H. Lockart, N. Geffroy, L. Tibaldo, Marek Jamrozy, Luke O'c. Drury, Pratik Majumdar, P. Sutcliffe, S. Schlenstedt, M. Palatka, Christophe Champion, H. Ueno, M. Rupiński, P. Giommi, J. Schwarz, G. Pühlhofer, Takashi Saito, W. van Driel, C. van Eldik, Q. Xiong, Yasuo Fukui, A. Donat, A. Ibarra, R. S. Warwick, Michiko Ohishi, A. W. Smith, J.-P. Lenain, Aion Viana, Terry Ashton, Guillaume Dubus, Jacek Niemiec, K. Kodani, Luis Ángel Tejedor, A. Wörnlein, Takanori Yoshikoshi, Masahiro Teshima, W. Gäbele, Ll. Font, Olaf Reimer, J. F. Valdés-Galicia, Lucy Fortson, J. P. Osborne, Mattia Fornasa, Keith Bechtol, Masayuki Tanaka, Shigehiro Nagataki, M. Rataj, M. Ribordy, Emmanuel Moulin, I. de la Calle, K. Winiarski, C. Jeanney, I. Mognet, I. Vegas, C. Juffroy, Yutaka Ohira, A. Jacholkowska, Matthew Wood, A. E. Suárez, J. Bähr, K. M. Schure, J. Maya, M. Dafonseca, J. Tasan, R. Sugawara, M. Bourgeat, A. Mancilla, D. Pelat, Olga Botner, D. Nedbal, G. Depaola, Robert Wagner, T. Okuda, H. Arnaldi, Josep Martí, P. Corona, T. Bonev, D. Yelos, J. Sieiro, V. Scalzotto, Jacco Vink, D. Languignon, Marco Ajello, J. Vandenbrouke, Philipp Mertsch, M. Mordalska, P. Wegner, P. Ziółkowski, P. T. O'Brien, A. Nozato, Robert D. Preece, B. Huber, Matteo Balbo, J.R. Bogart, R. Kankanyan, K. Mori, T. Jogler, Seth Digel, Claudio Vuerli, Hiromitsu Takahashi, Thomas Lohse, K. Saito, A. W. Borgland, Elisa Prandini, Helene Sol, Ryan Heller, M. Bogdan, D. Dumas, M. Stodulski, Y. Awane, Piercarlo Bonifacio, Pedro L. Luque-Escamilla, Judith H. Croston, Fabio Pizzolato, P. M. Chadwick, M. K. Daniel, Riccardo Paoletti, Reiko Orito, Katsuaki Asano, R. Frei, G. Disset, Valerie Connaughton, Juhani Huovelin, Hiroyasu Tajima, S. Vercellone, F. Feinstein, G. Decerprit, Riccardo Smareglia, S. Spyrou, Gustavo E. Romero, J. Shi, J. Carr, N. Girard, Dirk L. Hoffmann, Andreas Zech, Markus Boettcher, Osvaldo Catalano, Akira Okumura, M. Dohmke, C. Föhr, Sabrina Casanova, R. A. Cameron, Jan Conrad, K. Umehara, K. K. Yadav, A. Paizis, John L. Quinn, L. Pogosyan, C. Farnier, William J. Potter, Domenico Impiombato, Tadashi Kifune, Jonathan Granot, Gernot Maier, M. Cieślar, S. Palanque, G.W. Fraser, J. Prast, R. Bose, Heidi Sandaker, G. Lamanna, Dusan Mandat, J.F. Glicenstein, J. Harris, D. Naumann, J. Ziolkowski, Michał Szanecki, C. Delgado, J. Kocot, W. Lustermann, Sabine Elles, J. Schmoll, L. Gérard, M. López, Norita Kawanaka, V. Gika, B. Lieunard, A. Pichel, Martin Pohl, Mariusz Sterzel, S. Vincent, Paolo De Coppi, J. Lande, O. Blanch Bigas, Gianluca Giavitto, Yusuke Konno, Julian Sitarek, M. Panter, P.-O. Petrucci, F. Henault, M. Prouza, Philip Kaaret, Josep Colomé, Luciano Nicastro, German Martinez, L. Gebremedhin, J. M. Yebras, Apostolos Mastichiadis, A. S. Madhavan, Thomas J. Maccarone, K. Berger, R. Buehler, P. Jean, N. Sartore, F. Toussenel, Aris Karastergiou, W. Kluźniak, A. Djannati-Ataï, S. J. Fegan, Louis Antonelli, A. González Muñoz, J. Berdugo, S. S. Upadhya, M. Sidz, F. Mottez, Patrick Vogler, F. Di Pierro, Wystan Benbow, B. Sacco, L. Chiappetti, J. Dumm, R. Firpo Curcoll, David Gascon, V. Boccone, J. Krause, J. P. Avernet, B. Peyaud, B. De Lotto, Ana Babić, T. O. B. Schmidt, I. M. McHardy, T. Schweizer, S. P. Wakely, Daniel Gall, Frank M. Rieger, E. Sant'Ambrogio, M. Kagaya, P. Vincent, R. C. Rannot, Sandro Mereghetti, A. De Angelis, M. Scarcioffolo, R. White, G. H. Sembroski, Takeshi Nakamori, C. Medina, M. A. De Oliveira Leigui, Subir Sarkar, A. Marszałek, Reshmi Mukherjee, K. Nakayama, A. Fiasson, S. Giarrusso, T. Bernardino, J. P. Finley, D. Neise, L. O. Takalo, F. Grañena, Nikola Godinovic, H. Sasaki, P. Zychowski, Francesco Dazzi, B. Courty, A. Basili, Vitaly Neustroev, B. Khélifi, T. Glanzman, M. Trifoglio, Regis Terrier, R. A. Ong, E. M. Santos, M. Minuti, Thomas Bretz, R. Moderski, J. Kushida, S. Royer, Emilio Molinari, Etienne Lyard, J. Houles, Juan Abel Barrio, T. Lerch, S. Rivoire, T. Kishimoto, M. Cailles, M. Casiraghi, Nikolaos Stergioulas, J. Gaweda, S. Koyama, Ingomar Allekotte, E. Ismailova, Elina Giannakaki, S. Schwemmer, Ryo Yamazaki, G. Fasola, Christoph Deil, Jose Luis Contreras, T. Bird, Miguel A. Sánchez-Conde, J. Dick, E. Edy, D. Parsons, R. Pyzioł, R. Mirzoyan, Manjuli R. Sharma, J. Borkowski, Jonathan S. Lapington, Cameron B Rulten, Rino Bandiera, Volker Beckmann, Jun Kakuwa, Dimitris Balis, Kenji Toma, Anna Barnacka, Andrea Santangelo, L. Padilla, Peter Eger, G. Decock, Karol Seweryn, N. Sakaki, Darko Veberič, Andrea Bulgarelli, B. Rudak, M. Pérez, H. Koppel, Felix Spanier, M. I. Martínez, D. Horville, Marco Molinaro, R. Walter, P. Ramon, S. Brau-Nogue, J. Camprecios, K. Kärcher, John H. Seiradakis, S. Criswell, D. J. Leopold, V. J. Guarino, R. Gredig, S. Vorobiov, Viktor Gruev, Gareth Hughes, Daniele Spiga, Quirin Weitzel, N. Håkansson, Susumu Inoue, U. Straumann, Juan Cortina, B. Behera, Jürgen Knödlseder, Daniel Nieto, Tomasz Szepieniec, H. Prokoph, Jerzy Grygorczuk, G. De La Vega, Jim Hinton, E. Chabanne, M. Mahabir, R. Krobot, M. Capalbi, Miroslav Pech, C. Díaz, J. Ludwin, F. Gianotti, Garret Cotter, Claudio Melioli, Hiroaki Yamamoto, C. Veyssiere, Kunihito Ioka, S. Sun, J. M. Parraud, L. Rob, Felix