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Bazaars, which have played an important role in Anatolia's urbanization history, are public spaces that promote social solidarity. Bazaars, which have historically been the centers of both economic and social activity, continue to give social and cultural contributions to societies while also serving as commercial centers. In this framework, bazaars are also viewed as crucial sociability places for societies. Turkey's various historical bazaars are vital cultural legacies from past to present. Nevertheless, 7.7 and 7.6 earthquakes in Kahramanmaraş on February 6 catastrophically damaged or destroyed many of the area's bazaars. As part of the recovery process, it was revealed that after earthquakes, artisan bazaars were established in the region with the support of municipalities in various provinces. It is argued that these bazaars, have important functions in the development of city centres and in the processes of providing for the economic and socio-cultural services of the residents. In this study, it is aimed to analyse the spatial and functional characteristics of the bazaars established in the central district of Adıyaman after the earthquakes and to reveal the economic and socio-cultural benefits. The research is based on the data and observations collected from fieldworks. In this scope, a total of 57 interviews were conducted with shopkeepers in 8 bazaars established in Adıyaman after the earthquake. Based on the findings, proximity to the city center and transportation routes was prioritized in the selection of the bazaar locations. Hence, it was ensured that people had easier access to the bazaars. Nevertheless, the establishment of the bazaars in a short period of time after the earthquake had caused planning and infrastructural weaknesses. Finally, field studies and observations show that the artisan bazaars established in the central district of Adıyaman province have made significant contributions to disaster management and normalization processes. For artisans, bazaars are not only a place to carry out commercial activities, but also a place to spend time with individuals in the community, to share similar feelings and thoughts, and to establish their daily living standards before the earthquake. The most important contribution of the bazaars is to reduce the psychological and traumatic processes that the earthquake has caused on individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Development is an essential concept of social and economic progress. In Turkiye, non-governmental organisations contribute to development and empowerment through their activities. The aim of this research is to respond to “What are the alterations caused by NGOs empowerment activities in the field of development of refugee and local women’s triple role in society after the 2011 Syrian crisis?”Method: This research article employed qualitative methodology with semi-structured face-to-face and online interviews. The interviewer was selected from 10 NGOs officers between the ages of 24-35 who graduated from social sciences and humanities and had at least 2 years’ experience working in the social cohesion, livelihoods, and protection units of NGOs.Results: The findings reveal that NGOs empowerment activities that considered "class andgender," "community participation," and "social cohesion, as concepts have effects on refugeeand local women’s triple role in society after the 2011 Syrian Crisis.Conclusion: Development policies and NGOs activities have an important role in the civil society. Itenhances women status in the society. Additionally, NGOs’ activities that focused on women'sempowerment and women's strategic life choices (resources, agency, and success), have positiveimpacts women’s triple roles.

ÖZ:Katar, doğal kaynaklarının zenginliği sayesinde hızlı bir kalkınma süreci içerisinde bulunmaktadır. Bu durumun sürdürülebilirliği için ise Katar Ulusal Kalkınma Stratejisi 2030 gibi önemli adımlar atmaktadır. Bu strateji belgesi, ekonomik çeşitlendirme, eğitim reformu, sürdürülebilir şehircilik, ulaşım altyapısının güçlendirilmesi ile çevresel sürdürülebilirlik gibi kalkınmanın çeşitli yönlerine odaklanmaktadır. Ayrıca özgürlüklerin korunması, ahlaki ve dini değerlerin teşvik edilmesi, güvenlik, istikrar ve fırsat eşitliğinin garanti altına alınmasını hedeflemektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Katar Ulusal Kalkınma Stratejisi 2030'un içeriğini detaylı bir şekilde irdelemek, ilerleme sürecini değerlendirmek ve ülkenin mevcut plan ile ortaya konulan hedeflere ulaşma noktasındaki performansını analiz etmektir. Araştırma, planın uygulamaya konulduğu 2008’den günümüze kadar geçen süreci ele almaktadır. Çalışmanın sınırlılığını Strateji Belgesinde yer alan temel sacayaklarındaki bütün unsurları bir arada ölçecek kapsamlı bir veri setinin bulunmaması oluşturmaktadır. Bu kapsamda "Beşerî Kalkınma", "Sosyal Kalkınma", "Ekonomik Kalkınma" ve "Çevresel Kalkınma" parametrelerini ölçebileceği düşünülen ve literatürde sıklıkla kullanılan veri setlerinden yararlanılmıştır. Analiz, Katar'ın QNV 2030 hedeflerine yönelik ilerleme kaydetmiş olmasına rağmen hala sorunlar ve iyileştirilmesi gereken alanlar olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. ABSTRACT:Qatar is experiencing significant development as a result of its abundant natural resources. Qatar is taking crucial initiatives to ensure the sustainability of this position, such as the Qatar National Development Strategy 2030. This strategy paper focuses a variety of development issues, including economic diversification, education reform, sustainable urbanisation, transportation infrastructure strengthening, and environmental sustainability. It