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1. Analysis of commissioning data from SST-1M : A Prototype of Single-Mirror Small Size Telescope

Author

Tavernier, Thomas, Jurysek, Jakub, Novotný, Vladimir, Heller, Matthieu, Mandat, Dusan, Pech, Miroslav, Araudo, A., Alispach, C. M., Beshley, V., Blazek, J., Borkowski, J., Boula, S., Bulik, T., Cadoux, F., Casanova, S., Christov, A., Chytka, L., Favre, Y., Gieras, T., Hamal, P., Hrabovsky, M., Jelinek, M., Karas, V., Gibaud, L., Lyard, É., Mach, E., Michal, S., Michalowksi, J., Moderski, R., Montaruli, T., Muthyala, S. R., Muraczewski, A., Nalewajski, K., Nagai, A., Neise, D., Niemiec, J., Nikolajuk, M., Palatka, M., Prouza, M., Rajda, P., Schovanek, P., Seweryn, K., Sliusar, V., Stawarz, L., Strobl, J., Swierk, P., Świerblewski, J., Travnicek, P., Ostrowski, M., Vicha, J., Della Volpe, D., Walter, R., Marek, W., Zagdański, A., and Ziȩtara, K.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

SST-1M is a prototype of a single-mirror Small Size Telescope developed by a consortium of institutes from Poland, Switzerland and the Czech Republic. With a wide field of view of 9 degrees, SST-1Ms are designed to detect gamma-rays in the energy range between 1 and 300 TeV. The design of the SST-1M follows the Davies-Cotton concept, with a 9.42m2 multi-segment mirror. SST-1M is equipped with DigiCam camera, which features a fully digital readout and trigger system using 250 MHz ADC, and a compact Photo-Detector Plane (PDP) composed of 1296 pixels, each made of a hexagonal light guide coupled to silicone photomultipliers (SiPM). Two SST-1M telescopes are currently being commissioned at the Ondrejov Observatory in the Czech Republic, where they are successfully observing Cerenkov events in stereo. This contribution will present an overview of calibration strategies and performance evaluation based on data collected at the observatory., Comment: Volume 444 - 38th International Cosmic Ray Conference (ICRC2023)

Published
2024
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2. Chasing Gravitational Waves with the Cherenkov Telescope Array

Author

Green, Jarred Gershon, Carosi, Alessandro, Nava, Lara, Patricelli, Barbara, Schüssler, Fabian, Seglar-Arroyo, Monica, Consortium, Cta, Abe, Kazuki, Abe, Shotaro, Acharyya, Atreya, Adam, Remi, Aguasca-Cabot, Arnau, Agudo, Ivan, Alfaro, Jorge, Alvarez-Crespo, Nuria, Batista, Rafael Alves, Amans, Jean-Philippe, Amato, Elena, Ambrosino, Filippo, Angüner, Ekrem Oguzhan, Antonelli, Lucio Angelo, Aramo, Carla, Arcaro, Cornelia, Arrabito, Luisa, Asano, Katsuaki, Aschersleben, Jann, Ashkar, Halim, Stuani, Luiz Augusto, Baack, Dominik, Backes, Michael, Balazs, Csaba, Balbo, Matteo, Larriva, Andres Baquero, Martins, Victor Barbosa, de Almeida, Ulisses Barres, Barrio, Juan Abel, Bastieri, Denis, Batista, Pedro Ivo, Batković, Ivana, Batzofin, Rowan William, Baxter, Joshua Ryo, Beck, Geoffrey, Tjus, Julia Becker, Beiske, Lukas, Belardinelli, Daniele, Benbow, Wystan, Bernardini, Elisa, Medrano, Juan Bernete, Bernlöhr, Konrad, Berti, Alessio, Beshley, Vasyl, Bhattacharjee, Pooja, Bhattacharyya, Saptashwa, Bi, Baiyang, Biederbeck, Noah, Biland, Adrian, Bissaldi, Elisabetta, Blanch, Oscar, Blazek, Jiri, Boisson, Catherine, Bolmont, Julien, Bonnoli, Giacomo, Bordas, Pol, Bošnjak, Željka, Bradascio, Federica, Braiding, Catherine, Bronzini, Ettore, Brose, Robert, Brown, Anthony M., Brun, Francois, Brunelli, Giulia, Bulgarelli, Andrea, Burelli, Irene, Burmistrov, Leonid, Burton, Michael, Bylund, Tomas, Calisse, Paolo Gherardo, Campoy-Ordaz, Anna, Cantlay, Brandon Khan, Capalbi, Milvia, Caproni, Anderson, Capuzzo-Dolcetta, Roberto, Carlile, Colin, Caroff, Sami, Carosi, Roberto, Carrasco, Marie-Sophie, Cascone, Enrico, Cassol, Franca, Castrejon, Noelia, Catalani, Fernando, Cerasole, Davide, Cerruti, Matteo, Chaty, Sylvain, Chen, Andrew W, Chernyakova, Maria, Chiavassa, Andrea, Chudoba, Jiří, Araujo, Carlos Henrique Coimbra, Conforti, Vito, Conte, Francesco, Contreras, Jose Luis, Cossou, Christophe, Costa, Alessandro, Costantini, Heide, Cristofari, Pierre, Cuevas, Omar, Curtis-Ginsberg, Zachary, D'Amico, Giacomo, D'Ammando, Filippo, Dadina, Mauro, Dalchenko, Mykhailo, David, Ludovic, Davids, Isak Delberth, Dazzi, Francesco, De Angelis, Alessandro, de Lavergne, Mathieu de Bony, De Caprio, Vincenzo, De Cesare, Giovanni, Pino, Elisabete M. de Gouveia Dal, De Lotto, Barbara, de Lucia, Mario, de Menezes, Raniere, de Naurois, Mathieu, Wilhelmi, Emma de Oña, De Simone, Nicola, de Souza, Vitor, Del Peral, Luis, del Valle, Maria Victoria, Delagnes, Eric, Giler, Andres Gabriel Delgado, Delgado, Carlos, Dell'aiera, Michael, Della Ceca, Roberto, Della Valle, Massimo, Della Volpe, Domenico, Depaoli, Davide, Dettlaff, Antonios, Di Girolamo, Tristano, Di Piano, Ambra, Di Pierro, Federico, Di Tria, Riccardo, Di Venere, Leonardo, Díaz-Bahamondes, Christian, Dib, Claudio, Diebold, Sebastian, Dima, Razvan, Dinesh, Adithiya, Djannati-Ataï, Arache, Djuvsland, Julia Isabel, Dominguez, Alberto, Dominik, Rune Michael, Donini, Alice, Dorner, Daniela, Dörner, Julien, Doro, Michele, Anjos, Rita de Cassia dos, Dournaux, Jean-Laurent, Dravins, Dainis, Duangchan, Chaimongkol, Dubos, Coline, Ducci, Lozenzo, Dwarkadas, Vikram V., Ebr, Jan, Eckner, Christopher, Egberts, Kathrin, Einecke, Sabrina, Elsässer, Dominik, Emery, Gabriel, Godoy, Miguel Escobar, Escudero, Juan, Esposito, Paolo, Falceta-Gonçalves, Diego, Ramazani, Vandad Fallah, Faure, Alice, Fedorova, Elena, Fegan, Stephen, Feijen, Kirsty, Feng, Qi, Ferrand, Gilles, Ferrarotto, Fabio, Fiandrini, Emanuele, Fiasson, Armand, Fioretti, Valentina, Foffano, Luca, Guiteras, Lluis Font, Fontaine, Gerard, Fröse, Stefan, Fukami, Satoshi, Fukui, Yasuo, Funk, Stefan, Gaggero, Daniele, Galanti, Giorgio, Galaz, Gaspar, Gallant, Yves A., Gallozzi, Stefano, Gammaldi, Viviana, Gasbarra, Claudio, Gaug, Markus, Ghalumyan, Arsen, Gianotti, Fulvio, Giarrusso, Marina, Giglietto, Nicola, Giordano, Francesco, Giuliani, Andrea, Glicenstein, Jean-Francois, Glombitza, Jonas, Goldoni, Paolo, González, José Mauricio, González, Maria Magdalena, Coelho, Jaziel Goulart, Granot, Jonathan, Grasso, Dario, Haro, Roger Grau, Green, David, Greenshaw, Tim, Grolleron, Guillaume, Grube, Jeff, Gueta, Orel, Gunji, Shuichi, Hadasch, Daniela, Hamal, Petr, Hanlon, William, Hara, Satoshi, Harvey, Violet M., Hashiyama, Kazuaki, Hassan, Tarek, Heller, Matthieu, Cadena, Sergio Hernández, Hie, Jonathan, Hiroshima, Nagisa, Hnatyk, Bohdan, Hnatyk, Roman, Hoffmann, Dirk, Hofmann, Werner, Holler, Markus, Horan, Deirdre, Horvath, Pavel, Hovatta, Talvikki, Hrupec, Dario, Hussain, Saqib, Iarlori, Marco, Inada, Tomohiro, Incardona, Federico, Inome, Yusuke, Inoue, Susumu, Iocco, Fabio, Ishio, Kazuma, Jamrozy, Marek, Janecek, Petr, Jankowsky, Felix, Jarnot, Christian, Jean, Pierre, Martínez, Irene Jiménez, Jin, Weidong, Jocou, Laurent, Juramy-Gilles, Claire, Jurysek, Jakub, KALEKIN, Oleg, Kantzas, Dimitrios, Karas, Vladimir, Kaufmann, Sarah, Kerszberg, Daniel, Khelifi, Bruno, Kieda, David B, Kleiner, Tobias Kai, Kluźniak, Włodzimierz, Kobayashi, Yukiho, Kohri, Kazunori, Komin, Nukri, Kornecki, Paula, Kosack, Karl, Kubo, Hidetoshi, Kushida, Junko, La Barbera, Antonino, La Palombara, Nicola, Lainez, Maria, Lamastra, Alessandra, Lapington, Jon S, Lazarevic, Sanja, Lazendic-Galloway, Jasmina, Leach, Steven, Lemoine-Goumard, Marianne, Lenain, Jean-Philippe, Leto, Giuseppe, Leuschner, Fabian, Lindfors, Elina, Linhoff, Maximilian, Liodakis, Ioannis, Loïc, Lozach, Lombardi, Saverio, Longo, Francesco, López-Coto, Rubén, López-Moya, Marcos, López-Oramas, Alicia, Loporchio, Serena, Bahilo, Julio Lozano, Luque-Escamilla, Pedro L., Macias, Oscar, Maier, Gernot, Majumdar, Pratik, Malyshev, Denys, Malyshev, Dmitry, Mandat, Dusan, Manicò, Giulio, Marinos, Peter David, Markoff, Sera, Márquez, Isabel, Marquez, Patricia, Marsella, Giovanni, Martí, Josep, Martin, Pierrick, Martínez, Gustavo Augusto, Martínez, Manel, Martinez, Oibar, Marty, Christophe, Mas-Aguilar, Alvaro, Mastropietro, Michele, Maurin, Gilles, Max-Moerbeck, Walter, Mazin, Daniel, Melkumyan, David, Menchiari, Stefano, Mestre, Enrique, Meunier, Jean-Luc, Meyer, Dominique M. -A., Miceli, Davide, Michailidis, Miltiadis, Michałowski, Jerzy, Miener, Tjark, Miranda, Jose Miguel, Mitchell, Alison, Mizote, Masaya, Mizuno, Tsunefumi, Moderski, Rafal, Mohrmann, Lars, Molero, Miguel, Molfese, Cesare, Molina, Edgar, Montaruli, Teresa, Moralejo, Abelardo, Morcuende, Daniel, Morik, Katharina, Morselli, Aldo, Moulin, Emmanuel, Zamanillo, Victor Moya, Mukherjee, Reshmi, Munari, Kevin, Muraczewski, Adam, Muraishi, Hiroshi, Nakamori, Takeshi, Nayak, Amrit, Nemmen, Rodrigo, Nickel, Lukas, Niemiec, Jacek, Nieto, Daniel, Rosillo, Mireia Nievas, Nikołajuk, Marek, Nishijima, Kyoshi, Noda, Koji, Nosek, Dalibor, Novosyadlyj, Bohdan, Novotný, Vladimír, Nozaki, Seiya, O'Brien, Paul, Ohishi, Michiko, Ohtani, Yoshiki, Okumura, Akira, Olive, Jean-François, Olmi, Barbara, Ong, Rene A., Orienti, Monica, Orito, Reiko, Orlandini, Mauro, Orlando, Elena, Ostrowski, Michal, Otte, Nepomuk, Oya, Igor, Pagano, Isabella, Pagliaro, Antonio, Palatiello, Michele, Panebianco, Gabriele, Paredes, Josep M., Parmiggiani, Nicolò, Patel, Sonal Ramesh, Pavlović, Dijana, Pe'er, Asaf, Pech, Miroslav, Pecimotika, Mario, Peresano, Michele, Pérez-Romero, Judit, Peron, Giada, Persic, Massimo, Petrucci, Pierre-Olivier, Petruk, Oleh, Pfeifle, Felix, Pintore, Fabio, Pirola, Giorgio, Pittori, Carlotta, Plard, Cyann, Podobnik, Franjo, Pohl, Martin, Pons, Estelle, Prandini, Elisa, Prast, Julie, Principe, Giacomo, Priyadarshi, Chaitanya, Produit, Nicolas, Prokhorov, Dmitry, Pueschel, Elisa, Pühlhofer, Gerd, Pumo, Maria Letizia, Punch, Michael, Quirrenbach, Andreas, Raino, Silvia, Randazzo, Nunzio, Rando, Riccardo, Ravel, Thierry, Razzaque, Soebur, Regeard, Maxime, Reichherzer, Patrick, Reimer, Anita, Reimer, Olaf, Reisenegger, Andreas, Reposeur, Thierry, Reville, Brian, Rhode, Wolfgang, Ribó, Marc, Richtler, Tom, Rieger, Frank, Roache, Emmet, Fernandez, Gonzalo Rodriguez, Frías, Maria Dolores Rodríguez, Rodríguez-Vázquez, Juan José, Romano, Patrizia, Romeo, Giuseppe, Rosado, Jaime, Rowell, Gavin P, Rudak, Bronislaw, Ruiter, Ashley J., Rulten, Cameron Boyd, Russo, Federico, Sadeh, Iftach, Saha, Lab, Saito, Takayuki, Sakurai, Shunsuke, Salzmann, Heiko, Sanchez, David, Sanchez-Conde, Miguel, Sangiorgi, Pierluca, Sano, Hidetoshi, Santander, Marcos, Santangelo, Andrea, Santos-Lima, Reinaldo, Sanuy, Andreu, Šarić, Toni, Sarkar, Arkadipta, Sarkar, Subir, Saturni, Francesco Gabriele, Savchenko, Volodymyr, Scherer, Andres, Schipani, Pietro, Schleicher, Bernd, Schovanek, Petr, Schubert, Jan Lukas, Schwanke, Ullrich, Schwefer, Georg, Scuderi, Salvatore, Arroyo, Monica Seglar, Seitenzahl, Ivo, Sergijenko, Olga, Sguera, Vito, Shang, Ruo-Yu, Sharma, Pooja, Sidibe, Guereguin Der Sylvestre, Sidoli, Lara, Siejkowski, Hubert, Siqueira, Clarissa, Sizun, Patrick, Sliusar, Vitalii, Slowikowska, Agnieszka, Sol, Helene, Specovius, Andreas, Spencer, Samuel Timothy, Spiga, Daniele, Stamerra, Antonio, Stanič, Samo, Starecki, Tomasz, Starling, Rhaana, Steppa, Constantin, Stolarczyk, Thierry, Strišković, Jelena, Strzys, Marcel C., Suda, Yusuke, Suomijarvi, Tiina, Tak, Donggeun, Takahashi, Mitsunari, Takeishi, Ryuji, Tam, Pak-Hin Thomas, Tanaka, Shuta J, Tanaka, Takaaki, Terauchi, Kenta, Testa, Vincenzo, Tibaldo, Luigi, Tibolla, Omar, Torradeflot, Francesc, Torres, Diego F., Torresi, Eleonora, Tothill, Nick, Toussenel, Francois, Touzard, Victoria, Tramacere, Andrea, Travnicek, Petr, Tripodo, Giovanni, Truzzi, Stefano, Tsiahina, Adellain, Tutone, Antonio, Vacula, Martin, Vallage, Bertrand, Vallania, Piero, Vallés, Ramon, van Eldik, Christopher, van Scherpenberg, Juliane, Vandenbroucke, Justin, Vassiliev, Vladimir, Venault, Philippe, Ventura, Sofia, Vercellone, Stefano, Verna, Gaia, Viana, Aion, Viaux, Nicolás, Vigliano, Alessandro, Vignatti, Jonatan, Vigorito, Carlo francesco, Vitale, Vincenzo, Vodeb, Veronika, Voisin, Vincent, Vorobiov, Serguei, Voutsinas, Georgios Gerasimos, Vovk, Ievgen, Waegebaert, Vincent, Wagner, Stefan Joachim, Walter, Roland, Ward, Martin, Wechakama, Maneenate, White, Richard, Wierzcholska, Alicja, Will, Martin, Williams, David A., Wohlleben, Frederik, Wolter, Anna, Yamamoto, Tokonatsu, Yamazaki, Ryo, Yang, Lili, Yoshida, Tatsuo, Yoshikoshi, Takanori, Zacharias, Michael, Sanchez, Ricardo Zanmar, Zavrtanik, Danilo, Zavrtanik, Marko, Zdziarski, Andrzej A., Zech, Andreas, Zhdanov, Valery I., Ziȩtara, Krzysztof, Živec, Miha, and Zuriaga-Puig, Jaume

