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Global climate change presents substantial threats to marine ecosystems, with particularly profound impacts on widely distributed migratory species. The basking shark (Cetorhinus maximus), the second-largest fish species, faces significant conservation challenges due to overfishing, habitat degradation, and climate change, necessitating urgent research to address knowledge gaps in its spatial distribution and interactions with changing marine environments. This study employs various environmental variables and distribution data to construct a global species distribution model for basking sharks, predicting their distribution patterns under current and future climate scenarios. The results indicate that chlorophyll, sea surface temperature, silicate and mixed layer depth are the primary factors determining habitat suitability for basking sharks. Under high-emission scenarios (Shared Socioeconomic Pathway, SSP5–8.5), our model predicts a shift toward the higher latitudes of the northern hemisphere in basking shark habitats, including temperate and sub-Arctic waters. Ecological corridor analysis identifies critical migratory pathways and pinch points, emphasizing the importance of incorporating the effects of climate change and human activities in the formulation of conservation strategies. The finding underscores the importance of integrated conservation strategies, highlighting how positive human interventions can aid in accurately identifying critical ecological corridors to ensure the long-term survival of the basking shark. Adaptive, science-based conservation measures are crucial to mitigating the effects of climate change and human activities, supporting the resilience of marine ecosystems.

The vegetative insecticidal protein Vip3Aa from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) has been produced by transgenic crops to counter pest resistance to the widely used crystalline (Cry) insecticidal proteins from Bt. To proactively manage pest resistance, there is an urgent need to better understand the genetic basis of resistance to Vip3Aa, which has been largely unknown. We discovered that retrotransposon-mediated alternative splicing of a midgut-specific chitin synthase gene was associated with 5,560-fold resistance to Vip3Aa in a laboratory-selected strain of the fall armyworm, a globally important crop pest. The same mutation in this gene was also detected in a field population. Knockout of this gene via CRISPR/Cas9 caused high levels of resistance to Vip3Aa in fall armyworm and 2 other lepidopteran pests. The insights provided by these results could help to advance monitoring and management of pest resistance to Vip3Aa.

Abstract The rapid evolution of resistance in agricultural pest poses a serious threat to global food security. However, the mechanisms of resistance through metabolic regulation are largely unknown. Here, we found that a GST gene cluster was strongly selected in North China (NTC) population, and it was significantly genetically-linked to lambda-cyhalothrin resistance. Knockout of the GST cluster using CRISPR/Cas9 significantly increased the sensitivity of the knockout strain to lambda-cyhalothrin. Haplotype analysis revealed no non-synonymous mutations or structural variations in the GST cluster, whereas GST_119 and GST_121 were significantly overexpressed in the NTC population. Silencing of GST_119 or co-silencing of GST_119 and GST_121 with RNAi significantly increased larval sensitivity to lambda-cyhalothrin. We also identified additional GATAe transcription factor binding sites in the promoter of NTC_GST_119. Transient expression of GATAe in Hi5 cells activated NTC_GST_119 and Xinjiang (XJ)_GST_119 transcription, but the transcriptional activity of NTC_GST_119 was significantly higher than that of XJ_GST_119. These results demonstrate that variations in the regulatory region result in complex expression changes in the GST cluster, which enhances lambda-cyhalothrin resistance in field-populations. This study deepens our knowledge of the evolutionary mechanism of pest adaptation under environmental stress and provides potential targets for monitoring pest resistance and integrated management.

Bistatic and multistatic SAR technology, with its multi-dimensional, ultra-wide swath, and high-resolution advantages, is widely used in earth observation, military reconnaissance, deep space exploration, and other fields. The LuTan-1 (LT-1) mission employs two full-polarimetric L-band SAR satellites for the BiSAR system. The bistatic mode introduces phase errors in echo reception paths due to different transmission links, making echo compensation a key factor in ensuring BiSAR performance. This paper proposes a novel bistatic internal calibration strategy that combines ground temperature compensation, in-orbit internal calibration, and pulsed alternate synchronization to achieve echo compensation. Prior to launch, temperature compensation data for the internal calibration system are obtained via temperature experiments. During in-orbit operation, calibration data are acquired by executing the internal calibration pulse sequence and noninterrupted pulsed alternate synchronization. In ground processing, echo compensation is completed based on the above two parts of calibration data. A comprehensive analysis of the entire calibration chain reveals a temperature compensation accuracy of 0.10 dB/1.38°. Additionally, a ground verification system is established to conduct BiSAR experiments, achieving a phase synchronization accuracy of 0.16°. Furthermore, the in-orbit test obtained DSM products with an average error of 1.3 m. This strategy provides a valuable reference for future spaceborne bistatic and multistatic SAR systems.