also seeks to safeguard liberties, promote moral and religious values, and provide security, stability, and equality of opportunity. The goal of this research is to thoroughly investigate the content of the Qatar National Development Strategy 2030, assess its development, and analyse the country's success in reaching the targets outlined in the existing plan. The analysis covers the period from the plan's implementation in 2008 to the present. The study's drawback is the lack of a complete data set to measure all of the pillars of the strategy document simultaneously. In this context, data sets that are commonly used in the literature to measure the dimensions of "human development," "social development," "economic development," and "environmental development" were used. The analysis revealed that, while Qatar has made progress towards the QNV 2030 goals, there are still problems and areas that require improvement.

The heavy burden brought by the tax practices during the Second World War increased the reaction against the government on the producing class, the peasants and farmers. This reaction started to rise within the CHP and increased the number and influence of the MPs who formed the opposition group within the party. Post-war statements stating that Turkey was in favor of a liberal economy and multi-party democracy facilitated the establishment of opposition political parties. The Democratic Party showed itself as a strong opposition party in 1946. The party, which received great support especially from peasants and farmers, came to power in the 1950 elections. It has been observed that most of the political parties established against the DP, which based its development policy on agriculture and agriculture-based areas during its rule, could not show their presence in the elections and continued the agriculture-based development policies of the DP. Although opposition political parties established for ideological reasons had different solutions to problems such as agricultural insurance, seasonal unemployment, and migration from rural to urban areas, it was observed that these parties could not show a presence in the elections. In this article, the agricultural practices of the opposition political parties established against the DP government are examined according to their programs and declarations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Omer Halisdemir Universitesi Iktisadi ve Idari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of Omer Halisdemir University, Faculty of Economics & Admistrative Sciene and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Journal of World Geography & Development Perspectives / Dünya Coğrafyası ve Kalkınma Perspektifi Dergisi is the property of Ataturk University Coordinatorship of Scientific Journals and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Qatar is experiencing significant development as a result of its abundant natural resources. Qatar is taking crucial initiatives to ensure the sustainability of this position, such as the Qatar National Development Strategy 2030. This strategy paper focuses a variety of development issues, including economic diversification, education reform, sustainable urbanisation, transportation infrastructure strengthening, and environmental sustainability. It also seeks to safeguard liberties, promote moral and religious values, and provide security, stability, and equality of opportunity. The goal of this research is to thoroughly investigate the content of the Qatar National Development Strategy 2030, assess its development, and analyse the country's success in reaching the targets outlined in the existing plan. The analysis covers the period from the plan's implementation in 2008 to the present. The study's drawback is the lack of a complete data set to measure all of the pillars of the strategy document simultaneously. In this context, data sets that are commonly used in the literature to measure the dimensions of 'human development," "social development," "economic development," and "environmental development" were used The analysis revealed that, while Qatar has made progress towards the QNV 2030 goals, there are still problems and areas that require improvement [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of R&S: Research Studies Anatolia Journal is the property of Dr. Arif Yildiz and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Modern Turkish History Studies / Çagdas Türkiye Tarihi Arastirmalari Dergisi is the property of Journal of Modern Turkish History Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Bu çalışmada, küreselleşen dünyada dijitalleşmenin bir sonucu olarak bilgi teknolojileri ve blok zincir teknolojisinin kalkınma ile olan ilişkisiyle devletlerin üstelendiği misyon ilişkisi üzerinde durulmuştur. Ayrıca hayatın her alanına hızlıca nüfuz ederek dijital ekonominin önemli yapı taşları arasında yer alan bilgi teknolojilerinin kalkınma üzerindeki rolüne değinilmiştir. Bilgi teknolojileri ardından blok zincir teknolojisinin konumu, önemi vurgulanmış ve kalkınmadaki rolü gibi konular irdelenmiştir. Çalışma teknolojiyi içsel bir faktör olarak ele alan Kaldor büyüme teorisi esasına dayanmaktadır. Ayrıca kamu sektöründe birçok uygulama alanı bulunan blok zincir teknolojisinin avantajları ve kısıtları ele alınmıştır. Bu çerçevede Boumol tarafından yapılan tasnifte verimsiz sektör olarak görülen kamunun verimliliğinin blok zincir teknolojisi ile artırılabileceği öngörülmektedir. Blok zincir teknolojisinin ülkelerin gelişmişlik düzeyleri kapsamında atacağı adımlar ve yapılması gerekenler ifade edilmektedir. Böylelikle devletlerin blok zincir teknolojisinin kapsamında kamu idarelerinde kullanımı kalkınma açısından önem arz etmektedir.

