220 results on '"Jutterström, Sara"'
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2. Three Decades of Changing Nutrient Stoichiometry from Source to Sea on the Swedish West Coast
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Peacock, Mike, Futter, Martyn N., Jutterström, Sara, Kothawala, Dolly N., Moldan, Filip, Stadmark, Johanna, and Evans, Chris D.
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- 2022
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3. NKL-1915 National Nitrogen Budgets in Scandinavia: consequences for climate change and for eutrophication – synthesis report
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Moldan, Filip, Jutterström, Sara, Stadmark, Johanna, Akujärvi, Anu, Forsius, Martin, Holmberg, Maria, Austnes, Kari, de Wit, Heleen, Bak, Jesper, Moldan, Filip, Jutterström, Sara, Stadmark, Johanna, Akujärvi, Anu, Forsius, Martin, Holmberg, Maria, Austnes, Kari, de Wit, Heleen, and Bak, Jesper
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This report presents the results of a project undertaken by Norway, Finland, Sweden, and Denmark related to the National Nitrogen Budget (NNB) with a focus on the NNB pool Forests and semi-natural vegetation (FS). The NNB involves calculations of reactive nitrogen (Nr) inflows and outflows within the FS pool, and the study compares these calculations to reports of carbon sequestration in climate reporting to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC).Norway and Finland initiated their work on NNB, concentrating on Forests and semi-natural vegetation (FS). The UNECE LRTAP Task Force on Reactive Nitrogen (TFRN) methodology was also used for compiling the FS pool for Denmark, while Sweden had established its FS pool prior to the project.The FS pool comprises three sub-pools: forests, wetlands, and other lands. Inflows of reactive nitrogen (Nr) to the FS pool are primarily from deposition and biological N-fixation, with major outflows being leaching, harvest, and denitrification.In Finland, Sweden, and Denmark, the inflows and outflows are in balance, while in Norway, there is an accumulation of Nr, indicating a surplus of nitrogen. Wetland sub-pools in all four countries and the forest sub-pool in Norway show nitrogen accumulation.All four countries report carbon sequestration in forests to UNFCCC. There is a link between nitrogen and carbon cycles, since the organic matter forming the carbon stock in forests and wetlands relies on nitrogen. The origin of nitrogen contributing to the estimated C-stock increase needs further investigation.There is a discrepancy between the calculated nitrogen changes in the FS pool and the nitrogen needed to support reported carbon stock changes. Possible explanations for the discrepancies are re-location of nitrogen within pools, changes in the C/N ratio, expansion of forested areas, and uncertainties in N-fixation rates and denitrification.There is a need for better integration of carbon and nitrogen flux and s, Denna rapport presenterar resultaten från ett projekt som genomförts av Norge, Finland, Sverige och Danmark relaterat till den nationella kvävebudgeten (NNB) med fokus på NNB-poolen ”Forests and semi-natural vegetation” (FS). NNB omfattar beräkningar av inflöden och utflöden av reaktivt kväve (Nr) inom FS-poolen, och studien jämför dessa beräkningar med rapporter om kollagring i klimatrapporteringen till FN:s ramkonvention om klimatförändringar (UNFCCC).Norge och Finland inledde sitt arbete med NNB och koncentrerade sig på skogar och seminaturlig vegetation (FS) enligt metodiken från UNECE LRTAP Task Force on Reactive Nitrogen (TFRN). Danmark hade sedan tidigare gjort en kvävebudget enligt annan metodik och använde för första gången TFRN:s metodik för FS och Sverige hade redan före projektet sammanställt data för FS.FS-poolen består av tre underpooler: skogar, våtmarker och annan mark. Inflödet av reaktivt kväve (Nr) till FS-poolen kommer främst från deposition och biologisk N-fixering, medan de största utflödena är utlakning, skörd och denitrifikation.I Finland, Sverige och Danmark är inflöden och utflöden i balans, medan det i Norge finns en ackumulering av Nr, vilket tyder på ett överskott av kväve. Våtmarker i alla fyra länderna och skog i Norge uppvisar kväveackumulering.Alla fyra länderna rapporterar kollagring i skog till UNFCCC. Det finns en koppling mellan kväve- och kolomsättning, eftersom det organiska material som bildar kollagret i skogar och våtmarker är beroende av kväve. Ursprunget till kvävet som bidrar till den beräknade ökningen av kollagret behöver undersökas ytterligare.Det finns en diskrepans mellan de beräknade kväveförändringarna i FS-poolen och det kväve som behövs för att möjliggöra rapporterade förändringar i kollagret. Möjliga förklaringar till avvikelserna är omfördelning av kväve inom poolerna, förändringar i C/N-kvoten, expansion av skogsområden och osäkerheter i N-fixeringshastigheter och denitrifikation.Det finns ett behov av bättre
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- 2024
4. Four decades of changing dissolved organic matter quality and stoichiometry in a Swedish forest stream
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Evans, Christopher D., Jutterström, Sara, Stadmark, Johanna, Peacock, Mike, Futter, Martyn, Kothawala, Dolly, Monteith, Don, Moldan, Filip, Evans, Christopher D., Jutterström, Sara, Stadmark, Johanna, Peacock, Mike, Futter, Martyn, Kothawala, Dolly, Monteith, Don, and Moldan, Filip
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Dissolved organic matter (DOM) concentrations have risen by a factor of two or more across much of Europe and North America during recent decades. These increases have affected the carbon cycle, light regime, drinking water treatability, and the energy and nutrient budgets of lakes and streams. However, while trends in DOM quantity are well characterised, information on how/whether qualitative properties of DOM have changed are scarce. Here, we describe over 40 years of monitoring data from a forested headwater stream in the Gårdsjön experimental catchment, southwest Sweden, which provides a unique record of biogeochemical change, including optical and stoichiometric DOM quality metrics, spanning the entire period of recovery from acidification. For the period 1980–2020 we find a 71% reduction in decadal mean sulphate concentrations, and a similar reduction in inorganic aluminium concentrations, alongside a 64% increase in dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations. Over the same period, colour (absorbance at 420 nm) increased almost twice as much as DOC, whereas dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) increased by only one third as much. These results demonstrate a shift in stream water composition, with DOM becoming dominated by highly coloured, complex, nitrogen-poor compounds. This material is likely more resistant to biological degradation, but more susceptible to photochemical degradation. Changes in DOM stoichiometry could lead to intensified nitrogen and/or phosphorus limitation in surface waters, while increased colour/DOC ratios could intensify light-limitation of primary production beyond that expected from DOC increases alone. We observed increases in organic matter associated metals (iron 117%, organically complexed aluminium 85%) that exceeded the increase in DOC, consistent with their increased mobilisation by more aromatic organic matter. All observed changes are consistent with recovery from acidification being the primary driver of change, implying tha
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- 2024
5. Policy Brief: Nitrogen budgets and the link to carbon sequestration in the Nordic forests
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Moldan, Filip, primary, Jutterström, Sara, additional, Stadmark, Johanna, additional, Akujärvi, Anu, additional, Forsius, Martin, additional, Holmberg, Maria, additional, Austnes, Kari, additional, de Wit, Heleen, additional, and Bak, Jesper, additional
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- 2021
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6. MAGIC library – A tool to assess surface water acidification
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Moldan, Filip, Stadmark, Johanna, Jutterström, Sara, Kronnäs, Veronika, Blomgren, Håkan, and Cosby, Bernard J.
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- 2020
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7. Three decades of changing nutrient stoichiometry from source to sea on the Swedish west coast
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Peacock, Michael, primary, Futter, Martyn, additional, Jutterström, Sara, additional, Kothawala, Dolly, additional, Moldan, Filip, additional, Stadmark, Johanna, additional, and Evans, Chris, additional
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- 2024
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8. Roadside assessment of a modern city bus fleet: Gaseous and particle emissions
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Liu, Qianyun, Hallquist, Åsa M., Fallgren, Henrik, Jerksjö, Martin, Jutterström, Sara, Salberg, Håkan, Hallquist, Mattias, Le Breton, Michael, Pei, Xiangyu, Pathak, Ravi Kant, Liu, Tengyu, Lee, Berto, and Chan, Chak K.