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

The detection of gravitational waves from a binary neutron star merger by Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo (GW170817), along with the discovery of the electromagnetic counterparts of this gravitational wave event, ushered in a new era of multimessenger astronomy, providing the first direct evidence that BNS mergers are progenitors of short gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). Such events may also produce very-high-energy (VHE, > 100GeV) photons which have yet to be detected in coincidence with a gravitational wave signal. The Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) is a next-generation VHE observatory which aims to be indispensable in this search, with an unparalleled sensitivity and ability to slew anywhere on the sky within a few tens of seconds. New observing modes and follow-up strategies are being developed for CTA to rapidly cover localization areas of gravitational wave events that are typically larger than the CTA field of view. This work will evaluate and provide estimations on the expected number of of gravitational wave events that will be observable with CTA, considering both on- and off-axis emission. In addition, we will present and discuss the prospects of potential follow-up strategies with CTA., Comment: Presented at the 38th International Cosmic Ray Conference (ICRC 2023), 2023 (arXiv:2309.08219)

Published
2023

3. Observation of the galactic PeVatron candidate LHAASO J2108+5157 with the Large-Sized Telescope for Cherenkov Telescope Array

Author

Juryšek, Jakub, Balbo, Matteo, Eckert, Dominique, Tramacere, Andrea, Pirola, Giorgio, and Walter, Roland

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

The Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) Observatory will be the next-generation ground-based very-high-energy gamma-ray observatory, sensitive from 20 GeV up to 300 TeV. The Large-Sized Telescope prototype (LST-1), currently in the commissioning phase, was inaugurated in October 2018 on La Palma (Spain). It is the first of four LST telescopes for CTA, to be built in La Palma. In 2021, LST-1 performed observations of one of the Galactic PeVatron candidates, LHAASO J2108+5157, recently discovered by the LHAASO collaboration. We present results of our analysis of the LST-1 data, putting strong constraints on the emission of the source in the multi-TeV band. We also present results of multi-wavelength modeling using 12-years Fermi-LAT data and Target of Opportunity observations with XMM-Newton. We test different scenarios for the parent particles producing the high energy emission and put constraints on their spectra., Comment: 6 pages, 2 figures, Proceedings of the 7th Heidelberg International Symposium on High-Energy Gamma-Ray Astronomy (Gamma2022), 4-8 July 2022, Barcelona, Spain

Published
2022

4. Radio$-\gamma-$ray response in blazars as a signature of adiabatic blob expansion

Author

Tramacere, Andrea, Sliusar, Vitalii, Walter, Roland, Jurysek, Jakub, and Balbo, Matteo

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

Multiwavelength light curves in long-term campaigns have shown that, for several blazars, the radio emission occurs with a significant delay w.r.t. to $\gamma$-ray band, with timescales ranging from weeks to years. Such observational evidence has been a matter of debate for years and usually is interpreted as a signature of the $\gamma$-ray emission originating upstream in the jet, with the emitting region becoming radio transparent at larger scales. In this paper, we show, by means of self-consistent numerical modelling, that the adiabatic expansion of relativistic blob can explain these delays. We use the JetSeT framework to reproduce the numerical modelling of the radiative/accelerative processes, reproducing the temporal evolution, from the initial flaring activity, and the subsequent expansion. We follow the spectral evolution and the light curves, investigating the relations among the observed parameters, rise, time, and decay time, identifying the link with the physical parameters. We find that, when adiabatic expansion is active, lags due to the shift of the synchrotron frequency occur, with an offset equal to the distance in time between the flaring onset and the beginning of the expansion, whilst the rising and decaying timescales depend on the velocity of the expansion and on time required to the source to exhibit a synchrotron self-absorption frequency. We derive an inter-band response function, and we investigate the effects of the competitions between radiative and adiabatic cooling timescales on the response. We apply the response function to long-term radio and $\gamma-$ray light curves of Mrk 421, Mrk 501 and 3C 273, finding a satisfactory agreement on the log-term behaviour, and we use a Monte Carlo Markov Chain approach, to estimate some physical relevant parameters. We discuss the applications to polarization measurements, and to jets collimation profile kinematics., Comment: 27 pages, 22 figures, accepted for publication in A&A. Reproducible analysis: https://github.com/andreatramacere/adiabatic_exp_radio_gamma_delay; corrections after language editor revision and layout update

Published
2021
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5. Full LST-1 data reconstruction with the use of convolutional neural networks

Author

Juryšek, Jakub, Lyard, Etienne, and Walter, Roland

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

The Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) will be the world's largest and most sensitive ground-based gamma-ray observatory in the energy range from a few tens of GeV to tens of TeV. The LST-1 prototype, currently in its commissioning phase, is the first of the four largest CTA telescopes, that will be built in the northern site of CTA in La Palma, Canary Islands, Spain. In this contribution, we present a full-image reconstruction method using a modified InceptionV3 deep convolutional neural network applied on non-parametrized shower images. We evaluate the performance of optimized networks on Monte Carlo simulations of LST-1 shower images, and compare the results with the performance of the standard reconstruction method. We also show how both methods work on real-data reconstruction., Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, Astronomical Data Analysis Software and Systems (ADASS) XXXI conference proceeding

Published
2021

6. Exceptionally bright optical emission from a rare and distant $\gamma-$ray burst

Author

Oganesyan, Gor, Karpov, Sergey, Jelínek, Martin, Beskin, Gregory, Ronchini, Samuele, Banerjee, Biswajit, Branchesi, Marica, Štrobl, Jan, Polášek, Cyril, Hudec, René, Ivanov, Eugeny, Katkova, Elena, Perkov, Alexey, Biryukov, Anton, Lyapshina, Nadezhda, Sasyuk, Vyacheslav, Mašek, Martin, Janeček, Petr, Ebr, Jan, Juryšek, Jakub, Cunniffe, Ronan, and Prouza, Michael

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

Long $\rm \gamma$-ray bursts (GRBs) are produced by the dissipation of ultra-relativistic jets launched by newly-born black holes after the collapse of massive stars. Right after the luminous and highly variable $\gamma$-ray emission, the multi-wavelength afterglow is released by the external dissipation of the jet in circumburst medium. We report the discovery of a very bright ($\rm \sim 10$ mag) optical emission $\rm \sim 28$ s after the explosion of the extremely luminous and energetic GRB 210619B located at redshift 1.937. Early multi-filter observations allowed us to witness the end of the shock wave propagation into the GRB ejecta. We observed the spectral transition from a bright reverse to the forward shock emission, demonstrating that the early and late GRB multi-wavelength emission is originated from a very narrow jet propagating into an unusually rarefied interstellar medium. We also find evidence of an additional component of radiation, coming from the jet wings which is able explain the uncorrelated optical/X-ray emission.