Developlment is a versatilen issue with its economic, social and cultural dimensions. These have social, economical and cultural character. Because of the fact that social sturctures are output of human and environment, we wanted to research Arapgir People and their environmental factours. Arapgir has got a lot of elite people espically poltics, artistic, adminstartive manpower. In this context Arapgir has a big performance according to its neighbor town. In this study Evaluation of Arapgir Agrarian Development Model has analyzed on account of enterpreneurship cultural developed Arapgir Municipality. This development model is very important key role for Arapgir due to the fact that it has made difference regional porgress in Arapgir city. This project has been aimed compound environs town about development. In this context, this study has been researched with scouring model. Sociological theory has been taken over metodologically. Books, manuscripts, and data on web media have drewn on as material documents. In addition to it has done interview about Arapgir with worthies and noted a lot of issues. These are very significant for research. Firstly we studied conceptual framework in this article. Secondly we have introduced Arapgir City as her futures. Finaly we explained that Arapgir Agrarian Devolopment Model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Alinteri Journal of Social Sciences is the property of Adem Yavuz Sonmez and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Çalışma ve Toplum is the property of Calisma ve Toplum and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

It is obvious for countries that development is as much important as economic growth. One of the most important factors that affect both growth and development is the human capital potential of the country. Seize and quality of human capital has a repercussion that affects development process positively and accelerates the process. The most important factors that affect human capital are the properties of education and health sector of a country. It is accepted that quality and quantity of thehuman capital which is progressed via education and health services affects the development process positively. It may be possible both to gather information about human capital of the countries' using their own databases on the education and health sector and benefit from Human Development Index (HDI) which is accepted as the most basic international data. In this paper, the progress of human capital in Turkey is presented by using education and health indicators and HDI data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Çankırı Karatekin University Journal of the Faculty of Economics & Administrative Sciences is the property of Cankiri Karatekin University, Faculty of Economics & Administrative Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of International Journal of Disciplines Economics & Administrative Scienves Studies is the property of International Journal of Disciplines in Economics & Administrative Sciences Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of University Research / Üniversite Araştırmaları Dergisi is the property of Journal of University Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Üniversiteler eğitim ve araştırma misyonu ön planda olan kurumlar olsa da, kuruldukları kentlerin kalkınmasında üniversitelerin önemli işlevlere sahip olduğu söylenebilir. Bu noktada üniversite kurulması planlanan kentlerin gelişime açık bir potansiyelinin olması gerekmektedir. Gelişme potansiyeli taşımayan kentlerde üniversiteler açılarak o kentlerin kalkınmasının amaçlanması, içerisinde birçok riski barındırmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Tunceli kentinin tarihsel süreçten günümüze ekonomik, demografik sosyo-kültürel, mekânsal yapısındaki değişim süreçleri, Munzur Üniversitesi’nin kuruluşu paralelinde ele alınarak değerlendirilmeye çalışılmıştır. Çalışmada nitel yönteme dayalı içerik analizi tekniğinden yararlanılmıştır. Çalışmada, üniversite kent ilişkisine dair yabancı ve yerli literatürde yer alan kitap, makale, tez ve internet kaynaklarına, resmi kurum ve sivil toplum örgütlerinin rapor ve dokümanlarından yararlanılmıştır. Sonuç olarak, Munzur Üniversitesi’nin kentin ekonomik, demografik, sosyo-kültürel ve mekânsal gelişimine sınırlı düzeyde etkisinin olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Bu durumun başlıca kentin tarihsel süreçten itibaren farklı alanlarda sahip olduğu dezavantajlı konumundan ve Türkiye’de üniversitelerin kuruluş süreçlerindeki planlama eksikliklerinden kaynaklandığı söylenebilir.