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- 2019
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9. Experimental addition of nitrogen to a whole forest ecosystem at Gårdsjön, Sweden (NITREX): Nitrate leaching during 26 years of treatment
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Moldan, Filip, Jutterström, Sara E.A-K., Hruška, Jakub, and Wright, Richard F.
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- 2018
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10. Potential impact of shipping on air pollution in the Mediterranean region – a multimodel evaluation: comparison of photooxidants NO2 and O3
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Fink, Lea, Karl, Matthias, Matthias, Volker, Oppo, Sonia, Kranenburg, Richard, Kuenen, Jeroen, Moldanova, Jana, Jutterström, Sara, Jalkanen, Jukka-Pekka, Majamäki, Elisa, Ilmatieteen laitos, and Finnish Meteorological Institute
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Atmospheric Science ,ilman saastuminen ,air pollution ,emissions ,sea routes ,air quality ,marine traffic ,laivaliikennepäästöt ,ilmansaasteet ,ilman epäpuhtaudet ,meriliikenne ,laivat ,ilmanlaatu ,maritime navigation ,air pollutants ,merenkulku ,shipping ,ships ,air impurities and contaminants ,meriväylät - Abstract
Shipping has a significant share in the emissions of air pollutants such as NOx and particulate matter (PM), and the global maritime transport volumes are projected to increase further in the future. The major route for short sea shipping within Europe and the main shipping route between Europe and East Asia are found in the Mediterranean Sea. Thus, it is a highly frequented shipping area, and high levels of air pollutants with significant potential impacts from shipping emissions are observed at monitoring stations in many cities along the Mediterranean coast. The present study is part of the EU H2020 project SCIPPER (Shipping contribution to Inland Pollution Push for the Enforcement of Regulations). Five different regional chemistry transport models (CAMx – Comprehensive Air Quality Model with Extensions, CHIMERE, CMAQ, EMEP – European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme, LOTOS-EUROS) were used to simulate the transport, chemical transformation and fate of atmospheric pollutants in the Mediterranean Sea for 2015. Shipping emissions were calculated with the Ship Traffic Emission Assessment Model (STEAM) version 3.3.0, and land-based emissions were taken from the CAMS-REG v2.2.1 dataset for a domain covering the Mediterranean Sea at a resolution of 12 km × 12 km (or 0.1∘×0.1∘). All models used their standard setup for further input. The potential impact of ships was calculated with the zero-out method. The model results were compared to each other and to measured background data at monitoring stations. The model results differ regarding the time series and pattern but are similar concerning the overall underestimation of NO2 and overestimation of O3. The potential impact from ships on the total NO2 concentration was especially high on the main shipping routes and in coastal regions (25 % to 85 %). The potential impact from ships on the total O3 concentration was lowest in regions with the highest NO2 impact (down to −20%). CAMx and CHIMERE simulated the highest potential impacts of ships on the NO2 and O3 air concentrations. Additionally, the strongest correlation was found between CAMx and CHIMERE, which can be traced back to the use of the same meteorological input data. The other models used different meteorological input due to their standard setup. The CMAQ-, EMEP- and LOTOS-EUROS-simulated values were within one range for the NO2 and O3 air concentrations. Regarding simulated deposition, larger differences between the models were found when compared to air concentration. These uncertainties and deviations between models are caused by deposition mechanisms, which are unique within each model. A reliable output from models simulating ships' potential impacts can be expected for air concentrations of NO2 and O3.
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- 2023
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11. A multimodel evaluation of the potential impact of shipping on particle species in the Mediterranean Sea
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Fink, Lea, primary, Karl, Matthias, additional, Matthias, Volker, additional, Oppo, Sonia, additional, Kranenburg, Richard, additional, Kuenen, Jeroen, additional, Jutterström, Sara, additional, Moldanova, Jana, additional, Majamäki, Elisa, additional, and Jalkanen, Jukka-Pekka, additional
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- 2023
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12. Consequences of intensive forest harvesting on the recovery of Swedish lakes from acidification and on critical load exceedances
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Moldan, Filip, Stadmark, Johanna, Fölster, Jens, Jutterström, Sara, Futter, Martyn N., Cosby, Bernard J., and Wright, Richard F.
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- 2017
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13. Arctic Intermediate Water in the Nordic Seas, 1991–2009
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Jeansson, Emil, Olsen, Are, and Jutterström, Sara
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- 2017
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14. Supplementary material to "A multimodel evaluation of the potential impact of shipping on particle species in the Mediterranean Sea"
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Fink, Lea, primary, Karl, Matthias, additional, Matthias, Volker, additional, Oppo, Sonia, additional, Kranenburg, Richard, additional, Kuenen, Jeroen, additional, Jutterström, Sara, additional, Moldanova, Jana, additional, Majamäki, Elisa, additional, and Jalkanen, Jukka-Pekka, additional
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- 2023
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15. Kvicksilver i Skinnmuddselets regleringsdamm - 30 års övervakning
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Jutterström, Sara, Hultberg, Hans, André, Hanna, Jutterström, Sara, Hultberg, Hans, and André, Hanna
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Kontrollprogrammet för Skinnmuddselets reglering har följt utvecklingen av koncentrationen av kvicksilver i vatten och fisk i Skinnmuddselet i nära 30 år, sedan kort efter dämningen och skapandet av regleringsmagasinet 1989. I kontrollprogrammets mätserier kan man tydligt se att kvicksilverhalten i fisk ökade efter dämningen för att sedan, tillsammans med kvicksilverhalten i vattnet, klinga av och lägga sig på relativt stabila nivåer. De första kvicksilvermätningarna i vattnet i Skinnmuddselet gjordes 1992, dvs. ca 3 år efter dämningen. Efter de initialt höga värdena uppmätta under 1992 och 1993 sjönk halten metylkvicksilver under en 10-års-period för att sedan plana ut. Efter denna period sågs enskilda höga kvicksilverhalter som har kunnat härledas till exempelvis hantering av flyttorv och avrinning efter torrperioder. Andra höga värden kan troligtvis ha orsakats av störningar i marken i avrinningsområdet, exempelvis avverkning eller framförande av tunga maskiner. Kvicksilverhalten i fisk undersöktes för 10-cm abborre, 25-cm abborre samt 1-kg gädda. Efter dämningen kunde man se en snabb ökning av kvicksilverhalten för 10-cm abborre i Skinnmuddselet som nådde sitt maximum 1991 (från 0.15 mg/kg till 0.65 mg/kg) följt av en avklingning och stabilisering efter ca 5-7 år. Även för 1-kg gädda ökade koncentrationerna snabbt, dock inte lika snabbt som för 10-cm abborren utan med sitt maximum 1992 (1.4 mg/kg) och också en längre avklingning av kvicksilverhalten. Efter ca 15-20 år kom kvicksilverhalterna i gädda ner till de halter som uppmättes innan dämning (0.5 mg/kg i Skinnmuddselet). I Viskasjön, som använts som referens, har kvicksilverhalterna legat stabilt för både abborre och gädda under hela kontrollprogramsperioden. Ett sidoprojekt genomfördes, där låga doser av selen tillsattes i vatten i området för att undersöka dess effekt på kvicksilver i biota, och detta har sedan följts upp inom kontrollprogrammet. Selenförsöket i Lavsjön visade tydligt en positiv påverk
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- 2023
16. Swedish National Nitrogen Budget - Energy and fuels
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Stadmark, Johanna, Jutterström, Sara, Yaramenka, Katarina, Moldan, Filip, Stadmark, Johanna, Jutterström, Sara, Yaramenka, Katarina, and Moldan, Filip
