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Layered double hydroxide (LDH) is a layered solid containing positively charged layers with negatively charged anions as an interchangeable interlayer. In this research, Mg(Al)O supports were synthesized with three different Mg:Al molar ratios, and bimetallic PtSn catalysts were loaded onto the supports via the anion exchange method. The properties of ethane dehydrogenation of the PtSn/Mg(Al)O catalysts were investigated. The results show that the structure and properties of the PtSn/Mg(Al)O catalysts were influenced by the Mg:Al molar ratio of the hydrotalcites, which consequently influenced the ethane dehydrogenation performance. When the Mg:Al ratio was 5:1, the ethane dehydrogenation performance was optimal, relative to the Mg:Al ratios of 2:1 and 10:1.

Objective: To investigate the effects of stilbene glycoside (TSG) on okadaic acid-induced apoptosis in human neuroblastoma cells (SH-SY5Y) via the PI3K/AKT pathway. Methods: The optimal concentration of OA was screened by CCK-8 assay, and SH-SY5Y cells were divided into control group, model group, TSG group, LY294002 group and LY294002+TSG group. The proliferation and apoptosis in each group were detected by CCK-8 and TUNEL assays; Western blotting method and real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the expression of PI3K, P-PI3K (Y607), AKT, P-AKT (Ser473), Bcl-2 and Bax proteins. The relative protein expression was represented by P-PI3K (Y607)/PI3K, P-AKT (Ser473)/AKT and Bcl-2/Bax gray ratio. Results: CCK-8 screened the optimal concentration of OA as 40 nmol/L. Compared with the control group, the model group increased relative cell viability, decreased apoptosis rate, the pathway and apoptotic proteins expression levels of P-PI3K (Y607)/PI3K, P-AKT (Ser473)/AKT and Bcl-2/Bax were decreased, and the mRNA expression levels of PI3K, AKT and Bcl-2 were decreased. Bax mRNA expression level increased (P< 0.05); Compared with model group, TSG group increased relative cell viability, decreased apoptosis rate, increased protein expression levels of P-PI3K (Y607)/PI3K, P-AKT (Ser473)/AKT, Bcl-2/Bax, and increased mRNA expression levels of PI3K, AKT, and Bcl-2. Bax mRNA expression decreased (P<0.05), LY294002 group decreased relative cell viability, increased apoptosis rate, P-PI3K (Y607)/PI3K protein expression levels were significantly decreased (P<0.05), P-AKT (Ser473)/AKT and Bcl-2/Bax protein expression levels were significantly decreased, but there was no statistical significance, PI3K, AKT and Bcl-2 mRNA expression levels were decreased, and Bax mRNA expression levels were increased (all P< 0.05); Compared with LY294002 group, LY294002+TSG group increased relative cell viability, decreased apoptosis rate, and the protein expression levels of P-PI3K (Y607)/PI3K, P-AKT (Ser473)/AKT and Bcl-2/Bax were increased. The mRNA expression levels of PI3K, AKT, Bcl-2 were increased, Bax was decreased (all P< 0.05). Conclusion: Stilbene glycoside may alleviate okadaic acid-induced apoptosis in SHSY5Y cells by interfering with the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, which in turn regulates the expression of apoptotic factors such as Bcl-2 and Bax. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the mechanism of action of tetrahydroxy stilbene glycosides(TSG) in ameliorating neuronal damage in Alzheimer's disease rats by regulating MKK7 and JNK kinases. Methods: A total of 24-month-old 42 SD rats were randomly selected for the experiment in 7 groups: normal group, sham-operated group, model group, positive drug group, low, medium and high dose TSG group at 0.033 g/kg, 0.1 g/kg, 0.3 g/kg. The Model Group and the TSG groups were established by stereotaxic Aß25-35 solution. After 28 days, the model rats were selected by passive avoidance test. After screening, each dosage group of TSG and positive drug group was given intragastrically according to the corresponding dosage, and the experiment was carried out after 28 days. The pathological changes of hippocampal CA1 region were observed by tissue staining, and the amount of MKK7 and JNK proteins and the expression content of MKK7 and JNK mRNA by histochemical method of protein, and qRTPCR assay. Results: (1) He staining observation: Compared with the normal group and the sham-operated group, the number of nerve cells in the model group decreased and arranged irregularly, the cell membrane shrank, and the nucleus deformed and dissolved. The number of neurons in the positive drug group and TSG Group also increased significantly, the order is also relatively well. (2) From the results of the Tunel staining experiments:the positive apoptotic cells in the model group were higher than control group and sham-operated group, positive drug group and TSG drugs group was significantly smaller than that in the model group (P < 0.05). (3) Compared with the control group and the Virtual Operation Group, the MKK7 and JNK protein concentrations in the brain of the model group were increased(P<0.05) by data analysis of immunohistochemistry: Compared with the model group, the protein expression of positive drug and TSG each dose group were reduced (P<0.05). (4)The results of QRTPCR data showed that the levels of MKK7 and JNK mRNA in the brain tissue of the model group were increased compared with the normal group and sham-operated groups(P<0.05). Conclusion: Stilbene glycoside has a certain effect on neuronal injury and repair which may be related to the changes of mRNA transcription and protein expression of MKK7 and JNK kinases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] Plant resources of the Micang Mountain Nature Reserve in Shaanxi Province were identified through field survey. This investigation provided a theoretical basis for the study of the flora of Shaanxi Province, and was of great significance for the protection and utilization of plant resources in Shaanxi Province. [Methods] One newly recorded genus and four newly recorded plants in Shaanxi Province were determined by consulting the literature and comparing the specimens in collections. [Results] One newly recorded genus of the vascular plants, Gonocarpus Thunberg, and its newly recorded species Gonocarpus micranthus Thunberg in Shaanxi Province were determined. In addition, three newly recorded plants were found, including Viburnum atrocyaneum C. B. Clarke (Viburnaceae), Carpesium minus Hemsley (Asteraceae), and Euonymus oxyphyllus Miquel (Celastraceae). [Conclusion] This study improves the records of vascular plants in Shaanxi province. The voucher specimens are stored in the herbarium of Northwest A&F University (WUK).