Copyright of Afyon Kocatepe University Journal of Social Sciences / Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi is the property of Afyon Kocatepe University (AKU) Sosyal Bilimler Enstitusu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

It is a sociological reality that individual differences exist in society. However, despite all our differences, we see that we have mentalities that show that we do not think very differently from each other in our social life. These mentalities also affect the unique development and progress processes of each society. In our research, from such a point of view, the universe of meaning of the phenomenon of mentality that determines and transforms attitudes and behaviors was revealed and it was evaluated how working in a regional development agency has an effect on the perception of development agency personnel towards the concept of development. This study is the first of its kind in Türkiye since the relationship between development and mentality has not been revealed in a sociological sense until today. The data of the research, which adopts the interpretative sociology method, is limited to the results of in-depth interviews conducted with 45 staff working in the development agency between December 2019 and February 2020. According to the findings obtained in this study, it is understood that the habitus of regional development agencies provides a multidimensional perspective to the agency staff, but the authoritarian mentality elements dominant in the public sector shape the habitus in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Development plans are one of the political tools that shape the education approaches of countries. In recent years, researchers and policy-makers have focused on development plans and their implications. Previous studies discuss the responsibilities development plans impose on education authorities from various perspectives. However, the Ministry of National Education's political duties have been neglected in the current development plan. For this reason, the duties given to the Ministry of National Education in the XIth Development Plan are discussed in the present study. The data of the study was obtained from the relevant development plan. Document analysis design was used, and MAXQDA 2020 software was utilized. According to the findings, equity, educational approaches/policies, and vocational education are prominent issues in the development plan. Strengthening the technical infrastructure of educational institutions, increasing the quality of education, regulations on curricula, emphasis on skill-design-competence, and guidance services are other prominent subject areas of the plan. The discussion based on the literature shows that the current development plan, like the previous development plans, made a correct diagnosis but did not reach effective results. The COVID-19 pandemic is thought to be significantly effective in this. Based on the results, some suggestions were made to the researchers and policy-makers about development plans and political duties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to examine the thoughts of Turkish philosophers in the Republican era on the development of Turkey, instead of focusing on the mainstream approach that claims to be universal in the development literature. In this context, within the framework of economic development, the views of philosophers who deal with the development process in sociological, cultural, and economic terms were examined by scanning the national literature. Due to the scarcity of comprehensive studies examining the development views of Republican philosophers in the literature, it tries to understand and explain the development problem from the Eurocentric perspective, based on the perspective of local philosophers who have grown up in national socio-economic and political conditions and dynamics and have experienced it in the historical process. In this respect, it is thought that this study will fill an important gap in the literature. As a result, it has been understood that the approach that Turkey's development problems can be solved with policies that take into account their uniqueness has been adopted by the philosophers of the Republican period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Turkish Journal of Geographical Sciences / Coğrafi Bilimler Dergisi is the property of Cografi Bilimler Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study analyses the relationship between cities, governance, and sustainable development. It emphasizes the importance of local governments in providing effective services and contributing to development. The study examines the concepts of city, urbanization, and sustainable development and the relationship between them. The impact of urbanization on economic growth and demographic changes is emphasized and discussed. The study employs a qualitative methodology and includes a development-based content analysis of local government legislation in Türkiye. The study also emphasizes the role of metropolitan governments in urban development and the need for development-oriented legislation and concludes with the suggestion that the legislation regulating local government institutions should be redesigned to prioritize economic development and sustainable practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, the efforts for the development of rural areas, the steps of which were started with the establishment of the Republic, and the process until the establishment of the village institutes were evaluated; the purpose of the establishment of the institutes, the theoretical and practical training provided by the institutes, the role and importance of the institutes in the development and planning of the rural region where the institutes were established, and their contribution to the rural areas are mentioned. Detailed information was given about 21 village institutes, the infrastructure of which was prepared since the first days of the Republic and started to be established under the name of Village Institutes on April 17, 1940, in addition to the teachers trained by the institutes, the effects of the institutes on the planning and their efforts for the development of the region with the region-specific productions decided in line with the data obtained by the evaluation of the physical and geographical characteristics of the region are mentioned. Mainly political and social influences that had factors