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Kontowicz Marlena, Szmelcer Beniamin, Wilczyński Michał, Lamtych Martyna, Kubiak Karolina, Karło Aneta, Rymarska Olga, Kwiatkowska Klaudia, Wszelaki Patrycja, Gajos Małgorzata, Podhorecka Marta, KędzioraKornatowska Kornelia. A rehabilitation approach to the falls of geriatric patients. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2019;9(6):151-162. eISNN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3238282 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/6996 https://pbn.nauka.gov.pl/sedno-webapp/works/915148 The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part B item 1223 (26/01/2017). 1223 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eISSN 2391-8306 7 © The Authors 2019; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 05.05.2019. Revised: 25.05.2019. Accepted: 04.06.2019. A rehabilitation approach to the falls of geriatric patients Marlena Kontowicz1, Beniamin Szmelcer1, Michał Wilczyński1, MartynaLamtych1, Karolina Kubiak1, Aneta Karło1, Olga Rymarska1, Klaudia Kwiatkowska1, Patrycja Wszelaki1 Małgorzata Gajos1, MartaPodhorecka1, Kornelia Kędziora Kornatowska1 1 Faculty of Health Sciences, Department and Clinic of Geriatrics, Nicolaus Copernicus University Abstract: Background: Falls of the elderly are not only in themselves one of the most common problems of geriatric patients, but also the cause of many complications that affect permanently or for a shorter period of time affect the quality of life of people over 65 years of age. These changes affect not only the efficiency and motility of the elderly but also may reduce self-esteem, limit social life or cause loss of self-confidence. Material and methods: Analysis of available literature, articles in the Google Scholar database and PubMed using keywords: falls, geriatrics, aging process, problem Results: In clinical practice, many tests and scales are used to prevent the fall of older people and related complications. These include: Timed Up & Go (TUG), Tinetti scale, Dynamic Gait Index (DGI), One Leg Standing (OLS), Four Square Step Test (FSST), Berg test or Functional Reach (FR). Preventing falls can primarily be achieved by the use of appropriate rehabilitation methods, which include, among others, kinesitherapy and properly selected orthopedic equipment. The aim of individually selected kinesitherapy is to restore or maintain the patient's full fitness through the use of physical exercises to improve the balance, increasing mobility and efficiency. In the case of orthopedic supplies, the most common are baby walkers (without wheels, walker with wheels, using a triangular and quadrangular base) and orthopedic balls. Conclusions: Prophylaxis to prevent destructive effects of falls of geriatric patients should be carried out in a comprehensive manner and cover a wide range of activities. There is a further need for research and discussion on the effectiveness of forms of rehabilitation to prevent the falls of older people Keywords: : falls, geriatrics, aging process, problem &nbsp

Węgrzyn Magdalena, Olesinkiewicz Kinga, Kubiak Karolina, Lamtych Martyna, Karło Aneta, Kontowicz Marlena, WijataAleksandra, Rymarska Olga, Świerczek Pamela, Kwiatkowska Klaudia, Sochań Agata. Multiple sclerosis and dizziness in the elderly. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2019;9(9):288-298. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3402232 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/7394 The journal has had 5 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. § 8. 2) and § 12. 1. 2) 22.02.2019. © The Authors 2019; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 25.08.2019. Revised: 30.08.2019. Accepted: 07.09.2019. Multiple sclerosis and dizziness in the elderly Magdalena Węgrzyn1, Kinga Olesinkiewicz1, Karolina Kubiak1, Martyna Lamtych1, Aneta Karło1, Marlena Kontowicz1, Aleksandra Wijata1, Olga Rymarska1, Pamela Świerczek1, Klaudia Kwiatkowska1 , Agata Sochań1 1)Faculty of Health Sciences, Department and Clinic of Geriatrics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz Abstract Background:The essence of sclerosis disseminated, characteristics of the symptoms of this disease and familiarization with the main difficulties that sick people face. Material and methods:The methods used to treat balance disorders and dizziness are pharmacotherapy, vestibular rehabilitation, lifestyle changes and surgical treatment. Results: The results are not very optimistic, treatment is not too easy symptoms are manifested in motor dysfunction leading to even disability Conclusions:Multiple sclerosis is a disease affecting the nerve center of unknown etiology which makes treating difficult. The onset of the disease is often dizziness or headache. Key words: multiple sclerosis, balance disorders, dizziness, older people