Aharonian, G. Maneva, D. Melkumyan, T. Schwab, J. Kasperek, J. M. Huet, E. Lorenz, S. Tanaka, Y. A. Gallant, S. Couturier, B.W. Favill, J. Boix Gargallo, Andrea Tiengo, Leszek Bogacz, Andreu Sanuy, Christian Fruck, J. Sykes, C. Martens, A. Yoshida, Marek Sikora, E. Racero, G. Rouaix, N. Bhat, A. Salini, A. S. Barber, Mauro Ghigo, Jan Ridky, K. Kosack, Konrad Bernlöhr, C. Tenzer, Alice Allafort, M. Torres, Catherine Boisson, Grzegorz Kowal, M. Karczewski, G. Agnetta, Victor Stamatescu, Anthony H. Gonzalez, S. Rousselle, Giovanni Bonanno, A. Zajczyk, A. Gadola, P. Martin, V. Zitelli, I. Manthos, N. Maragos, A. Dettlaff, F. Profeti, S. Colonges, S. Gunji, S. Cazaux, S. Colafrancesco, M. Paz Arribas, Rika Hagiwara, Darell Engelhaupt, Nestor Mirabal, Johann Cohen-Tanugi, S. Grunewald, Abby M. Green, I. D. Davids, D. Nosek, T. Yamamoto, Gagik Tovmassian, R. Sakonaka, Miguel Alcubierre, C. Baixeras, T. L. Usher, Kazufumi Torii, H. Lüdecke, L. Wiśniewski, B. Kellner-Leidel, P. Demange, F. Gonzalez, B. Moal, V. De Caprio, V. Golev, K. Katarzyński, V. Bugaev, A. Reimer, J. Koziol, G. Pojmanski, Alessandro Carosi, J. Bolmont, A. Nikolaidis, R. J. García López, V. A. Kudryavtsev, C. Stegmann, J.-P. Ernenwein, M. Fiorini, Ivone F. M. Albuquerque, Marco Tavani, P. Korohoda, A. Giuliani, E. Carmona, C. Bauer, Kostas D. Kokkotas, O. Tibolla, G. Deleglise, Pierre Brun, Dinko Dimitrov, I. Jung, R. Steenkamp, Marc Ribó, Kathrin Egberts, P. Reardon, Adriano Ghedina, Stefan Rosén, N. Hidaka, Trygve Buanes, A. Segreto, H. Huan, Juri Poutanen, Ruben Lopez-Coto, S. Cavazzani, Massimiliano Belluso, A. Kretzschmann, F. De Frondat, A. Riviere, J. F. Olive, Tsunefumi Mizuno, Serena Mattiazzo, M. González, D. Fantinel, Matteo Cerruti, S. Vergani, Sabrina Einecke, N. La Palombara, Reinhard Schlickeiser, P. Antoranz, Pol Bordas, D. Paillot, V. de Souza, Yasushi Fukazawa, Phil Evans, Werner Hofmann, Hugh Dickinson, F. Roy, Yvonne Becherini, E. O. Angüner, D. Corti, T. C. Arlen, Francesco Russo, V. R. Chitnis, D. Ross, R. Gabriele, Massimo Persic, E. Fokitis, A. Bonardi, D. Garrido, A. Niedźwiecki, L. Cossio, Hidetoshi Kubo, Y. de Oliveira, F. Mattana, Anna Szostek, M. Compin, S. Blake, F. Lucarelli, Petter Hofverberg, Felix Ryde, M. Gougerot, C. Boutonnet, Dimitrios Emmanoulopoulos, A. Mangano, P. Vallania, Jose Miguel Miranda, A. Manalaysay, M. Raue, A. Bouvier, Shohei Yanagita, Nektarios Vlahakis, Joni Tammi, M. Naumann-Godo, Kohta Murase, E. Fillin-Martino, Jiri Chudoba, K. Hatanaka, A. Lopatin, N. Otte, G. Rojas, Tomonori Totani, K. S. Gothe, J. P. Vialle, D. Kolitzus, K. Warda, Hironori Matsumoto, J. Rico, P. Ringegni, James Chiang, R. McKay, A. Bobkov, Aya Bamba, H. Takami, B. Giebels, O. Grimm, S. Basso, F. Dubois, Victor Zabalza, A. Förster, Pasquale Blasi, Alexandros Papayannis, A. G. Akhperjanian, Eckhard Kendziorra, James A. Anderson, Giuseppe Malaguti, R. Welsing, S. Pita, A. Ozieblo, Heide Costantini, D. Tezier, J.-H. Köhne, M. Tluczykont, Ll. Garrido, Alexander Varón Sandoval, Matthew R. Orr, Dominique Durand, F. Chollet, O. Luz, E. O. Saemann, Jun Kataoka, M. Proyetti, C. Barbier, Jürgen Barnstedt, L. Bouchet, Hiroshi Muraishi, Anton N. Baushev, L. A. Otero, Denis Bastieri, S. Incorvaia, Tihomir Surić, V. La Parola, Nathan Smith, Karl-Heinz Sulanke, F. Bernard, Luca Stringhetti, S. Paiano, S. Federici, Hector Flores, Karl Mannheim, Michael S. Briggs, Giovanna Pedaletti, E. M. de Gouveia Dal Pino, J. D. Smith, G. La Rosa, Alicia López-Oramas, M. Janiak, Gary Drake, G. Talbot, Petr Travnicek, Elisabetta Bissaldi, Mario Meucci, R. Northrop, V. Scapin, Vito Conforti, J. D. Ponz, T. Aghajani, J. J. Jimenez, A. D. Supanitsky, Hernán Asorey, M. Werner, Brian Reville, A. Haupt, C. Skole, Gilles Henri, Daniele Gardiol, V. Vassiliev, R. Platzer, Y. Saito, A. La Barbera, Allan Hallgren, C. Eleftheriadis, S. Cantu, G. Maurin, K. Lacombe, A. Le Padellec, F. Stinzing, T. Hayakawa, A. Cillis, M. Suchenek, I. Monteiro, V. Sahakian, A. Di Paola, Grzegorz Madejski, A. De Luca, Andreas Quirrenbach, P. A. Caraveo, N. A. Webb, Michael Zacharias, J. Vanderwalt, Dario Hrupec, K. Ziȩtara, T. Armstrong, A. Lorca, T. Krähenbühl, A. Etchegoyen, Stefano Covino, C. Kalkuhl, K. Kitamoto, Tomasz Bulik, R. Rohlfs, D. Allan, A. Zhao, Luisa Arrabito, B. S. Acharya, T. Johnson, C. Schultz, G. Vasileiadis, Eleen Shum, Daniel Ferenc, Paola Grandi, Maria Concetta Maccarone, E. Strazzeri, H. Kelly, E. J. Quel, H. Vankov, Ruben Alfaro, I. Telezhinsky, J. Becker Tjus, C. Dufour, F. Köck, Ilana M. Braun, Jamie Holder, Ryoji Enomoto, Luigi Lessio, Michael Punch, Stefano Gabici, I. Puerto-Gimenez, S. Karkar, P. Nayman, M. Grudzińska, E. Aliu, Yoshiyuki Inoue, Elina Lindfors, J. Becerra, Daniel Mazin, Yukikatsu Terada, André Schulz, Teresa Montaruli, G. Bonnoli, S. Renner, Dieter Horns, J. Dyks, V. Pelassa, Mark I. Wilkinson, Ricardo Graciani, I. Troyano, P. Ristori, Thomas Kihm, P. Micolon, S. J. Nolan, Torsten Bringmann, David A. Williams, Joachim Hahn, L. Brunetti, U. Roeser, Wolfgang Rhode, Kanaris Tsinganos, Stefan