Published
2021
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7. Observational constraints on the blazar jet wobbling timescales

Author

Juryšek, Jakub, Sliusar, Vitalii, Moulin, Dimitri, and Walter, Roland

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

Blazars are a subclass of radio-loud active galactic nuclei (AGNs), where the jet is aligned close to the line of sight. Blazars emission is dominated by non-thermal processes, where Doppler boosted radiation originates from a relativistic population of charged particles within the jet. From radio to TeV energies, blazars are highly variable on timescales from minutes to several months. There are several mechanisms proposed to explain variability, including changes in the viewing angle of the jet, propagating along the rotation axis of the accretion disc. The misalignment of a supermassive black hole (SMBH) spin and the angular momentum of the accretion disc yields to Lense-Thirring precession of such tilted disc, which leads to the variation of Doppler beaming. Such scenario is supported by radio observations of jet precession observed in some AGNs. The radio-emitting regions, however, are located far from the central engine, and thus the observed time scales in this band can be affected by e.g. a variation of the bulk Lorentz factor along the jet. In this contribution, we derive expected time scales of the jet wobbling using SMBH masses and compare them with the time intervals between flares in long-term (over 15 years) X-ray light curves of bright blazars observed by Swift-XRT. We found that for Mrk 421, Mrk 501 and 3C 273, the derived time scales are consistent with the observational constraints, while for 1ES 1959+650 we are mostly limited by uncertainty in the Doppler beaming factor., Comment: ICRC 2021 conference proceeding

Published
2021

8. Exceptionally bright optical emission from a rare and distant gamma-ray burst

Author

Oganesyan, Gor, Karpov, Sergey, Salafia, Om Sharan, Jelínek, Martin, Beskin, Gregory, Ronchini, Samuele, Banerjee, Biswajit, Branchesi, Marica, Štrobl, Jan, Polášek, Cyril, Hudec, René, Ivanov, Eugeny, Katkova, Elena, Perkov, Alexey, Biryukov, Anton, Lyapsina, Nadezhda, Sasyuk, Vyacheslav, Mašek, Martin, Janeček, Petr, Ebr, Jan, Juryšek, Jakub, Cunniffe, Ronan, and Prouza, Michael

Published
2023
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9. A New Method for Aerosol Measurement using Wide-field Photometry

Author

Ebr, Jan, Karpov, Sergey, Eliášek, Jiří, Blažek, Jiří, Cunniffe, Ronan, Ebrová, Ivana, Janeček, Petr, Jelínek, Martin, Juryšek, Jakub, Mandat, Dušan, Mašek, Martin, Pech, Miroslav, Prouza, Michael, and Travníček, Petr

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics
Abstract

We present a new method to measure the vertical aerosol optical depth (VAOD) during clear nights using a wide-field imager - a CCD camera with a photographic lens on an equatorial mount. A series of 30-second exposures taken at different altitudes above the horizon can be used to measure the VAOD with a precision better than 0.008 optical depths within a few minutes. Such a measurement does not produce any light and is thus suitable for use at sites where other astronomical instruments are located. The precision of the VAOD measurement depends on laboratory calibration of spectral properties of the system and of the response of the camera electronics to varying illumination levels, as well as careful considerations of details of stellar photometry and modelling of the dependence of measured stellar fluxes star color and position within the field of view. The results obtained with robotic setups at the future sites of the Cherenkov Telescope Array show good internal consistency and agreement with the simultaneous measurements from a Sun/Moon Photometer located at the same site., Comment: Accepted in Astronomical Journal

Published
2021
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10. Prototype operations of atmospheric calibration devices for the Cherenkov Telescope Array

Author

Ebr, Jan, Mandát, Dušan, Pech, Miroslav, Chytka, Ladislav, Juryšek, Jakub, Prouza, Michael, Janeček, Petr, Trávníček, Petr, Blažek, Jiří, Gaug, Markus, Mašek, Martin, Eliášek, Jiří, and Karpov, Sergey

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

The atmospheric monitoring devices for the planned calibration system of the Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) are undergoing intensive development, prototyping and testing. The All-Sky Cameras, the Sun/Moon Photometers and the FRAM telescopes have been gradually deployed at the future CTA sites with the primary goal of site characterization, simultaneously allowing the assessment of their operational reliability in realistic environmental conditions. All three devices have shown the ability to work smoothly in both the extreme dryness and the large temperature variations of the southern site as well as in the occasional adverse weather during winter months at the northern site. The target availability of 95\% of time has not yet been reached mostly due to minor hardware failures that have proven difficult to fix due to the remoteness of the installation in the absence of the future CTA infrastructure. The experience gathered during the prototype operations will contribute to the improved reliability of the final instruments. The Raman LIDARs, described in separate proceedings of this conference, and the infrared Ceilometer, ready for testing in Prague, will complement the set of atmospheric calibration devices in near future. The final operational procedures for the atmospheric calibration of the CTA during its operation are being finalized foreseeing the use of the All-sky Cameras and the Ceilometer for the monitoring of clouds over the whole sky and the LIDARs and FRAMs for precision measurements of the atmospheric transmission as a function of altitude and position within the field-of-view of the CTA array., Comment: Proceedings of the ICRC 2019 PoS(ICRC2019)769

Published
2019

11. Characterization of atmospheric properties at the future sites of the Cherenkov Telescope Array

Author

Ebr, Jan, Mandát, Dušan, Pech, Miroslav, Chytka, Ladislav, Juryšek, Jakub, Prouza, Michael, Janeček, Petr, Trávníček, Petr, Blažek, Jiří, Bulik, Tomasz, Cieslar, Marek, Suchenek, Mariusz, Rizi, Vincenzo, Pietropaolo, Ermanno, Iarlori, Marco, Aramo, Carla, Valore, Laura, Di Pierro, Federico, Vallania, Piero, Depaoli, Davide, Will, Martin, Gaug, Markus, Font, Lluís, Mašek, Martin, Eliášek, Jiří, Jelínek, Martin, and Karpov, Sergey

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

Advanced knowledge of the detailed atmospheric properties of both the future sites of the Cherenkov Telescope Array is essential in preparation of the arrival of the first scientific data. Meteorological variables are studied using a dedicated characterization station installed at the southern site in Chile and a wealth of data from existing observatories around the northern site on the La Palma island. Campaigns using radiosondes launched on balloons are foreseen to complement these data in the near future. Cloudiness during the night has been continuously monitored at both sites for several years using All-sky Cameras which assess the presence of clouds based on detection of stars. The integrated aerosol optical depth over the southern site has been measured using a Sun/Moon Photometer since 2016 and the small robotic FRAM telescope since 2017; identical instruments have been deployed at the northern site in autumn 2018. Also in October 2018, the ARCADE Raman lidar (RL) has started to take measurements on routine basis at the northern site, providing data on the vertical profile of the aerosol optical properties (i.e., extinction and scattering) and of the water vapour mixing ratio. We present the data currently available from these instruments from both sites with emphasis on characteristics important for the (future) operation of Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes., Comment: Proceedings of the ICRC 2019 PoS(ICRC2019)667

Published
2019

12. Calibration and operation of SiPM-based cameras for gamma-ray astronomy in presence of high night-sky light

Author

Samarai, Imen Al, Alispach, Cyril Martin, Balbo, Matteo, Barbano, Anastasia Maria, Beshley, Vasyl, Biland, Adrian, Blazek, Jiri, Błocki, Jacek, Borkowski, Jerzy, Bulik, Tomek, Cadoux, Frank Raphael, Chytka, Ladislav, Coco, Victor, De Angelis, Nicolas, Della Volpe, Domenico, Favre, Yannick, Gieras, Tomasz, Grudzińska, Mira, Hamal, Petr, Heller, Matthieu, Hrabovsky, Miroslav, Juryšek, Jakub, Kasperek, Jerzy, Koncewicz, Katarzyna, Kotarba, Andrzej, Lyard, Étienne, Mach, Emil, Mandat, Dusan, Michal, Stanislav, Michałowski, Jerzy, Moderski, Rafal, Montaruli, Teresa, Nagai, Andrii, Neise, Dominik, Niemiec, Jacek, Ekoume, Theodore Rodrigue Njoh, Ostrowski, Michal, Palatka, Miroslav, Paśko, Paweł, Pech, Miroslav, Pilszyk, Bartłomiej, Przybilski, Henry, Rajda, Paweł, Renier, Yves, Rozwadowski, Paweł, Schovanek, Petr, Seweryn, Karol, Sliusar, Vitali, Smakulska, Dorota, Sobczyńska, Dorota, Stawarz, Łukasz, Świerblewski, Jacek, Świerk, Paweł, Travnicek, Petr, Pujadas, Isaac Troyano, Walter, Roland, Wiecek, Marek, Zagdański, Aleksander, and Ziȩtara, Krzysztof

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

The next generation of Cherenkov telescope cameras feature Silicon Photo Multipliers (SiPM), which can guarantee excellent performance and allow for observation also under moonlight, increasing duty-cycle and therefore the physics reach. A 4 m-diameter Davies-Cotton prototype telescope with a 9-degree optical FoV and a 1296-pixel SiPM camera, has been designed to meet the requirements of the next generation of ground-based gamma-ray observatories at the highest energies. The large-scale production of the telescopes for array deployment has required the development of a fully automated calibration strategy which relies on a dedicated hardware, the Camera Test Setup (CTS). For each camera pixel, the CTS is equipped with two LEDs, one operated in pulsed mode to reproduce signal and one in continuous mode to reproduce night-sky background. In this contribution we will present the camera calibration strategy, from the laboratory measurement to the on-site monitoring with emphasis on the results obtained with the first camera prototype. In addition, key performances such as charge resolution, time resolution and trigger efficiencies and their degradation with increasing night-sky background level will be presented.

Published
2019

13. Monte Carlo study of a single SST-1M prototype for the Cherenkov Telescope Array

Author

Jurysek, Jakub, Samarai, Imen Al, Alispach, Cyril, Balbo, Matteo, Barbano, Anastasia Maria, Beshley, Vasyl, Biland, Adrian, Blazek, Jiri, Błocki, Jacek, Borkowski, Jerzy, Bulik, Tomek, Cadoux, Frank Raphael, Chytka, Ladislav, Coco, Victor, De Angelis, Nicolas, Della Volpe, Domenico, Favre, Yannick, Gieras, Tomasz, Grudzińska, Mira, Hamal, Petr, Heller, Mathieu, Hrabovsky, Miroslav, Kasperek, Jerzy, Koncewicz, Katarzyna, Kotarba, Andrzej, Lyard, Etienne, Mach, Emil, Mandat, Dusan, Michal, Stanislav, Michalowski, Jerzy, Moderski, Rafal, Montaruli, Teresa, Nagai, Andrii, Neise, Dominik, Niemiec, Jacek, Ekoume, Theodore Rodrigue Njoh, Ostrowski, Michal, Palatka, Miroslav, Pasko, Pawel, Pech, Miroslav, Pilszyk, Bartłomiej, Przybilski, Henry, Rajda, Pawel, Renier, Yves, Rozwadowski, Paweł, Schovanek, Petr, Seweryn, K., Sliusar, Vitalii, Smakulska, Dorota, Sobczyńska, Dorota, Stawarz, Łukasz, Świerblewski, Jacek, Świerk, Paweł, Travnicek, Petr, Pujadas, Isaac Troyano, Walter, Roland, Wiecek, Marek, Zagdański, Aleksander, and Zietara, Krzystof

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

The SST-1M telescope was developed as a prototype of a Small-Size-Telescope for the Cherenkov Telescope Array observatory and it has been extensively tested in Krakow since 2017. In this contribution we present validation of the Monte Carlo model of the prototype and expected performance in Krakow conditions. We focus on gamma/hadron separation and mono reconstruction of energy and gamma photon arrival direction using Machine learning methods., Comment: 8 pages, 13 figures, ICRC 2019 proceeding

Published
2019

14. FRAM telescopes and their measurements of aerosol content at the Pierre Auger Observatory and at future sites of the Cherenkov Telescope Array

Author

Janeček, Petr, Ebr, Jan, Juryšek, Jakub, Prouza, Michael, Blažek, Jiří, Trávníček, Petr, Mandát, Dušan, Pech, Miroslav, Karpov, Sergey, Cunniffe, Ronan, Mašek, Martin, Jelínek, Martin, and Ebrová, Ivana

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

A FRAM (F/(Ph)otometric Robotic Atmospheric Monitor) telescope is a system of a robotic mount, a large-format CCD camera and a fast telephoto lens that can be used for atmospheric monitoring at any site when information about the atmospheric transparency is required with high spatial or temporal resolution and where continuous use of laser-based methods for this purpose would interfere with other observations. The original FRAM has been operated at the Pierre Auger Observatory in Argentina for more than a decade, while three more FRAMs are foreseen to be used by the Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA). The CTA FRAMs are being deployed ahead of time to characterize the properties of the sites prior to the operation of the CTA telescopes; one FRAM has been running on the planned future CTA site in Chile for a year while two others are expected to become operational before the end of 2018. We report on the hardware and current status of operation and/or deployment of all the FRAM instruments in question as well as on some of the preliminary results of integral aerosol measurements by the FRAMs in Argentina and Chile, Comment: Proceedings of AtmoHEAD 2018

Published
2018
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15. New developments in aerosol measurements using stellar photometry

Author

Ebr, Jan, Juryšek, Jakub, Prouza, Michael, Blažek, Jiří, Trávníček, Petr, Mandát, Dušan, Pech, Miroslav, Janeček, Petr, Karpov, Sergey, Cunniffe, Ronan, Mašek, Martin, Eliášek, Jiří, Jelínek, Martin, and Ebrová, Ivana