IntroductionWith the continuous development of exploration and development, tight sandstone reservoirs have become an essential field of oil and gas exploration. The tight sandstone reservoirs are characterized by complex lithology, poor pore structure, and strong heterogeneity, which bring great difficulties to formation evaluation by well logs. Especially, the accuracy of the Archie formula for calculating the water saturation of tight sandstone reservoirs containing fractures is not high, saturation evaluation faces greater challenges. Therefore, how to calculate the saturation of tight sandstone reservoirs more accurately is an urgent problem to be solved.MethodsIn this paper, the tight sandstone reservoirs of the Jurassic Ahe Formation in the Tarim Basin were taken as the research area. A saturation model that combines the effects of shale and fractures was proposed. Specifically, if the shale content is more than 20%, the Indonesian formula is used to calculate the saturation. If the shale content is less than 20%, the dual porosity model is adopted. Based on the rock resistivity and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiment results, the porosity and T2 logarithmic mean values are selected as influencing factors to calculate the key parameters of the dual porosity model.Results and DiscussionThe saturation of tight sandstone reservoirs in the Jurassic Ahe Formation of the Tarim Basin is calculated through the method proposed in this paper. The case study shows that the accuracy of the proposed method is higher than that of the Archie model. The method proposed in this paper demonstrates excellent adaptability in the quantitative evaluation of saturation for tight sandstone reservoirs.

Aiming at the problem of designing guidance law to attack surface target at a specific angle, a reinforcement learning guidance law model is constructed by using depth deterministic strategy gradient algorithm, and the model states, reward rules and guidance environment are designed. By setting different initial conditions and attack angles, the guidance law model is trained and the guidance law is stable. The reinforcement learning guidance law can make the missile hit the fixed target with constraint attack angle and it can hit the surface target with low speed within small attack angle error. The simulation results show that compared with the optimal guidance law with constraint attack angle, the attack angle convergence rate of the enhanced learning guidance law with constraint attack angle is faster, the acceleration change is smoother, the acceleration value at the end of guidance is smaller, the ability to adapt to battlefield conditions is much better.