Husejko Jakub, Karło Aneta, Piątkowska Paula, Porada Mateusz, Kontowicz Marlena, Leśniak Zuzanna, Olszewski Bogusz, Łabędź Magdalena, Romaniuk Maciej, Kędziora - Kornatowska Kornelia. Rehabilitation in scoliosis - an overview of the most important procedures. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2019;9(7):378-389. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3346197 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/ The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part B item 1223 (26/01/2017). 1223 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eISSN 2391-8306 7 © The Authors 2019; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 01.07.2019. Revised: 05.07.2019. Accepted: 23.07.2019. Rehabilitation in scoliosis - an overview of the most important procedures Jakub Husejko1, Aneta Karło1, Paula Piątkowska2, Mateusz Porada1, MarlenaKontowicz1, Zuzanna Leśniak1, Bogusz Olszewski1, Magdalena Łabędź1, Maciej Romaniuk1, Kornelia Kędziora - Kornatowska1 Faculty of Health Sciences, Department and Clinic of Geriatrics, Nicolaus Copernicus University Department of Gastroenterology and Eating Disorders, Nicolaus Copernicus University Abstract Introduction: Scoliosis is defined as deformation of the spine and torso in three dimensions. Study show that scoliosis affects 68% of healthy individuals over 65 years of age with no low back pain. The aim of this article is to review the available scoliosis rehabilitation methods, including the newest physical rehabilitation trends. Material and methods: Articles in the Google Scholar, Pub Med database have been analysed using keywords: scoliosis, deformation of the spine and torso, modern methods of rehabilitation, older people. Results: After skeletal maturity, curves less than 30°do not progress, however most curves greater than 50°continue to progress with approximate change of 1°per year. Bracing is one of the most popular options of scoliosis treatment. Braces usage aims to slow the progression of the curve. However, complications resulting from the physical changes caused by the compression of the body and/or psychological effects due to the disturbance of the appearance while wearing the brace may occure. The Lehnert-Schroth three-plane corrective breath method principles are: a proper breathing technique where the ribs are used as levers and the breath is directed to the unstretched parts of lungs allowing correction of the curvature of the spine, and secondly activation of non-working muscles on the side of the concave curvature. Nevertheless, surgical procedure is advised for curves greater than 45° in immature patients and greater than 50° in mature patients. Conclusions: Scoliosis, defined as spinal and torso deformity in three planes. 80% of all cases of this postural defect are juvenile idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). However, degenerative scoliosis developed during the patient’s life due to the degeneration of the discs of the spine is frequent in people over the age of 65. It often limits daily functioning and can cause severe pain that requires medical intervention. It has been proven that properly selected systematic rehabilitation may lead to significant improvement in the spinal alignment. Nevertheless, in severe cases surgical treatment may be necessary. Keywords: scoliosis, deformation of the spine and torso, modern methods of rehabilitation, older people

Kontowicz Marlena, Husejko Jakub, Porada Mateusz, Karło Aneta, Bursiewicz Wiktor, Lange Hubert, Zwolinski Adrian, Nawrocka Agnieszka, Łabędź Magdalena, Romaniuk Maciej, Zaborna Daria, Prylińska Monika, Kędziora‑Kornatowska Kornelia. Sciatica - radiating pain affecting an increasing part of society. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2019;9(7):57-66. eISNN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3265482 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/7094 The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part B item 1223 (26/01/2017). 