256 results on '"Köpke, U."'
Search Results
2. Cynara scolymus L.: an Accurate Method for Determining the Edible Parts
- Author
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Kautz, T., Täufer, F., and Köpke, U.
- Published
- 2009
3. Farm-gate nutrient balance assessment of organic dairy farms at different intensity levels in Germany
- Author
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Haas, G., Deittert, C., and Köpke, U.
- Published
- 2007
4. Product Quality of Greenhouse Tomatoes: Effect of Cultivars, Organic N-Fertilization and Harvest Time
- Author
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Kumar, R., Klein, D., Krumbein, A., and Köpke, U.
- Published
- 2007
5. Effects of weed management practices on enteric pathogen transfer into lettuce ( Lactucasativa var. capitata)
- Author
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Fischer-Arndt, Meike, Neuhoff, D., Tamm, L., and Köpke, U.
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Hygienic quality of head lettuce: Effects of organic and mineral fertilizers
- Author
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Wießner, S., Thiel, B., Krämer, J., and Köpke, U.
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Nutrient cycling in organic farms: stall balance of a suckler cow herd and beef bulls
- Author
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Haas, G., Caspari, B., and Köpke, U.
- Published
- 2002
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Contributor contact details
- Author
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Cooper, J., primary, Niggli, U., additional, Leifert, C., additional, Seal, C.J., additional, Brandt, K., additional, van Elzakker, B., additional, Neuendorff, J., additional, Bloksma, J., additional, Northolt, M., additional, Huber, M., additional, van der Burgt, G-J., additional, van de Vijver, L., additional, Oughton, E., additional, Ritson, C., additional, Weller, R.F., additional, Marley, C.L., additional, Moorby, J.M., additional, Hirt, H., additional, Zeltner, E., additional, Sundrum, A., additional, Diez-Gonzalez, F., additional, Klocke, P., additional, Walkenhorst, M., additional, Butler, G., additional, Maurer, V., additional, Hördegen, P., additional, Hertzberg, H., additional, Biavati, B., additional, Santini, C., additional, Benbrook, C., additional, Rosa, E.A.S., additional, Bennett, R.N., additional, Aires, A., additional, Weibel, F.P., additional, Alföldi, T., additional, Köpke, U., additional, Thiel, B., additional, Elmholt, S., additional, Ghorbani, R., additional, Wilcockson, S., additional, Krämer, J, additional, Johannessen, G.S., additional, Bourlakis, M., additional, Vizard, C., additional, Van Acker, R.C., additional, McLean, N., additional, Martin, R.C., additional, Kjærnes, U., additional, Wyss, G.S., additional, Lück, L., additional, and Larsen, A. Hartvig, additional
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Organic Foods: Do They Have a Role?
- Author
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Köpke, U., primary
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Alley cropping and mulching withErythrina poeppigiana (Walp.) O. F. Cook andGliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Walp.: effects on maize/weed competition
- Author
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Rippin, M., Haggar, J. P., Kass, D., and Köpke, U.
- Published
- 1994
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Carbon nanotube-reinforced epoxy-composites: enhanced stiffness and fracture toughness at low nanotube content
- Author
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Gojny, F.H., Wichmann, M.H.G., Köpke, U., Fiedler, B., and Schulte, K.
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. In‑line monitoring of carbon nanoparticle epoxy dispersion processes
- Author
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Meeuw, Hauke, Wisniewski, Valea Kim, Köpke, U., Nia, Ali Shaygan, Romaní Vázquez, Adrián, Lohe, Martin Rudolf, Feng, Xinliang, and Fiedler, Bodo
- Subjects
Carbon nano particle, Dispersion, Three roll mill ,ddc:621.3 ,Kohlenstoff-Nanopartikel, Dispersion, Dreiwalzenmühle ,ddc:650 ,ddc:670.5 ,ddc:620 - Abstract
The new generation of three roll mills is able to monitor occurring process loads while dispersion. This paper focuses on the interpretation of the gathered data to find criteria quantifying the dispersion state online. The aim is process time reduction. We used impedance spectroscopy to identify the dispersion state and correlated it with the occurring process loads. The dispersion process of a wide spectrum of carbon based nano particles, namely carbon black, single walled carbon nanotubes, multi walled carbon nanotubes, a few-layer graphene powder, electrochemically exfoliated graphite and a functionalized electrochemically exfoliated graphite was investigated. The filler content was varied along the material’s electrical percolation threshold. The criteria found led to a reduction of processing time and revealed the prevalent mechanisms during dispersion.
- Published
- 2019
13. Bacteria utilizing plant-derived carbon in the rhizosphere of Triticum aestivum change in different depths of an arable soil
- Author
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Uksa, M., Buegger, F., Gschwendtner, S., Lueders, T., Kublik, S., Kautz, T., Athmann, M., Köpke, U., Charles Munch, J., Schloter, M., and Fischer, D.
- Subjects
Carbon Isotopes ,Soil ,Bacteria ,RNA, Ribosomal, 16S ,Dna Stable Isotope Probing ,Rhizosphere ,Root Exudates ,Soil Microbiome ,Subsoil ,Topsoil ,food and beverages ,Sequence Analysis, DNA ,Plant Roots ,Carbon ,Soil Microbiology ,Triticum - Abstract
Root exudates shape microbial communities at the plant soil interface. Here we compared bacterial communities that utilise plant-derived carbon in the rhizosphere of wheat in different soil depths, including topsoil, as well as two subsoil layers up to 1 m depth. The experiment was performed in a green house using soil monoliths with intact soil structure taken from an agricultural field. To identify bacteria utilizing plant derived carbon, (13) C-CO2 labelling of plants was performed for two weeks at the EC50 stage, followed by stable isotope probing of extracted DNA from the rhizosphere combined with 16S rRNA gene-based amplicon sequencing. Our findings suggest substantially different bacterial key players and interaction mechanisms between plants and bacteria utilising plant-derived carbon in the rhizosphere of subsoils and topsoil. Among the three soil depths, clear differences were found in (13) C enrichment pattern across abundant operational taxonomic units (OTUs). Whereas OTUs linked to Proteobacteria were enriched in (13) C mainly in the topsoil, in both subsoil layers OTUs related to Cohnella, Paenibacillus, Flavobacterium showed a clear (13) C signal, indicating an important, so far overseen role of Firmicutes and Bacteriodetes in the subsoil rhizosphere.