Rice blast, caused by the fungus Magnaporthe oryzae, and brown planthopper (BPH) infestation are two of the most destructive problems of rice production in China. The development of multi-resistant varieties is widely recognized as the most efficient and environmentally friendly approach to controlling crop diseases and pests. Functional molecular markers (FMMs) have been developed from functional variants in the genic region associated with trait variation, greatly enhancing the efficiency of identifying and pyramiding valuable genes in crop breeding. In this study, two FMMs and a multiplex PCR amplification system were developed for two major broad-spectrum BPH resistance genes, Bph6 and Bph9. With the assistance of FMMs in the multi-resistant rice restorer-line development pipeline, two lines (Huahui7713 and Huahui3006) with blast and BPH resistance were developed by pyramiding three resistance genes Pigm, Bph6 and Bph9. Two new hybrid rice varieties, Weiliangyou7713 and Xuanliangyou3006, derived from Huahui7713 and Huahui3006, have been developed and commercialized in China. Weiliangyou7713 and Xuanliangyou3006 exhibit enhanced resistance to both blast and BPH, while maintaining optimal yield and grain quality. The adoption of Weiliangyou7713 continues to expand, now being cultivated on a large scale, which is promising for its future role in reducing the dependence on chemical fungicides and pesticides in rice production. This suggests that the implementation of Huahui7713 and Huahui3006 in targeted breeding programs could be highly beneficial for developing rice varieties with strong resistance to blast and BPH.

In recent years, jamming strategies for Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) pertaining to target detection and identification, such as the creation of false targets, electromagnetic (EM) deception, and signal spoofing, have been increasingly emphasized. Distinct from traditional SAR jamming approaches, the introduction of an innovative artificial material cloak in SAR target jamming presents augmented capabilities. These methods demonstrate a proficient redirection of incident EM waves in specific or arbitrary directions, effectively masking the vital information linked to critical targets. This study introduces a broadband SAR target jamming system employing an information metasurface that incorporates intelligent information processing algorithms in conjunction with a space-time-coding digital metasurface, endowing it with the capacity to adeptly modulate incident EM waves. This integration facilitates a versatile approach to jamming, enabling the deployment of multi-mode protective measures against critical targets. The conducted simulation and experiment results validate the system’s ability to adjustably produce EM deception and generate multiple false targets independently of the SAR system. The outcomes of this research significantly advance the practicality of SAR protection strategies, pushing the boundaries toward more dynamic, broadband, and controllable scenarios, thereby substantially improving the concealment of critical targets in highly sensitive conflict areas.

Abstract Purpose Aerobic exercise has shown beneficial effects in the prevention and treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Nevertheless, the regulatory mechanism is not turely clear. Therefore, we aim to clarify the possible mechanism by investigating the effects of aerobic exercise on NAFLD and its mitochondrial dysfunction. Methods NAFLD rat model was established by feeding high fat diet. and used oleic acid (OA) to treat HepG2 cells. Changes in histopathology, lipid accumulation, apoptosis, body weight, and biochemical parameters were assessed. In addition, antioxidants, mitochondrial biogenesis and mitochondrial fusion and division were assessed. Results The obtained in vivo results showed that aerobic exercise significantly improved lipid accumulation and mitochondrial dysfunction induced by HFD, activated the level of Sirtuins1 (Srit1), and weakened the acetylation and activity of dynamic-related protein 1 (Drp1). In vitro results showed that activation of Srit1 inhibited OA-induced apoptosis in HepG2 cells and alleviated OA-induced mitochondrial dysfunction by inhibiting Drp1 acetylation and reducing Drp1 expression. Conclusion Aerobic exercise alleviates NAFLD and its mitochondrial dysfunction by activating Srit1 to regulate Drp1 acetylation. Our study clarifies the mechanism of aerobic exercise in alleviating NAFLD and its mitochondrial dysfunction and provides a new method for adjuvant treatment of NAFLD.