1223 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eISSN 2391-8306 7 © The Authors 2019; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 20.06.2019. Revised: 25.06.2019. Accepted: 02.07.2019. Sciatica - radiating pain affecting an increasing part of society Marlena Kontowicz1, Jakub Husejko1, Mateusz Porada1, Aneta Karło1, Wiktor Bursiewicz1, Hubert Lange1, Adrian Zwolinski1, Agnieszka Nawrocka1, Magdalena Łabędź1, Maciej Romaniuk1, Daria Zaborna1, Monika Prylińska1, KorneliaKędziora‑Kornatowska1 Faculty of Health Sciences, Department and Clinic of Geriatrics, Nicolaus Copernicus University Introduction: Sciatica is a current and more common problem affecting normal functioning. Along with the development of civilization, the lifestyle has also changed, contributing to spend a large amount of time in a sitting position. Material and Methods: Review of literature data available in the Pubmed, Cochrane and Google Scholar databases. Results: Both in a standing and sitting position, the pressure exerted on the intervertebral discs increases leading to a hernia which, pressing on the roots of the L4-S1 nerves, lead to symptoms characterized by pain in the lumbar region, back of the buttock, thigh, calf, foot and paresthesia of these areas. Due to the progressive changes associated with aging, the frequency of sciatica increases with age. The basis for the diagnosis of sciatica is a carefully collected interview and examination of the patient, while imaging and neurophysiological tests can be helpful in determining the degree of compression on nerve structures. Treatment of sciatica is dependent on the cause and can be both conservative and surgical. Conclusions: Due to the increasing number of cases of sciatica, it seems necessary to expand the knowledge on the diagnostic and therapeutic possibilities of this disease. Keywords: sciatica; herniated disc; back pain; nerve compression; neuralgia; radiculopathy

Szmelcer Beniamin, Lamtych Martyna, Zwolinski Adrian, Lipka Marta, Modlińska Aleksandra, Kubiak Karolina, Kontowicz Marlena, Kwiatkowska Klaudia, Krakowska Natalia, Kuźba Karolina, Karło Aneta, Wilczyński Michał, Gajos Małgorzata, Podhorecka Marta, KędzioraKornatowska Kornelia. Sarcopenia as a problem of old age - a form of rehabilitation. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2019;9(6):137-150. eISNN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3238267 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/6995 https://pbn.nauka.gov.pl/sedno-webapp/works/915145 The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part B item 1223 (26/01/2017). 1223 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eISSN 2391-8306 7 © The Authors 2019; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 05.05.2019. Revised: 25.05.2019. Accepted: 04.06.2019. Sarcopenia as a problem of old age - a form of rehabilitation Beniamin Szmelcer1, Martyna Lamtych1, Adrian Zwolinski1, MartaLipka1, Aleksandra Modlińska1, Karolina Kubiak1, MarlenaKontowicz1, Klaudia Kwiatkowska1, Natalia Krakowska1, Karolina Kuźba1, Aneta Karło1, Michał Wilczyński1, Małgorzata Gajos1, Marta Podhorecka1, Kornelia Kędziora-Kornatowska1 1 Faculty of Health Sciences, Department and Clinic of Geriatrics, Nicolaus Copernicus University Abstract: Background: Sarkopenia as a disease has relatively recently become the object of research and the work of the academic community. Despite this, sarcopenia is an increasingly serious social problem, it can be seen in a large number of statistics and epidemiological studies. Among geriatric patients, along with their multiformity and the associated use of a large amount of medicines, it causes many negative effects related to the functioning of the whole organism as well as the quality of life of the patient himself. Material and methods: Analysis of available literature, articles in the Google Scholar and PubMed database using keywords: sarcopenia, geriatrics, rehabilitation, loss of muscle mass. Results: Among the studies and recommendations concerning sarcopenia, a continuous lack of clear, transparent and confirmed diagnostic criteria can be stated. At the diagnosis of this disease, an X-ray or a bioelectrical impedance analysis is used. Other methods used are functional tests, including a six-minute walk test or "Timed-Up and Go" test (TUG). In the case of rehabilitation of people with sarcopenia, the most effective form of kinesitherapy is individually selected resistive training, which has a positive effect not only on muscle mass growth, but also the body's protein metabolism and the improvement of the endocrine system. Physiotherapy is the most commonly used method of physical therapy, among other methods of rehabilitation there are also therapeutic massage, aqua aerobics, vibratory training, and Nordic Walking and diet supplementation. Conclusions: Sarcopenia in geriatric patients, especially with ineffective treatment and rehabilitation, has a destructive impact on both the physical and mental sphere of the patient. There is a great need for more extensive research, both on the whole disease process and the effectiveness of forms of assistance to patients. Key words: sarcopenia, geriatrics, rehabilitation, loss of muscle mass &nbsp