- Published
- 2017
14. Night-time tillage revisited: the delayed soil desiccation process in night-time tilled plots may promote unexpected weed germination
- Author
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Juroszek, P, primary, Neuhoff, D, additional, and Köpke, U, additional
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Schonung von Phosphor-Ressourcen aus Sicht einer nachhaltigen Bodennutzung und des Bodenschutzes. Positionspapier
- Author
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Makeschin, F., Broll, G., Fischer, J.-U., Grathwohl, P., von Haaren, C., Hansjürgens, Bernd, Köpke, U., Rück, F., Schnug, E., Wiggering, H., Zeitz, J., Eckelmann, W., Ekardt, F., Hund-Rinke, K., Makeschin, F., Broll, G., Fischer, J.-U., Grathwohl, P., von Haaren, C., Hansjürgens, Bernd, Köpke, U., Rück, F., Schnug, E., Wiggering, H., Zeitz, J., Eckelmann, W., Ekardt, F., and Hund-Rinke, K.
- Published
- 2015
16. Ein ganzheitlicher Ansatz zur Beschreibung der Nahrungsmittelqualität: Der Qualitäts-Index
- Author
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Schulz, D.G., Köpke, U., Eisele, J., and Köpke, U.
- Subjects
Food security, food quality and human health ,Research methodology and philosophy - Abstract
Die Qualitätsbeurteilung pflanzlicher Produkte aus unterschiedlichen Anbauverfahren stößt immer wieder auf die gleichen Probleme: Nach SCHUPHAN (1961) setzt sich die Qualität eines Nahrungsmittels aus drei Haupt-eigenschaften zusammen: Äußere Beschaffenheit (z.B. Handelsklassen), Gebrauchswert (d.h. technische Verarbeitbarkeit) und biologischer Wert, welcher die Addition aller wertgebenden abzüglich der wertmindernden Inhaltsstoffe darstellt. Diese Summation der Inhaltsstoffe kann zur Qualitätsbeurteilung jedoch nicht ausreichen, da immer nur ein Bruchteil der Pflanze und nie die Pflanze als Ganzheit gesehen wird, ein Problem, welches schon des öfteren diskutiert wurde (u.a. KLETT, 1968; SCHORMÜLLER, 1974). In Untersuchungen, welche Rückschlüsse auf die Qualität eines Nahrungsmittels ermöglichen sollen, gibt es darüber hinaus des öfteren widersprüchliche Tendenzen. So kann es zum Beispiel durchaus vorkommen, daß durch physiologische Ungleich-gewichte innerhalb der Pflanze ein niedriger Gehalt freier Aminosäuren auftritt (erwünschtes Qualitätsmerkmal, da der Anteil an essentiellen Aminosäuren dadurch theoretisch höher ist [SCHUPHAN, 1976]), die biologische Eiweißwertigkeit jedoch trotz-dem gering ist. Eine Qualitätsaussage basierend auf nur einem oder wenigen Parametern ist daher unzureichend. Zudem dürfen die Unterschiede der einzelnen Parameter bei verschiedenen Anbauvari-anten nicht einfach zu einer Rangfolge zusammengefaßt werden, da die relative Höhe der Unterschiede dabei unberücksichtigt bliebe und geringe Unterschiede überbewertet würden. Eine Möglichkeit zum Entschärfen der genannten Probleme ist die Kondensation möglichst vieler Parameter zu einem „Qualitäts-Index“.
- Published
- 1997
17. Effect of weed management strategies on the risk of enteric pathogen transfer into the food chain and lettuce quality
- Author
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Fischer-Arndt, M.T. and Köpke, U.
- Subjects
Food security, food quality and human health - Abstract
The hygienic quality of raw edible vegetables such as lettuce may be influenced by pathogen transfer from soil to plant, which might occur during weed control by hoeing or as splash-effects during rainfall. The hygienic quality is often discussed when farmyard manures are applied during production, as e.g. in organic farming systems. In a field experiment, the effects of weed control on pathogen transfer from soil fertilised with farmyard manure to lettuce (Lactuca sativa, var. capitata) were evaluated. First results do not confirm pathogen transfer by mechanical weeding or splash effects during rainfall.
- Published
- 2007
18. Strategies for controlling Cirsium arvense in organic crop production
- Author
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Lukashyk, P., Berg, M., and Köpke, U.
- Subjects
Weed management - Abstract
Three strategies for controlling Cirsium arvense including (1) repeated stubble tillage with subsequent forage crop cultivation, (2) repeated mowing of a grass-clover ley, and (3) forage crop cultivation following a grass-clover ley ploughed in May/June were investigated in field experiments over 3 years. The development of C. arvense shoot density was regularly assessed on subplots with defined thistle densities. In the medium-term (9 months), repeated stubble tillage (treatment 1) decreased shoot density of C. arvense more effectively than a once mowed grass-clover ley (2). However, after 22 months, treatments 1 and 2 resulted in a similar strong reduction of C. arvense shoot density of 95 % and 97 %, respectively. At this time, the efficacy of treatment 3 was lower (89 %), however, not signifi-cantly different to that of treatments 1 and 2. After 26 months, the effect of all treatments was still appar-ent; however, the efficacy of treatment 3 was signifi-cantly lower than that of treatment 2. Generally, the different strategies showed only minor differences, thus delivering options for optimal strategies of this-tle control under given specific conditions of site and cropping systems.
- Published
- 2006
19. Maßnahmen zur Unkrautregulierung
- Author
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van Elsen, T., Köpke, U., Pallutt, B., Jüttersonke, B., Kühne, S., Burth, U., and Marx, P.
- Subjects
Viticulture ,Vegetables ,Crop health, quality, protection ,Weed management ,Fruit and berries - Abstract
Vorbeugende und alternative Maßnahmen der Unkrautregulierung zur Erhaltung der Pflanzengesundheit.
- Published
- 2006
20. Einsatz des Striegels zur Regulierung von Vicia hirsuta in Winterweizen
- Author
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Lukashyk, P, Berg, B, Köpke, U, Heß, J, and Rahmann, G
- Subjects
food and beverages ,Weed management ,Soil tillage - Abstract
Seed production of hairy tare was reduced by harrowing. Harrowing can be performed until ear emergence without severe damage of winter wheat. Efficacy of late and repeated harrowing was increased if combined with early harrowing (BBCH 32-33). The removal of V. hirsuta reduced winter wheat grain yield losses and enhanced thousand grain weight.
- Published
- 2005
21. Combination of different methods for direct control of Vicia hirsuta in winter wheat
- Author
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Lukashyk, P., Köpke, U., Köpke, Ulrich, Niggli, Urs, Neuhoff, Daniel, Cornish, Peter, Lockeretz, Willie, and Willer, Helga
- Subjects
Weed management ,Cereals, pulses and oilseeds - Abstract
Combinations of three different direct methods for controlling Vicia hirsuta (kainite application, flame weeding and harrowing) were investigated in field experiments. They were based on different strategies at early growth stages of V. hirsuta and standardised harrowing at late growth stages. The highest efficacy of kainite application and flame weeding was achieved at the one leaf stage of V. hirsuta. Winter wheat regeneration from damage caused by both kainite and thermal control was satisfactory when treatments were applied at early growth stages (GS 23). Vicia hirsuta plants that survived kainite application or flame weeding were successfully controlled by repeated harrowing at later crop growth stages; crop growth was not affected. Seed production of V. hirsuta declined with increasing harrowing in all treatments; however the strongest and most reliable reduction was achieved when flame weeding had been previously applied. All combinations of direct measures reduced winter wheat grain-yield losses and enhanced thousand-grain weight more efficiently than the use of a single method only. The highest wheat-grain yield was gained after repeated harrowing (3 times) both with and without kainite application.