Abstract Background The black cutworm, Agrotis ipsilon, is a serious global underground pest. Its distinct phenotypic traits, especially its polyphagy and ability to migrate long distances, contribute to its widening distribution and increasing difficulty of control. However, knowledge about these traits is still limited. Results We generated a high-quality chromosome-level assembly of A. ipsilon using PacBio and Hi-C technology with a contig N50 length of ~ 6.7 Mb. Comparative genomic and transcriptomic analyses showed that detoxification-associated gene families were highly expanded and induced after insects fed on specific host plants. Knockout of genes that encoded two induced ABC transporters using CRISPR/Cas9 significantly reduced larval growth rate, consistent with their contribution to host adaptation. A comparative transcriptomic analysis between tethered-flight moths and migrating moths showed expression changes in the circadian rhythm gene AiCry2 involved in sensing photoperiod variations and may receipt magnetic fields accompanied by MagR and in genes that regulate the juvenile hormone pathway and energy metabolism, all involved in migration processes. Conclusions This study provides valuable genomic resources for elucidating the mechanisms involved in moth migration and developing innovative control strategies.

The cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera, is set to become the most economically devastating crop pest in the world, threatening food security and biosafety as its range expands across the globe. Key to understanding the eco-evolutionary dynamics of H. armigera, and thus its management, is an understanding of population connectivity and the adaptations that allow the pest to establish in unique environments. We assembled a chromosome-scale reference genome and re-sequenced 503 individuals spanning the species range to delineate global patterns of connectivity, uncovering a previously cryptic population structure. Using a genome-wide association study (GWAS) and cell line expression of major effect loci, we show that adaptive changes in a temperature- and light-sensitive developmental pathway enable facultative diapause and that adaptation of trehalose synthesis and transport underlies cold tolerance in extreme environments. Incorporating extensive pesticide resistance monitoring, we also characterize a suite of novel pesticide and Bt resistance alleles under selection in East China. These findings offer avenues for more effective management strategies and provide insight into how insects adapt to variable climatic conditions and newly colonized environments.

Abstract Silicon‐based (Si) materials are promising anodes for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) because of their ultrahigh theoretical capacity of 4200 mA h g−1. However, commercial applications of Si anodes have been hindered by their drastic volume variation (∼300%) and low electrical conductivity. Here, to tackle the drawbacks, a hierarchical Si anode with double‐layer coatings of a SiOx inner layer and a nitrogen (N), boron (B) co‐doped carbon (C–NB) outer layer is elaborately designed by copyrolysis of Si–OH structures and a H3BO3‐doped polyaniline polymer on the Si surface. Compared with the pristine Si anodes (7 mA h g−1 at 0.5 A g−1 after 340 cycles and 340 mA h g−1 at 5 A g−1), the modified Si‐based materials (Si@SiOx@C–NB nanospheres) present superior cycling stability (reversible 1301 mA h g−1 at 0.5 A g−1 after 340 cycles) as well as excellent rate capability (690 mA h g−1 at 5 A g−1) when used as anodes in LIBs. The unique double‐layer coating structure, in which the inner amorphous SiOx layer acts as a buffer matrix and the outer defect‐rich carbon enhances the electron diffusion of the whole anode, makes it possible to deliver excellent electrochemical properties. These results indicate that our double‐layer coating strategy is a promising approach not only for the development of sustainable Si anodes but also for the design of multielement‐doped carbon nanomaterials.

Local adaptation has been increasingly involved in the designation of species conservation strategies to response to climate change. Marine mammals, as apex predators, are climatechange sensitive, and their spatial distribution and conservation requirements are critically significant for designing protection strategies. In this study, we focused on an ice-breeding marine mammal, the spotted seal (Phoca largha), which exhibits distinct morphological and genetic variations across its range. Our objectives were to quantify the ecological niches of three spotted seal populations, construct the species-level model and population-level models that represent different regions in the Bering population (BDPS), Okhotsk population (ODPS) and southern population (SDPS), and conduct a conservation gap analysis. Our findings unequivocally demonstrated a clear niche divergence among the three populations. We predicted habitat contraction for the BDPS and ODPS driven by climate change; in particular, the spotted seals inhabiting Liaodong Bay may face breeding habitat loss. However, most spotted seal habitats are not represented in existing marine protected areas. Drawing upon these outcomes, we propose appropriate conservation policies to effectively protect the habitat of the different geographical populations of spotted seals. Our research addresses the importance of incorporating local adaptation into species distribution modeling to inform conservation and management strategies.