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

The idea of using stellar photometry for atmospheric monitoring for optical experiments in high-energy astrophysics is seemingly straightforward, but reaching high precision of the order of 0.01 in the determination of the vertical aerosol optical depth (VAOD) has proven difficult. Wide-field photometry over a large span of altitudes allows a fast determination of VAOD independently of the absolute calibration of the system, while providing this calibration as a useful by-product. Using several years of data taken by the FRAM (F/(Ph)otometric Robotic Atmospheric Monitor) telescope at the Pierre Auger Observatory in Argentina and about a year of data taken by a similar instrument deployed at the planned future Southern site of the Cherenkov Telescope Array in Chile, we have developed methods to improve the precision of this measurement technique towards and possibly beyond the 0.01 mark. Detailed laboratory measurements of the response of the whole system to both the spectrum and intensity of incoming light have proven indispensable in this analysis as the usual assumption of linearity of the CCD detectors is not valid anymore for the conditions of the observations., Comment: Accepted for AtmoHEAD 2018 proceedings

Published
2018
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16. CzeV - The Czech Variable Star Catalogue

Author

Skarka, Marek, Mašek, Martin, Brát, Luboš, Cagaš, Pavel, Juryšek, Jakub, Hoňková, Kateřina, Zejda, Miloslav, Šmelcer, Ladislav, Jelínek, Martin, Lomoz, František, Tylšar, Martin, Trnka, Jaroslav, Pejcha, Ondřej, Pintr, Pavel, Lehký, Martin, Janík, Jan, Červinka, Ladislav, Přibík, Václav, Motl, David, Walter, Filip, Zasche, Petr, Koss, Karel, Hájek, Petr, Bílek, František, Liška, Jiří, Kučáková, Hana, Bodnár, Fabian, Beránek, Jan, Šafář, Jan, Moudrá, Milada, Oršulák, Martin, Pintr, Michal, Sobotka, Petr, Dřevěný, Radek, Juráňová, Anna, Polák, Jiří, Polster, Jan, Onderková, Kateřina, Smolka, Miloslav, Auer, Reinhold Friedrich, Kocián, Radek, Hladík, Bohuslav, Cagaš, Petr, Greš, Adam, Műller, David, Čapková, Hedvika, Kyselý, Jan, Hornoch, Kamil, Truparová, Kateřina, Timko, Lukáš, Brož, Miroslav, Bílek, Michal, Šebela, Pavel, Hanžl, Dalibor, Žampachová, Eva, Secká, Jaroslava, Pravec, Petr, Mrňák, Petr, Svoboda, Petr, Ehrenberger, Roman, Novotný, Filip, Poddaný, Stanislav, Prudil, Zdeněk, Kuchťák, Bernard, and Štegner, David

Subjects
Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract

We present the first release of the Czech Variable star catalogue that currently contains 1228 stars whose variability was discovered by 60 Czech observers. The catalogue contains confirmed variable stars of various types, but also candidates. We give precise coordinates, cross identification with other catalogues, information about constellation, variability type, brightness, light elements, name of the discoverer and year of discovery. In eighty-eight percent of stars the variability type is estimated, for more than 60 % of the stars the light ephemerides are given., Comment: 42 pages, 4 tables, 2 figures, Published in OEJV

Published
2017

17. Atmospheric calibration of the Cherenkov Telescope Array

Author

Ebr, Jan, Bulik, Tomasz, Font, Lluis, Gaug, Markus, Janecek, Petr, Jurysek, Jakub, Mandat, Dusan, Stefanik, Stanislav, Valore, Laura, and Vasileiadis, George

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

Atmospheric monitoring is an integral part of the design of the Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA), as atmospheric conditions affect the observations by Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes (IACT) in multiple ways. The variable optical properties of the atmosphere are a major contribution to the systematic uncertainty in the determination of the energy and flux of the gamma photons. Both the development of the air-shower and the production of Cherenkov light depend on the molecular profile of the atmosphere. Additionally, the rapidly changing aerosol profile, affecting the transmission of the Cherenkov light, needs to be monitored on short time scales. Establishing a procedure to select targets based on current atmospheric conditions can increase the efficiency of the use of the observation time. The knowledge of atmospheric properties of the future CTA locations and their annual and short-term variations in advance is essential so that the atmospheric calibration can be readily applied to first scientific data. To this end, some devices are already installed at one or both of the selected sites..., Comment: All CTA contributions at arXiv:1709.03483. Proceedings of ICRC 2017, Busan, South Korea

Published
2017

18. Sun/Moon photometer for the Cherenkov Telescope Array - first results

Author

Juryšek, Jakub and Prouza, Michael

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

Determination of the energy and flux of the gamma photons by Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Technique is strongly dependent on optical properties of the atmosphere. Therefore, atmospheric monitoring during the future observations of the Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) as well as anticipated long-term monitoring in order to characterize overal properties and annual variation of atmospheric conditions are very important. Several instruments are already installed at the CTA sites in order to monitor atmospheric conditions on long-term. One of them is a Sun/Moon photometer CE318-T, installed at the Southern CTA site. Since the photometer is installed at a place with very stable atmospheric conditions, it can be also used for characterization of its performance and testing of new methods of aerosol optical depth (AOD) retrieval, cloud-screening and calibration. In this work, we describe our calibration method for nocturnal measurements and the modification of cloud-screening for purposes of nocturnal AOD retrieval. We applied these methods on two months of observations and present the distribution of AODs in four photometric passbands together with their uncertainties., Comment: All CTA contributions at arXiv:1709.03483. Accepted for publication on PoS, PoS(ICRC2017)853, Proceedings of the 35th ICRC 2017, Busan, Korea

Published
2017

19. Constraining models of twin peak quasi-periodic oscillations with realistic neutron star equations of state

Author

Török, Gabriel, Goluchová, Kateřina, Urbanec, Martin, Šrámková, Eva, Adámek, Karel, Urbancová, Gabriela, Pecháček, Tomáš, Bakala, Pavel, Stuchlík, Zdeněk, Horák, Jiří, and Juryšek, Jakub

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

Twin-peak quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs) are observed in the X-ray power-density spectra of several accreting low-mass neutron star (NS) binaries. In our previous work we have considered several QPO models. We have identified and explored mass-angular-momentum relations implied by individual QPO models for the atoll source 4U 1636-53. In this paper we extend our study and confront QPO models with various NS equations of state (EoS). We start with simplified calculations assuming Kerr background geometry and then present results of detailed calculations considering the influence of NS quadrupole moment (related to rotationally induced NS oblateness) assuming Hartle-Thorne spacetimes. We show that the application of concrete EoS together with a particular QPO model yields a specific mass-angular-momentum relation. However, we demonstrate that the degeneracy in mass and angular momentum can be removed when the NS spin frequency inferred from the X-ray burst observations is considered. We inspect a large set of EoS and discuss their compatibility with the considered QPO models. We conclude that when the NS spin frequency in 4U 1636-53 is close to 580Hz we can exclude 51 from 90 of the considered combinations of EoS and QPO models. We also discuss additional restrictions that may exclude even more combinations. Namely, there are 13 EOS compatible with the observed twin peak QPOs and the relativistic precession model. However, when considering the low frequency QPOs and Lense-Thirring precession, only 5 EOS are compatible with the model., Comment: 12 pages, 9 figures, 3 tables, accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal

Published
2016
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21. Aerosol measurements at sub-percent precision using wide-field stellar photometry

Author

Ebr, Jan, primary, Karpov, Sergey, additional, Eliášek, Jiří, additional, Blažek, Jiří, additional, Cunniffe, Ronan, additional, Ebrová, Ivana, additional, Janeček, Petr, additional, Jelínek, Martin, additional, Juryšek, Jakub, additional, Mandát, Dušan, additional, Mašek, Martin, additional, Pech, Miroslav, additional, Prouza, Michael, additional, and Trávníček, Petr, additional

Published
2022
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22. FRAM telescopes and their measurements of aerosol content at the Pierre Auger Observatory and at future sites of the Cherenkov Telescope Array

Author

Janeček Petr, Ebr Jan, Juryšek Jakub, Prouza Michael, Blažek Jiří, Trávníček Petr, Mandát Dušan, Pech Miroslav, Karpov Sergey, Cunniffe Ronan, Mašek Martin, Jelínek Martin, and Ebrová Ivana

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

A FRAM (F/(Ph)otometric Robotic Atmospheric Monitor) telescope is a system of a robotic mount, a large-format CCD camera and a fast telephoto lens that can be used for atmospheric monitoring at any site when information about the atmospheric transparency is required with high spatial or temporal resolution and where continuous use of laser-based methods for this purpose would interfere with other observations. The original FRAM has been operated at the Pierre Auger Observatory in Argentina for more than a decade, while three more FRAMs are foreseen to be used by the Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA). The CTA FRAMs are being deployed ahead of time to characterize the properties of the sites prior to the operation of the CTA telescopes; one FRAM has been running on the planned future CTA site in Chile for a year while two others are expected to become operational before the end of 2018. We report on the hardware and current status of operation and/or deployment of all the FRAM instruments in question as well as on some of the preliminary results of integral aerosol measurements by the FRAMs in Argentina and Chile.

Published
2019
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23. New developments in aerosol measurements using stellar photometry

Author

Ebr Jan, Juryšek Jakub, Prouza Michael, Blažek Jiří, Trávníček Petr, Mandát Dušan, Pech Miroslav, Janeček Petr, Karpov Sergey, Cunniffe Ronan, Mašek Martin, Eliášek Jiří, Jelínek Martin, and Ebrová Ivana

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

The idea of using stellar photometry for atmospheric monitoring for optical experiments in highenergy astrophysics is seemingly straightforward, but reaching high precision of the order of 0.01 in the determination of the vertical aerosol optical depth (VAOD) has proven difficult. Wide-field photometry over a large span of altitudes allows a fast determination of VAOD independently of the absolute calibration of the system, while providing this calibration as a useful by-product. Using several years of data taken by the FRAM (F/(Ph)otometric Robotic Atmospheric Monitor) telescope at the Pierre Auger Observatory in Argentina and about a year of data taken by a similar instrument deployed at the planned future Southern site of the Cherenkov Telescope Array in Chile, we have developed methods to improve the precision of this measurement technique towards and possibly beyond the 0.01 mark. Detailed laboratory measurements of the response of the whole system to both the spectrum and intensity of incoming light have proven indispensable in this analysis as the usual assumption of linearity of the CCD detectors is not valid anymore for the conditions of the observations.

Published
2019
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24. Indication of a mass-dependent anisotropy above 10 18.7 eV in the hybrid data of the Pierre Auger Observatory