- Published
- 2005
22. Kontrolle von Cirsium arvense durch Stoppelbearbeitung
- Author
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Lukashyk, P, Berg, M, Köpke, U, Heß, J, and Rahmann, G
- Subjects
parasitic diseases ,fungi ,food and beverages ,Weed management ,respiratory system ,Soil tillage - Abstract
Compared to single stubble tillage efficacy of C. arvense weed control was increased by repeated tillage independent of the tillage implements used. Competitiveness of a vigorous green manure can further enhance the effect of weed control.
- Published
- 2005
23. Direkte Kontrolle von Vicia hirsuta (L.) S.F. GRAY in Getreidebeständen des Organischen Landbaus
- Author
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Lukashyk, P., Berg, M., Köpke, U., Hurle, K., Zwerger, P., and Belz, R.
- Subjects
Weed management ,Cereals, pulses and oilseeds - Abstract
Die Rauhaarige Wicke (Vicia hirsuta) kann in konkurrenzschwachen Wintergetreidebeständen des Organischen Landbaus in hoher Dichte und Masse auftreten. Die Folge sind Ertrags- und Qualitätsverluste sowie Ernteerschwernisse. Informationen zur erfolgversprechenden Regulierung von Vicia hirsuta fehlen bislang weitgehend. In faktoriellen Feldversuchen zu Winterweizen und Winterroggen wurden das Verätzen der Wicken durch Einsatz von Kainit, die thermische Kontrolle sowie die mechanische Kontrolle (Striegel) in frühen und späten Entwicklungsstadien geprüft. Erfasst wurden Anzahl und Deckungsgrad der Wicken, die Schäden an der Kulturpflanze, Ertragsparameter (Kulturpflanze) und die Samenproduktion der Wicken. Die Ergebnisse aus den Versuchsjahren 2002 und 2003 zeigen, dass: (1) Vicia hirsuta in allen Stadien gegen das Verätzen mit Kainitlösungen empfindlich ist, wobei der Wirkungsgrad bei Anwendung im Jugendstadium am höchsten war. In den Feldversuchen war die Wirkung stark witterungsabhängig; das Getreide wurde durch die Kainitbehandlung nur geringfügig geschädigt. (2) Die Wirkung der thermischen Behandlung auf Vicia hirsuta war abhängig von der Intensität der Hitzeeinwirkung sowie den Entwicklungsstadien von Kulturpflanze und Wicke. Die Auswirkungen des Abflammens auf das Getreide waren bei der Anwendung vor Bestockungsende gering; das Getreide regenerierte sich vollständig. Bei Behandlungen nach der Bestockung des Getreides traten hingegen vglw. starke Schädigungen auf, die auch Ertragseinbußen verursachten. (3) Mit alleinigem Einsatz des Striegels ist eine effiziente Kontrolle von Vicia hirsuta erreichbar. Voraussetzung sind die rechtzeitige Bearbeitung während des Schossens und ggf. wiederholte Durchfahrten bis nach dem Ährenschieben.
- Published
- 2004
24. Vicia hirsuta in Wintergetreide: Direkte Kontrolle bei starker Verunkrautung
- Author
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Lukashyk, P., Berg, M., Köpke, U., and Freyer, Bernhard
- Subjects
Weed management - Abstract
Die Rauhhaarige Wicke Vicia hirsuta tritt in Wintergetreidebeständen des Organischen Landbaus oft massenhaft auf und verursacht Ertrags- und Qualitätsverluste sowie Ernteerschwernisse. Indirekte Maßnahmen der Unkrautkontrolle reichen nur bei schwachem Unkrautdruck aus. Ziel der Untersuchungen war es, Strategien zu entwickeln, um Vicia hirsuta auch bei starkem Unkrautdruck effizient zu kontrollieren. Hierzu wurden drei Lösungsansätze verfolgt: Einsatz von Kainit, thermische und mechanische Kontrolle. In faktoriellen Feldversuchen in Winterroggen und Winterweizen wurden die mechanische Kontrolle in frühen (Hacke, Striegel) und späten Entwicklungsstadien (Striegel) sowie die thermische Kontrolle und das Verätzen durch Einsatz von Kainit geprüft. Aus dem ersten und dem laufenden zweiten Versuchsjahr ließ sich folgendes ableiten: 1. Zur Erstellung eines praxisrelevanten Kainit- Verfahrens sind weitere Untersuchungen zu Dosierung, Applikationstechnik und -zeitpunkt notwendig. 2. Der Ansatz der thermischen Kontrolle von Vicia hirsuta in Winterweizen ist vielversprechend und kann in Strategien zur nachhaltigen Kontrolle dieses Problemunkrauts insbesondere in Befallsnestern genutzt werden. 3. Mit dem alleinigen Einsatz des Striegels ist ebenfalls eine effiziente Kontrolle von Vicia hirsuta erreichbar. 4. In Winterroggen hingegen stehen zum Abflammen und Striegeln nur kurze Zeiträume zur Verfügung, so daß die Kontrolle von Vicia hirsuta wesentlich schwieriger und unsicherer als in Winterweizen ist.
- Published
- 2003
25. Nutzung von Pflanzenextrakten zur Kontrolle der Krautfäule (P. infestans) im ökologischen Kartoffelbau
- Author
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Neuhoff, D., Klinkenberg, H.-J., Köpke, U., and Freyer, Bernhard
- Subjects
Crop health, quality, protection ,Root crops - Abstract
Der Befall mit dem Erreger der Kraut- und Knollenfäule (P. infestans) hat durch frühzeitigen Verlust der Assimilationsfläche regelmäßig erhebliche Ertragsverluste im Ökologischen Kartoffelbau zur Folge. Neben einer Reihe von vorbeugenden Maßnahmen, inbesondere Wahl toleranter Sorten und Vorkeimen des Pflanzgutes (KARALUS 1995, MEINCK 1999), sind zur direkten effizienten Kontrolle derzeit nur Kupferverbindungen zugelassen. Ein weitgehend unerforschtes Potential zur Kontrolle dieses Oomyceten liegt in der Nutzung von Pflanzenextrakten, diese Wirkung wurde in Feldversuchen untersucht.
- Published
- 2003
26. Direkte Kontrolle von Vicia hirsuta (L.) S.F. Gray in Wintergetreide
- Author
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Lukashyk, P., Berg, M., Juroszek, P., Köpke, U., Maidl, F.-X., and Diepenbrock, W.