Ohm, J. L. Panazol, G. Busetto, B. S., Acharya, M., Acti, T., Aghajani, G., Agnetta, J., Aguilar, F., Aharonian, M., Ajello, A., Akhperjanian, M., Alcubierre, J., Aleksic, R., Alfaro, E., Aliu, A. J., Allafort, D., Allan, I., Allekotte, E., Amato, J., Anderson, E. O., Anguener, L. A., Antonelli, P., Antoranz, A., Aravantino, T., Arlen, T., Armstrong, H., Arnaldi, L., Arrabito, K., Asano, T., Ashton, H. G., Asorey, Y., Awane, H., Baba, A., Babic, N., Baby, J., Baehr, A., Bai, C., Baixera, S., Bajtlik, M., Balbo, D., Bali, C., Balkowski, A., Bamba, R., Bandiera, A., Barber, C., Barbier, M., Barcelo, A., Barnacka, J., Barnstedt, U. B., De, J. A., Barrio, A., Basili, S., Basso, D., Bastieri, C., Bauer, A., Baushev, J., Becerra, Y., Becherini, K. C., Bechtol, J. B., Tju, V., Beckmann, W., Bednarek, B., Behera, M., Belluso, W., Benbow, J., Berdugo, K., Berger, F., Bernard, T., Bernardino, K., Bernloehr, N., Bhat, S., Bhattacharyya, C., Bigongiari, A., Biland, S., Billotta, T., Bird, E., Birsin, Bissaldi, Elisabetta, J., Biteau, M., Bitossi, S., Blake, O. B., Biga, P., Blasi, A., Bobkov, V., Boccone, M., Boettcher, L., Bogacz, J., Bogart, M., Bogdan, C., Boisson, J. B., Gargallo, J., Bolmont, G., Bonanno, A., Bonardi, T., Bonev, P., Bonifacio, G., Bonnoli, P., Borda, A., Borgland, J., Borkowski, R., Bose, O., Botner, A., Bottani, L., Bouchet, M., Bourgeat, C., Boutonnet, A., Bouvier, S., Brau Nogue, I., Braun, T., Bretz, M., Brigg, T., Bringmann, P., Brook, P., Brun, L., Brunetti, T., Buane, J., Buckley, R., Buehler, V., Bugaev, A., Bulgarelli, T., Bulik, G., Busetto, S., Buson, K., Byrum, M., Caille, R., Cameron, J., Camprecio, R., Canestrari, S., Cantu, M., Capalbi, P., Caraveo, E., Carmona, A., Carosi, J., Carr, P. . ., H., S., Casanova, M., Casiraghi, O., Catalano, S., Cavazzani, S., Cazaux, M., Cerruti, E., Chabanne, P., Chadwick, C., Champion, A., Chen, J., Chiang, L., Chiappetti, M., Chikawa, V. R., Chitni, F., Chollet, J., Chudoba, M., Cieslar, A., Cilli, J., Cohen Tanugi, S., Colafrancesco, P., Colin, J., Calome, S., Colonge, M., Compin, P., Conconi, V., Conforti, V., Connaughton, J., Conrad, J. L., Contrera, P., Coppi, P., Corona, D., Corti, J., Cortina, L., Cossio, H., Costantini, G., Cotter, B., Courty, S., Couturier, S., Covino, G., Crimi, S. J., Criswell, J., Croston, G., Cusumano, M., Dafonseca, O., Dale, M., Daniel, J., Darling, I., David, F., Dazzi, A. D., Angeli, V. D., Caprio, F. D., Frondat, E. M., De, I. d., La, G. A., De, R. d., Lo, B. D., Lotto, A. D., Luca, J. R., T., M. d., Nauroi, Y. d., Oliveira, E. d., Ona, V. d., Souza, G., Decerprit, G., Decock, C., Deil, E., Delagne, G., Deleglise, C., Delgado, D. D., Volpe, P., Demange, G., Depaola, A., Dettlaff, A. D., Paola, F. D., Pierro, C., Diaz, J., Dick, R., Dickherber, H., Dickinson, V., Diez Blanco, S., Digel, D., Dimitrov, G., Disset, A., Djannati Atai, M., Doert, M., Dohmke, W., Domainko, D. D., Prester, A., Donat, D., Dorner, M., Doro, J. . ., L., G., Drake, D., Dravin, L., Drury, F., Duboi, R., Duboi, G., Dubu, C., Dufour, D., Duma, J., Dumm, D., Durand, J., Dyk, M., Dyrda, J., Ebr, E., Edy, K., Egbert, P., Eger, S., Einecke, C., Eleftheriadi, S., Elle, D., Emmanoulopoulo, D., Engelhaupt, R., Enomoto, J. . ., P., M., Errando, A., Etchegoyen, P., Evan, A., Falcone, D., Fantinel, K., Farako, C., Farnier, G., Fasola, B., Favill, E., Fede, S., Federici, S., Fegan, F., Feinstein, D., Ferenc, P., Ferrando, M., Fesquet, A., Fiasson, E., Fillin Martino, D., Fink, C., Finley, J. P., Finley, M., Fiorini, R. F., Curcoll, H., Flore, D., Florin, W., Focke, C., Foehr, E., Fokiti, L., Font, G., Fontaine, M., Fornasa, A., Foerster, L., Fortson, N., Fouque, A., Franckowiak, C., Fransson, G., Fraser, R., Frei, I. F., M., L., Fresnillo, C., Fruck, Y., Fujita, Y., Fukazawa, Y., Fukui, S., Funk, W., Gaebele, S., Gabici, R., Gabriele, A., Gadola, N., Galante, D., Gall, Y., Gallant, J., Gamez Garcia, B., Garcia, R. G., Lopez, D., Gardiol, D., Garrido, L., Garrido, D., Gascon, M., Gaug, J., Gaweda, L., Gebremedhin, N., Geffroy, L., Gerard, A., Ghedina, M., Ghigo, E., Giannakaki, F., Gianotti, S., Giarrusso, G., Giavitto, B., Giebel, V., Gika, P., Giommi, N., Girard, E., Giro, A., Giuliani, T., Glanzman, J. . ., F., N., Godinovic, V., Golev, M. G., Berisso, J., Gomez Ortega, M. M., Gonzalez, A., Gonzalez, F., Gonzalez, A. G., Munoz, K. S., Gothe, M., Gougerot, R., Graciani, P., Grandi, F., Granena, J., Granot, G., Grasseau, R., Gredig, A., Green, T., Greenshaw, T., Gregoire, O., Grimm, J., Grube, M., Grudzinska, V., Gruev, S., Gruenewald, J., Grygorczuk, V., Guarino, S., Gunji, G., Gyuk, D., Hadasch, R., Hagiwara, J., Hahn, N., Hakansson, A., Hallgren, N. H., Hera, S., Hara, M. 