Author

Pierre Auger Collaboration, Mayotte, Eric, Abreu, Pedro, Aglietta, Marco, Albury, Justin M., Allekotte, Ingomar, Almela, Alejandro, Alvarez-Muniz, Jaime, Alves Batista, Rafael, Anastasi, Gioacchino Alex, Anchordoqui, Luis A., Andrada, Belén, Andringa, Sofia, Aramo, Carla, Araújo Ferreira, Paulo Ricardo, Arteaga Velazquez, Juan Carlos, Asorey, Hernán Gonzalo, Assis, Pedro, Avila, Gualberto, Badescu, Alina Mihaela, Bakalova, Alena, Balaceanu, Alexandru, Barbato, Felicia, Barreira Luz, Ricardo Jorge, Becker, Karl-Heinz, Bellido, Jose A., Berat, Corinne, Bertaina, Mario Edoardo, Bertou, Xavier, Biermann, Peter L., Binet, Virginia, Bismark, Kathrin, Bister, Teresa, Biteau, Jonathan, Blazek, Jiri, Bleve, Carla, Bohacova, Martina, boncioli, denise, Bonifazi, Carla, Bonneau Arbeletche, Luan, Borodai, Nataliia, Botti, Ana Martina, Brack, Jeffrey, Bretz, Thomas, Brichetto Orchera, P. Gabriel, Briechle, Florian Lukas, Buchholz, Peter, Bueno, Antonio, Buitink, Stijn, Buscemi, Mario, Büsken, Max, Caballero-Mora, Karen S., Caccianiga, Lorenzo, Canfora, Fabrizia, Caracas, Ioana, Carceller, Juan Miguel, Caruso, Rossella, Castellina, Antonella, Catalani, Fernando, Cataldi, Gabriella, Cazon, Lorenzo, Cerda, Marcos, Chinellato, Jose Augusto, Chudoba, Jiri, Chytka, Ladislav, Clay, Roger W., Cobos Cerutti, Agustín, Colalillo, Roberta, Coleman, Alan, Coluccia, Maria Rita, Conceição, Rúben, Condorelli, Antonio, Consolati, Giovanni, Contreras, Fernando, Convenga, Fabio, Correia dos Santos, Diego, Covault, Corbin, Dasso, Sergio, Daumiller, Kai, Dawson, Bruce R., Day, Jarryd A., Almeida, Rogerio M. de, Jesús, Joaquín de, Jong, Sijbrand J. de, De Mauro, Giuseppe, Mello Neto, João de, De Mitri, Ivan, Oliveira, Jaime de, Oliveira Franco, Danelise de, Palma, Francesco de, Souza, Vitor de, De Vito, Emanuele, Río, Mariano del, Deligny, Olivier, Deval, Luca, Matteo, Armando di, Dobrigkeit, Carola, D'Olivo, Juan Carlos, Domingues Mendes, Luis Miguel, Anjos, Rita dos, Santos, Diego dos, Dova, Maria Teresa, Ebr, Jan, Engel, Ralph, Epicoco, Italo, Erdmann, Martin, Escobar, Carlos O., Etchegoyen, Alberto, Falcke, Heino, Farmer, John, Farrar, Glennys R., Fauth, Anderson, Fazzini, Norberto, Feldbusch, Fridtjof, Fenu, Francesco, Fick, Brian, Figueira, Juan Manuel, Filipcic, Andrej, Fitoussi, Thomas, Fodran, Tomáš, Freire, Martín Miguel, Fujii, Toshihiro, Fuster, Alan, Galea, Cristina, Galelli, Claudio, García, Beatriz, García Vegas, Adrianna Luz, Gemmeke, Hartmut, Gesualdi, Flavia, Gherghel-Lascu, Alexandru, Ghia, Piera Luisa, GIACCARI, Ugo, Giammarchi, Marco, Glombitza, Jonas, Gobbi, Fabian, Gollan, Fernando, Golup, Geraldina, Gómez Berisso, Mariano, Gómez Vitale, Primo F., Gongora, Juan Pablo, González, Juan Manuel, Gonzalez, Nicolas Martin, Goos, Isabel, Gora, Dariusz, Gorgi, Alessio, Gottowik, Marvin, Grubb, Trent D., Guarino, Fausto, Guedes, Germano, Guido, Eleonora, Hahn, Steffen, Hamal, Petr, Hampel, Matías Rolf, Hansen, Patricia María, Harari, Diego, Harvey, Violet M., Haungs, Andreas, Hebbeker, Thomas, Heck, Dieter, Hill, Gary C., Hojvat, Carlos, Hörandel, Jörg, Horvath, Pavel, Hrabovsky, Miroslav, Huege, Tim, Insolia, Antonio, Isar, Paula Gina, Janecek, Petr, Johnsen, Jeffrey A., Juryšek, Jakub, Kääpä, Alex, Kampert, Karl-Heinz, Karastathis, Nikolaos, Keilhauer, Bianca, Kemp, Julian, Khakurdikar, Abha, Kizakke Covilakam, Varada Varma, Klages, Hans, Kleifges, Matthias, Kleinfeller, Jonny, Köpke, Marcel, Kunka, Norbert, Lago, Bruno L., Lang, Rodrigo Guedes, Langner, Niklas, Leigui de Oliveira, Marcelo Augusto, Lenok, Vladimir, Letessier-Selvon, Antoine, Lhenry-Yvon, Isabelle, Lo Presti, Domenico, LOPES, Luis, López, Rebeca, Lu, Lu, Luce, Quentin, Lundquist, Jon Paul, Machado Payeras, Allan, Mancarella, Giovanni, Mandat, Dusan, Manning, Bradley C., Manshanden, Julien, Mantsch, Paul, Marafico, Sullivan, Mariazzi, Analisa, Maris, Ioana Codrina, Marsella, Giovanni, Martello, Daniele, Martinelli, Sara, Martínez Bravo, Oscar, Mastrodicasa, Massimo, Mathes, Hermann-Josef, Matthews, James, Matthiae, Giorgio, Mazur, Peter, Medina-Tanco, Gustavo, Melo, Diego, Menshikov, Alexander, Merenda, Kevin-Druis, Michal, Stanislav, Micheletti, Maria Isabel, Miramonti, Lino, Mollerach, Silvia, Montanet, François, Morello, Carlo, Mostafa, Miguel, Müller, Ana L., Muller, Marcio Aparecido, Mulrey, Katharine, Mussa, Roberto, Muzio, Marco Stein, Namasaka, Wilson M., Nasr-Esfahani, Alina, Nellen, Lukas, Niculescu-Oglinzanu, Mihai, Niechciol, Marcus, Nitz, Dave, Nosek, Dalibor, Novotný, Vladimír, Nozka, Libor, Nucita, Achille, Nunez, Luis A., Palatka, Miroslav, Pallotta, Juan, Papenbreer, Philipp, Parente, Gonzalo, Parra, Alejandra, Pawlowsky, Jannis, Pech, Miroslav, Pedreira, Francisco, Pękala, Jan, Pelayo, Rodrigo, Peña-Rodríguez, Jesús, Pereira Martins, Edyvania Emily, Perez Armand, Johnnier, Pérez Bertolli, Carmina, Perlin, Matías, Perrone, Lorenzo, Petrera, Sergio, Pierog, Tanguy, Pimenta, Mário, Pirronello, Valerio, Platino, Manuel, Pont, Bjarni, Pothast, Mart, Privitera, Paolo, Prouza, Michael, Puyleart, Andrew, Querchfeld, Sven, Rautenberg, Julian, Ravignani, Diego, Reininghaus, Maximilian, Ridky, Jan, Riehn, Felix, Risse, Markus, Rizi, Vincenzo, Rodrigues de Carvalho, Washington, Rodriguez Rojo, Jorge Rubén, Roncoroni, Matías J., Rossoni, Simone, Roth, Markus, Roulet, Esteban, Rovero, Adrian, Ruehl, Philip, Saftoiu, Alexandra, Salamida, Francesco, Salazar, Humberto Ibarguen, Salina, Gaetano, Sanabria Gomez, Jose, Sánchez, Federico Andrés, Santos, Edivaldo Moura, Santos, Eva, Sarazin, Fred, Sarmento, Raul, Sarmiento-Cano, Christian, Sato, Ricardo, Savina, Pierpaolo, Schäfer, Christoph M., Scherini, Viviana, Schieler, Harald, Schimassek, Martin, Schimp, Michael, Schlüter, Felix, Schmidt, David, Scholten, Olaf, Schovanek, Petr, Schröder, Frank G., Schröder, Sonja, Schulte, Josina, Sciutto, Sergio, Scornavacche, Marina, Segreto, Alberto, Sehgal, Srijan, Shellard, Ronald C., Sigl, Guenter, Silli, Gaia, Sima, Octavian, Smida, Radomir, Sommers, Paul, Soriano, Jorge F., Souchard, Julien, Squartini, Ruben, Stadelmaier, Maximilian, Stanca, Denis, Stanič, Samo, Stasielak, Jaroslaw, Stassi, Patrick, Streich, Alexander, Suárez-Durán, Mauricio, Sudholz, Tristan, Suomijarvi, Tiina, Supanitsky, A. Daniel, Szadkowski, Zbigniew, Tapia, Alex, Taricco, Carla, Timmermans, Charles, Tkachenko, Olena, Tobiska, Petr, Todero Peixoto, Carlos J., Tomé, Bernardo, Torrès, Zoé, Travaini, Andres, Travnicek, Petr, Trimarelli, Caterina, Tueros, Matias, Ulrich, Ralf, Unger, Michael, Vaclavek, Lukáš, Vacula, Martin, Valdés Galicia, Jose F., Valore, Laura, Varela, Enrique, Vásquez-Ramírez, Adriana, Veberic, Darko, Ventura, Cynthia, Vergara Quispe, Indira D., Verzi, Valerio, Vicha, Jakub, Vink, Jacco, Vorobiov, Serguei, Wahlberg, Hernan, Watanabe, Clara Keiko Oliveira, Watson, Alan, Weber, Marc, Weindl, Andreas, Wiencke, Lawrence, Wilczyński, Henryk, Wirtz, Marcus, Wittkowski, David, Wundheiler, Brian, Yushkov, Alexey, Zapparrata, Orazio, Zas, Enrique, Zavrtanik, Danilo, Zavrtanik, Marko, and Zehrer, Lukas

Subjects
Physics, Pierre Auger Observatory, Astronomy, Astrophysics, Galactic plane, Mass composition, Threshold energy, Distribution (mathematics), Experimental High Energy Physics, Sensitivity (control systems), High Energy Physics, ddc:620, Anisotropy, Hybrid data, Engineering & allied operations
Abstract

We test the hypothesis of an anisotropy laying along the galactic plane which depends on the mass of primary cosmic-rays. The sensitivity to primary mass is provided by the depth of shower maximum, $X_\text{max}$, from hybrid events measured at the Pierre Auger Observatory. The 14 years of available data are split into on- and off-plane regions using the galactic latitude of each event to form two distributions in $X_\text{max}$, which are compared using the Anderson-Darling 2-samples test. A scan over a subset of the data is used to select an optimal threshold energy of $10^{18.7}$ eV and a galactic latitude splitting at $|b| = 30^\circ$, which are then set as a prescription for the remaining data. With these thresholds, the distribution of $X_\text{max}$ from the on-plane region is found to have a $9.1 \pm 1.6^{+2.1}_{-2.2}$ g/cm$^{2}$ shallower mean and a $5.9\pm2.1^{+3.5}_{-2.5}$ g/cm$^{2}$ narrower width than that of the off-plane region. These differences are as such to indicate that the mean mass of primary particles arriving from the on-plane region is greater than that of those coming from the off-plane region. Monte-Carlo studies yield a $4.4\,\sigma$ post-penalization statistical significance for the independent data. Including the scanned data results in a $4.9^{+1.4}_{-1.5}\,\sigma$ post-penalization statistical significance, where the uncertainties are of systematic origin. Accounting for systematic uncertainties leads to an indication for anisotropy in mass composition above $10^{18.7}$ eV at a confidence level of $3.3\,\sigma$. The anisotropy is observed independently at each of the four fluorescence telescope sites. Interpretations of possible causes of the observed effect are discussed.

Published
2022

25. A tau scenario application to a search for upward-going showers with the Fluorescence Detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory

Author

Pierre Auger Collaboration, Caracas, Ioana Alexandra, Abreu, Pedro, Aglietta, Marco, Albury, Justin M., Allekotte, Ingomar, Almela, Alejandro, Alvarez-Muniz, Jaime, Alves Batista, Rafael, Anastasi, Gioacchino Alex, Anchordoqui, Luis A., Andrada, Belén, Andringa, Sofia, Aramo, Carla, Araújo Ferreira, Paulo Ricardo, Arteaga Velazquez, Juan Carlos, Asorey, Hernán Gonzalo, Assis, Pedro, Avila, Gualberto, Badescu, Alina Mihaela, Bakalova, Alena, Balaceanu, Alexandru, Barbato, Felicia, Barreira Luz, Ricardo Jorge, Becker, Karl-Heinz, Bellido, Jose A., Berat, Corinne, Bertaina, Mario Edoardo, Bertou, Xavier, Biermann, Peter L., Binet, Virginia, Bismark, Kathrin, Bister, Teresa, Biteau, Jonathan, Blazek, Jiri, Bleve, Carla, Bohacova, Martina, boncioli, denise, Bonifazi, Carla, Bonneau Arbeletche, Luan, Borodai, Nataliia, Botti, Ana Martina, Brack, Jeffrey, Bretz, Thomas, Brichetto Orchera, P. Gabriel, Briechle, Florian Lukas, Buchholz, Peter, Bueno, Antonio, Buitink, Stijn, Buscemi, Mario, Büsken, Max, Caballero-Mora, Karen S., Caccianiga, Lorenzo, Canfora, Fabrizia, Caracas, Ioana, Carceller, Juan Miguel, Caruso, Rossella, Castellina, Antonella, Catalani, Fernando, Cataldi, Gabriella, Cazon, Lorenzo, Cerda, Marcos, Chinellato, Jose Augusto, Chudoba, Jiri, Chytka, Ladislav, Clay, Roger W., Cobos Cerutti, Agustín, Colalillo, Roberta, Coleman, Alan, Coluccia, Maria Rita, Conceição, Rúben, Condorelli, Antonio, Consolati, Giovanni, Contreras, Fernando, Convenga, Fabio, Correia dos Santos, Diego, Covault, Corbin, Dasso, Sergio, Daumiller, Kai, Dawson, Bruce R., Day, Jarryd A., Almeida, Rogerio M. de, Jesús, Joaquín de, Jong, Sijbrand J. de, De Mauro, Giuseppe, Mello Neto, João de, De Mitri, Ivan, Oliveira, Jaime de, Oliveira Franco, Danelise de, Palma, Francesco de, Souza, Vitor de, De Vito, Emanuele, Río, Mariano del, Deligny, Olivier, Deval, Luca, Matteo, Armando di, Dobrigkeit, Carola, D'Olivo, Juan Carlos, Domingues Mendes, Luis Miguel, Anjos, Rita dos, Santos, Diego dos, Dova, Maria Teresa, Ebr, Jan, Engel, Ralph, Epicoco, Italo, Erdmann, Martin, Escobar, Carlos O., Etchegoyen, Alberto, Falcke, Heino, Farmer, John, Farrar, Glennys R., Fauth, Anderson, Fazzini, Norberto, Feldbusch, Fridtjof, Fenu, Francesco, Fick, Brian, Figueira, Juan Manuel, Filipcic, Andrej, Fitoussi, Thomas, Fodran, Tomáš, Freire, Martín Miguel, Fujii, Toshihiro, Fuster, Alan, Galea, Cristina, Galelli, Claudio, García, Beatriz, García Vegas, Adrianna Luz, Gemmeke, Hartmut, Gesualdi, Flavia, Gherghel-Lascu, Alexandru, Ghia, Piera Luisa, GIACCARI, Ugo, Giammarchi, Marco, Glombitza, Jonas, Gobbi, Fabian, Gollan, Fernando, Golup, Geraldina, Gómez Berisso, Mariano, Gómez Vitale, Primo F., Gongora, Juan Pablo, González, Juan Manuel, Gonzalez, Nicolas Martin, Goos, Isabel, Gora, Dariusz, Gorgi, Alessio, Gottowik, Marvin, Grubb, Trent D., Guarino, Fausto, Guedes, Germano, Guido, Eleonora, Hahn, Steffen, Hamal, Petr, Hampel, Matías Rolf, Hansen, Patricia María, Harari, Diego, Harvey, Violet M., Haungs, Andreas, Hebbeker, Thomas, Heck, Dieter, Hill, Gary C., Hojvat, Carlos, Hörandel, Jörg, Horvath, Pavel, Hrabovsky, Miroslav, Huege, Tim, Insolia, Antonio, Isar, Paula Gina, Janecek, Petr, Johnsen, Jeffrey A., Juryšek, Jakub, Kääpä, Alex, Kampert, Karl-Heinz, Karastathis, Nikolaos, Keilhauer, Bianca, Kemp, Julian, Khakurdikar, Abha, Kizakke Covilakam, Varada Varma, Klages, Hans, Kleifges, Matthias, Kleinfeller, Jonny, Köpke, Marcel, Kunka, Norbert, Lago, Bruno L., Lang, Rodrigo Guedes, Langner, Niklas, Leigui de Oliveira, Marcelo Augusto, Lenok, Vladimir, Letessier-Selvon, Antoine, Lhenry-Yvon, Isabelle, Lo Presti, Domenico, LOPES, Luis, López, Rebeca, Lu, Lu, Luce, Quentin, Lundquist, Jon Paul, Machado Payeras, Allan, Mancarella, Giovanni, Mandat, Dusan, Manning, Bradley C., Manshanden, Julien, Mantsch, Paul, Marafico, Sullivan, Mariazzi, Analisa, Maris, Ioana Codrina, Marsella, Giovanni, Martello, Daniele, Martinelli, Sara, Martínez Bravo, Oscar, Mastrodicasa, Massimo, Mathes, Hermann-Josef, Matthews, James, Matthiae, Giorgio, Mayotte, Eric, Mazur, Peter, Medina-Tanco, Gustavo, Melo, Diego, Menshikov, Alexander, Merenda, Kevin-Druis, Michal, Stanislav, Micheletti, Maria Isabel, Miramonti, Lino, Mollerach, Silvia, Montanet, François, Morello, Carlo, Mostafa, Miguel, Müller, Ana L., Muller, Marcio Aparecido, Mulrey, Katharine, Mussa, Roberto, Muzio, Marco Stein, Namasaka, Wilson M., Nasr-Esfahani, Alina, Nellen, Lukas, Niculescu-Oglinzanu, Mihai, Niechciol, Marcus, Nitz, Dave, Nosek, Dalibor, Novotný, Vladimír, Nozka, Libor, Nucita, Achille, Nunez, Luis A., Palatka, Miroslav, Pallotta, Juan, Papenbreer, Philipp, Parente, Gonzalo, Parra, Alejandra, Pawlowsky, Jannis, Pech, Miroslav, Pedreira, Francisco, Pękala, Jan, Pelayo, Rodrigo, Peña-Rodríguez, Jesús, Pereira Martins, Edyvania Emily, Perez Armand, Johnnier, Pérez Bertolli, Carmina, Perlin, Matías, Perrone, Lorenzo, Petrera, Sergio, Pierog, Tanguy, Pimenta, Mário, Pirronello, Valerio, Platino, Manuel, Pont, Bjarni, Pothast, Mart, Privitera, Paolo, Prouza, Michael, Puyleart, Andrew, Querchfeld, Sven, Rautenberg, Julian, Ravignani, Diego, Reininghaus, Maximilian, Ridky, Jan, Riehn, Felix, Risse, Markus, Rizi, Vincenzo, Rodrigues de Carvalho, Washington, Rodriguez Rojo, Jorge Rubén, Roncoroni, Matías J., Rossoni, Simone, Roth, Markus, Roulet, Esteban, Rovero, Adrian, Ruehl, Philip, Saftoiu, Alexandra, Salamida, Francesco, Salazar, Humberto Ibarguen, Salina, Gaetano, Sanabria Gomez, Jose, Sánchez, Federico Andrés, Santos, Edivaldo Moura, Santos, Eva, Sarazin, Fred, Sarmento, Raul, Sarmiento-Cano, Christian, Sato, Ricardo, Savina, Pierpaolo, Schäfer, Christoph M., Scherini, Viviana, Schieler, Harald, Schimassek, Martin, Schimp, Michael, Schlüter, Felix, Schmidt, David, Scholten, Olaf, Schovanek, Petr, Schröder, Frank G., Schröder, Sonja, Schulte, Josina, Sciutto, Sergio, Scornavacche, Marina, Segreto, Alberto, Sehgal, Srijan, Shellard, Ronald C., Sigl, Guenter, Silli, Gaia, Sima, Octavian, Smida, Radomir, Sommers, Paul, Soriano, Jorge F., Souchard, Julien, Squartini, Ruben, Stadelmaier, Maximilian, Stanca, Denis, Stanič, Samo, Stasielak, Jaroslaw, Stassi, Patrick, Streich, Alexander, Suárez-Durán, Mauricio, Sudholz, Tristan, Suomijarvi, Tiina, Supanitsky, A. Daniel, Szadkowski, Zbigniew, Tapia, Alex, Taricco, Carla, Timmermans, Charles, Tkachenko, Olena, Tobiska, Petr, Todero Peixoto, Carlos J., Tomé, Bernardo, Torrès, Zoé, Travaini, Andres, Travnicek, Petr, Trimarelli, Caterina, Tueros, Matias, Ulrich, Ralf, Unger, Michael, Vaclavek, Lukáš, Vacula, Martin, Valdés Galicia, Jose F., Valore, Laura, Varela, Enrique, Vásquez-Ramírez, Adriana, Veberic, Darko, Ventura, Cynthia, Vergara Quispe, Indira D., Verzi, Valerio, Vicha, Jakub, Vink, Jacco, Vorobiov, Serguei, Wahlberg, Hernan, Watanabe, Clara Keiko Oliveira, Watson, Alan, Weber, Marc, Weindl, Andreas, Wiencke, Lawrence, Wilczyński, Henryk, Wirtz, Marcus, Wittkowski, David, Wundheiler, Brian, Yushkov, Alexey, Zapparrata, Orazio, Zas, Enrique, Zavrtanik, Danilo, Zavrtanik, Marko, and Zehrer, Lukas

Subjects
Pierre Auger Observatory, Physics, Astronomy, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Flux, Astrophysics, Spectral line, Path length, Experimental High Energy Physics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, High Energy Physics, ddc:620, Engineering & allied operations, Energy (signal processing), Intensity (heat transfer), Zenith
Abstract

Recent observations of two coherent radio pulses with the ANITA detector can be interpreted as steeply upward-going cosmic-ray showers with energies of a few tenths of an EeV and remain unexplained. The Pierre Auger Observatory has a large exposure to such upward propagating shower-like events, and has used 14 years of its Fluorescence Detector (FD) data to perform a generic search for such events with elevation angles greater than 20$^\circ$ from the horizon. Here this search is recast to constrain models generating high energy $\tau$-leptons. For maximal flexibility, only the propagation, decay, and interactions of $\tau$-leptons are treated in this analysis, meaning that the results are independent of the $\tau$-production scenario. This treatment allows for the application of these results to the wide range of models producing $\tau$-leptons that have been proposed to describe the "anomalous" ANITA events. The goal of this study is accomplished by generating $\tau$-leptons within the Earth and its atmosphere with an intensity dependent on the media density. The zenith angle, location and calorimetric energy of any resulting $\tau$-induced air showers are then used to calculate the exposure of the FD of the Pierre Auger Observatory to $\tau$ primaries. Differential limits as low as $10^{-9}$GeV s$^{-1}$cm$^{-2}$sr$^{-1}$ to the flux of $\tau$-leptons produced with less than a 50 km path length below the Earth's surface are reported for several zenith angle ranges and primary energy spectra. Full exposure and sensitivity information is provided, facilitating the application of these results to different $\tau$-lepton production models.