Abstract Sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs), which are an alternative to lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs), have attracted increasing attention due to their low cost of Na resources and similar Na storage mechanism to LIBs. Compared with anode materials and electrolytes, the development of cathode materials lags behind. Therefore, the key to improving the specific energy and promoting the application of SIBs is to develop high‐performance sodium intercalation cathode materials. Transition‐metal oxides are one of the most promising cathode materials for SIBs owing to their excellent energy density, high specific discharge capacity, and environmentally friendly nature. In the present work, the latest progress in the research of transition‐metal oxides is summarized. Moreover, the existing challenges are discussed, and a series of strategies are proposed to overcome these drawbacks. This review aims at providing guidance for the development of metal oxides in the next stage.

Abstract Currently, emerging battery technologies are being studied intensively. The lack of ideal electrode materials remains a key hindrance to further development of new batteries. The novel MXene material, due to its unique structural characteristics and physicochemical properties, shows the ability to enhance the electrochemical performance of the electrode. In addition to the adjustable layer spacing, because of excellent electrical conductivity, rich chemical composition, and controllable surface chemistry, MXene has the potential for use in diverse applications as an ideal electrode material in various battery systems. This review covers the recent progress achieved in research of the zinc‐ion energy storage of MXenes, including MXene‐based cathodes, MXene‐derived cathodes, MXene‐modified zinc anodes, and electrolyte additives. Moreover, further structural design and reaction mechanisms of MXenes in zinc‐ion storage are explored.

Abstract Sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) have been considered as promising replacements to lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) for large‐scale energy storage applications. For anode materials, titanium dioxide (TiO2) as a typical insertion‐type anode material have been extensively investigated as a safety, stable, cheap and environmental‐friendly anode materials for SIBs. Constructing suitable TiO2 crystal structure is a common modification strategy for improving the diffusion kinetics of sodium ion within TiO2 and its intrinsic electronic conductivity. Herein, a multi‐atomic doped oxygen‐deficient TiO2/C composites (N, S‐NTC) was successfully synthesized with excellent electrochemical performance. Synergistic effect of N, S and Ni elements on the structure, morphology and electrochemical performance was investigated. Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis indicated that the Ni, N, S doping can introduce oxygen deficiency, narrow the bandgap of TiO2 and facilitating Na+ diffusion, further providing higher electronic/ionic conductivities and faster electron transport channel. As a consequence, the anode materials delivered ultrahigh rate performance and cycling performance of a high reversible capacity of 128.6 mA h g−1 at 1 A g−1 after 3000th cycles.

The limitations of satellite versatility, application dimensions, and wide-area observation efficiency are major issues impeding the development of Chinese spaceborne Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR). China lacks a satellite system that can realize long-term, stable, and high-performance environmental dynamic monitoring oriented to the world. As the international environment becomes increasingly complex, China urgently needs to develop a SAR satellite system for global dynamic environmental monitoring to achieve large-scale, high-revisit, long-term, stable, and high-precision observations. This paper proposes a SAR Constellation with Dense Time-SEries for MultiDimensional Environmental Monitoring of the Earth (See-Earth) plan. In addition, the system conception, technical architectures, performance analysis, application potential, and new system expansion are discussed.