on the closure of the village institutes with its difficult adventure from its establishment to its closure are included. Comparative information about the place in the world of Village Institutes which is seen as one of the most important rural development movements of the Republic is given, and their possible contributions to today's rural development and planning is explained with the assessment of what would be the effects on rural planning and development if the institutes were not closed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sovereign wealth funds indicate savings of governments other than national reserves. Sovereign wealth funds can be defined as companies which are established in order to achieve macro-economic goals of the government. National reserves are foreign currency assets and gold of goverments in central banks. However, sovereign wealth funds aim to make profits by using national reserves which are redundant and current account surplus. These funds first emerged in 1950's especially in the Gulf countries, which had an extraordinary revenue stream due to oil revenue, were accepted over time by European countries such as Norway whose exports were much higher than imports with a high current surplus, as well as Asian countries such as China, Hong Kong, Singapore, Russia. A sovereign wealth fund had been established in the name of Türkiye Wealth Fund in our country in 2016. The purpose of the establishment of the fund had been settled as a long-term development perspective with sustainable growth and stability. In this study, a conceptual information had been tried to be presented about the sovereign wealth fund. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the development of the information society in the 1990s, the source of technological development began to be knowledge and human capital. The aim of this study is to examine the role of knowledge-based intellectual capital, which creates an important value especially for businesses, in the development process with a macro approach. The study examined the 2001-2021 period for economies of ten developing countries (Turkey, Argentina, Brazil, Mexico, Russia, Poland, Romania, South Africa, India, and Indonesia) using the variables of R&D expenditures, bureaucratic quality index, and education index as intellectual capital components. According to the results of panel ARDL analysis used to determine the effect in question, there is a positive and significant relationship between intellectual capital components on the development level of countries in both short and long terms. In addition, a bidirectional causality relationship is determined between intellectual capital variables and economic development. It can be stated that investments that countries make in their intellectual capital are an important determinant of their level of development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Travel & Tourism Research is the property of Journal of Travel & Tourism Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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The developmental differences between regions, which have become more evident with globalization, are one of the most important problems faced by countries who also bring many negative socio-economic, political and cultural reflections. In this context, reducing the regional development inequalities that threaten all the countries around the world has become one of the primary goals of the countries. This situation revealed the need for a new administrative structure and as a result, the establishment of regional development agencies has become a main topic. The regional development agencies first emerged in the United States, became widespread in Europe after the Second World War, and came to Turkey prominence during the process of membership to the European Union. The basis of governance is the unity and cooperation of the public-private sector-civil society organizations. And this shows that governance focuses on a multi-actor management. In this context, the success of the policies and practices to be implemented on a regional scale depends on the cooperation and unity between the development agencies and local actors. Therefore, this study aimed to explain the formation, development and activities of the development agencies, which are one of the most important actors of understanding regional governance, from the perspective of localization and governance whose importance has increased with globalization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Economics, Business, Politics, & International Relations (JEBPIR) / Ekonomi Işletme Siyaset ve Uluslararsi Ilişkiler Dergisi (JEBPIR) is the property of Ekonomi Isletme Siyaset ve Uluslararsi Iliskiler Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of International Journal of Eurasian Education & Culture is the property of Ayse Burcu Ulusoy and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of International Journal of Global Tourism Research / Uluslararası Global turizm Araştırmaları Dergisi is the property of International Journal of Global Tourism Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of International Journal of Global Tourism Research / Uluslararası Global turizm Araştırmaları Dergisi is the property of International Journal of Global Tourism Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Development is a multi-dimensional process that involves changes in social and economic structure. The study deals with the relationship between health spending (HS), economic growth per capita (RGDP), and development level (HDI). A country's healthcare situation is the key component of the development level. The study explores the interdependence in Turkey and aims to combine economic level and health aspects of development. Based on this idea, the relation between the variables is analyzed by using Johansen co-integration and causality tests. The data set covers the period from 1990-2019. The empirical findings of the study confirm a significant relationship between development level, health spending, and economic growth both in short term and long term in Turkey. The causality results showed only one-way causality was obtained, from HS to HDI and from GDP to HDI. Findings show that an increase in health spending and income level in Turkey affects development positively in the long run. A planned increase in health expenditures for sustainable development is presented as a future direction.