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M., Comb, N., Mccubbin, I., Mchardy, R., Mckay, C., Medina, C., Melioli, D., Melkumyan, S., Mereghetti, P., Mertsch, M., Meucci, J., Michalowski, P., Micolon, A., Mihailidi, T., Mineo, M., Minuti, N., Mirabal, F., Mirabel, J. M., Miranda, R., Mirzoyan, T., Mizuno, B., Moal, R., Moderski, I., Mognet, E., Molinari, M., Molinaro, T., Montaruli, I., Monteiro, P., Moore, A. M., Olaizola, M., Mordalska, C., Morello, K., Mori, F., Mottez, Y., Moudden, E., Moulin, I., Mrusek, R., Mukherjee, P., Munar Adrover, H., Muraishi, K., Murase, A., Murphy, S., Nagataki, T., Naito, D., Nakajima, T., Nakamori, K., Nakayama, C., Naumann, D., Naumann, M., Naumann Godo, P., Nayman, D., Nedbal, D., Neise, L., Nellen, V., Neustroev, N., Neyroud, L., Nicastro, J., Nicolau Kuklinski, A., Niedzwiecki, J., Niemiec, D., Nieto, A., Nikolaidi, K., Nishijima, S., Nolan, R., Northrop, D., Nosek, N., Nowak, A., Nozato, P., O'Brien, Y., Ohira, M., Ohishi, S., Ohm, H., Ohoka, T., Okuda, A., Okumura, R. A., Ong, R., Orito, M., Orr, J., Osborne, M., Ostrowski, L. A., Otero, N., Otte, E., Ovcharov, I., Oya, A., Ozieblo, L., Padilla, S., Paiano, D., Paillot, A., Paizi, S., Palanque, M., Palatka, J., Pallota, K., Panagiotidi, D., Paneque, M., Panter, R., Paoletti, A., Papayanni, G., Papyan, J. M., Parede, G., Pareschi, G., Park, D., Parson, M. P., Arriba, M., Pech, G., Pedaletti, V., Pelassa, D., Pelat, M. D., C., M., Persic, P. . ., O., B., Peyaud, A., Pichel, S., Pita, F., Pizzolato, L., Plato, R., Platzer, L., Pogosyan, M., Pohl, G., Pojmanski, J. D., Ponz, W., Potter, J., Poutanen, E., Prandini, J., Prast, R., Preece, F., Profeti, H., Prokoph, M., Prouza, M., Proyetti, I., Puerto Gimenez, G., Puehlhofer, I., Puljak, M., Punch, R., Pyziol, E. J., Quel, J., Quinn, A., Quirrenbach, E., Racero, P. J., Rajda, P., Ramon, R., Rando, R. C., Rannot, M., Rataj, M., Raue, P., Reardon, O., Reimann, A., Reimer, O., Reimer, K., Reitberger, M., Renaud, S., Renner, B., Reville, W., Rhode, M., Ribo, M., Ribordy, M. G., Richer, J., Rico, J., Ridky, F., Rieger, P., Ringegni, J., Ripken, P. R., Ristori, A., Riviere, S., Rivoire, L., Rob, U., Roeser, R., Rohlf, G., Roja, P., Romano, W., Romaszkan, G. E., Romero, S., Rosen, S. R., Lee, D., Ro, G., Rouaix, J., Rousselle, S., Rousselle, A. C., Rovero, F., Roy, S., Royer, B., Rudak, C., Rulten, M., Rupinski, F., Russo, F., Ryde, B., Sacco, E. O., Saemann, A., Saggion, V., Safiakian, K., Saito, T., Saito, Y., Saito, N., Sakaki, R., Sakonaka, A., Salini, F., Sanchez, M., Sanchez Conde, A., Sandoval, H., Sandaker, E., Sant'Ambrogio, A., Santangelo, E. M., Santo, A., Sanuy, L., Sapozhnikov, S., Sarkar, N., Sartore, H., Sasaki, K., Satalecka, M., Sawada, V., Scalzotto, V., Scapin, M., Scarcioffolo, J., Schafer, T., Schanz, S., Schlenstedt, R., Schlickeiser, T., Schmidt, J., Schmoll, P., Schovanek, M., Schroedter, C., Schultz, J., Schultze, A., Schulz, K., Schure, T., Schwab, U., Schwanke, J., Schwarz, S., Schwarzburg, T., Schweizer, S., Schwemmer, A., Segreto, G. H., Sembroski, K., Seweryn, M., Sharma, M., Shayduk, R. C., Shellard, J., Shi, T., Shibata, A., Shibuya, E., Shum, L., Sidoli, M., Sidz, J., Sieiro, M., Sikora, J., Silk, A., Sillanpaa, B. B., Singh, J., Sitarek, C., Skole, R., Smareglia, A., Smith, D., Smith, J., Smith, N., Smith, D., Sobczynska, H., Sol, G., Sottile, M., Sowinski, F., Spanier, D., Spiga, S., Spyrou, V., Stamatescu, A., Stamerra, R., Starling, L., Stawarz, R., Steenkamp, C., Stegmann, S., Steiner, N., Stergioula, R., Sternberger, M., Sterzel, F., Stinzing, M., Stodulski, U., Straumann, E., Strazzeri, L., Stringhetti, A., Suarez, M., Suchenek, R., Sugawara, K. . ., H., S., Sun, A. D., Supanitsky, T., Suric, P., Sutcliffe, J., Syke, M., Szanecki, T., Szepieniec, A., Szostek, G., Tagliaferri, H., Tajima, H., Takahashi, K., Takahashi, L., Takalo, H., Takami, C., Talbot, J., Tammi, M., Tanaka, S., Tanaka, J., Tasan, M., Tavani, L. A., Tejedor, I., Telezhinsky, P., Temnikov, C., Tenzer, Y., Terada, R., Terrier, M., Teshima, V., Testa, D., Tezier, D., Thuermann, L., Tibaldo, O., Tibolla, A., Tiengo, M., Tluczykont, C. J., Todero, F., Tokanai, M., Tokarz, K., Toma, K., Torii, M., Tornikoski, D. F., Torre, M., Torre, G., Tosti, T., Totani, C., Toussenel, G., Tovmassian, P., Travnicek, M., Trifoglio, I., Troyano, K., Tsingano, H., Ueno, K., Umehara, S. S., Upadhya, T., Usher, M., Uslenghi, J. F., Valdes Galicia, P., Vallania, G., Vallejo, W. v., Driel, C. v., Eldik, J., Vandenbrouke, J., Vanderwalt, H., Vankov, G., Vasileiadi, V., Vassiliev, D., Veberic, I., Vega, S., Vercellone, S., Vergani, C., Veyssiere, J. P., Vialle, A., Viana, M., Videla, P., Vincent, S., Vincent, J., Vink, N., Vlahaki, L., Vlaho, P., Vogler, A., Vollhardt, H. . ., P., S., Vorobiov, C., Vuerli, V., Waegebaert, R., Wagner, R. G., Wagner, S., Wagner, S. P., Wakely, R., Walter, T., Walther, K., Warda, R., Warwick, P., Wawer, R., Wawrzaszek, N., Webb, P., Wegner, A., Weinstein, Q., Weitzel, R., Welsing, M., Werner, H., Wetteskind, R., White, A., Wierzcholska, S., Wiesand, M., Wilkinson, D. A., William, R., Willingale, K., Winiarski, R., Wischnewski, L., Wisniewski, M., Wood, A., Woernlein, Q., Xiong, K. K., Yadav, H., Yamamoto, T., Yamamoto, R., Yamazaki, S., Yanagita, J. M., Yebra, D., Yelo, A., Yoshida, T., Yoshida, T., Yoshikoshi, V., Zabalza, M., Zacharia, A., Zajczyk, R., Zanin, A., Zdziarski, A., Zech, A., Zhao, X., Zhou, K., Zietara, J., Ziolkowski, P., Ziolkowski, V., Zitelli, C., Zurbach, P., Zychowski, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP/Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), APC - Astrophysique des Hautes Energies (APC - AHE), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Dipartimento di Astronomia, Universita degli Studi di Bologna, Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO)-Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille (CPPM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, CTA, Laboratoire Univers et Théories (LUTH (UMR_8102)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Galaxies, Etoiles, Physique, Instrumentation (GEPI), Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Dipartimento di Astronomia, Universita degli Studi di Bologna, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO)-Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), and High Energy Astrophys. & Astropart. Phys (API, FNWI)