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This report presents pool 1 “Energy and fuels” (EF) in the Swedish national nitrogen budget (NNB). The EF pool is divided into four sub-pools; Energy conversion (EC), Manufacturing industries and construction (IC), Transport (TR) and Other energy and fuels (OE). The Swedish data presented in this report are for 2015 whenever possible. If data were not available for 2015, available information for the year closest to 2015 have been used. The data were collected from Swedish official statistics and reports and preferably from sources that will continue to be updated, to make it easier to evaluate possible changes in N budgets in the future. Emissions of reactive nitrogen (Nr) to the atmosphere via various combustion processes have been quantified as they have been reported to international conventions (CLRTAP and UNFCCC) broken down by the codes used in those reports. The largest emissions of Nr occur from transport (24.1 kt), followed by manufacturing and construction (6.7 kt), other energy and fuels (4.9 kt) and energy conversion (4.8 kt). The majority of reactive nitrogen emissions from this sector (> 90 percent) consists of NOx, and otherwise of N2O and NH3. The import of primarily crude oil and of other oil-based fuels means a flow of N from the rest of the world to Sweden (53.5 kt). A fraction of this amount is converted to reactive forms and emitted to the atmosphere during combustion. The main part of the NOx that is emitted from fuel combustion is, however, formed when nitrogen in the air is oxidized during the combustion (thermal production of NOx) and does not originate from the N in the fuel. Remaining N in the crude oil and oil products is either removed from the fuel during cracking in refineries or converted to N2 during combustion. Development of combustion processes where NOx is not formed leads to lower emissions. Biofuels such as ethanol and biodiesel are produced from e.g. wheat and rapeseed. A large part of the nitrogen present in these crops
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- 2023
17. Supplementary material to "The contribution of shipping to air pollution in the Mediterranean region – a multimodel evaluation: Comparison of photooxidants NO2 and O3"
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Fink, Lea, primary, Karl, Matthias, additional, Matthias, Volker, additional, Oppo, Sonia, additional, Kranenburg, Richard, additional, Kuenen, Jeroen, additional, Moldanova, Jana, additional, Jutterström, Sara, additional, Jalkanen, Jukka-Pekka, additional, and Majamäki, Elisa, additional
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- 2022
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18. The contribution of shipping to air pollution in the Mediterranean region – a multimodel evaluation: Comparison of photooxidants NO2 and O3
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Fink, Lea, primary, Karl, Matthias, additional, Matthias, Volker, additional, Oppo, Sonia, additional, Kranenburg, Richard, additional, Kuenen, Jeroen, additional, Moldanova, Jana, additional, Jutterström, Sara, additional, Jalkanen, Jukka-Pekka, additional, and Majamäki, Elisa, additional
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- 2022
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19. Bedömningsgrunder försurning - tester av MAGIC-biblioteket
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Moldan, Filip, Jutterström, Sara, Stadmark, Johanna, Holmgren, Kerstin, Fölster, Jens, Moldan, Filip, Jutterström, Sara, Stadmark, Johanna, Holmgren, Kerstin, and Fölster, Jens
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IVL Svenska Miljöinstitutet har tillsammans med Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet (SLU) på uppdrag av Havs-och vattenmyndigheten undersökt ett antal frågeställningar angående bedömningsverktyget MAGIC-biblioteket baserade på synpunkter och data från kalkningsansvariga handläggare på länsstyrelserna. MAGIC-biblioteket är ett försurningsbedömningsverktyg som gör att sjöar och vattendrag kan bedömas utifrån ett liknande vatten. På det sättet har tiotusentals sjöar och vattendrag bedömts. I samband med bedömningarna har det identifierats ett antal fall där beräknade referensvärden bedömts vara orealistiska utifrån annan kunskap som användarna av MAGIC-biblioteket besitter. Ett utskick gjordes till kalkningsansvariga handläggare på länsstyrelserna där det efterfrågades underlag på sådana objekt där försurningsbedömning med MAGIC-biblioteket anses vara felaktig. Så mycket relevant bakgrundsinformation som möjligt efterfrågades för att möjliga förklaringar till de olika bedömningarna skulle kunna undersökas. Svar kom in från åtta länsstyrelser. Utifrån det insamlade materialet jämfördes MAGIC (Model of Acidification of Groundwater in Catchments)-modellerade objekt och MAGIC-bibliotekets resultat med historiska fiskdata, med uppmätt vattenkemi inklusive trender över tid och en jämförelse med uppmätt och modellerat atmosfäriskt nedfall gjordes. I studien jämfördes förekomst av mört från slutet av 1800-talet i Värmland med modellerad vattenkemi. Mört har förekommit i merparten av sjöarna, inklusive sjöar med lågt modellerat pH. Det är dock en tydligt minskande andel sjöar med förekomst av mört ju lägre modellerat pH vattnen har. Detta skiljer sig från till exempel den betydligt mindre försurningskänsliga abborren, där inget samband mellan förekomst och historiskt modellerat pH kunde urskiljas. Sjöar med lågt pH och där mört förekom i slutet av 1800-talet har i genomsnitt högre halt av löst organiskt kol än sjöar med högre pH. En jämförelse mellan uppmätta tidsserier från sjöar sa, The MAGIC library is an acidification assessment tool that allows lakes and watercourses to be assessed with a similar water. In this way, tens of thousands of lakes and watercourses have been assessed. In connection with these assessments, a number of cases have been identified where the calculated reference values have been judged to be unrealistic based on other knowledge that the users of the MAGIC library possess. Administrators at the county administrative boards responsible for liming, were requested to send in documentation on such objects where the acidification assessment with the MAGIC library was considered incorrect. As much relevant background information as possible was requested so that explanations for the different assessments could be investigated. Eight county administrative boards responded to the query. Based on the collected material, MAGIC (Model of Acidification of Groundwater in Catchments) -modeled objects and MAGIC library results were compared with historical fish data, with measured water chemistry including trends over time and a comparison with measured and modeled atmospheric precipitation was made. The study compared the occurrence of roaches from the end of the 19th century in Värmland with modeled water chemistry. Roaches were found in most of the lakes, including lakes with a low modeled pH. However, there is a clearly decreasing proportion of lakes with the occurrence of roaches the lower the modeled pH of the waters. This is in contrast to, for example, the much less acid-sensitive perch where no connection between occurrence and historically modeled pH could be discerned. Lakes with low pH and where roach occurred at the end of the 19th century have on average a higher content of dissolved organic carbon than lakes with higher pH. A comparison between measured time series from lakes and modeled values for the same lake in the MAGIC library shows that the magnitude of the modeled trend in many cases is larger than the observed, 214090
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- 2022
20. Påverkan på luftkvalitet i städer av utsläpp från närliggande jordbruk
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Hellsten, Sofie, Jutterström, Sara, Moldanova, Jana, Hellsten, Sofie, Jutterström, Sara, and Moldanova, Jana
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IVL Svenska Miljöinstitutet har på uppdrag av Naturvårdsverket undersökt hur stor påverkan utsläpp av ammoniak (NH3) från närliggande jordbruk har på stadsluften i Uppsala, med fokus på halterna av små partiklar (PM2.5) samt potential för utsläpps¬minskningar för att förbättra stadsluften från denna påverkan. Denna fråga är viktig att belysa eftersom utsläppen av NH3 från jordbruket inte förväntas minska i samma takt som utsläpp av andra luftföroreningar. Man har kunnat konstatera, i andra regioner, att det inte bara är viktigt att minska på utsläppen av svavel- och kväveoxider utan att även NH3-utsläppen behöver minskas. En jämförelse av skillnader i halterna av små partiklar och deras komponenter visar en ökad effekt av jordbruksemissioner av NH3 på vintern, då bidraget ökar från årsmedelvärden på 2,3 % och 1,2 % för regional bakgrund och centrala staden till 3,3 % och 1,6 % för vintermedelvärdet. Skillnaderna mellan säsongerna beror på ett flertal faktorer som exempelvis hur mycket NO3- och SO42- som finns tillgängligt för att bilda partiklar. På vintern är ammoniakutsläppen lägre och NOx- och SOx-utsläppen är relativt sett högre samtidigt som omblandningen är lägre jämfört med övriga delar av året. Detta gör i sin tur att kvoten mellan ammoniak och HNO3 och SO42- är lägre och en större del av ammoniakutsläppen kommer därför att bilda partikelformig NH4+. Under sommaren är, förutom den högre kvoten mellan NH3 och nitrat och sulfat, även kondensation av nitrat på partiklarna reducerad p.g.a. högre temperaturer vilket begränsar ammoniakens potential att bidra till partiklar ytterligare. Detta innebär att utsläpps¬minskningar av NH3 kan ha större effekt på vintern/hösten med avseende på bildning av sekundära aerosoler än under vår och sommar och kan vara jämförbar med effekten från ytterligare minskningar av SOx- och NOx-utsläpp, även om NH3-utsläppen är högre på våren och sommaren.