BackgroundThe Clinical Assessment Scale for Autoimmune Encephalitis (CASE), a new scale used for rating the severity of autoimmune encephalitis (AE), has demonstrated good validity and reliability in adults with AE, but there is a shortage of data on its performance in children with AE. This study aimed to assess the reliability and validity of the CASE in a cohort of children with AE.MethodsForty-seven pediatric inpatients with AE who visited Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital between January 1, 2017, and October 31, 2021, were enrolled in the study. The CASE and mRS scores were obtained through a review of detailed medical records from the Health Information System by two pediatric neurologists. Finally, the performance of the CASE in this pediatric AE cohort was analyzed.ResultsThe results showed that anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis was the most common (61.70%) type of AE in children. The most common clinical manifestations were language problems (85.1%), psychiatric symptoms (80.9%), and dyskinesia/dystonia (78.7%). The CASE had good item reliability and interevaluator reliability; the Cronbach’s alpha value of the total score was 0.825, and the intraclass correlation (ICC) was 0.980. The Cronbach’s alpha value by item ranged from 0.16 to 0.406; items 1 and 9 had the lowest and highest Cronbach’s alpha values, respectively. The criterion validity between CASE and mRS total scores, as quantified by Pearson correlation, was 0.459, indicating slight to good criterion validity. The area under the curve (AUC) was 0.992 (95% confidence interval: 0.974-1.00). A cutoff value of 14 was selected to determine whether a patient needed admission to the ICU; this cutoff had a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 92%. The changes in EEG, MRI, and antibody titers were not related to the severity of AE. A CASE score cutoff of 9 was selected to indicate whether second-line treatment would be needed.ConclusionThe CASE has good reliability and validity in children with AE; however, some items of the CASE may not apply to this population. Thus, an in-depth study of the CASE is needed in children with AE.

Abstract Background The relationship between serum lipids and cholecystitis is still under investigation. To examine the causal effect of serum lipids on cholecystitis using the Mendelian randomization method. Methods We conducted univariable Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses using summary statistics from two independent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) on serum lipids (n = 132,908) and cholecystitis (n = 361,194). Mainly, the inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method was utilized to combine each SNP’s causal estimation, and the MR-Egger was adopted as a complementary method, together with the weighted median. Cochrane’s Q value was employed to appraise heterogeneity. The MR-Egger intercept and MR-PRESSO were used to detect the horizontal pleiotropy. Results Our univariable results displayed a minor protective effect of serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (OR [95% CI] = 0.9984483 [0.9984499, 0.9984468]; p = 0.008) on cholecystitis. No significant causal effect of total cholesterol (TC) (OR [95% CI] = 0.9994228 [0.9994222, 0.9994233]; p = 0.296), triglycerides (OR [95% CI] = 0.9990893 [0.9990882, 0.9990903]; p = 0.238) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (OR [95% CI] = 0.9997020 [0.9997017, 0.9997023]; p = 0.565) was found on cholecystitis. Conclusion These findings suggest that LDL cholesterolhas a slight protective effect on cholecystitis, which can be easily affected by confounding factors. TC, triglycerides and HDL cholesterol don’t have causal effect on cholecystitis. The protective effect of serum lipids on cholecystitis, though possible, remain less certain.

Dopa-responsive dystonia (DRD) comprises a group of rare but treatable dystonias that exhibit diurnal fluctuation. The GCH1 gene encodes GTP cyclohydrolase-1 (GTPCH-І), a protein that catalyzes the first rate-limiting step of tetrahydrobiopterin biosynthesis. Pathogenic variants in GCH1 are the most common causes of DRD. However, the autosomal recessive form of DRD caused by biallelic GCH1 variants is very rare. Homozygous GCH1 variants have been associated with two clinically distinct human diseases: hyperphenylalaninemia, and DRD with or without hyperphenylalaninemia. Here, we describe one patient who presented during infancy with severe truncal hypotonia and motor developmental regression but without diurnal fluctuation and hyperphenylalaninemia. Treatment with levodopa/carbidopa resulted in the complete and persistent remission of clinical symptoms without any side effects. This was accompanied by age-appropriate neurological development during follow-up. A homozygous GCH1 variant (c.604G>A/p.V202I) was identified in the patient. To our knowledge, this is the first Chinese case of DRD caused by a homozygous GCH1 variant, thus expanding the spectrum of DRD phenotypes. Autosomal recessive DRD that is associated with homozygous GCH1 variants should be considered in patients with severe truncal hypotonia, with or without diurnal fluctuation, even if there is an absence of limb dystonia and hyperphenylalaninemia.