Due to the limited resources in the world and the increasing global competition, countries are trying to use their production factors effectively. An effective resource management creates increases in the growth figures of countries. In Turkey, various supports are given to cooperatives in order to increase production and to eliminate the rural-urban discrimination. Recently, women's cooperatives have come to the fore among cooperative activities. Thanks to women's cooperatives, it is aimed to increase production and increase the place of women in economic life. Yalvaç Psidia Antiokheia Women Entrepreneurs Cooperative, which was established in 2019, can be given as an example to this situation. In the study, the evaluation of the economic supports provided by the state by the members of Yalvaç Psidia Antiokheia Women Entrepreneurs Cooperative and the reflections of the cooperatives on the financial status of the members are discussed. The findings obtained as a result of the study show that the incomes of the members in the middle age group increase more than the others, the satisfaction of being a member of the cooperative increases with a high education level, and the ideas of the members in this group about immigration emerge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Economics Business & Finance Research / Ekonomi İşletme ve Maliye Araştırmaları Dergisi is the property of Irfan Ersin and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Continuous impact of the international institutions and organizations on the world economic order would not be repudiated. One of them is the World Bank (WB). Bank was established for the purpose of reconstruction of the Western Europe, which was destroyed subsequent to the Second World War, and it also has the characteristic of being an institution determining the development discourses in the world. Bank specifies its development discourse in line with the evolution of the economic theories. On the other hand, it also contributes to the evolution of the economic theory by means of the development discourses it composes. Therefore, it is possible to make mention about the existence of a two-way process between development discourse of the Bank and the evolution of economic theories. This two-way process has been illuminated in this study. It has been demonstrated that Bank has developed a discourse in parallel with the basic principles of Neoclassical theory, Keynesian theory, Harrod-Domar growth model and Neo-Marxist theory from its foundation until the mid-1960s. Since the 1970s, Bank has adopted a discourse based on neoliberal theory as a result of the Keynesian theory's responseless to the particular structural problems. The rise of the New Institutional Theory in the 1990s brought about Bank's adoption of discourse which focuses on the state-market cooperation. It would be feasible to claim that Bank has carved out a discourse which hinges on sustainable development in period from the 2000s to the present. However, it is thought that the discourse being constituted both in 1990s and in 2000s has not been parted from the core of the neoliberal theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bu çalışma “uluslararası” kavramını öne çıkararak Arap İsyanları sonrası Suriye’deki sosyo-politik dönüşümü Leon Troçki’nin Eşitsiz ve Bileşik Kalkınma (EBK) yaklaşımı ile incelemektedir. Literatürdeki analizler gerek yöntemsel ulusçuluk gerekse bütüncül bir çerçeveye sahip olmayışları sebebiyle Arap İsyanları sonrası Suriye’deki sosyo-politik dönüşümü genellikle otoriter Beşir Esat rejiminin dayanıklılığı ve neoliberal dönüşümün dinamikleri çerçevesinde incelemektedir. Bu bağlamda, çalışmanın temel sorunsalı yöntemsel olarak uluslararası ve yerel dinamiklerin etkileşiminin Suriye’deki sosyo-politik dönüşüme etkilerini ortaya koymaktır. Bu amaçla Arap İsyanları sonrası Suriye’nin sosyo-politik dönüşümünde belirleyici olduğu düşünülen iki sürecin - “Savaş Ekonomisi” ve “Yeniden İnşa” – sonuçları incelenmektedir. Çalışma sonuç olarak Suriye’deki sosyo-politik dönüşümün anlaşılmasında Arap İsyanları öncesi dönemde olduğu neoliberal politik ve ekonomik dinamiklerin etkili olduğunu ve dönüşümün bölgesel ve küresel jeopolitik rekabet süreçleriyle iç içe geçmesinin de etkisiyle toplumsal eşitsizlik ve baskı durumunu daha da ağırlaştırdığını tartışmaktadır.