- Subjects
Weed management - Abstract
Die Rauhhaarige Wicke (Vicia hirsuta) tritt in konkurrenzschwachen Wintergetreidebeständen des Organischen Landbaus oft massenhaft und ertragswirksam auf, so daß direkte Kontroll-maßnahmen notwendig werden. Informationen zur Kontrolle von Vicia hirsuta bei starkem Unkrautdruck fehlen bisher weitgehend. In faktoriellen Feldversuchen in Winterroggen und Winterweizen werden daher die mechanische Kontrolle in frühen (Hacken, Striegeln) und späten Entwicklungsstadien (Herauskämmen) sowie die thermische Kontrolle und das Verätzen durch Einsatz von Kainit geprüft. Im ersten und dem laufenden zweiten Versuchsjahr zeigte sich, daß sich Getreide nach thermischer Behandlung vor Bestockungsende gut regeneriert. Behandlungen nach der Bestockung des Getreides schädigten Vicia hirsuta nicht ausreichend. In Vorversuchen im Gewächshaus war Vicia hirsuta in allen Stadien gegen das Verätzen mit Kainit empfindlich, der Wirkungsgrad bei Anwendung im Jugendsta-dium am höchsten. Im Freiland war die Wirkung stark witterungsabhängig, d.h. nur bei hoher Verdunstung und Einstrahlung ausreichend. Eine effiziente mechanische Kontrolle von Vicia hirsuta erscheint in Winterweizen demnach möglich. Voraussetzung sind die rechtzeitige Bearbeitung während des Schossens und ggf. wiederholte Durchfahrten bis nach dem Ährenschieben.
- Published
- 2002
27. Contribution of anecic earthworms to biopore formation during cultivation of perennial ley crops
- Author
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Kautz, T., Lüsebrink, M., Pätzold, S., Vetterlein, Doris, Pude, R., Athmann, M., Küpper, P.M., Perkons, U., Köpke, U., Kautz, T., Lüsebrink, M., Pätzold, S., Vetterlein, Doris, Pude, R., Athmann, M., Küpper, P.M., Perkons, U., and Köpke, U.
- Abstract
Large sized biopores (diameter >2 mm) in the subsoil can be created by tap roots, which leave voids after their decay, or by the burrowing activity of anecic earthworms which may benefit from the temporary lack in tillage in perennial cropping systems. However, the interactions between root growth and earthworm activity in the process of biopore formation during perennial ley cropping are not well understood. The aim of this field study was to quantify the development of the abundance of the anecic earthworm Lumbricus terrestris and the biopore density during the cultivation of lucerne (Medicago sativa L.), chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) and tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) grown for either one, two or three years. An increased abundance of L. terrestris was already recorded after two years of continuous ley when compared with one year cultivation. The ley crop species had only minor influence on the abundance of L. terrestris. Biopore densities of both diameter classes under study (2–5 mm and >5 mm) were not significantly affected by the duration of ley cropping. In contrast, biopore densities were influenced by ley crop species. More biopores of diameter class 2–5 mm were recorded after chicory than after fescue. Lucerne cropping resulted in intermediate biopore density. Additionally, in an incubation experiment under field conditions, we quantified whether L. terrestris preferentially created new biopores or colonized abandoned, previously existing ones. After three weeks of incubation, one third of the adult individuals incubated in the experimental area created new biopores at 0.4 m soil depth. A similar percentage of individuals colonized previously existing biopores, partially widening the lumen of smaller sized biopores. The remaining individuals remained in the topsoil. Sub-adult individuals rarely formed new pores. Half of the introduced sub-adults remained in the topsoil. We conclude that
- Published
- 2013
28. Nutrient acquisition from arable subsoils in temperate climates: a review
- Author
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Kautz, T., Amelung, W., Ewert, F., Gaiser, T., Horn, R., Jahn, R., Javaux, M., Kemna, A., Kuzyakov, Y., Munch, J.C., Pätzold, S., Peth, S., Scherer, H.W., Schloter, M., Schneider, H., Vanderborght, J., Vetterlein, Doris, Walter, A., Wiesenberg, G.L., Köpke, U., Kautz, T., Amelung, W., Ewert, F., Gaiser, T., Horn, R., Jahn, R., Javaux, M., Kemna, A., Kuzyakov, Y., Munch, J.C., Pätzold, S., Peth, S., Scherer, H.W., Schloter, M., Schneider, H., Vanderborght, J., Vetterlein, Doris, Walter, A., Wiesenberg, G.L., and Köpke, U.
- Abstract
In arable farming systems, the term ‘subsoil’ refers to the soil beneath the tilled or formerly tilled soil horizon whereas the latter one is denoted as ‘topsoil’. To date, most agronomic and plant nutrition studies have widely neglected subsoil processes involved in nutrient acquisition by crop roots. Based on our current knowledge it can be assumed that subsoil properties such as comparatively high bulk density, low air permeability, and poverty of organic matter, nutrients and microbial biomass are obviously adverse for nutrient acquisition, and sometimes subsoils provide as little as less than 10% of annual nutrient uptake in fertilised arable fields. Nevertheless, there is also strong evidence indicating that subsoil can contribute to more than two-thirds of the plant nutrition of N, P and K, especially when the topsoil is dry or nutrient-depleted. Based on the existing literature, nutrient acquisition from arable subsoils may be conceptualised into three major process components: (I) mobilisation from the subsoil, (II) translocation to the shoot and long-term accumulation in the Ap horizon and (III) re-allocation to the subsoil. The quantitative estimation of nutrient acquisition from the subsoil requires the linking of field experiments with mathematical modelling approaches on different spatial scales including Process Based Models for the field scale and FunctionaleStructural Plant Models for the plant scale. Possibilities to modify subsoil properties by means of agronomic management are limited, but ‘subsoiling’ e i.e. deep mechanical loosening e as well as the promotion of biopore formation are two potential strategies for increasing access to subsoil resources for crop roots in arable soils. The quantitative role of biopores in the nutrient acquisition from the subsoil is still unclear, and more research is needed to determine the bioaccessibility of nutrients in subsoil horizons.
- Published
- 2013
29. Körnerfrucht mit Solardach trocknen
- Author
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Haas, G., Heipertz, C., Schulze-Lammers, P., and Köpke, U.
- Subjects
Cereals, pulses and oilseeds - Abstract
Um Getreide und Körnerleguminosen ohne den Einsatz fossiler Energieträger trocknen zu können, wurde 1991 auf dem Versuchsbetrieb für Organischen Landbau Wiesengut/Hennef der Universität Bonn eine Solarkollektorenanlage zur Warmlufterzeugung errichtet. Die Anlage ist seit 8 Jahren im Einsatz und hat sich im Erntebetrieb bewährt. Der Energieeinspareffekt bezogen auf den Gesamtbetrieb ist allerdings vergleichsweise gering, da die Anlage nur wenige Tage im Jahr zum Einsatz kommen kann. Im Falle einer Kombination mit einer Unterdach-Warmluft-Heutrocknung wäre eine höhere Auslastung und Investitionsdeckung gegeben. aus: Haas, G. Bioland 05/2000
- Published
- 2000
30. Untersaaten in Kartoffeln
- Author
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Stumm, C., Köpke, U., Stumm, C., and Köpke, U.