Surface modification has been one of most effective methods to improve the electrochemical performance of lithium rich layered oxides. In this paper, the Li1.2Mn0.56Ni0.16Co0.08O2 microspheres are prepared by urea assisted combustion route, and then coated with proper amount of CaF2. XRD and SEM results show surface modification has not changed the structure of Li1.2Mn0.56Ni0.16Co0.08O2, and a uniform coating layer can be obtained. As lithium ion battery cathode, the optimal CaF2 (i.e, 2wt%) coated sample presents a high initial discharge capacity of 223 mAh·g-1 with Coulombic efficiency of 80.5% at 0.1C, which is much better than that of pristine sample. Also, a high discharge capacity of 119 mAh·g-1 can be obtained for CaF2 coated sample at 5C. The improved electrochemical performance may be attributed the formation of fast Li ion conductor on the surface supported by EIS study.

Precisely identifying and killing tumor cells are diligent pursuits in oncotherapy. Synthesized gene circuits have emerged as an intelligent weapon to solve these problems. Gene circuits based on post-transcriptional regulation enable a faster response than systems based on transcriptional regulation, which requires transcription and translation, showing superior safety. In this study, synthetic-promoter-free gene circuits possessing two control layers were constructed to improve the specific recognition of tumor cells. Using split-TEV, we designed and verified the basic control layer of protein-protein interaction (PPI) sensing. Another orthogonal control layer was built to sense specific proteins. Two layers were integrated to generate gene circuits sensing both PPI and specific proteins, forming 10 logic gates. To demonstrate the utility of this system, the circuit was engineered to sense alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) expression and the PPI between YAP and 14-3-3σ, the matching profile of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Gene-circuit-loaded cells distinguished HCC from other cells and released therapeutic antibodies, exhibiting in vitro and in vivo therapeutic effects.

Helicoverpa armigera is a polyphagous destructive lepidopteran pest with strong Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) resistance. Cholesterol, a vital component for insect growth, can only be obtained from food, and its transfer and metabolism are regulated by sterol carrier protein-2 (SCP-2). This study examined whether H. armigera SCP-2 (HaSCP-2) gene expression, involved in cholesterol absorption, can be silenced by nanocarrier fluorescent nanoparticle-RNA interference (FNP-RNAi) by larval feeding and whether the silencing affected H. armigera development. Fluorescence microscopy showed that nanoparticle-siRNA was distributed in Ha cells and the larval midgut. FNP-HaSCP-2 siRNA suppressed HaSCP-2 expression by 52.5% in H.armigera Ha cells. FNP can effectively help deliver siRNA into cells, protect siRNA, and is not affected by serum. FNP-siRNA in vivo biological assays showed that HaSCP-2 transcript levels were inhibited by 70.19%, 68.16%, and 67.66% in 3rd, 4th, and 5th instar larvae, leading to a decrease in the cholesterol level in the larval and prepupal fatbodies. The pupation rate and adult emergence were reduced to 26.0% and 56.52%, respectively. This study demonstrated that FNP could deliver siRNA to cells and improve siRNA knockdown efficiency. HaSCP-2 knockdown by FNP-siRNA in vivo hindered H. armigera growth and development. FNP could enhance RNAi efficiency to achieve pest control by SCP-2-targeted FNP-RNAi.

In the bistatic synthetic aperture radar (BiSAR) system, the unavoidable frequency deviation between the oscillators (USOs) will result in additional phase modulation in the demodulated radar signal, which significantly degrades the quality of the SAR image and digital elevation model (DEM) product. The innovative L-band spaceborne BiSAR system LuTan-1 (LT-1) employs a non-interrupted synchronization scheme to acquire the synchronization phase error. This advanced phase synchronization scheme avoids interrupting the normal BiSAR data acquisition and further increases the synchronization frequency. However, some non-ideal factors in the transmission link like attenuation, multipath effect, interference, etc., may cause the synchronization phase to be polluted by noise. A phase denoising approach based on compressive sensing (CS) is proposed to improve the accuracy of synchronization phase. The imaging phase with high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is input into the K-SVD algorithm to learn the prior information, and then the noise of the synchronization compensation phase is eliminated by maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimation. The data acquired from the ground validation system of the LT-1 synchronization module are adopted for the validation experiment. The proposed phase denoising method achieves higher phase synchronization accuracy compared with traditional ones. The processing results verify the effectiveness of the proposed method and demonstrate its potential for future on-orbit applications of the LT-1 mission.