Subjects: Next generation Cherenkov telescopes, Ciencias Físicas, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, TeV GAMMA-RAY ASTRONOMY, Observatory, Air showers, HESS, Cherenkov Telescopes, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, MISSION, SUPERNOVA REMNANT W44, TELESCOPE, ASTRONOMY, EMISSION, Physics, ta213, [SDU.ASTR.HE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], Settore FIS/01 - Fisica Sperimentale, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, TeV gamma-ray astronomy, ddc:540, CIENCIAS NATURALES Y EXACTAS, [PHYS.ASTR.HE]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], [PHYS.ASTR.IM]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], Air shower, AIR SHOWERS, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, 0103 physical sciences, Preparatory phase, ta115, TeV gamma-ray astronomy Air showers Cherenkov Telescopes, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, CHERENKOV TELESCOPES, Física, Astronomy, Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Astronomy and Astrophysics, ASTROFÍSICA, Cherenkov Telescope Array, [SDU.ASTR.IM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], Astronomía, Design study, Telecommunications, business
Abstract: The Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) is a new observatory for very high-energy (VHE) gamma rays. CTA has ambitions science goals, for which it is necessary to achieve full-sky coverage, to improve the sensitivity by about an order of magnitude, to span about four decades of energy, from a few tens of GeV to above 100 TeV with enhanced angular and energy resolutions over existing VHE gamma-ray observatories. An international collaboration has formed with more than 1000 members from 27 countries in Europe, Asia, Africa and North and South America. In 2010 the CTA Consortium completed a Design Study and started a three-year Preparatory Phase which leads to production readiness of CTA in 2014. In this paper we introduce the science goals and the concept of CTA, and provide an overview of the project., La lista completa de autores puede consultarse en el documento o en la página web de la revista., Facultad de Ingeniería
Published: 2013

45. VERITAS Observations of the Microquasar Cygnus X-3

Author: A. Varlotta, Martin Pohl, J. S. Perkins, David Kieda, P. Moriarty, Nicola Galante, J. Grube, M. P. Connolly, David A. Williams, M. J. Lang, Xuhui Chen, Matthias Beilicke, Abraham D. Falcone, I. Telezhinsky, A. McCann, G. H. Sembroski, Daniel Nieto, Wei Cui, Q. Feng, A. O'Faolain de Bhroithe, G. H. Gillanders, Jamie Holder, Y. Khassen, H. Prokoph, Henric Krawczynski, A. J.R. Weinstein, D. S. Hanna, F. Sheidaei, K. Berger, Geza Gyuk, T. B. Humensky, L. C. Reyes, Karen Byrum, P. T. Reynolds, Pratik Majumdar, Sinéad M. Griffin, D. Staszak, K. Ragan, Matteo Cerruti, Gareth Hughes, M. Kertzman, B. Zitzer, Lucy Fortson, R. A. Ong, Amy Furniss, S. Vincent, A. W. Smith, A. S Madhavan, Ralph Bird, C. Duke, Gordon T. Richards, Manel Errando, E. Roache, S. Federici, S. T. Griffiths, Michael L. McCollough, A. Bouvier, P. Kaaret, Wystan Benbow, S. McArthur, S. Archambault, Reshmi Mukherjee, A. Popkow, A. N. Otte, V. Bugaev, John L. Quinn, N. H. Park, J. V. Tucci, Gernot Maier, J. P. Finley, S. P. Wakely, T. C. Weekes, D. Pandel, L. Ciupik, Jean-Francois Rajotte, J. Tyler, J. H. Buckley, J. P. Dumm, and M. Theiling
Subjects: Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Radiation imaging, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, gamma rays: stars, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Telescope, x-rays: individual (cygnus x-3), law, 0103 physical sciences, cyg x-3, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, acceleration of particles, Physics, search, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), binaries: close, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Gamma ray, Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Astronomy and Astrophysics, gamma-ray emission, large-area telescope, scattering halo, x-ray, mission, Space and Planetary Science, cherenkov telescopes, ddc:520, relativistic jet, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, constraints
Abstract: We report results from TeV gamma-ray observations of the microquasar Cygnus X-3. The observations were made with the Very Energetic Radiation Imaging Telescope Array System (VERITAS) over a time period from 2007 June 11 to 2011 November 28. VERITAS is most sensitive to gamma rays at energies between 85 GeV to 30 TeV. The effective exposure time amounts to a total of about 44 hours, with the observations covering six distinct radio/X-ray states of the object. No significant TeV gamma-ray emission was detected in any of the states, nor with all observations combined. The lack of a positive signal, especially in the states where GeV gamma rays were detected, places constraints on TeV gamma-ray production in Cygnus X-3. We discuss the implications of the results., Comment: 23 pages, 4 figures, 3 tables, accepted for publication in ApJ