- Abstract
Brochure met informatie over onderzoek naar ondergewassen in de biologische aardappelteelt. Het gebruik van een ondergewas kan de onkruiddruk verminderen en leiden tot een vermindering van de hoeveelheid restnitraat.
- Published
- 2008
31. Um método holístico para a descrição da qualidade de alimentos: o Índice de Qualidade
- Author
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Schulz, D.G. and Köpke, U.
- Subjects
Food security, food quality and human health ,Research methodology and philosophy - Abstract
O julgamento da qualidade de produtos vegetais provenientes de diferentes tipos de plantio encontra sempre os mesmos problemas: Segundo SCHUPHAN (1961) a qualidade de um alimento é determinada por três características principais: a qualidade externa (por exemplo variedade comercial), o valor de consumo (ou seja manufatura e industrialização) e a qualidade biológica, a qual exprime o balanço dos nutrientes. A soma simples dos efeitos dos nutrientes não é porém suficiente para determinar a qualidade, uma vez que somente uma parcela da planta é levada em consideração, problema este que já foi muito discutido (entre outros: KLETT, 1968; SCHORMÜLLER, 1974). Paralelamente surgem com frequência tendencias conflitantes nas pesquisas, nas quais se objetiva uma definição da qualidade de alimentos. Assim pode ocorrer por exemplo, que através de desequilíbrios fisiológicos de uma planta esta apresente uma quantidade de aminoácidos livres inferior (uma qualidade desejada, pois o teor de aminoácidos esenciais seria teoricamente maior [SCHUPHAN, 1976]), e mesmo assim com uma pocentagem proteica reduzida. Uma conclusão obtida através da análise de um único parâmetro é portanto insuficiente. Além disto as diferenças entre parâmetros de diferentes tipos de plantio não podem ser comparadas simultaneamente, pois as diferenças relativas não seriam levadas em consideração e diferenças irrelavantes poderiam ser supervalorizadas. Uma posssibilidade para a redução desta problemática é a junção do maior número possível de variantes em um „índice de qualidade“.
- Published
- 1998
32. Strategies to reduce mycotoxin and fungal alkaloid contamination in organic and conventional cereal production systems
- Author
-
Cooper, J., Leifert, C., Niggli, U., Köpke, U., Thiel, B., Elmholt, S., Cooper, J., Leifert, C., Niggli, U., Köpke, U., Thiel, B., and Elmholt, S.
- Abstract
Mycotoxins are toxic metabolites formed by specific fungi that grow on living plants and their residues under favourable conditions. They are undesirable ingredients of food and feed. Risks are also posed by the spores and toxin-contaminated raised dusts. Contamination by mycotoxins is a severe problem in food security. More than 300 species of fungi with the ability to form mycotoxins have been identified. More than 400 metabolites are assigned to the group of mycotoxins. Fortunately, only about 20 mycotoxins produced by five genera of fungi (Fusarium, Penicillium, Claviceps, Alternaria and Aspergillus) are found regularly or periodically in food and feed at levels which might have an impact on human and animal health (Gareis, 1999a). Since synthetic fungicides are not allowed in Organic Agriculture, fungal populations are often presumed to be higher in this farming system, and a higher frequency of mycotoxin contamination of organic food and feed has frequently been postulated by Tinker (2001). Others argued that omitting fungicides might lead to higher diversification of microbial populations and therefore limit growth of specific mycotoxin producers. There are controversial reports on varying mycotoxin contamination levels of grains produced organically and in mainstream farming (Marx et al., 1995, Berleth et al., 1998, Birzele et al., 2002, Meier et al., 1999, Stähle et al., 1998, Döll et al., 2002). Thus, the first aim of this contribution is to analyse whether a higher occurence of mould on organically grown crops and, as a result, a higher risk of mycotoxin impact due to specific organic farming as well as low input farming methods is confirmed by the reviewed literature. Secondly, factors that may influence mycotoxin contamination in the different cereal production systems are highlighted. Finally, strategies to reduce mycotoxin contamination are described. The recommendations given are limited to the conditions of the temperate European climate.
- Published
- 2007
33. Einfluß unterschiedlicher Anbauarten – mineralisch, organisch, biologisch-dynamisch – auf Kartoffeln: Inhaltsstoffe, Sensorik, Festigkeitskennwerte und bildschaffende Methoden
- Author
-
Schulz, D.G., Koch, K., Kromer, K.-H., and Köpke, U.
- Subjects
Food security, food quality and human health ,Root crops - Abstract
Grundsätzlich sprachen die Kartoffeln der Sorte ´Granola´ sehr schwach auf die eingesetzten Versuchsfaktoren an, sodaß die Unterschiede selten statistisch abgesichert werden konnten. Bei denjenigen Inhaltsstoffen, die deutlicher auf den Anbaufaktor Düngermenge ansprachen, reagierten die Knollen der mineralisch gedüngten Varianten eindeutig stärker (Abnahme der Trockenmasse, der Saccharose-, Stärke- und Clorid-Gehalte, Zunahme der Glukose-, Fruktose-, Fluorid- und Asche-Gehalte) als die Vergleichsvarianten. Ein Grund hierfür könnte die schnellere Verfügbarkeit des mineralischen Düngers gewesen sein. Die biologisch-dynamisch gedüngten Knollen zeigten nur bei drei Parametern dieselbe Reaktion auf die Intensivierung der Düngung wie die organisch gedüngten auf (Zunahme der Chlorid- und Asche-Gehalte, gleichbleibende Fluorid-Gehalte). Bei vier Merkmalen reagierten die biologisch-dynamischen Knollen überhaupt nicht oder sehr gering, wogegen die organisch gedüngten Kartoffeln eine Abnahme im Trockenmasse- und Saccharosegehalt bzw. keine gerichteten Tendenzen in den Glukose- und Fruktosegehalten aufwiesen. Die Festigkeitskennwerte der mineralisch gedüngten Kartoffeln wurde, im Vergleich zu den beiden anderen Varianten, schwächer bewertet. Die sensorischen Untersuchungen ergaben keine Bevorzugung einzelner Varianten, jedoch, besonders bei der minera-lischen Variante, eine tendenzielle Abnahme der sensorischen Qualität mit zunehmender Düngung. Die Ergebnisse der Untersuchungen zur „Vitalqualität“ mit Hilfe bildschaf-fender Methoden bestätigte die prinzipielle Eignung dieser Methode für ergänzende Qualitätsuntersuchungen. Eine abschließende Beurteilung der Qualität der unterschiedlichen Anbauvarianten wird erst in Verbindung der bisherigen Daten mit noch zur Analyse anstehenden Parametern (Nitrat, Aminosäuren, Ascorbinsäure, Kalium) möglich sein. Des weiteren wird in laufenden Sortenversuchen geprüft, ob andere Sorten stärker auf die verschiedenen Versuchsfaktoren reagieren.