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- 2022
21. Swedish National Nitrogen Budget - Atmosphere
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Moldan, Filip, Andersson, Camilla, Leung, Wing, Stadmark, Johanna, Jutterström, Sara, Moldan, Filip, Andersson, Camilla, Leung, Wing, Stadmark, Johanna, and Jutterström, Sara
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I denna rapport presenteras pool 7 ”Atmosfär” (AT) som ingår i Sveriges nationella kvävebudget (National Nitrogen Budget, NNB). Atmosfärspoolen i Sveriges NNB är en av de totalt 8 pooler som definierats av Task Force on Reactive Nitrogen (TFRN) som tillsammans representerar en komplett nationell kvävebudget. En fullständig NNB innefattar en kvantifiering av alla större flöden av alla former av reaktivt kväve (Nr) inom landet och över landsgränserna. Metoden för att beräkna NNB har tillhandahållits av expertpanelen för kvävebudgetar (Expert Panel on Nitrogen Budgets, EPNB) i bilagorna till ECE/EB.AIR/119 – "Guidance document on national nitrogen budgets". De största flödena av Nr till och från de troposfäriska luftmassorna ovanför Sverige, inklusive de svenska nationella kustvattnen, beräknades för år 2015. Förutom en mindre mängd Nr som genereras av blixtar domineras den atmosfäriska Nr-poolen av fyra huvudflöden: import och export av Nr från gränsöverskridande transport; svenska utsläpp av Nr; och atmosfäriskt nedfall. Den huvudsakliga källan till utsläppsdata har varit den officiella svenska rapporteringen till Centre on Emission Inventories and Projections (CEIP) under luftkonventionen (Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution, CLRTAP). För det reaktiva kvävedenedfallet i Sverige användes de officiella nationella beräkningarna från MATCH Sverigesystemet.Resultaten visar att Sverige under 2015 var en nettoimportör av luftföroreningar i form av Nr, det vill säga att importen av Nr från utsläppskällorna utanför landet (139 kt N) var större än exporten (96,1 kt N). De svenska utsläppen av Nr 2015 var totalt 117 kt N. De största utsläppen kommer från två sektorer: Jordbruk (43,4 kt N) och Energi & Bränsle (40,6 kt N). Depositionen av Nr på svenska ekosystem år 2015 var 160 kt N, varav 87 procent härrörde från utsläppskällor utomlands., In this report, pool 7 ‘Atmosphere’ (AT) of the Swedish National Nitrogen Budget (NNB) is presented. The atmospheric pool of NNB is one of the 8 major pools defined by the Task Force of Reactive Nitrogen (TFRN) which together represent a total national nitrogen budget capturing all major flows of all forms of reactive nitrogen (Nr) within a country and across the country borders. The methodology to calculate NNB has been provided by the Expert Panel on Nitrogen Budgets (EPNB) in the Annexes to the ECE/EB.AIR/119 – “Guidance document on national nitrogen budgets". The major flows of Nr to and from the tropospheric air masses above Sweden, including the Swedish national coastal waters, were calculated for the year 2015. Except for the small amount of Nr generated by lightnings, the atmospheric Nr pool is dominated by four main flows: the import and export of Nr by transboundary transport; by Swedish emissions of Nr; and by atmospheric deposition. The principal source of the emission data has been the official Swedish reporting to the Centre on Emission Inventories and Projections (CEIP) under the Air convention (The Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution, CLRTAP). For the reactive nitrogen deposition in Sweden the official national operational estimates by the MATCH Sweden system were used. The results show that in 2015 Sweden was a net importer of air pollution in the form of Nr, i.e. the import of Nr from the emission sources outside the country (139 kt N) was larger than the export (96.1 kt N). The Swedish emissions of Nr in 2015 were in total 117 kt N. The largest emissions come from two sectors: Agriculture (43.4 kt N) and Energy & Fuels (40.6 kt N). The deposition of Nr to Swedish ecosystems in 2015 was 160 kt N, of which 87% originated from emission sources abroad.
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- 2022
22. On the circulation, water mass distribution, and nutrient concentrations of the western Chukchi Sea
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Kinney, Jaclyn Clement, Assmann, Karen M., Maslowski, Wieslaw, Björk, Göran, Jakobsson, Martin, Jutterström, Sara, Lee, Younjoo J., Osinski, Robert, Semiletov, Igor, Ulfsbo, Adam, Wåhlström, Irene, Anderson, Leif G., Kinney, Jaclyn Clement, Assmann, Karen M., Maslowski, Wieslaw, Björk, Göran, Jakobsson, Martin, Jutterström, Sara, Lee, Younjoo J., Osinski, Robert, Semiletov, Igor, Ulfsbo, Adam, Wåhlström, Irene, and Anderson, Leif G.
- Abstract
Substantial amounts of nutrients and carbon enter the Arctic Ocean from the Pacific Ocean through the Bering Strait, distributed over three main pathways. Water with low salinities and nutrient concentrations takes an eastern route along the Alaskan coast, as Alaskan Coastal Water. A central pathway exhibits intermediate salinity and nutrient concentrations, while the most nutrient-rich water enters the Bering Strait on its western side. Towards the Arctic Ocean, the flow of these water masses is subject to strong topographic steering within the Chukchi Sea with volume transport modulated by the wind field. In this contribution, we use data from several sections crossing Herald Canyon collected in 2008 and 2014 together with numerical modelling to investigate the circulation and transport in the western part of the Chukchi Sea. We find that a substantial fraction of water from the Chukchi Sea enters the East Siberian Sea south of Wrangel Island and circulates in an anticyclonic direction around the island. This water then contributes to the high-nutrient waters of Herald Canyon. The bottom of the canyon has the highest nutrient concentrations, likely as a result of addition from the degradation of organic matter at the sediment surface in the East Siberian Sea. The flux of nutrients (nitrate, phosphate, and silicate) and dissolved inorganic carbon in Bering Summer Water and Winter Water is computed by combining hydrographic and nutrient observations with geostrophic transport referenced to lowered acoustic Doppler current profiler (LADCP) and surface drift data. Even if there are some general similarities between the years, there are differences in both the temperature-salinity and nutrient characteristics. To assess these differences, and also to get a wider temporal and spatial view, numerical modelling results are applied. According to model results, high-frequency variability dominates the flow in Herald Canyon. This leads us to conclude that this region needs t
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- 2022
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23. On the circulation, water mass distribution, and nutrient concentrations of the western Chukchi Sea
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Naval Postgraduate School, Kinney, Jaclyn Clement, Assmann, Karen M., Maslowski, Wieslaw, Björk, Göran, Jakobsson, Martin, Jutterström, Sara, Lee, Younjoo J., Osinski, Robert, Semiletov, Igor, Ulfsbo, Adam, Wåhlström, Irene, Anderson, Leif G., Naval Postgraduate School, Kinney, Jaclyn Clement, Assmann, Karen M., Maslowski, Wieslaw, Björk, Göran, Jakobsson, Martin, Jutterström, Sara, Lee, Younjoo J., Osinski, Robert, Semiletov, Igor, Ulfsbo, Adam, Wåhlström, Irene, and Anderson, Leif G.