Published: 2013
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46. Search for a correlation between very-high-energy gamma rays and giant radio pulses in the Crab pulsar

Author: Matthias Beilicke, J. P. Dumm, Martin Pohl, G. Tešić, Q. Feng, V. Bugaev, T. Aune, A. Varlotta, R. Dickherber, T. B. Humensky, T. J. N. Nelson, S. Thibadeau, A. McCann, M. P. Connolly, Maxim Lyutikov, R. G. Wagner, Henric Krawczynski, E. Aliu, A. J.R. Weinstein, I. Telezhinsky, Jamie Holder, F. Krennrich, H. Prokoph, S. Vincent, L. C. Reyes, K. Lee, Sinéad M. Griffin, D. B. Saxon, Karen Byrum, D. S. Hanna, N. H. Park, Lucy Fortson, D. Staszak, K. Tsurusaki, M. Theiling, T. C. Arlen, K. Ragan, Gareth Hughes, Amy Furniss, P. Kaaret, M. Schroedter, B. Zitzer, E. Collins-Hughes, Gernot Maier, M. J. Lang, G. H. Gillanders, S. Godambe, S. P. Wakely, G. H. Sembroski, Daniel Gall, R. Welsing, A. N. Otte, Matthew R. Orr, L. Ciupik, A. Cesarini, R. A. Ong, V. Kondratiev, David A. Williams, John L. Quinn, A. Bouvier, J. H. Buckley, A. D. Falcone, J. P. Finley, M. Vivier, T. C. Weekes, S. LeBohec, David Kieda, S. McArthur, Y. Khassen, P. T. Reynolds, Geza Gyuk, Pratik Majumdar, S. Archambault, Reshmi Mukherjee, Wystan Benbow, J. S. Perkins, P. Moriarty, Nicola Galante, J. Grube, N. Karlsson, G. Finnegan, A. W. Smith, A. S Madhavan, C. Duke, E. Roache, G. D. Şentürk, H. Huan, A. O'Faolain de Bhroithe, S. Federici, and Wei Cui
Subjects: High energy, nebula, pulsars: individual: b0531+21, Flux, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Arrival time, law.invention, Radio telescope, Telescope, law, Time windows, 0103 physical sciences, emission, photons, rays: stars, geminga, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), model, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Crab Pulsar, Gamma ray, Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Astronomy and Astrophysics, telescopes, universe, Space and Planetary Science, range, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: We present the results of a joint observational campaign between the Green Bank radio telescope and the VERITAS gamma-ray telescope, which searched for a correlation between the emission of very-high-energy (VHE) gamma rays ($E_{\gamma} >$ 150 GeV) and Giant Radio Pulses (GRPs) from the Crab pulsar at 8.9 GHz. A total of 15366 GRPs were recorded during 11.6 hours of simultaneous observations, which were made across four nights in December 2008 and in November and December 2009. We searched for an enhancement of the pulsed gamma-ray emission within time windows placed around the arrival time of the GRP events. In total, 8 different time windows with durations ranging from 0.033 ms to 72 s were positioned at three different locations relative to the GRP to search for enhanced gamma-ray emission which lagged, led, or was concurrent with, the GRP event. Further, we performed separate searches on main pulse GRPs and interpulse GRPs and on the most energetic GRPs in our data sample. No significant enhancement of pulsed VHE emission was found in any of the preformed searches. We set upper limits of 5-10 times the average VHE flux of the Crab pulsar on the flux simultaneous with interpulse GRPs on single-rotation-period time scales. On $\sim$8-second time scales around interpulse GRPs, we set an upper limit of 2-3 times the average VHE flux. Within the framework of recent models for pulsed VHE emission from the Crab pulsar, the expected VHE-GRP emission correlations are below the derived limits., Comment: 12 pages, 12 figures, To appear in The Astrophysical Journal
Published: 2012

47. The topological trigger system for the VERITAS upgrade

Author: Amanda Weinstein, Frank Krennrich, Karen Byrum, A. Kreps, Benjamin Zitzer, John S. Anderson, Micheal Oberling, Martin Schroedter, Gary Drake, and Matthew R. Orr
Subjects: Physics, media_common.quotation_subject, Night sky, Astronomy, Radiation imaging, Cherenkov Telescope Array, law.invention, Telescope, Upgrade, Sky, law, Nuclear electronics, Cherenkov radiation, media_common
Abstract: VERITAS (Very Energetic Radiation Imaging Telescope Array System) is an array of four IACTs (Imaging Air Cherenkov Telescopes) located south of Tucson, Arizona, USA. VERITAS observes the Northern Hemisphere sky in VHE (E>100 GeV) gamma rays. A major upgrade of the VERITAS trigger electronics and cameras is currently underway. The upgrade aims to increase the sensitivity and lower the energy threshold of the instrument. The energy threshold can potentially be lowered by more stringent timing discrimination of accidental triggers due to night sky background (NSB). The new VERITAS FPGA-based pattern trigger has been in operation since Novemeber 2011 and provides more stringent timing discrimination by narrowing the required coincidence gate to as low as 3ns. Technical details and operational status of the new VERITAS pattern trigger will be detailed in this work.