- Published
- 1997
34. The Quality Index: A holistic Approach to describe Quality of Food
- Author
-
Schulz, D.G., Köpke, U., and Lockeretz, W.
- Subjects
Food security, food quality and human health ,Research methodology and philosophy - Abstract
Adequately assessing the quality of food grown with different cultivation methods is a constant problem. According to SCHUPHAN (1961), food quality consists of three main characteristics: grading, technological quality and nutritional quality. The latter involves the ratio between beneficial and harmful substances. Yet it is obvious that more than merely summing various substances is needed to assess the quality of food properly. This problem has been previously discussed by SCHORMÜLLER (1974) and KLETT (1968). A concept of quality that embraces the plant as a whole (and the internal equilibrium of the individual components) requires bringing together the results of multiple investigations in an integrated accounting that registers even slight differ-ences. Examinations of food quality, moreover, have repeatedly tended to produce contradictory results. It may appear for example, that physiological imbalances within a plant create a low concentration of free amino acids - which is desirable since it theoretically implies a high concentration of essential amino acids (SCHUPHAN, 1976). However, the protein quality itself may remain low. Therefore, any statement concern-ing the quality of food which is based on a few parameters only proves to be insuffi-cient. Isolated approaches might lead to wrong conclusions. Also differences in parameters must not be summarized hierarchically because relatively small differences would become overestimated. The Quality Index, condensing as many parameters as possible in an integrated calculation, might provide a way out of this predicament.
- Published
- 1997
35. Maßnahmen zur Unkrautregulierung
- Author
-
Kühne, S., Burth, U., Marx, P., van Elsen, T., Köpke, U., Pallutt, B., Jüttersonke, B., Kühne, S., Burth, U., Marx, P., van Elsen, T., Köpke, U., Pallutt, B., and Jüttersonke, B.
- Abstract
Vorbeugende und alternative Maßnahmen der Unkrautregulierung zur Erhaltung der Pflanzengesundheit.
- Published
- 2006
36. The Danish organic crop rotation experiment for cereal production 1997-2004
- Author
-
Raupp, J., Pekrun, C., Oltmanns, M., Köpke, U., Rasmussen, Ilse A., Askegaard, Margrethe, Olesen, Jørgen E., Raupp, J., Pekrun, C., Oltmanns, M., Köpke, U., Rasmussen, Ilse A., Askegaard, Margrethe, and Olesen, Jørgen E.
- Abstract
In 1997 a crop rotation experiment was initiated at three sites in Denmark. The objective of the experiment was to explore the possibilities for both short-term and long-term increases in organic cereal production through manipulation of crop rotation design on different soil types. The experiment included three factors (proportion of grass-clover in the rotation, catch crops and manure application) in a randomised factorial design. The main indicators measured in the experiment were crop yield, nutrient leaching and weeds. The crop rotation experiment has shown significant effects of location, crop rotation, catch crops and manure on yields, weed infestation, soil fertility and nutrient losses (Olesen et al., 2002; Schjønning et al., 2004; Askegaard et al., 2005a, b; Rasmussen et al., 2005, 2006). There were indications of changes of some of these effects over time as a result of the ‘buffering power’ of grass-clover, where the N2-fixation is affected by crop management and soil fertility. This buffering power will probably not only affect yields but also the risk of N losses, and there is a need to further investigate possibilities of controlling N supply to the crops better through improved use of green manure crops, catch crops and manure at the crop rotation level. Perennial weeds (especially C. arvense and E. repens) have proliferated severely in the crop rotation experiment at two of the three locations during the experimental period, and these weeds may seriously reduce yields in organic arable farming. Direct control of perennial weeds is typically carried out by stubble cultivation in autumn, reducing the possibilities for growing catch crops. The energy use, as well as the elevated risk for nutrient leaching, jeopardizes the sustainability of this practice, and therefore cultivation should be avoided (Rasmussen et al., 2006). The crop rotation experiment has shown that the occurrence of these weeds is significantly affected by the choice of crops and catc
- Published
- 2006
37. Influence of intensified mineral and organic fertilizer and biodynamic preparations on yield, quality and shelf life of potatoes
- Author
-
Schulz, D.G., Köpke, U., and Raupp, J.
- Subjects
Food security, food quality and human health ,Root crops - Abstract
In the described trials the influence of biodynamic preparations and also of different kinds and intensities of fertilization on potatoes were investigated. It was observed that: — an increase of fertilizer enlarged the total yield, the average tuber weight, the total carbohydrate content, the weight loss in store and the tendency to self-digestion, — the higher intensity of fertilization also reduced the tissue strength, the content of dry matter and the share of saccharose. — In comparison to biodynamic and organic fertilizer the mineral fertilizer reduced the content of dry matter and increased the total yield, the average tuber weight, the self-digestion, conductivity and the tendency to build germs. — Biodynamic preparations influenced the number of flowers and the content of carbohydrates without a clear tendency, reduced the relation between leaf-surface and -dimensions and raised the tissue strength. After all it is still not quite clear, under which circumstances the preparates are effective and why they sometimes show contrary effects. A lot more parameters are still waiting to be analyzed, for example some more contents like ascorbic acid, nitrate and minerals. In addition to that sensoric investigations are carried out in cooperation with the „Federal Research Institute for Nutrition“ in Karlsruhe. With these results and those of the following years we expect conclusive indications to possibilities of improving quality of potatoes by means of fertilization and treatment with biodynamic preparations.
- Published
- 1996
38. The consistently superior quality of carrots from one organic farm in Austria compared with conventional farms
- Author
-
Köpke, U., Niggli, U., Neuhoff, D., Cornish, P., Lockeretz, W., Willer, H., Velimirov, Alberta, Köpke, U., Niggli, U., Neuhoff, D., Cornish, P., Lockeretz, W., Willer, H., and Velimirov, Alberta
- Abstract
The aim of this 5 year investigation was to compare quality parameters of differently cultivated carrots of the same cultivar grown in the same region as well as to compare the relevance of different methods of analysis to differentiate between these products. The following quality tests were applied: • Sensory tests (all harvests) • Food preference tests with laboratory rats (all harvests) • Decomposition tests (all harvests) • P-value determination (all harvests) • Single-Photon-Counting (1999) • Chemical analysis of the main components (1998 and 1999) It could be shown that carrots (var. Tarvil) grown using an organic farming method were significantly preferred by humans and laboratory rats, lost significantly less dry matter during decomposition, had lower P-values, indicating better bioelectrical properties, revealed a significantly better capacity to store biophotons, but showed no conclusive differentiation concerning their main components. Holistic methods were well qualified to distinguish organic from conventional carrots on significant levels.