- Abstract
Substantial amounts of nutrients and carbon enter the Arctic Ocean from the Pacific Ocean through the Bering Strait, distributed over three main pathways. Water with low salinities and nutrient concentrations takes an eastern route along the Alaskan coast, as Alaskan Coastal Water. A central pathway exhibits intermediate salinity and nutrient concentrations, while the most nutrient-rich water enters the Bering Strait on its western side. Towards the Arctic Ocean, the flow of these water masses is subject to strong topographic steering within the Chukchi Sea with volume trans port modulated by the wind field. In this contribution, we use data from several sections crossing Herald Canyon collected in 2008 and 2014 together with numerical modelling to investigate the circulation and transport in the western part of the Chukchi Sea. We find that a substantial fraction of water from the Chukchi Sea enters the East Siberian Sea south of Wrangel Island and circulates in an anticyclonic direction around the island. This water then contributes to the high nutrient waters of Herald Canyon. The bottom of the canyon has the highest nutrient concentrations, likely as a result of addition from the degradation of organic matter at the sediment surface in the East Siberian Sea. The flux of nutrients (nitrate, phosphate, and silicate) and dissolved inorganic carbon in Bering Summer Water and Winter Water is computed by combining hydrographic and nutrient observations with geostrophic transport referenced to lowered acoustic Doppler current profiler (LADCP) and surface drift data. Even if there are some general similarities between the years, there are differences in both the temperature–salinity and nutrient characteristics. To assess these differences, and also to get a wider temporal and spatial view, numerical modelling results are applied. According to model results, high-frequency variability dominates the flow in Herald Canyon. This leads us to conclude that this region needs
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- 2022
24. A multimodel evaluation of the potential impact of shipping on particle species in the Mediterranean Sea.
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Fink, Lea, Karl, Matthias, Matthias, Volker, Oppo, Sonia, Kranenburg, Richard, Kuenen, Jeroen, Jutterström, Sara, Moldanova, Jana, Majamäki, Elisa, and Jalkanen, Jukka-Pekka
- Subjects
AIR quality monitoring stations ,PRECIPITATION (Chemistry) ,EMISSIONS (Air pollution) ,ATMOSPHERIC ammonia ,AIR pollutants ,PARTICULATE matter ,WINTER - Abstract
Shipping contributes significantly to air pollutant emissions and atmospheric particulate matter (PM) concentrations. At the same time worldwide maritime transport volumes are expected to continue to rise in the future. The Mediterranean Sea is a major short-sea shipping route within Europe, as well as the main shipping route between Europe and East Asia. As a result, it is a heavily trafficked shipping area, and air quality monitoring stations in numerous cities along the Mediterranean coast have detected high levels of air pollutants originating from shipping emissions. The current study is a part of the EU Horizon 2020 project SCIPPER (Shipping contribution to Inland Pollution - Push for the Enforcement of Regulations) which intends to investigate how existing restrictions on shipping-related emissions to the atmosphere ensure compliance with legislation. To demonstrate the impact of ships on relatively large scales, the potential shipping impacts on various air pollutants can be simulated with chemistry transport models. To determine formation, transport, chemical transformation and fate of PM
2.5 in the Mediterranean Sea in 2015, five different regional chemistry transport models (CAMx – Comprehensive Air Quality Model with Extensions, CHIMERE, CMAQ – Community Multiscale Air Quality model, EMEP – European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme model, LOTOS-EUROS) were applied. Furthermore, PM2.5 precursors (NH3 , SO2 , HNO3 ) and inorganic particle species (SO4 2− , NH4 + , NO3 − ) were studied, as they are important for explaining differences among the models. STEAM version 3.3.0 was used to compute shipping emissions, and the CAMS-REG v2.2.1 dataset was used to calculate land-based emissions for an area encompassing the Mediterranean Sea at a resolution of 12 × 12 km2 (or 0.1° × 0.1°). For additional input, like meteorological fields and boundary conditions, all models utilized their regular configuration. The zero-out approach was used to quantify the potential impact of ship emissions on PM2.5 concentrations. The model results were compared to observed background data from monitoring sites. Four of the five models underestimated the actual measured PM2.5 concentrations. These underestimations are linked to model-specific mechanisms or underpredictions of particle precursors. The potential impact of ships on the PM2.5 concentration is between 15 % and 25 % at the main shipping routes. Regarding particle species, SO4 2− is main contributor to the absolute ship-related PM2.5 and also to total PM2.5 concentrations. In the ship-related PM2.5 , a higher share of inorganic particle species can be found when compared to the total PM2.5 . The seasonal variabilities in particle species show that NO3 − is higher in winter and spring, while the NH4 + concentrations displayed no clear seasonal pattern in any models. In most cases with high concentrations of both NH4 + and NO3 − , lower SO4 2− concentrations are simulated. Differences among the simulated particle species distributions might be traced back to the aerosol size distribution and how models distribute among the coarse and fine mode (PM2.5 and PM10 ). The seasonality of wet deposition follows the seasonality of the precipitation, displaying that precipitation predominates the wet deposition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2023
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25. Air–sea exchange of volatile mercury in the North Atlantic Ocean
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Andersson, Maria E., Sommar, Jonas, Gårdfeldt, Katarina, and Jutterström, Sara
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- 2011
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26. On the circulation, water mass distribution, and nutrient concentrations of the western Chukchi Sea
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Clement Kinney, Jaclyn, primary, Assmann, Karen M., additional, Maslowski, Wieslaw, additional, Björk, Göran, additional, Jakobsson, Martin, additional, Jutterström, Sara, additional, Lee, Younjoo J., additional, Osinski, Robert, additional, Semiletov, Igor, additional, Ulfsbo, Adam, additional, Wåhlström, Irene, additional, and Anderson, Leif G., additional
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- 2022
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27. Flow of Canadian basin deep water in the Western Eurasian Basin of the Arctic Ocean
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Björk, Göran, Anderson, Leif G., Jakobsson, Martin, Antony, Dennis, Eriksson, Björn, Eriksson, Patrick B., Hell, Benjamin, Hjalmarsson, Sofia, Janzen, Timothy, Jutterström, Sara, Linders, Johanna, Löwemark, Ludvig, Marcussen, Christian, Anders Olsson, K., Rudels, Bert, Sellén, Emma, and Sølvsten, Morten
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- 2010
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28. Uptake of CO 2 by the Arctic Ocean in a changing climate
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Jutterström, Sara and Anderson, Leif G.
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- 2010
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29. An updated version of the global interior ocean biogeochemical data product, GLODAPv2.2021
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Lauvset, Siv K., primary, Lange, Nico, additional, Tanhua, Toste, additional, Bittig, Henry C., additional, Olsen, Are, additional, Kozyr, Alex, additional, Álvarez, Marta, additional, Becker, Susan, additional, Brown, Peter J., additional, Carter, Brendan R., additional, Cotrim da Cunha, Leticia, additional, Feely, Richard A., additional, van Heuven, Steven, additional, Hoppema, Mario, additional, Ishii, Masao, additional, Jeansson, Emil, additional, Jutterström, Sara, additional, Jones, Steve D., additional, Karlsen, Maren K., additional, Lo Monaco, Claire, additional, Michaelis, Patrick, additional, Murata, Akihiko, additional, Pérez, Fiz F., additional, Pfeil, Benjamin, additional, Schirnick, Carsten, additional, Steinfeldt, Reiner, additional, Suzuki, Toru, additional, Tilbrook, Bronte, additional, Velo, Anton, additional, Wanninkhof, Rik, additional, Woosley, Ryan J., additional, and Key, Robert M., additional
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- 2021
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30. The impact of nitrogen and sulfur emissions from shipping on the exceedance of critical loads in the Baltic Sea region
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Jutterström, Sara, primary, Moldan, Filip, additional, Moldanová, Jana, additional, Karl, Matthias, additional, Matthias, Volker, additional, and Posch, Maximilian, additional
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- 2021
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31. Supplementary material to "An updated version of the global interior ocean biogeochemical data product, GLODAPv2.2021"
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Lauvset, Siv K., primary, Lange, Nico, additional, Tanhua, Toste, additional, Bittig, Henry C., additional, Olsen, Are, additional, Kozyr, Alex, additional, Álvarez, Marta, additional, Becker, Susan, additional, Brown, Peter J., additional, Carter, Brendan R., additional, Cotrim da Cunha, Leticia, additional, Feely, Richard A., additional, van Heuven, Steven, additional, Hoppema, Mario, additional, Ishii, Masao, additional, Jeansson, Emil, additional, Jutterström, Sara, additional, Jones, Steve D., additional, Karlsen, Maren K., additional, Lo Monaco, Claire, additional, Michaelis, Patrick, additional, Murata, Akihiko, additional, Pérez, Fiz F., additional, Pfeil, Benjamin, additional, Schirnick, Carsten, additional, Steinfeldt, Reiner, additional, Suzuki, Toru, additional, Tilbrook, Bronte, additional, Velo, Anton, additional, Wanninkhof, Rik, additional, Woosley, Ryan J., additional, and Key, Robert M., additional
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- 2021
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32. An updated version of the global interior ocean biogeochemical data product, GLODAPv2.2021
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Lauvset, Siv K., Lange, Nico, Tanhua, Toste, Bittig, Henry C., Olsen, Are, Kozyr, Alex, Álvarez, Marta, Becker, Susan, Brown, Peter J., Carter, Brendan R., Cotrim da Cunha, Leticia, Feely, Richard A., van Heuven, Steven, Hoppema, Mario, Ishii, Masao, Jeansson, Emil, Jutterström, Sara, Jones, Steve D., Karlsen, Maren K., Lo Monaco, Claire, Michaelis, Patrick, Murata, Akihiko, Pérez, Fiz F., Pfeil, Benjamin, Schirnick, Carsten, Steinfeldt, Reiner, Suzuki, Toru, Tilbrook, Bronte, Velo, Anton, Wanninkhof, Rik, Woosley, Ryan J., Key, Robert M., Lauvset, Siv K., Lange, Nico, Tanhua, Toste, Bittig, Henry C., Olsen, Are, Kozyr, Alex, Álvarez, Marta, Becker, Susan, Brown, Peter J., Carter, Brendan R., Cotrim da Cunha, Leticia, Feely, Richard A., van Heuven, Steven, Hoppema, Mario, Ishii, Masao, Jeansson, Emil, Jutterström, Sara, Jones, Steve D., Karlsen, Maren K., Lo Monaco, Claire, Michaelis, Patrick, Murata, Akihiko, Pérez, Fiz F., Pfeil, Benjamin, Schirnick, Carsten, Steinfeldt, Reiner, Suzuki, Toru, Tilbrook, Bronte, Velo, Anton, Wanninkhof, Rik, Woosley, Ryan J., and Key, Robert M.