This study aimed to investigate the effect of diatrizoate vaginal stump markers on the dose distribution of postoperative radiotherapy for cervical cancer. From July 2022 to July 2023, 12 patients who underwent radical postoperative radiotherapy for cervical cancer at Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child-Care Hospital, Gansu Provincial Central Hospital, and who had cotton balls with meglumine diatrizoate placed to mark the vaginal stump before positioning were enlisted. Volume modulated arc therapy was designed as Plan A and was used in the actual treatment plan. The relative electron density value of the vaginal stump area marked by meglumine diatrizoate was replaced by the relative electron density value of the normal vaginal wall, and Plan B was recalculated, keeping the planning optimization parameters unchanged. The evaluation indicators and dose distributions were compared between the two group. The results showed that the Homogeneity index（HI）was slightly worse in the Plan B group than the Plan A group (1.048 vs. 1.047) but the Conformance index (CI) (0.870 vs. 0.868) was better in the Plan B group. The average dose to the planned target volum (46.48 vs. 46.47) and the dose to the vaginal stump (47.14 vs. 46.45) were higher for Plan B than Plan A, and the minimum dose to the rectum (6.42 vs. 6.49) was lower for Plan B than Plan A. The effect of diatrizoate vaginal stump markers on dose distribution was negligible.

Introduction: Permeability is one of the most important parameters for reservoir evaluation. It is commonly measured in laboratories using underground core samples. However, it cannot describe the entire reservoir because of the limited number of cores. Therefore, petrophysicists use well logs to establish empirical equations to estimate permeability. This method has been widely used in conventional sandstone reservoirs, but it is not applicable to tight sandstone reservoirs with low porosity, extremely low permeability, and complex pore structures.Methods: Machine learning models can identify potential relationships between input features and sample labels, making them a good choice for establishing permeability prediction models. A stacking model is an ensemble learning method that aims to train a meta-learner to learn an optimal combination of expert models. However, the meta-learner does not evaluate or control the experts, making it difficult to interpret the contribution of each model. In this study, we design a gate network stacking (GNS) model, which is an algorithm that combines data and model-driven methods. First, an input log combination is selected for each expert model to ensure the best performance of the expert model and selfoptimization of the hyperparameters. Petrophysical constraints are then added to the inputs of the expert model and meta-learner, and weights are dynamically assigned to the output of the expert model. Finally, the overall performance of the model is evaluated iteratively to enhance its interpretability and robustness.Results and discussion: The GNS model is then used to predict the permeability of a tight sandstone reservoir in the Jurassic Ahe Formation in the Tarim Basin. The case study shows that the permeability predicted by the GNS model is more accurate than that of other ensemble models. This study provides a new approach for predicting the parameters of tight sandstone reservoirs.

ABSTRACTDieffenbachia standleyi Croat is a plant belonging to Araceae and is native to Central America, and South America. While there have been studies on the Dieffenbachia species, Dieffenbachia standleyi Croat has yet to be studied in depth. Dieffenbachia was used as a folk remedy to prevent inflammation and treat gout, erectile dysfunction, and coldness. Thus, this study investigates the pharmacological function of Dieffenbachia standleyi Croat's methanol extract (DSE). When RAW 264.7 macrophages were treated with DSE and stimulated with lipopolysaccharide, DSE reduced the expression of inducible nitric oxide (NO) synthase and cyclooxygenase-2, thereby decreasing NO and prostaglandin E2 production and pro-inflammatory cytokines including IL-1β, IL-18, IL-6, and TNF-α. By confirming DSE's anti-inflammatory mechanisms, we determined that DSE inhibits IκBα phosphorylation in the nuclear factor κappa B pathway, and inflammasome formation, without affecting MAPK pathways. This study suggests that Dieffenbachia standleyi Croat is a potential anti-inflammatory agent for inflammatory diseases.