Copyright of Itobiad: Journal of the Human & Social Science Researches / İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi is the property of Itobiad: Journal of the Human & Social Science Researches and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of National Education / Millî Eğitim Dergisi is the property of Milli Egitim Bakanligi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Emerging Economies & Policy is the property of JOEEP: Journal of Emerging Economies & Policy and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Although it was brought to the agenda within the framework of economic issues, the concept of development and the goal of sustainable development have become a multidimensional issue today. Sustainable development is a concept proposed to eliminate the problems that arise as a result of the one-dimensional approach to development. The sustainable development means continuity of development. Sustainable development depends on many factors. The United Nations lists the sustainable development goals under 17 headings. When these titles are examined together with their sub-titles, the importance of rights-based social policy practices for women as an disadvantaged groups is understood. The study examines the relationship between development and women on the basis of rights. In this context, the documents of the development plans were scanned with the keyword "women".In development plans, it has been seen that the issue of "women" is handled within the scope of gender-based inequality, gender-based discrimination, unpaid family labor and family and child care responsibility. As a result, women used it as a tool to achieve sustainable development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Entrepreneurship & Development / Girisimcilik ve Kalkinma Dergisi is the property of Journal of Entrepreneurship & Development / Girisimcilik ve Kalkinma Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Human development is a development policy that brings a different perspective to economic development, puts people at its center, and aims to increase people's welfare and living standards. With human development, it is aimed for individuals to lead a healthy life, receive a qualified education, access, and use the necessary resources to live a quality life. The Human Development Index has started to be widely used in the measurement of human development, as economic growth is not sufficient in the measurement of human development and a different tool is needed to measure the level of welfare. Identifying the factors affecting the Human Development Index guide countries in detecting appropriate policies and tools to achieve the human development goal. In this study, in order to determine the factors affecting human development in Turkey, in the period of 2000-2019, the effects of public education expenditures, public health expenditures and income inequality on the Human Development Index were examined with the Toda-Yamamoto causality test and ARDL analysis. The findings obtained from the causality test show that, in Turkey during the period under review, there is a causality relationship from only public health expenditures to the Human Development Index. As a result of the ARDL analysis performed to determine the long-term relationship between the variables, it was determined that the effect of public health expenditures on the Human Development Index was negative. It has been detected that in the long-term public education expenditures and income inequality do not have a significant effect on the Human Development Index. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At the United Nations Sustainable Development Summit (2015), country leaders adopted sustainable development goals to eradicate poverty and ensure common well-being. However, the concerns about the world we live in and the future generations will live in have not come to an end. Although sustainable development has been defined in the last quarter of the 20th century, it has also taken place in the subtext of the discourses of many scientists and leaders and at the base of their actions. The foundation of the Republic of Turkey was based on the idea of sustainable development, thanks to Atatürk, who was also its leader. In this study, it is aimed to examine Atatürk's founding philosophy in the foundation of the Republic of Turkey with the perspective of sustainable development. For this purpose, Atatürk's discourse, actions, principles and reforms were examined in terms of sustainable development dimensions. Accordingly, it has been determined that Atatürk handled and implemented the development move of the Republic of Turkey in a way that covers three dimensions. Atatürk's moves regarding development resulted in the Republic of Turkey becoming a strong and productive country in a short time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study is to determine which option is valid for unbalanced growth in Turkey during the 1968-2006 period. For this purpose, first, determinations were made regarding the options in unbalanced growth. There are two options in an unbalanced growth strategy. The first of these is to allocate investments to direct productive activities first, while the second option is to allocate investments primarily to social overhead capital, i.e. infrastructure. In the study, firstly, the resources allocated for direct productive activities, that is, the manufacturing industry, and the resources allocated to social overhead capital, that is, infrastructure, are compared. In the second step, the relationship between the resource allocated to direct productive activities and the resource allocated to social overhead capital was tested. According to the results of the study, the excess capacity in social overhead capital stimulates direct productive activities at the end of 3 periods and leads to an increase in manufacturing industry investments. 