Published: 2012

48. VERITAS Observations of the Nova in V407 Cygni

Author: H. J. Rose, A. Cesarini, John L. Quinn, Gernot Maier, S. Griffin, M. Orr, A. Varlotta, Martin Pohl, D. Staszak, G. Hughes, E. Aliu, S. P. Wakely, J. Dumm, S. Vincent, K. Lee, D. S. Hanna, G. Tešić, M. Theiling, T. Weisgarber, S. M. Bradbury, A. Cannon, P. Kaaret, J. P. Finley, S. Godambe, M. Kertzman, T. B. Humensky, T. C. Weekes, K. Tsurusaki, Geza Gyuk, Dirk Pandel, M. J. Lang, S. Thibadeau, H. Krawczynski, V. Bugaev, T. Arlen, N. Galante, J. Ruppel, M. Schroedter, Vikram V. Dwarkadas, B. Zitzer, G. Finnegan, J. Grube, A. W. Smith, Manel Errando, S. Archambault, Lucy Fortson, G. H. Sembroski, M. Vivier, Abraham D. Falcone, C. Duke, M. Beilicke, Wystan Benbow, J. H. Buckley, David A. Williams, R. Welsing, D. B. Saxon, H. Huan, N. H. Park, K. Ragan, S. McArthur, I. Telezhinsky, David Kieda, Paul D. Nuñez, A. McCann, Wei Cui, Jamie Holder, P. Majumdar, E. Roache, P. Moriarty, J. E. Ward, G. Decerprit, C. Skole, A. Weinstein, H. Prokoph, J. Tyler, Karen Byrum, R. A. Ong, A. N. Otte, M. P. Connolly, Q. Feng, T. Aune, F. Krennrich, J. S. Perkins, E. Collins-Hughes, L. Ciupik, J. Millis, A. Bouvier, P. T. Reynolds, D. Gall, R. Mukherjee, Luis C. Reyes, N. Karlsson, A. Furniss, R. Dickherber, and Y. Khassen
Subjects: High energy, blast wave, FOS: Physical sciences, Radiation imaging, Flux, array, Astrophysics, galactic plane, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Telescope, law, 0103 physical sciences, novae, cataclysmic variables, 010306 general physics, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Zenith, white dwarfs, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, Gamma ray, Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Astronomy and Astrophysics, gamma rays: general, Nova (laser), gamma-ray emission, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, rs-ophiuchi, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), cherenkov telescopes, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, 2006 outburst, discovery
Abstract: We report on very high energy (E > 100 GeV) gamma-ray observations of V407 Cygni, a symbiotic binary that underwent a nova outburst producing 0.1-10 GeV gamma rays during 2010 March 10-26. Observations were made with the Very Energetic Radiation Imaging Telescope Array System during 2010 March 19-26 at relatively large zenith angles, due to the position of V407 Cyg. An improved reconstruction technique for large zenith angle observations is presented and used to analyze the data. We do not detect V407 Cygni and place a differential upper limit on the flux at 1.6 TeV of 2.3 \times 10^(-12) erg cm^(-2) s^(-1) (at the 95% confidence level). When considered jointly with data from Fermi-LAT, this result places limits on the acceleration of very high energy particles in the nova., 17 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
Published: 2012

49. Discovery of High-energy and Very High Energy Gamma-ray Emission from the Blazar RBS 0413

Author: D. Gall, M. P. Connolly, R. Mukherjee, G. H. Sembroski, S. McArthur, T. B. Humensky, S. Archambault, S. Griffin, P. Fortin, H. J. Rose, A. Pichel, P. T. Reynolds, J. E. Ward, A. Cesarini, A. N. Otte, John L. Quinn, A. S. Madhavan, Wystan Benbow, A. Varlotta, P. Majumdar, I. Telezhinsky, J. Grube, R. A. Ong, Manel Errando, Jamie Holder, A. Bouvier, M. J. Lang, M. Theiling, J. P. Finley, S. M. Bradbury, K. Ragan, Wei Cui, S. Thibadeau, T. Aune, Markus Böttcher, T. C. Weekes, Abraham D. Falcone, G. Decerprit, L. C. Reyes, A. McCann, H. Prokoph, E. Roache, N. Palma, Geza Gyuk, G. Tešić, E. Aliu, D. Horan, J. Ruppel, L. Ciupik, Gareth Hughes, M. Kertzman, B. Zitzer, T. Weisgarber, K. Lee, D. S. Hanna, V. Bugaev, A. Weinstein, M. Vivier, David A. Williams, H. Krawczynski, K. Tsurusaki, S. Godambe, T. Arlen, Lucy Fortson, Martin Pohl, J. Dumm, Keith Hawkins, Karen Byrum, M. Schroedter, M. Beilicke, David Kieda, J. H. Buckley, J. S. Perkins, E. Collins-Hughes, F. Krennrich, M. Orr, Q. Feng, A. Cannon, P. Kaaret, D. B. Saxon, N. H. Park, Gernot Maier, S. P. Wakely, N. Galante, G. Finnegan, A. W. Smith, G. D. Şentürk, H. Huan, Paolo De Coppi, P. Moriarty, A. Furniss, D. Staszak, R. Dickherber, Y. Khassen, and N. Karlsson
Subjects: catalog, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, bl-lacertae objects, Flux, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, swift ultraviolet/optical telescope, bright blazars, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Telescope, law, gamma rays: galaxies, 0103 physical sciences, bl lacertae objects: individual (rbs 0413-ver j0319+187), Blazar, Nuclear Experiment, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), model, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Astronomy and Astrophysics, lac objects, Synchrotron, radiation, large-area telescope, Crab Nebula, mission, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, active galactic nuclei, Spectral energy distribution, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, BL Lac object, Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope
Abstract: We report on the discovery of high-energy (HE; E > 0.1 GeV) and very high-energy (VHE; E > 100 GeV) gamma-ray emission from the high-frequency-peaked BL Lac object RBS 0413. VERITAS, a ground-based gamma-ray observatory, detected VHE gamma rays from RBS 0413 with a statistical significance of 5.5 standard deviations (sigma) and a gamma-ray flux of (1.5 \pm 0.6stat \pm 0.7syst) \times 10^(-8) photons m^(-2) s^(-1) (\sim 1% of the Crab Nebula flux) above 250 GeV. The observed spectrum can be described by a power law with a photon index of 3.18 \pm 0.68stat \pm 0.30syst. Contemporaneous observations with the Large Area Telescope (LAT) on the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope detected HE gamma rays from RBS 0413 with a statistical significance of more than 9 sigma, a power-law photon index of 1.57 \pm 0.12stat +0.11sys -0.12sys and a gamma-ray flux between 300 MeV and 300 GeV of (1.64 \pm 0.43stat +0.31sys -0.22sys) \times 10^(-5) photons m^(-2) s^(-1). We present the results from Fermi-LAT and VERITAS, including a spectral energy distribution modeling of the gamma-ray, quasi-simultaneous X-ray (Swift-XRT), ultraviolet (Swift-UVOT) and R-band optical (MDM) data. We find that, if conditions close to equipartition are required, both the combined synchrotron self-Compton/external-Compton and the lepto-hadronic models are preferred over a pure synchrotron self-Compton model., 14 pages, 3 figures, accepted to ApJ, corresponding author: G. D. Senturk
Published: 2012
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50. VERITAS deep observations of the dwarf spheroidal galaxy Segue 1

Author: A. McCann, I. Telezhinsky, R. A. Ong, Jamie Holder, T. Arlen, G. Teić, Philip Kaaret, A. S. Madhavan, Wystan Benbow, S. Vincent, N. Galante, G. D. Entürk, A. Bouvier, G. H. Sembroski, S. McArthur, G. Finnegan, A. W. Smith, S. M. Bradbury, Gernot Maier, M. P. Connolly, S. P. Wakely, Abraham D. Falcone, A. Varlotta, T. Aune, J. Grube, A. Cannon, E. Roache, H. Huan, Matthew R. Orr, R. Dickherber, Manel Errando, Daniel Gall, Karen Byrum, K. Ragan, S. Thibadeau, J. H. Buckley, E. Collins-Hughes, M. Kertzman, Lucy Fortson, J. S. Perkins, H. J. Rose, G. Decerprit, V. Bugaev, Q. Feng, P. Moriarty, M. Vivier, M. Beilicke, M. Schroedter, David A. Williams, Y. Khassen, T. Weisgarber, D. Staszak, J. E. Ward, S. Archambault, Reshmi Mukherjee, T. B. Humensky, A. Furniss, Francesc Ferrer, Geza Gyuk, D. B. Saxon, A. Cesarini, John L. Quinn, B. Zitzer, P. T. Reynolds, N. H. Park, Henric Krawczynski, L. Ciupik, P. Majumdar, E. Aliu, K. Tsurusaki, Jodi Christiansen, C. Skole, D. Hanna, Martin Pohl, S. Godambe, J. Dumm, K. Lee, L. C. Reyes, Vladimir Vassiliev, N. Karlsson, J. P. Finley, T. C. Weekes, Wei Cui, H. Prokoph, R. G. Wagner, David Kieda, M. Theiling, J. Ruppel, Amanda Weinstein, A. N. Otte, Frank Krennrich, Sinéad M. Griffin, and Gareth Hughes
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Dwarf galaxy problem, cosmic-rays, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics, dark-matter annihilation, 01 natural sciences, local group, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), 0103 physical sciences, upper limits, ddc:530, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Light dark matter, galactic-center, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Dwarf galaxy, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Hot dark matter, Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Astronomy, Segue, gamma-ray emission, Galaxy, Dwarf spheroidal galaxy, Dark matter halo, large-area telescope, cherenkov telescopes, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, magic telescope, empirical-models
Abstract: The VERITAS array of Cherenkov telescopes has carried out a deep observational program on the nearby dwarf spheroidal galaxy Segue 1. We report on the results of nearly 48 hours of good quality selected data, taken between January 2010 and May 2011. No significant $\gamma$-ray emission is detected at the nominal position of Segue 1, and upper limits on the integrated flux are derived. According to recent studies, Segue 1 is the most dark matter-dominated dwarf spheroidal galaxy currently known. We derive stringent bounds on various annihilating and decaying dark matter particle models. The upper limits on the velocity-weighted annihilation cross-section are $\mathrm{^{95% CL} \lesssim 10^{-23} cm^{3} s^{-1}}$, improving our limits from previous observations of dwarf spheroidal galaxies by at least a factor of two for dark matter particle masses $\mathrm{m_{\chi}\gtrsim 300 GeV}$. The lower limits on the decay lifetime are at the level of $\mathrm{\tau^{95% CL} \gtrsim 10^{24} s}$. Finally, we address the interpretation of the cosmic ray lepton anomalies measured by ATIC and PAMELA in terms of dark matter annihilation, and show that the VERITAS observations of Segue 1 disfavor such a scenario., Comment: Added recently published erratum at the end of the original article
Published: 2012

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