Background: Panax ginseng Meyer is a medicinal plant well-known for its antiviral activities against various viruses, but its antiviral effect on coronavirus has not yet been studied thoroughly. The antiviral activity of Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) and ten ginsenosides against Human coronavirus OC43 (HCoV-OC43) was investigated in vitro. Methods: The antiviral response and mechanism of action of KRG extract and ginsenoside Rc, Re, Rf, Rg1, Rg2-20 (R) and −20 (S), Rg3-20 (R) and −20 (S), and Rh2-20 (R) and −20 (S), against the human coronavirus strain OC43 were investigated by using plaque assay, time of addition assay, real-time PCR, and FACS analysis. Results: Virus plaque formation was reduced in KRG extract-treated and HCoV-OC43-infected HCT-8 cells. KRG extract decreased the viral proteins (Nucleocapsid protein and Spike protein) and mRNA (N and M gene) expression, while increased the expression of interferon genes. Conclusion: KRG extract exhibits antiviral activity by enhancing the expression of interferons and can be used in treating infections caused by HCoV-OC43.

Objective To explore potential correlation between liver inflammatory response and viral infection index in patients with hepatitis B virus(HBV). Methods Totally 198 serum samples from HBV infected patients and healthy subjects were collected. Patients were divided into different groups according to alanine transaminase/aspartate transaminase(ALT/AST), HBV-DNA, hepatitis B E Antigen(HBeAg) and liver cirrhosis situation; ELISA was used to determine the B cell-attracting chemokine 1(BCA-1) and stem cell factor(SCF) level; the relationship between BCA-1, SCF and other clinical indicators, including ALT/AST, HBV-DNA, HBeAg and cirrhosis condition, were analyzed in different groups; the data was analyzed either with unpaired t test, or with Mann-Whitney U test according to normal distribution, and Spearman method was used for correlation analysis. Results The levels of serum BCA-1 and SCF in HBV infected patients were significantly higher than those in healthy controls(P＜0.001). The serum SCF level was significantly higher in cirrhosis patients than patients without cirrhosis(P＜0.01). The BCA-1 level was significantly different between HBV-DNA+ and HBV-patients, as well as between alpha-fetoprotein(AFP) normal and abnormal patients(P＜0.05). BCA-1 was significantly higher in HBV-DNA+ patients than that in HBV-DNA-patients and was lower in AFP abnormal patients than in normal patients. Furthermore, BCA-1 was positively relate to HBV-DNA and HBeAg level(R=0.314, R=0.456,P＜0.01). Conclusions BCA-1 was significantly related to HBV DNA, while SCF is upregulated in cirrhosis patients with HBV infection, which may be the potential candidate of clinical indicators for HBV infection.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the short-term outcomes after simultaneous gastrectomy plus cholecystectomy in gastric cancer patients. PUBMED, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library were searched from inception to Apr 15, 2021. Short-term surgical outcomes were compared between the simultaneous gastrectomy plus cholecystectomy group and the gastrectomy only group. Five retrospective studies with 3,315 patients and 1 randomized controlled trial with 130 patients were included. There was no significant difference in age, sex, surgical methods, or reconstruction. In terms of short-term outcomes, no significance was found in postoperative complications (odds ratio, OR = 1.08, I 2 = 24%, 95% CI = 0.78–1.50, P = 0.65), postoperative biliary complications (OR = 0.98, I 2 = 0%, 95% CI = 0.43–2.25, P = 0.96), mortality (OR = 1.28, I 2 = 0%, 95% CI = 0.49–3.37, P = 0.61), and postoperative hospital stay (MD = −0.10, I 2 = 0%, 95% CI = −0.73–0.54, P = 0.77) between the two groups. Simultaneous gastrectomy plus cholecystectomy in gastric cancer patients is safe and does not increase the short-term outcomes.