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- 2021
33. Policy brief: Nitrogen budgets and the link to carbon sequestration in the Nordic forests
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Moldan, Filip, Jutterström, Sara, Stadmark, Johanna, Akujärvi, Anu, Forsius, Martin, Holmberg, Maria, Austnes, Kari, de Wit, Heleen, Bak, Jesper, Moldan, Filip, Jutterström, Sara, Stadmark, Johanna, Akujärvi, Anu, Forsius, Martin, Holmberg, Maria, Austnes, Kari, de Wit, Heleen, and Bak, Jesper
- Abstract
We have quantified annual changes of N stocks in forests in Sweden, Finland, Norway and in Denmark in two independent ways. First, we quantified major inflows (atmospheric deposition and biological N fixation) and outflows (leaching of N to runoff and tree harvest). The N outflows were between 70% and 130% of the N inflows, not indicating major loss or build-up of organic matter in any of the four countries. Then we calculated N stock change in forests based on annual C stock changes reported to UNFCCC and known C/N ratios. All four countries report annual increase of forest C stocks. The sources of N to make the C stock increase possible have not been identified in the N budgets based on inflows and outflows. The discrepancy between forest N and C budgets raises the question of the consistency between reported N and C flows and stock changes.
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- 2021
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34. Anthropogenic carbon in the East Greenland Current
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Jutterström, Sara and Jeansson, Emil
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- 2008
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35. Evaluation of anthropogenic carbon in the Nordic Seas using observed relationships of N, P and C versus CFCs
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Jutterström, Sara, Jeansson, Emil, Anderson, Leif G., Bellerby, Richard, Jones, E. Peter, Smethie, William M., Jr., and Swift, James H.
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- 2008
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36. Sources to the East Greenland Current and its contribution to the Denmark Strait Overflow
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Jeansson, Emil, Jutterström, Sara, Rudels, Bert, Anderson, Leif G., Anders Olsson, K., Jones, E. Peter, Smethie, William M., Jr., and Swift, James H.
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- 2008
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37. The impact of nitrogen and sulphur emissions from shipping on exceedances of critical loads in the Baltic Sea region
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Jutterström, Sara, primary, Moldan, Filip, additional, Moldanová, Jana, additional, Karl, Matthias, additional, Matthias, Volker, additional, and Posch, Maximilian, additional
- Published
- 2021
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- View/download PDF
38. On the circulation, water mass distribution, and nutrient concentrations of the western Chukchi Sea
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Clement Kinney, Jaclyn, primary, Assmann, Karen M., additional, Maslowski, Wieslaw, additional, Björk, Göran, additional, Jakobsson, Martin, additional, Jutterström, Sara, additional, Lee, Younjoo J., additional, Osinski, Robert, additional, Semiletov, Igor, additional, Ulfsbo, Adam, additional, Wåhlström, Irene, additional, and Anderson, Leif G., additional
- Published
- 2021
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39. Supplementary material to "On the circulation, water mass distribution, and nutrient concentrations of the western Chukchi Sea"
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Clement Kinney, Jaclyn, primary, Assmann, Karen M., additional, Maslowski, Wieslaw, additional, Björk, Göran, additional, Jakobsson, Martin, additional, Jutterström, Sara, additional, Lee, Younjoo J., additional, Osinski, Robert, additional, Semiletov, Igor, additional, Ulfsbo, Adam, additional, Wåhlström, Irene, additional, and Anderson, Leif G., additional
- Published
- 2021
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40. Swedish National Nitrogen Budget – Forest and semi-natural vegetation
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Jutterström, Sara, Stadmark, Johanna, and Moldan, Filip
- Abstract
This report describes the flow of reactive nitrogen for forests and semi-natural vegetation in Sweden according to the methodology developed within the framework of the Task Force on Reactive Nitrogen (TFRN). Forest and semi-natural vegetation (FS) constitute one out of 8 pools for the Swedish National Nitrogen Budget. The FS pool is divided into the three compartments; forest, wetland and other land. Together they amount to 71% of the country area. The data used has been collected from Swedish official statistics and reports and are representative for year 2015 whenever possible. In total, the FS pool has inflows of reactive nitrogen of 175.8 kilotonnes (kt) and outflows of 188.6 kt. The largest inflow is from atmospheric deposition (99.3 kt) and the largest outflow is via leaching/runoff (67.4 kt). Forestry is a major industry in Sweden and the nitrogen flow from the forest due to harvest is the second largest outflow from the FS-pool (58.5 kt). Biological fixation of nitrogen is an important inflow for both forest (39.5 kt) and wetland (32.1 kt). Other land (which mostly consists of mountains) is of smaller quantitative importance and only has two flows: leaching/runoff and deposition (2.9 kt N and 2.9 kt N, respectively). Denna rapport beskriver flödet av reaktivt kväve för skog och seminaturlig vegetation i Sverige för år 2015 enligt en metodik som tagits fram inom ramen för Task Force on Reactive Nitrogen (TFRN). Skog och seminaturlig vegetation utgör en av totalt 8 delar av en nationell kvävebudget för Sverige. De största inflödena av reaktivt kväve var atmosfärisk deposition och kvävefixering. De största utflödena utgjordes av läckage och avrinning från mark samt denitrifikation. Denna rapport finns endast på engelska.
- Published
- 2020
41. Swedish National Nitrogen Budget – Hydrosphere
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Stadmark, Johanna, Jutterström, Sara, and Moldan, Filip
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Nitrogen budget ,hyrosphere ,reactive nitrogen - Abstract
Excessive amounts of reactive nitrogen (Nr) in the hydrosphere can impair water quality and alter the functioning of aquatic ecosystems. Monitoring of water bodies and awareness of the existing flows of nitrogen from different sectors in society can support policy making. In this report we quantified the major flows of Nr in the Hydrosphere pool of the Swedish National Nitrogen Budget, according to the methodology provided by the Task Force on Reactive Nitrogen. Calculations were done for one full year using data mainly from 2014 but also from 2015. In 2014/2015, the largest inflows of Nr to the Swedish hydrosphere were leaching from agriculture (53 kilotonnes, kt), from forests (48 kt), atmospheric deposition (33 kt), leaching from wetlands and other land (20 kt) and municipal wastewater treatment plants (17 kt). In addition, there were minor contributions from industrial wastewaters, small dwellings and from stormwater runoff. The major outflows were transport from the coastal waters to the open sea and marine denitrification (together 127 kt) and denitrification from freshwaters (34 kt) N. In addition, there were quantitatively less important Nr losses through fishing, N2O emissions and water abstraction. Data come from Svenska MiljöEmissionsData, Statistics Sweden, Nationellt vattentäktsarkiv and SMHI. Denna rapport beskriver flödet av reaktivt kväve i hydrosfären i Sverige under 2014/2015 enligt metodik som tagits fram inom ramen för Task Force for Reactive Nitrogen. De största inflödena till hydrosfären var läckage från jordbruksmark, skogsmark och våtmark och annan mark samt utsläpp från avloppsreningsverk. De största utflödena utgjordes av transport av kustvatten till omgivande hav och denitrifikation i kustzonen och i sötvatten. Denna rapport finns endast på engelska.