Published
2022

26. The upgrade of the Pierre Auger Observatory with the Scintillator Surface Detector

Author

Pierre Auger Collaboration, Cataldi, G., Abreu, Pedro, Aglietta, Marco, Albury, Justin M., Allekotte, Ingomar, Almela, Alejandro, Alvarez-Muniz, Jaime, Alves Batista, Rafael, Anastasi, Gioacchino Alex, Anchordoqui, Luis A., Andrada, Belén, Andringa, Sofia, Aramo, Carla, Araújo Ferreira, Paulo Ricardo, Arteaga Velazquez, Juan Carlos, Asorey, Hernán Gonzalo, Assis, Pedro, Avila, Gualberto, Badescu, Alina Mihaela, Bakalova, Alena, Balaceanu, Alexandru, Barbato, Felicia, Barreira Luz, Ricardo Jorge, Becker, Karl-Heinz, Bellido, Jose A., Berat, Corinne, Bertaina, Mario Edoardo, Bertou, Xavier, Biermann, Peter L., Binet, Virginia, Bismark, Kathrin, Bister, Teresa, Biteau, Jonathan, Blazek, Jiri, Bleve, Carla, Bohacova, Martina, boncioli, denise, Bonifazi, Carla, Bonneau Arbeletche, Luan, Borodai, Nataliia, Botti, Ana Martina, Brack, Jeffrey, Bretz, Thomas, Brichetto Orchera, P. Gabriel, Briechle, Florian Lukas, Buchholz, Peter, Bueno, Antonio, Buitink, Stijn, Buscemi, Mario, Büsken, Max, Caballero-Mora, Karen S., Caccianiga, Lorenzo, Canfora, Fabrizia, Caracas, Ioana, Carceller, Juan Miguel, Caruso, Rossella, Castellina, Antonella, Catalani, Fernando, Cataldi, Gabriella, Cazon, Lorenzo, Cerda, Marcos, Chinellato, Jose Augusto, Chudoba, Jiri, Chytka, Ladislav, Clay, Roger W., Cobos Cerutti, Agustín, Colalillo, Roberta, Coleman, Alan, Coluccia, Maria Rita, Conceição, Rúben, Condorelli, Antonio, Consolati, Giovanni, Contreras, Fernando, Convenga, Fabio, Correia dos Santos, Diego, Covault, Corbin, Dasso, Sergio, Daumiller, Kai, Dawson, Bruce R., Day, Jarryd A., Almeida, Rogerio M. de, Jesús, Joaquín de, Jong, Sijbrand J. de, De Mauro, Giuseppe, Mello Neto, João de, De Mitri, Ivan, Oliveira, Jaime de, Oliveira Franco, Danelise de, Palma, Francesco de, Souza, Vitor de, De Vito, Emanuele, Río, Mariano del, Deligny, Olivier, Deval, Luca, Matteo, Armando di, Dobrigkeit, Carola, D'Olivo, Juan Carlos, Domingues Mendes, Luis Miguel, Anjos, Rita dos, Santos, Diego dos, Dova, Maria Teresa, Ebr, Jan, Engel, Ralph, Epicoco, Italo, Erdmann, Martin, Escobar, Carlos O., Etchegoyen, Alberto, Falcke, Heino, Farmer, John, Farrar, Glennys R., Fauth, Anderson, Fazzini, Norberto, Feldbusch, Fridtjof, Fenu, Francesco, Fick, Brian, Figueira, Juan Manuel, Filipcic, Andrej, Fitoussi, Thomas, Fodran, Tomáš, Freire, Martín Miguel, Fujii, Toshihiro, Fuster, Alan, Galea, Cristina, Galelli, Claudio, García, Beatriz, García Vegas, Adrianna Luz, Gemmeke, Hartmut, Gesualdi, Flavia, Gherghel-Lascu, Alexandru, Ghia, Piera Luisa, GIACCARI, Ugo, Giammarchi, Marco, Glombitza, Jonas, Gobbi, Fabian, Gollan, Fernando, Golup, Geraldina, Gómez Berisso, Mariano, Gómez Vitale, Primo F., Gongora, Juan Pablo, González, Juan Manuel, Gonzalez, Nicolas Martin, Goos, Isabel, Gora, Dariusz, Gorgi, Alessio, Gottowik, Marvin, Grubb, Trent D., Guarino, Fausto, Guedes, Germano, Guido, Eleonora, Hahn, Steffen, Hamal, Petr, Hampel, Matías Rolf, Hansen, Patricia María, Harari, Diego, Harvey, Violet M., Haungs, Andreas, Hebbeker, Thomas, Heck, Dieter, Hill, Gary C., Hojvat, Carlos, Hörandel, Jörg, Horvath, Pavel, Hrabovsky, Miroslav, Huege, Tim, Insolia, Antonio, Isar, Paula Gina, Janecek, Petr, Johnsen, Jeffrey A., Juryšek, Jakub, Kääpä, Alex, Kampert, Karl-Heinz, Karastathis, Nikolaos, Keilhauer, Bianca, Kemp, Julian, Khakurdikar, Abha, Kizakke Covilakam, Varada Varma, Klages, Hans, Kleifges, Matthias, Kleinfeller, Jonny, Köpke, Marcel, Kunka, Norbert, Lago, Bruno L., Lang, Rodrigo Guedes, Langner, Niklas, Leigui de Oliveira, Marcelo Augusto, Lenok, Vladimir, Letessier-Selvon, Antoine, Lhenry-Yvon, Isabelle, Lo Presti, Domenico, LOPES, Luis, López, Rebeca, Lu, Lu, Luce, Quentin, Lundquist, Jon Paul, Machado Payeras, Allan, Mancarella, Giovanni, Mandat, Dusan, Manning, Bradley C., Manshanden, Julien, Mantsch, Paul, Marafico, Sullivan, Mariazzi, Analisa, Maris, Ioana Codrina, Marsella, Giovanni, Martello, Daniele, Martinelli, Sara, Martínez Bravo, Oscar, Mastrodicasa, Massimo, Mathes, Hermann-Josef, Matthews, James, Matthiae, Giorgio, Mayotte, Eric, Mazur, Peter, Medina-Tanco, Gustavo, Melo, Diego, Menshikov, Alexander, Merenda, Kevin-Druis, Michal, Stanislav, Micheletti, Maria Isabel, Miramonti, Lino, Mollerach, Silvia, Montanet, François, Morello, Carlo, Mostafa, Miguel, Müller, Ana L., Muller, Marcio Aparecido, Mulrey, Katharine, Mussa, Roberto, Muzio, Marco Stein, Namasaka, Wilson M., Nasr-Esfahani, Alina, Nellen, Lukas, Niculescu-Oglinzanu, Mihai, Niechciol, Marcus, Nitz, Dave, Nosek, Dalibor, Novotný, Vladimír, Nozka, Libor, Nucita, Achille, Nunez, Luis A., Palatka, Miroslav, Pallotta, Juan, Papenbreer, Philipp, Parente, Gonzalo, Parra, Alejandra, Pawlowsky, Jannis, Pech, Miroslav, Pedreira, Francisco, Pękala, Jan, Pelayo, Rodrigo, Peña-Rodríguez, Jesús, Pereira Martins, Edyvania Emily, Perez Armand, Johnnier, Pérez Bertolli, Carmina, Perlin, Matías, Perrone, Lorenzo, Petrera, Sergio, Pierog, Tanguy, Pimenta, Mário, Pirronello, Valerio, Platino, Manuel, Pont, Bjarni, Pothast, Mart, Privitera, Paolo, Prouza, Michael, Puyleart, Andrew, Querchfeld, Sven, Rautenberg, Julian, Ravignani, Diego, Reininghaus, Maximilian, Ridky, Jan, Riehn, Felix, Risse, Markus, Rizi, Vincenzo, Rodrigues de Carvalho, Washington, Rodriguez Rojo, Jorge Rubén, Roncoroni, Matías J., Rossoni, Simone, Roth, Markus, Roulet, Esteban, Rovero, Adrian, Ruehl, Philip, Saftoiu, Alexandra, Salamida, Francesco, Salazar, Humberto Ibarguen, Salina, Gaetano, Sanabria Gomez, Jose, Sánchez, Federico Andrés, Santos, Edivaldo Moura, Santos, Eva, Sarazin, Fred, Sarmento, Raul, Sarmiento-Cano, Christian, Sato, Ricardo, Savina, Pierpaolo, Schäfer, Christoph M., Scherini, Viviana, Schieler, Harald, Schimassek, Martin, Schimp, Michael, Schlüter, Felix, Schmidt, David, Scholten, Olaf, Schovanek, Petr, Schröder, Frank G., Schröder, Sonja, Schulte, Josina, Sciutto, Sergio, Scornavacche, Marina, Segreto, Alberto, Sehgal, Srijan, Shellard, Ronald C., Sigl, Guenter, Silli, Gaia, Sima, Octavian, Smida, Radomir, Sommers, Paul, Soriano, Jorge F., Souchard, Julien, Squartini, Ruben, Stadelmaier, Maximilian, Stanca, Denis, Stanič, Samo, Stasielak, Jaroslaw, Stassi, Patrick, Streich, Alexander, Suárez-Durán, Mauricio, Sudholz, Tristan, Suomijarvi, Tiina, Supanitsky, A. Daniel, Szadkowski, Zbigniew, Tapia, Alex, Taricco, Carla, Timmermans, Charles, Tkachenko, Olena, Tobiska, Petr, Todero Peixoto, Carlos J., Tomé, Bernardo, Torrès, Zoé, Travaini, Andres, Travnicek, Petr, Trimarelli, Caterina, Tueros, Matias, Ulrich, Ralf, Unger, Michael, Vaclavek, Lukáš, Vacula, Martin, Valdés Galicia, Jose F., Valore, Laura, Varela, Enrique, Vásquez-Ramírez, Adriana, Veberic, Darko, Ventura, Cynthia, Vergara Quispe, Indira D., Verzi, Valerio, Vicha, Jakub, Vink, Jacco, Vorobiov, Serguei, Wahlberg, Hernan, Watanabe, Clara Keiko Oliveira, Watson, Alan, Weber, Marc, Weindl, Andreas, Wiencke, Lawrence, Wilczyński, Henryk, Wirtz, Marcus, Wittkowski, David, Wundheiler, Brian, Yushkov, Alexey, Zapparrata, Orazio, Zas, Enrique, Zavrtanik, Danilo, Zavrtanik, Marko, and Zehrer, Lukas

Subjects
Pierre Auger Observatory, Photomultiplier, business.industry, Physics, Astronomy, Detector, Electrical engineering, Scintillator, Data acquisition, Upgrade, Observatory, Experimental High Energy Physics, ddc:530, Electronics, High Energy Physics, business
Abstract

Since its full commissioning in 2008, the Pierre Auger Observatory has consistently demonstrated its scientific productivity. A major upgrade of the Surface Detector array (SD) improves the capabilities of measuring the different components of extensive air showers. One of the elements of the upgrade consists of new Scintillator Surface Detectors (SSD) placed on top of the Water-Cherenkov stations of the SD. At the Observatory, the integration of the SSD components and their deployment in the array is well advanced. In this paper, the main challenges and characteristics of the construction and installation will be reviewed. Started in 2016, an Engineering Array of twelve upgraded stations has been taking data in the field. In March 2019, a preproduction array of 77 SSDs started data acquisition with an adapted version of non-upgraded electronics. It is collecting events and proving the goodness of SSD design. Since December 2020, the upgraded electronics boards are being deployed in the field together with the photomultiplier tubes, increasing the number of SSD detectors, which are taking data continuosly with good stability. In this paper, the-long term performance of a subset of stations acquiring data for more than two years will be discussed. The data collected so far demonstrate the quality of the new detectors and the physics potential of the upgrade project

Published
2022

27. Aerosol Measurements with the FRAM Telescope

Author

Ebr Jan, Blažek Jiří, Prouza Michael, Mandát Dušan, Pech Miroslav, Mašek Martin, Juryšek Jakub, Janeček Petr, Kubánek Petr, Eliášek Jiří, Jelínek Martin, and Ebrová Ivana

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

Precision stellar photometry using a telescope equipped with a CCD camera is an obvious way to measure the total aerosol content of the atmosphere as the apparent brightness of every star is affected by scattering. Achieving high precision in the vertical aerosol optical depth (at the level of 0.01) presents a series of interesting challenges. Using 3.5 years of data taken by the FRAM instrument at the Pierre Auger Observatory, we have developed a set of methods and tools to overcome most of these challenges. We use a wide-field camera and measure stars over a large span in airmass to eliminate the need for absolute calibration of the instrument. The main issues for data processing include camera calibration, source identification in curved field, catalog deficiencies, automated aperture photometry in rich fields with lens distortion and corrections for star color. In the next step, we model the airmass-dependence of the extinction and subtract the Rayleigh component of scattering, using laboratory measurements of spectral sensitivity of the device. In this contribution, we focus on the caveats and solutions found during the development of the methods, as well as several issues yet to be solved. Finally, future outlooks, such as the possibility for precision measurements of wavelength dependence of the extinction are discussed.

Published
2017
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28. A New Method for Aerosol Measurement Using Wide-field Photometry

Author

Ebr, Jan, primary, Karpov, Sergey, additional, Eliášek, Jiří, additional, Blažek, Jiří, additional, Cunniffe, Ronan, additional, Ebrová, Ivana, additional, Janeček, Petr, additional, Jelínek, Martin, additional, Juryšek, Jakub, additional, Mandát, Dušan, additional, Mašek, Martin, additional, Pech, Miroslav, additional, Prouza, Michael, additional, and Trávníček, Petr, additional

Published
2021
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29. Performance of the 433 m surface array of the Pierre Auger Observatory