- Published
- 2005
39. Prediction of grain yield of spring barley varieties by disease and growth characteristics from VCU testing
- Author
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Köpke, U., Niggli, U., Neuhoff, D., Carnish, P., Lockeretz, W., Østergård, H., Kristensen, K., Jensen, J.W., Köpke, U., Niggli, U., Neuhoff, D., Carnish, P., Lockeretz, W., Østergård, H., Kristensen, K., and Jensen, J.W.
- Abstract
Fifty spring barley varieties grown under organic as well as conventional growing conditions in experimental fields in four combinations of year and site were studied. The yield varied much within and between environments (years and sites) and systems. Further, the variation between varieties was substantially and it differed between different environments and systems. Associations between observed grain yield of these varieties and disease and growth characteristics assessed in the official conventional variety testing were compared between the organic and the conventional system. Using factorial regression analysis, the best model for predicting the observed grain yield each year from these characteristics the previous year was found. In this model, the residual variance component for varieties was lower for observations from the conventional growing system than from the organic growing system implying that the VCU-characteristics better predicted the results from conventional growing system. The implications for organic variety testing are discussed.
- Published
- 2005
40. Intercropping – The practical application of diversity, competition, and facilitation in arable and organic cropping systems
- Author
-
Köpke, U., Niggli, U., Neuhoff, D., Lockeretz, W., Willer, H., Jensen, Erik Steen, Hauggaard-Nielsen, Henrik, Kinane, Julia, Andersen, Mette Klindt, Jørnsgaard, Bjarne, Köpke, U., Niggli, U., Neuhoff, D., Lockeretz, W., Willer, H., Jensen, Erik Steen, Hauggaard-Nielsen, Henrik, Kinane, Julia, Andersen, Mette Klindt, and Jørnsgaard, Bjarne
- Abstract
Intercropping (IC) is the simultaneous cultivation of more than one crop species on the same piece of land. The IC practice offers many advantages to organic agriculture in terms of resource use, yield stability, weed management and increased diversification of agroecosystems. Field experiments carried out at two sites in Denmark over three consequetive cropping seasons showed that ICs of cereals and grain legumes gave higher yields, less weeds, lower infection with plant diseases and higher grain quality compared to corresponding sole crops.
- Published
- 2005
41. Combination of different methods for direct control of vicia hirsuta in winter wheat
- Author
-
Köpke, Ulrich, Niggli, Urs, Neuhoff, Daniel, Cornish, Peter, Lockeretz, Willie, Willer, Helga, Lukashyk, P., Köpke, U., Köpke, Ulrich, Niggli, Urs, Neuhoff, Daniel, Cornish, Peter, Lockeretz, Willie, Willer, Helga, Lukashyk, P., and Köpke, U.
- Abstract
Combinations of three different direct methods for controlling Vicia hirsuta (kainite application, flame weeding and harrowing) were investigated in field experiments. They were based on different strategies at early growth stages of V. hirsuta and standardised harrowing at late growth stages. The highest efficacy of kainite application and flame weeding was achieved at the one leaf stage of V. hirsuta. Winter wheat regeneration from damage caused by both kainite and thermal control was satisfactory when treatments were applied at early growth stages (GS 23). Vicia hirsuta plants that survived kainite application or flame weeding were successfully controlled by repeated harrowing at later crop growth stages; crop growth was not affected. Seed production of V. hirsuta declined with increasing harrowing in all treatments; however the strongest and most reliable reduction was achieved when flame weeding had been previously applied. All combinations of direct measures reduced winter wheat grain-yield losses and enhanced thousand-grain weight more efficiently than the use of a single method only. The highest wheat-grain yield was gained after repeated harrowing (3 times) both with and without kainite application.
- Published
- 2005
42. Long-term organic crop rotation experiments for cereal production - perennial weed control and nitrogen leaching
- Author
-
Köpke, U., Niggli, U., Neuhoff, D., Cornish, P., Lockeretz, W., Willer, H., Rasmussen, I.A., Askegaard, M., Olesen, J.E., Köpke, U., Niggli, U., Neuhoff, D., Cornish, P., Lockeretz, W., Willer, H., Rasmussen, I.A., Askegaard, M., and Olesen, J.E.
- Abstract
In long-term organic crop rotation experiments for cereal production, stubble cultivation to control perennial weeds increased nitrogen leaching compared to catch crops grown after harvest. Stubble cultivation contributed to the control of Elymus repens on a sandy soil, but not to the control of Cirsium arvense on a loamy soil. Manure application had a tendency to decrease E. repens density in one rotation at the sandy soil. Grass-clover green manure decreased C. arvense in the succeeding crops. Despite high infestations of perennial weeds, yields were at the same level with as without stubble cultivation. The results point to an important dilemma in organic farming: should the farmer control perennial weeds in the stubble at the expense of losing nitrogen by leaching? Or should catch crops be grown that preserve nitrogen, but allow E. repens to proliferate?
- Published
- 2005
43. The challenge of ecological justice in a globalising world
- Author
-
Köpke, U., Niggli, U., Neuhoff, D., Cornish, P., Lockeretz, W., Willer, H., Alrøe, Hugo F., Köpke, U., Niggli, U., Neuhoff, D., Cornish, P., Lockeretz, W., Willer, H., and Alrøe, Hugo F.
- Abstract
Ecological justice is a challenging concept in relation to the current development of agriculture, including organic agriculture, because it positions social and ecological interests against market liberalism and economic growth. Ecological justice concerns fairness with respect to common environments, and it is therefore closely connected to the idea of commons. The concepts of commons and ecological justice are particularly relevant to organic agriculture, which builds on close cooperation with ecological systems and cycles, and they may suggest ways to resist the pressures of globalisation and structural and technological developments.
- Published
- 2005
44. Kontrolle von Cirsium arvense durch Stoppelbearbeitung
- Author
-
Heß, J, Rahmann, G, Lukashyk, P, Berg, M, Köpke, U, Heß, J, Rahmann, G, Lukashyk, P, Berg, M, and Köpke, U
- Abstract
Compared to single stubble tillage efficacy of C. arvense weed control was increased by repeated tillage independent of the tillage implements used. Competitiveness of a vigorous green manure can further enhance the effect of weed control.
- Published
- 2005
45. Einsatz des Striegels zur Regulierung von Vicia hirsuta in Winterweizen
- Author
-
Heß, J, Rahmann, G, Lukashyk, P, Berg, B, Köpke, U, Heß, J, Rahmann, G, Lukashyk, P, Berg, B, and Köpke, U
- Abstract
Seed production of hairy tare was reduced by harrowing. Harrowing can be performed until ear emergence without severe damage of winter wheat. Efficacy of late and repeated harrowing was increased if combined with early harrowing (BBCH 32-33). The removal of V. hirsuta reduced winter wheat grain yield losses and enhanced thousand grain weight.