- Published
- 2020
42. An updated version of the global interior ocean biogeochemical data product, GLODAPv2.2020
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Olsen, Are, Lange, Nico, Key, Robert M., Tanhua, Toste, Bittig, Henry C., Kozyr, Alex, Álvarez, Marta, Azetsu-scott, Kumiko, Becker, Susan, Brown, Peter J., Carter, Brendan R., Cotrim Da Cunha, Leticia, Feely, Richard A., Van Heuven, Steven, Hoppema, Mario, Ishii, Masao, Jeansson, Emil, Jutterström, Sara, Landa, Camilla S., Lauvset, Siv K., Michaelis, Patrick, Murata, Akihiko, Pérez, Fiz F, Pfeil, Benjamin, Schirnick, Carsten, Steinfeldt, Reiner, Suzuki, Toru, Tilbrook, Bronte, Velo, Anton, Wanninkhof, Rik, Woosley, Ryan J., Olsen, Are, Lange, Nico, Key, Robert M., Tanhua, Toste, Bittig, Henry C., Kozyr, Alex, Álvarez, Marta, Azetsu-scott, Kumiko, Becker, Susan, Brown, Peter J., Carter, Brendan R., Cotrim Da Cunha, Leticia, Feely, Richard A., Van Heuven, Steven, Hoppema, Mario, Ishii, Masao, Jeansson, Emil, Jutterström, Sara, Landa, Camilla S., Lauvset, Siv K., Michaelis, Patrick, Murata, Akihiko, Pérez, Fiz F, Pfeil, Benjamin, Schirnick, Carsten, Steinfeldt, Reiner, Suzuki, Toru, Tilbrook, Bronte, Velo, Anton, Wanninkhof, Rik, and Woosley, Ryan J.
- Abstract
The Global Ocean Data Analysis Project (GLODAP) is a synthesis effort providing regular compilations of surface-to-bottom ocean biogeochemical data, with an emphasis on seawater inorganic carbon chemistry and related variables determined through chemical analysis of seawater samples. GLODAPv2.2020 is an update of the previous version, GLODAPv2.2019. The major changes are data from 106 new cruises added, extension of time coverage to 2019, and the inclusion of available (also for historical cruises) discrete fugacity of CO2 (fCO2) values in the merged product files. GLODAPv2.2020 now includes measurements from more than 1.2 million water samples from the global oceans collected on 946 cruises. The data for the 12 GLODAP core variables (salinity, oxygen, nitrate, silicate, phosphate, dissolved inorganic carbon, total alkalinity, pH, CFC-11, CFC-12, CFC-113, and CCl4) have undergone extensive quality control with a focus on systematic evaluation of bias. The data are available in two formats: (i) as submitted by the data originator but updated to WOCE exchange format and (ii) as a merged data product with adjustments applied to minimize bias. These adjustments were derived by comparing the data from the 106 new cruises with the data from the 840 quality-controlled cruises of the GLODAPv2.2019 data product using crossover analysis. Comparisons to empirical algorithm estimates provided additional context for adjustment decisions; this is new to this version. The adjustments are intended to remove potential biases from errors related to measurement, calibration, and data-handling practices without removing known or likely time trends or variations in the variables evaluated. The compiled and adjusted data product is believed to be consistent to better than 0.005 in salinity, 1 % in oxygen, 2 % in nitrate, 2 % in silicate, 2 % in phosphate, 4 µmol kg−1 in dissolved inorganic carbon, 4 µmol kg−1 in total alkalinity, 0.01–0.02 in pH (depending on region), and 5 % in the halo
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- 2020
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43. An updated version of the global interior ocean biogeochemical data product, GLODAPv2.2020
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Olsen, Are, primary, Lange, Nico, additional, Key, Robert M., additional, Tanhua, Toste, additional, Bittig, Henry C., additional, Kozyr, Alex, additional, Álvarez, Marta, additional, Azetsu-Scott, Kumiko, additional, Becker, Susan, additional, Brown, Peter J., additional, Carter, Brendan R., additional, Cotrim da Cunha, Leticia, additional, Feely, Richard A., additional, van Heuven, Steven, additional, Hoppema, Mario, additional, Ishii, Masao, additional, Jeansson, Emil, additional, Jutterström, Sara, additional, Landa, Camilla S., additional, Lauvset, Siv K., additional, Michaelis, Patrick, additional, Murata, Akihiko, additional, Pérez, Fiz F., additional, Pfeil, Benjamin, additional, Schirnick, Carsten, additional, Steinfeldt, Reiner, additional, Suzuki, Toru, additional, Tilbrook, Bronte, additional, Velo, Anton, additional, Wanninkhof, Rik, additional, and Woosley, Ryan J., additional
- Published
- 2020
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44. Supplementary material to "GLODAPv2.2020 – the second update of GLODAPv2"
- Author
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Olsen, Are, primary, Lange, Nico, additional, Key, Robert M., additional, Tanhua, Toste, additional, Bittig, Henry C., additional, Kozyr, Alex, additional, Àlvarez, Marta, additional, Azetsu-Scott, Kumiko, additional, Becker, Susan, additional, Brown, Peter J., additional, Carter, Brendan R., additional, Cotrim da Cunha, Leticia, additional, Feely, Richard A., additional, van Heuven, Steven, additional, Hoppema, Mario, additional, Ishii, Masao, additional, Jeansson, Emil, additional, Jutterström, Sara, additional, Landa, Camilla S., additional, Lauvset, Siv K., additional, Michaelis, Patrick, additional, Murata, Akihiko, additional, Pérez, Fiz F., additional, Pfeil, Benjamin, additional, Schirnick, Carsten, additional, Steinfeldt, Reiner, additional, Suzuki, Toru, additional, Tilbrook, Bronte, additional, Velo, Anton, additional, Wanninkhof, Rik, additional, and Woosley, Ryan J., additional
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. GLODAPv2.2020 – the second update of GLODAPv2
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Olsen, Are, primary, Lange, Nico, additional, Key, Robert M., additional, Tanhua, Toste, additional, Bittig, Henry C., additional, Kozyr, Alex, additional, Àlvarez, Marta, additional, Azetsu-Scott, Kumiko, additional, Becker, Susan, additional, Brown, Peter J., additional, Carter, Brendan R., additional, Cotrim da Cunha, Leticia, additional, Feely, Richard A., additional, van Heuven, Steven, additional, Hoppema, Mario, additional, Ishii, Masao, additional, Jeansson, Emil, additional, Jutterström, Sara, additional, Landa, Camilla S., additional, Lauvset, Siv K., additional, Michaelis, Patrick, additional, Murata, Akihiko, additional, Pérez, Fiz F., additional, Pfeil, Benjamin, additional, Schirnick, Carsten, additional, Steinfeldt, Reiner, additional, Suzuki, Toru, additional, Tilbrook, Bronte, additional, Velo, Anton, additional, Wanninkhof, Rik, additional, and Woosley, Ryan J., additional
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Shelf–Basin interaction along the East Siberian Sea
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Anderson, Leif G., Björk, Göran, Holby, Ola, Jutterström, Sara, Mörth, Carl Magnus, O'Regan, Matt, Pearce, Christof, Semiletov, Igor, Stranne, Christian, Stöven, Tim, Tanhua, Toste, Ulfsbo, Adam, and Jakobsson, Martin
- Subjects
lcsh:GE1-350 ,lcsh:G ,lcsh:Geography. Anthropology. Recreation ,lcsh:Environmental sciences - Abstract
Extensive biogeochemical transformation of organic matter takes place in the shallow continental shelf seas of Siberia. This, in combination with brine production from sea-ice formation, results in cold bottom waters with relatively high salinity and nutrient concentrations, as well as low oxygen and pH levels. Data from the SWERUS-C3 expedition with icebreaker Oden, from July to September 2014, show the distribution of such nutrient-rich, cold bottom waters along the continental margin from about 140 to 180° E. The water with maximum nutrient concentration, classically named the upper halocline, is absent over the Lomonosov Ridge at 140° E, while it appears in the Makarov Basin at 150° E and intensifies further eastwards. At the intercept between the Mendeleev Ridge and the East Siberian continental shelf slope, the nutrient maximum is still intense, but distributed across a larger depth interval. The nutrient-rich water is found here at salinities of up to ∼ 34.5, i.e. in the water classically named lower halocline. East of 170° E transient tracers show significantly less ventilated waters below about 150 m water depth. This likely results from a local isolation of waters over the Chukchi Abyssal Plain as the boundary current from the west is steered away from this area by the bathymetry of the Mendeleev Ridge. The water with salinities of ∼ 34.5 has high nutrients and low oxygen concentrations as well as low pH, typically indicating decay of organic matter. A deficit in nitrate relative to phosphate suggests that this process partly occurs under hypoxia. We conclude that the high nutrient water with salinity ∼ 34.5 are formed on the shelf slope in the Mendeleev Ridge region from interior basin water that is trapped for enough time to attain its signature through interaction with the sediment.