10% increase in infrastructure investments increases the manufacturing industry investments by 4.87% as a result of a 3-year lag. No statistically significant results were obtained regarding the effect of manufacturing industry investments on infrastructure investments. In the study, as infrastructure investments, transportation and energy investments were also examined separately. Accordingly, a 10% increase in transportation investments increases manufacturing industry investments by 5.081% as a result of a 3-year lag. A 10% increase in manufacturing industry investments reduces transportation investments by 6,095% as a result of 3 years lag. Since significant relationships could not be determined between manufacturing industry investments and energy investments, no conclusion was reached regarding unbalanced growth. These results are largely compatible with one of Hirschman's unbalanced growth options, and point to an unbalanced growth path in which an excess capacity in social overhead capital prevails. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bu çalışmada D-8 ekonomilerinin nasıl bir yapısal değişim süreci geçirdiklerinin ortaya konulması amaçlanmıştır. Bu doğrultuda ilgili ekonomilerin geçen birkaç on yılda toplam üretim, istihdam ve ihracatlarının sektörel bileşimlerindeki değişmelere odaklanılmıştır. Toplam üretimdeki sektörel değişmeler şöyle gerçekleşmiştir. Tarım sektörünün GSYİH’daki payı İran ve Nijerya hariç, diğer D-8 ülkelerinde sürekli azalan bir seyir izlemiştir. Tarımın GSYH’daki payının en fazla azaldığı ülke Türkiye’dir. Sanayinin GSYİH’daki payı Türkiye ve Bangladeş’te artmaya devam etmekte diğer D-8 ülkelerinde ise dalgalı bir seyir izlemektedir. Türkiye, Bangladeş ve Pakistan’da GSYİH’daki hizmetlerin payı sürekli artarken diğer ülkelerde dalgalı bir seyir söz konusudur. 1980 yılına göre 2018 yılında D-8 ülkelerinde tüketim malları üretiminin toplam imalattaki payı azalmış yatırım malları üretiminin toplam imalattaki payı ise artmıştır. Ancak tüm D-8 ülkelerinde imalatın yarıdan fazlası düşük teknolojiyle üretilen ürünlerden oluşmaktadır. Toplam istihdamdaki sektörel değişmeler ise, şu şekilde gerçekleşmiştir. 1991 yılına göre 2018 yılında tüm D-8 ülkelerinde istihdamda tarımın payı ciddi düzeylerde azalmış ancak tarımdan boşalan işgücü sanayiden daha çok hizmetlere akmıştır. İhracattaki değişmelere bakıldığında ise, 1990 yılına göre 2018 yılında Pakistan dışındaki D-8 ülkelerinin ihracatında imalat ürünlerinin payının önemli oranla arttığı ancak imalat ürünleri ihracatının ağırlığının hala düşük teknolojiyle üretilmiş ürünlerden oluşmaya devam ettiği görülmektedir.

The concept of democracy, which possesses an important place in the literature of political science and international relations, has various perceptions at local level. As an important concept constituting the center of our political life, it is necessary to implement some tools for the operation of participatory democracy in the field of local politics. At this point, it is possible to see some differences in democratic participation tools in both national and local politics in terms of democratic practices. Based on these differences, this study includes an analysis of taking participation in local politics as a basis. The literature review was constructed on the concepts of local politics, participatory democracy, and its types, on the other hand political participation, mechanisms of participation, and governance have been put forward as the main concepts that will shed light on the analysis in question. From this point of view, in this article, a different perspective has been tried to be presented by making use of primary and secondary sources. The article also aims to draw attention to various dimensions of participatory democracy in local politics. This study, which has explanatory content on how to establish processes such as cooperation and governance at the local level, seeks an answer to the question of how a more democratic politics can be made possible if participation is ensured. On the other hand, the relationship between local democracy and local government, and the relation of some participation mechanisms that local governments implement in practice with democratization and governance are also discussed within the scope of the study. Thus, governance practices emerge at the level of local politics and in the decision-making processes of local governments, and the relationship between local development and local politics has become one of the dominant discussion areas of today. The most significant finding reached as a result of the study is that governance practices in the local political process and studies on local development are important concepts that have entered the application field of local governments and local political actors as a result of some legal, economic, social and political developments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]