- Published
- 2005
46. The development of farm size on Danish organic farms - a comment to the conventionalisation debate
- Author
-
Köpke, U, Niggli, U, Neuhoff, D, Cornish, P, Lockeretz, W, Willer, H, Langer, Vibeke, Frederiksen, Pia, Jensen, Jørgen Dejgård, Köpke, U, Niggli, U, Neuhoff, D, Cornish, P, Lockeretz, W, Willer, H, Langer, Vibeke, Frederiksen, Pia, and Jensen, Jørgen Dejgård
- Published
- 2005
47. Nodulation of lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) roots: depth distribution and temporal variation
- Author
-
Li, F., primary, Kautz, T., additional, Pude, R., additional, and Köpke, U., additional
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Direkte Kontrolle von Vicia hirsuta (L.) S.F. GRAY in Getreidebeständen des Organischen Landbaus.
- Author
-
Hurle, K., Zwerger, P., Belz, R., Lukashyk, P., Berg, M., Köpke, U., Hurle, K., Zwerger, P., Belz, R., Lukashyk, P., Berg, M., and Köpke, U.
- Abstract
Die Rauhaarige Wicke (Vicia hirsuta) kann in konkurrenzschwachen Wintergetreidebeständen des Organischen Landbaus in hoher Dichte und Masse auftreten. Die Folge sind Ertrags- und Qualitätsverluste sowie Ernteerschwernisse. Informationen zur erfolgversprechenden Regulierung von Vicia hirsuta fehlen bislang weitgehend. In faktoriellen Feldversuchen zu Winterweizen und Winterroggen wurden das Verätzen der Wicken durch Einsatz von Kainit, die thermische Kontrolle sowie die mechanische Kontrolle (Striegel) in frühen und späten Entwicklungsstadien geprüft. Erfasst wurden Anzahl und Deckungsgrad der Wicken, die Schäden an der Kulturpflanze, Ertragsparameter (Kulturpflanze) und die Samenproduktion der Wicken. Die Ergebnisse aus den Versuchsjahren 2002 und 2003 zeigen, dass: (1) Vicia hirsuta in allen Stadien gegen das Verätzen mit Kainitlösungen empfindlich ist, wobei der Wirkungsgrad bei Anwendung im Jugendstadium am höchsten war. In den Feldversuchen war die Wirkung stark witterungsabhängig; das Getreide wurde durch die Kainitbehandlung nur geringfügig geschädigt. (2) Die Wirkung der thermischen Behandlung auf Vicia hirsuta war abhängig von der Intensität der Hitzeeinwirkung sowie den Entwicklungsstadien von Kulturpflanze und Wicke. Die Auswirkungen des Abflammens auf das Getreide waren bei der Anwendung vor Bestockungsende gering; das Getreide regenerierte sich vollständig. Bei Behandlungen nach der Bestockung des Getreides traten hingegen vglw. starke Schädigungen auf, die auch Ertragseinbußen verursachten. (3) Mit alleinigem Einsatz des Striegels ist eine effiziente Kontrolle von Vicia hirsuta erreichbar. Voraussetzung sind die rechtzeitige Bearbeitung während des Schossens und ggf. wiederholte Durchfahrten bis nach dem Ährenschieben.
- Published
- 2004
49. Einfluß gesteigerter organischer und mineralischer Düngung und biologisch-dynamischer Präparate auf Ertrag, Qualität und Lagerfähigkeit von Kartoffeln
- Author
-
Schulz, D. G., Gmelin, C., Mehrens, A., Sabiwalsky, B., Köpke, U., Dewes, Thomas, and Schmitt, Liliane
- Subjects
Composting and manuring ,Root crops - Abstract
Die gesteigerte Düngung ergab an beiden Standorten bei den meisten Parametern die erwarteten Effekte. Eine Wirkung der biologisch-dynamischen Präparate, entweder getrennt in Kompost- und Spritzpräparate, oder kombiniert angewendet, konnte ebenfalls bei mehreren Parametern nachgewiesen werden. Allerdings ist nach wie vor nicht klar, unter welchen Umständen diese Präparate wirken und warum sie z.T. gegensinnige Effekte haben. In dem hier vorgestellten Projekt stehen zur Zeit aus den letzten beiden Versuchsjahren noch diverse Parameter, u.a. einige Inhaltsstoffe (z.B. Ascorbinsäure, Nitrat, Mineralstoffe) zur Analyse und Auswertung aus. Aus diesen Ergebnissen und denen der nächsten fünf Jahre erwarten wir in der Zusammenschau mit den Ergebnissen unserer Forschergruppe (vgl. SCHULZ und KÖPKE, 1995) schlüssige Hinweise auf Möglichkeiten zur Verbesserung der Qualität durch differenzierte Düngung und Behandlung mit den biologisch-dynamischen Präparaten.
- Published
- 1995
50. DFG-Forschergruppe Bonn: 'Optimierungsstrategien im Organischen Landbaus'
- Author
-
Schulz, D.G. and Köpke, U.
- Subjects
Food security, food quality and human health ,Root crops - Abstract
Mit erheblichen finanziellen Mitteln fördert die Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) zum ersten Mal eine Forschergruppe innerhalb der Landwirtschaftlichen Fakultät der Bonner Universität. Nach den Richtlinien der DFG ist eine Forschergruppe ein längerfristiger Zusammenschluss mehrerer, in der Regel an einem Ort wirkender Wissenschaftler zur Bearbeitung einer besonderen Forschungsaufgabe [...]. Trotz des bestehenden günstigen Images von Produkten des Organischen Landbaus muss davon ausgegangen werden, dass die Verbraucher verstärkt Fragen nach der Qualitätssicherung und deren Nachweis für diese Produkte stellen werden. Die Nachweise einer höheren Produktqualität von Erzeugnissen des Organischen Landbaus sind jedoch bislang in der Gesamtheit betrachtet widersprüchlich, da oftmals nur wenige und möglicherweise nicht immer die aussagefähigsten Parameter in Einzeluntersuchungen überprüft wurden. Diesem Defizit will die hier vorgestellte Forschergruppe entgegentreten und versuchen, wesentliche Beiträge zur Weiterentwicklung im Bereich Produktionstechnik und Qualiätssicherung zu leisten. Als Untersuchungsbereiche wählte die Forschergruppe den Getreide- und Kartoffelanbau. Für die Produkte sollen breite Spektren von physikalischen und biochemischen Parametern erarbeitet werden, die in der Gesamtschau u.a. Aufschluss geben über die Produktqualität im Nacherntezustand und im Lagerverhalten. Das gesamte Projekt umfasst im ersten Abschnitt 8 Einzelprojekte mit 7 Doktorandinnen und Doktoranden sowie einer Postdoktorandenstelle.
- Published
- 1995
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