- Published
- 2017
47. The saturation of calcite and aragonite in the Arctic Ocean
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Jutterström, Sara and Anderson, Leif G.
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- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Nitrogen budget - Agriculture Sweden
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Stadmark, Johanna, Moldan, Filip, and Jutterström, Sara
- Abstract
To better understand the magnitude of reactive nitrogen flows in a country, a national nitrogen budget can be constructed. In this report, we use a methodology developed by the Expert Panel on Nitrogen Budgets (EPNB) under the Task Force for Reactive Nitrogen (TFRN) and describe the flows of nitrogen in agriculture in Sweden in 2015. The primary source of data presented in this report are data reported to Eurostat and UNFCCC regarding gross nutrient balance and greenhouse gases. The flows of nitrogen not covered by Eurostat and UNFCCC originate from for example the national compilations of content of feed products and slaughtering weight of animals for consumption. The largest inputs of nitrogen to agriculture are in the form of supply of inorganic fertilizer to soil (190 kT) and feed to animals (59 kT). The largest outputs of nitrogen are in the form of products for consumers (eg crops, meat, milk, eggs) (171 kT) and emissions to the hydrosphere and atmosphere (93 kT). In total, the inputs were 15 percent larger than the outputs, which is well within the differences found in other countries. The difference may be due to uncertainties in the collected data or that further flows may occur. Such flows should be identified and investigated in the future. The difference may also indicate that the pool of nitrogen in agriculture is not in balance, i.e. nitrogen is stored in the soil. Denna rapport beskriver flödet av reaktivt kväve inom jordbruksområdet i Sverige år 2015. Rapporten följer en metodik som tagits fram inom ramen för Task Force for Reactive Nitrogen. De största inflödena av kväve till jordbruket är i form av tillförsel av oorganiskt gödningsmedel till mark (190 kT) och foder till djur (59 kT). De största utflödena av kväve är i form av produkter till konsumenter (t.ex. grödor, kött, mjölk, ägg) (171 kT) och emissioner till hydrosfär och atmosfär (93 kT). Den här rapporten finns endast på engelska.
- Published
- 2019
49. Improving cabin air quality in road vehicles - Vägar till förbättrad luftkvalitet i fordon
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Moldanova, Jana, Parsmo, Rasmus, Langer, Sarka, Salberg, Håkan, Jutterström, Sara, and Rydström, Anne-Marie
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air cleaning ,real-drive testing methodology ,Air pollution in vehicle - Abstract
The most important parameters that influence the air quality in vehicles are the choice of cabin air filter and the air quality outside the vehicle. Real-life driving test methods for measurement in traffic environments developed in AQIFOR project showed repeatable differences between the reduction efficiency of the various cabin air filters in the car ventilation systems. Additional parameters that affected the reduction efficiency for air pollutants in the vehicle were ventilation speed and degree of air recirculation in the ventilation. Different air pollutants are affected differently. All filters tested purified air from particles; the reduction efficiency for PM2.5 was from 40% to over 80% for different filters, particles in the size range 10 - 600 nm were more difficult to clean than larger particles. Filters containing active carbon also purified the air from NO2; reduction efficiency showed similar pattern to reduction efficiency for particles. Sampling for VOC and PAH showed that volatiles are not purified by filters, but the less volatile species are effectively reduced. The project also investigated occupational exposure of professional drivers to air pollution in both passenger cars and trucks. The results showed that the drivers' exposure to benzo (a) pyrene, 1,3-butadiene and benzene was low, well below the working environment limit values. The most important parameters that influence the air quality in vehicles are the choice of cabin air filter and the air quality outside the vehicle, ventilation speed and degree of air recirculation are additional parameters that affect. Real-life-driving based test methods for measurement in traffic environments developed in AQIFOR showed repeatable differences between the reduction efficiency of the various air filters of the ventilation systems. All purified air from particles, filters containing activated carbon also removed NO2. Sampling for VOC and PAH showed that volatiles are not purified by filters while the less volatile species are effectively reduced.
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- 2019
50. Roadside assessment of a modern city bus fleet: Gaseous and particle emissions
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Liu, Qianyun ENVR, Hallquist, Åsa M., Fallgren, Henrik, Jerksjö, Martin, Jutterström, Sara E.A.K., Salberg,Håkan, Hallquist, Mattias, Le Breton, Michael, Pei, Xiangyu, Pathak, Ravi Kant, Liu, Tengyu, Lee, Berto Paul, Chan, C. Chak, Liu, Qianyun ENVR, Hallquist, Åsa M., Fallgren, Henrik, Jerksjö, Martin, Jutterström, Sara E.A.K., Salberg,Håkan, Hallquist, Mattias, Le Breton, Michael, Pei, Xiangyu, Pathak, Ravi Kant, Liu, Tengyu, Lee, Berto Paul, and Chan, C. Chak
- Abstract
In many cities worldwide, modern fleets have been introduced to reduce gaseous and particle emissions from city buses. To date, most emission studies are limited to a few vehicles, making a statistically significant assessment of control options difficult, especially under real-world driving conditions. Exhaust emissions of 234 individual city buses were measured under real-world stop-and-go traffic conditions at a bus stop in Gothenburg, Sweden. The buses comprised models fulfilling Euro III-VI and EEV (Enhanced Environmentally Friendly Vehicle) standards with different engine technologies, fuels, and exhaust after-treatment systems, and also included hybrid-electric buses (HEV). Both gaseous (NOx, CO, HC, and SO2) and size-resolved particle number (PN) and mass (PM) emission factors (EF) were calculated for vehicles using compressed natural gas (CNG), diesel (DSL), Rapeseed Methyl Ester (RME) and Hydro-treated Vegetable Oil (HVO) equipped with various after-treatment technologies, e.g., diesel particulate filter (DPF), selective catalytic reduction (SCR) and exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) systems. The highest median EFPN was obtained from Euro VHEV-HVO-SCR buses (MdEFPN = 18×1014 # kg-1) when their combustion engines were used though 53% of their accelerations were below detection limits indicating the use of their electrical engine. The highest MdEFPM was obtained from the Euro V-DSL-SCR buses (MdEFPM = 150 mg kg-1) and the lowest from EEV-CNG buses (below detection threshold) and Euro VIHEV-HVO- SCR+EGR+DPF buses (MdEFPM = 19 mg kg-1). The highest MdEFNOx was obtained from the Euro V-RME-SCR (MdEFNOx = 30 g kg-1) and Euro VHEV-HVO-SCR buses (MdEFNOx = 24 g kg-1), and the lowest from CNG buses (MdEFNOx = 4.8 g kg-1) and Euro VIHEV-HVO-SCR+EGR+DPF buses (MdEFNOx = 7.4 g kg-1). Hybrid buses can give higher PN emissions compared to traditional diesel engines, likely due to downsized combustion engines. Replacing diesel by biodiesel fuel reduced MdEFPM significantly
- Published
- 2019
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