Non-isothermal kinetics of coal/char conversion obtained by model-fitting and model-free methods are always very different, and the effect of heating rate β on the kinetics is unclear. In this study, the oxyfuel combustion kinetics of two coal chars (NCP anthracite, DT bituminous) at βs of 2.5–40 K/min are investigated through thermogravimetric analysis. The direct model-fitting methods (DMFMs), the isothermal model-fitting method (IMFM) and the model-free methods (MFRMs) were used to obtain the non-isothermal kinetics. The results show that all the above models can fit experimental data well, due to the coefficients of determination values of these models are all above 0.99. However, the activation energies, Es, at different βs obtained by the DMFMs differ greatly from the isothermal kinetic parameters, the maximum differences in Es are 43–57 and 22–35 kJ/mol for the NCP and DT chars, respectively; while the Es obtained by the IMFM are almost same for each char, and more consistent with the isothermal experimental results, indicating β has little influence on the E. Moreover, the MFRMs are difficult to distinguish the influence of coal rank, due to the obtained mean (E¯) values of both chars conversion are practically equal, and much lower than the isothermal experimental results. Therefore, the IMFM is more suitable than DMFMs and MFRMs, for determining the non-isothermal kinetics of char oxyfuel conversion.

To initially improve the gas production rate and shorten the payback period for tight gas reservoirs, the multiple-fractured horizontal well (MFHW) model is always applied. However, in the late stages of exploitation, it is difficult to adopt reasonable measures for enhanced gas recovery (EGR), particular for continental sedimentary formation with multiple layers, and efficient strategies for EGR in this type of gas field have not yet been presented. Therefore, in this paper, a typical tight gas reservoir in the late stages of exploitation, the Denglouku gas reservoir in Changling gas field, in which MFHWs were utilized and contributed to the communication of the higher Denglouku formation (0.34 mol% CO2) and lower Yingcheng formation (27 mol% CO2) during hydraulic fracturing, is studied comprehensively. Firstly, alongside the seismic, logging, drilling and experimental data, 3D geological and numerical simulation models are developed. According to the differences in CO2 mole fractions for different formations, the gas production rate of MFHWs produced from Denglouku formation is accurately calculated. Then, the well gas production rate (WGPR) and the well bottom-hole pressure (WBHP) history are matched with the calculated values, and thus the types of remaining gas are provided through the fine reservoir description. Finally, in a combination of gas recovery and economics, the optimal infill well type and the adjustment scheme are determined. The results show that there are three main categories of remaining gas, which are areal distribution, abundant points, and marginal dispersion, and the ratios of reaming gas reserve for these three types are 80.3%, 4.2%, and 15.5%, respectively. For the tight gas reservoir developed by MFHWs with parallel and zipper patterns, the best infilling well type is the vertical well. The combination of patching holes, sidetracking, infilling and boosting can obtain the highest gas recovery, while the scheme with patching holes and sidetracking has the best economic benefits. To balance the gas recovery and economics, the measurement of patching holes, sidetracking and infilling with vertical wells is utilized. In the final production period, compared with the basic schemes, the gas recovery can increase by 5.5%. The primary novelty of this paper lies in the determination of the optimal infilling well types and its presentation of a comprehensive adjustment workflow for EGR in tight gas reservoirs. The conclusions in this paper can provide some guidance for other similar tight gas reservoirs developed with MFHWs in the later period.

Objective: To explore the therapeutic effect and mechanism of myricetin on disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Methods: The DIC model was established by injection of 60 mg/kg LPS in KM mice, and the treatment groups were injected myricetin with different concentrations (25 or 50 mg/kg) 30 min before the model was established. Both coagulation indicators and organ function were tested, including PT, APTT, fibrinogen, AST, ALT, BUN and tissue section. In vitro, the inflammatory model of RAW 264.7 macrophage cells were established by 10 μg/mL LPS. The treatment group was treated with 50 μmol/mL myricetin for 30 min before LPS, and the expression of TNF-α and p-NF-κB was detected, further to explore the therapeutic mechanism. Results: LPS-induced DIC led to a reduction of fibrinogen and a rise of PT, APTT, AST, ALT, BUN levels, but the treatment of myricetin significantly inhibited these abnormalities. Histopathology analysis also revealed that myricetin remarkably protected the liver and renal damage. In vitro, the expression of TNF-α and p-NF-κB induced by LPS was repressed by myricetin. Conclusions: This study provides new insights into the protective effects of myricetin in LPS-induced DIC by anticoagulant and anti-inflammatory via suppressing the activation of p-NF-κB which decreased TNF-α level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]