Author

Pierre Auger Collaboration, Silli, Gaia, Abreu, Pedro, Aglietta, Marco, Albury, Justin M., Allekotte, Ingomar, Almela, Alejandro, Alvarez-Muniz, Jaime, Alves Batista, Rafael, Anastasi, Gioacchino Alex, Anchordoqui, Luis A., Andrada, Belén, Andringa, Sofia, Aramo, Carla, Araújo Ferreira, Paulo Ricardo, Arteaga Velazquez, Juan Carlos, Asorey, Hernán Gonzalo, Assis, Pedro, Avila, Gualberto, Badescu, Alina Mihaela, Bakalova, Alena, Balaceanu, Alexandru, Barbato, Felicia, Barreira Luz, Ricardo Jorge, Becker, Karl-Heinz, Bellido, Jose A., Berat, Corinne, Bertaina, Mario Edoardo, Bertou, Xavier, Biermann, Peter L., Binet, Virginia, Bismark, Kathrin, Bister, Terasa, Biteau, Jonathan, Blazek, Jiri, Bleve, Carla, Bohacova, Martina, Boncioli, Denise, Bonifazi, Carla, Bonneau Arbeletche, Luan, Borodai, Nataliia, Botti, Ana Martina, Brack, Jeffrey, Bretz, Thomas, Brichetto Orchera, P. Gabriel, Briechle, Florian Lukas, Buchholz, Peter, Bueno, Antonio, Buitink, Stijn, Buscemi, Mario, Büsken, Max, Caballero-Mora, Karen S., Caccianiga, Lorenzo, Canfora, Fabrizia, Caracas, Ioana, Carceller, Juan Miguel, Caruso, Rossella, Castellina, Antonella, Catalani, Fernando, Cataldi, Gabriella, Cazon, Lorenzo, Cerda, Marcos, Chinellato, Jose Augusto, Chudoba, Jiri, Chytka, Ladislav, Clay, Roger W., Cobos Cerutti, Agustín, Colalillo, Roberta, Coleman, Alan, Coluccia, Maria Rita, Conceição, Rúben, Condorelli, Antonio, Consolati, Giovanni, Contreras, Fernando, Convenga, Fabio, Correia dos Santos, Diego, Covault, Corbin, Dasso, Sergio, Daumiller, Kai, Dawson, Bruce R., Day, Jarryd A., Almeida, Rogerio M. de, Jesús, Joaquín de, Jong, Sijbrand J. de, De Mauro, Giuseppe, Mello Neto, João de, De Mitri, Ivan, Oliveira, Jaime de, Oliveira Franco, Danelise de, Palma, Francesco de, Souza, Vitor de, De Vito, Emanuele, Río, Mariano del, Deligny, Olivier, Deval, Luca, Matteo, Armando di, Dobrigkeit, Carola, D'Olivo, Juan Carlos, Domingues Mendes, Luis Miguel, Anjos, Rita dos, Santos, Diego dos, Dova, Maria Teresa, Ebr, Jan, Engel, Ralph, Epicoco, Italo, Erdmann, Martin, Escobar, Carlos O., Etchegoyen, Alberto, Falcke, Heino, Farmer, John, Farrar, Glennys R., Fauth, Anderson, Fazzini, Norberto, Feldbusch, Fridtjof, Fenu, Francesco, Fick, Brian, Figueira, Juan Manuel, Filipcic, Andrej, Fitoussi, Thomas, Fodran, Tomáš, Freire, Martín Miguel, Fujii, Toshihiro, Fuster, Alan, Galea, Cristina, Galelli, Claudio, García, Beatriz, García Vegas, Adrianna Luz, Gemmeke, Hartmut, Gesualdi, Flavia, Gherghel-Lascu, Alexandru, Ghia, Piera Luisa, Giaccari, Ugo, Giammarchi, Marco, Glombitza, Jonas, Gobbi, Fabian, Gollan, Fernando, Golup, Geraldina, Gómez Berisso, Mariano, Gómez Vitale, Primo F., Gongora, Juan Pablo, González, Juan Manuel, Gonzalez, Nicolas Martin, Goos, Isabel, Gora, Dariusz, Gorgi, Alessio, Gottowik, Marvin, Grubb, Trent D., Guarino, Fausto, Guedes, Germano, Guido, Eleonora, Hahn, Steffen, Hamal, Petr, Hampel, Matías Rolf, Hansen, Patricia María, Harari, Diego, Harvey, Violet M., Haungs, Andreas, Hebbeker, Thomas, Heck, Dieter, Hill, Gary C., Hojvat, Carlos, Hörandel, Jörg, Horvath, Pavel, Hrabovsky, Miroslav, Huege, Tim, Insolia, Antonio, Isar, Paula Gina, Janecek, Petr, Johnsen, Jeffrey A., Juryšek, Jakub, Kääpä, Alex, Kampert, Karl-Heinz, Karastathis, Nikolaos, Keilhauer, Bianca, Kemp, Julian, Khakurdikar, Abha, Kizakke Covilakam, Varada Varma, Klages, Hans, Kleifges, Matthias, Kleinfeller, Jonny, Köpke, Marcel, Kunka, Norbert, Lago, Bruno L., Lang, Rodrigo Guedes, Langner, Niklas, Leigui de Oliveira, Marcelo Augusto, Lenok, Vladimir, Letessier-Selvon, Antoine, Lhenry-Yvon, Isabelle, Lo Presti, Domenico, LOPES, Luis, López, Rebeca, Lu, Lu, Luce, Quentin, Lundquist, Jon Paul, Machado Payeras, Allan, Mancarella, Giovanni, Mandat, Dusan, Manning, Bradley C., Manshanden, Julien, Mantsch, Paul, Marafico, Sullivan, Mariazzi, Analisa, Maris, Ioana Codrina, Marsella, Giovanni, Martello, Daniele, Martinelli, Sara, Martínez Bravo, Oscar, Mastrodicasa, Massimo, Mathes, Hermann-Josef, Matthews, James, Matthiae, Giorgio, Mayotte, Eric, Mazur, Peter, Medina-Tanco, Gustavo, Melo, Diego, Menshikov, Alexander, Merenda, Kevin-Druis, Michal, Stanislav, Micheletti, Maria Isabel, Miramonti, Lino, Mollerach, Silvia, Montanet, François, Morello, Carlo, Mostafa, Miguel, Müller, Ana L., Muller, Marcio Aparecido, Mulrey, Katharine, Mussa, Roberto, Muzio, Marco Stein, Namasaka, Wilson M., Nasr-Esfahani, Alina, Nellen, Lukas, Niculescu-Oglinzanu, Mihai, Niechciol, Marcus, Nitz, Dave, Nosek, Dalibor, Novotný, Vladimír, Nozka, Libor, Nucita, Achille, Nunez, Luis A., Palatka, Miroslav, Pallotta, Juan, Papenbreer, Philipp, Parente, Gonzalo, Parra, Alejandra, Pawlowsky, Jannis, Pech, Miroslav, Pedreira, Francisco, Pękala, Jan, Pelayo, Rodrigo, Peña-Rodríguez, Jesús, Pereira Martins, Edyvania Emily, Perez Armand, Johnnier, Pérez Bertolli, Carmina, Perlin, Matías, Perrone, Lorenzo, Petrera, Sergio, Pierog, Tanguy, Pimenta, Mário, Pirronello, Valerio, Platino, Manuel, Pont, Bjarni, Pothast, Mart, Privitera, Paolo, Prouza, Michael, Puyleart, Andrew, Querchfeld, Sven, Rautenberg, Julian, Ravignani, Diego, Reininghaus, Maximilian, Ridky, Jan, Riehn, Felix, Risse, Markus, Rizi, Vincenzo, Rodrigues de Carvalho, Washington, Rodriguez Rojo, Jorge Rubén, Roncoroni, Matías J., Rossoni, Simone, Roth, Markus, Roulet, Esteban, Rovero, Adrian, Ruehl, Philip, Saffi, Steven J., Saftoiu, Alexandra, Salamida, Francesco, Salazar, Humberto Ibarguen, Salina, Gaetano, Sanabria Gomez, Jose, Sánchez, Federico Andrés, Santos, Edivaldo Moura, Santos, Eva, Sarazin, Fred, Sarmento, Raul, Sarmiento-Cano, Christian, Sato, Ricardo, Savina, Pierpaolo, Schäfer, Christoph M., Scherini, Viviana, Schieler, Harald, Schimassek, Martin, Schimp, Michael, Schlüter, Felix, Schmidt, David, Scholten, Olaf, Schovanek, Petr, Schröder, Frank G., Schröder, Sonja, Schulte, Josina, Sciutto, Sergio, Scornavacche, Marina, Segreto, Alberto, Sehgal, Srijan, Shellard, Ronald C., Sigl, Guenter, Sima, Octavian, Smida, Radomir, Sommers, Paul, Soriano, Jorge F., Souchard, Julien, Squartini, Ruben, Stadelmaier, Maximilian, Stanca, Denis, Stanič, Samo, Stasielak, Jaroslaw, Stassi, Patrick, Streich, Alexander, Suárez-Durán, Mauricio, Sudholz, Tristan, Suomijarvi, Tiina, Supanitsky, A. Daniel, Szadkowski, Zbigniew, Tapia, Alex, Taricco, Carla, Timmermans, Charles, Tkachenko, Olena, Tobiska, Petr, Todero Peixoto, Carlos J., Tomé, Bernardo, Torrès, Zoé, Travaini, Andres, Travnicek, Petr, Trimarelli, Caterina, Tueros, Matias, Ulrich, Ralf, Unger, Michael, Vaclavek, Lukáš, Vacula, Martin, Valdés Galicia, Jose F., Valore, Laura, Varela, Enrique, Vásquez-Ramírez, Adriana, Veberic, Darko, Ventura, Cynthia, Vergara Quispe, Indira D., Verzi, Valerio, Vicha, Jakub, Vink, Jacco, Vorobiov, Serguei, Wahlberg, Hernan, Watanabe Oliveira, Clara Keiko, Watson, Alan, Weber, Marc, Weindl, Andreas, Wiencke, Lawrence, Wilczyński, Henryk, Wirtz, Marcus, Wittkowski, David, Wundheiler, Brian, Yushkov, Alexey, Zapparrata, Orazio, Zas, Enrique, Zavrtanik, Danilo, Zavrtanik, Marko, and Zehrer, Lukas

Subjects
Physics, Pierre Auger Observatory, Photon, Astronomy, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Galactic Center, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Flux, Computational physics, Auger, Distribution function, Observatory, Experimental High Energy Physics, ddc:530, High Energy Physics, Energy (signal processing)
Abstract

The Pierre Auger Observatory, located in western Argentina, is the world's largest cosmic-ray observatory. While it was originally built to study the cosmic-ray flux above $10^{18.5}~$eV, several enhancements have reduced this energy threshold. One such enhancement is a surface array composed of a triangular grid of $19$ water-Cherenkov detectors separated by $433~$m (SD-433) to explore the energies down to about $10^{16}~$eV. We are developing two research lines employing the SD-433. Firstly, we will measure the energy spectrum in a region where previous experiments have shown evidence of the second knee. Secondly, we will search for ultra-high energy photons to study PeV cosmic-ray sources residing in the Galactic center. In this work, we introduce the SD-433 and we show that it is fully efficient above $5\times 10^{16}~$eV for hadronic primaries with $\theta < 45^\circ$. Using seven years of data, we present the parametrization of the lateral distribution function of measured signals. Finally, we show that an angular resolution of $1.8^\circ$ ($0.5^\circ$) can be attained at the lowest (highest) primary energies. Our study lays the goundmark for measurements in the energy range above $10^{16}~$eV by utilizing the SD-433 and thus expanding the scientific output of the Auger surface detector.

Published
2021

30. Pozorování zdrojů gama záření a kalibrace observatoře Cherenkov Telescope Array

Author

Juryšek, Jakub, Prouza, Michael, Moderski, Rafal, and Svoboda, Jiří

Subjects
Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Sluneční, Gamma-ray astronomy, gama astronomie, Sun, Aerosol Optical Depth, Atmosférické spršky, Cherenkov Telescope Array, Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Technique, Zobrazovací Atmosférická Čerenkovovská Technika, Moon Photometry, Aerosolová Optická Tlouška, Air showers, Měsíční fotometrie
Abstract

In this thesis, we present the Monte Carlo study of two prototypes of tele- scopes for the Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) observatory, followed by the first data analysis partially using our reconstruction pipeline based on Random Forests. The Monte Carlo model of the SST-1M prototype is created and val- idated by comparison with data. Using the precise Monte Carlo models, we evaluate the performance of the SST-1M and LST-1 prototypes, working so-far in mono-regime as standalone telescopes, resulting in their energy and angular resolution, and the differential sensitivity. We also present an analysis of the data from the first two Crab Nebula observation campaigns conducted with the LST-1 telescope. In the last part of the thesis, we present a study of aerosol optical depth of the atmosphere above both future sites of the CTA observa- tory, retrieved from photometric measurements of Sun/Moon photometers. We focus on the photometer in-situ calibration for nocturnal measurements and introduce corrections to minimize systematic shifts between diurnal and noc- turnal measurements. Using the developed methods, we present the aerosol characterization of both CTA sites based on the photometric data. 1

Published
2020

31. New developments in aerosol measurements using stellar photometry

Author

Pierre Auger Collaboration, Ebr, Jan, Juryšek, Jakub, Prouza, Michael, Blažek, Jiří, Trávníček, Petr, Mandát, Dušan, Pech, Miroslav, Janeček, Petr, Karpov, Sergey, Cunniffe, Ronan, Mašek, Martin, Eliášek, Jiří, Jelínek, Martin, Ebrová, Ivana, Valore, L., Colalillo, R., and Guarino, F.

Subjects
Pierre Auger Observatory, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), 010308 nuclear & particles physics, QC1-999, Physics, Linearity, FOS: Physical sciences, Cherenkov Telescope Array, 01 natural sciences, Aerosol, law.invention, Whole systems, Telescope, Photometry (astronomy), law, 0103 physical sciences, Calibration, ddc:530, 010306 general physics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Remote sensing
Abstract

The idea of using stellar photometry for atmospheric monitoring for optical experiments in high-energy astrophysics is seemingly straightforward, but reaching high precision of the order of 0.01 in the determination of the vertical aerosol optical depth (VAOD) has proven difficult. Wide-field photometry over a large span of altitudes allows a fast determination of VAOD independently of the absolute calibration of the system, while providing this calibration as a useful by-product. Using several years of data taken by the FRAM (F/(Ph)otometric Robotic Atmospheric Monitor) telescope at the Pierre Auger Observatory in Argentina and about a year of data taken by a similar instrument deployed at the planned future Southern site of the Cherenkov Telescope Array in Chile, we have developed methods to improve the precision of this measurement technique towards and possibly beyond the 0.01 mark. Detailed laboratory measurements of the response of the whole system to both the spectrum and intensity of incoming light have proven indispensable in this analysis as the usual assumption of linearity of the CCD detectors is not valid anymore for the conditions of the observations., Accepted for AtmoHEAD 2018 proceedings

Published
2019

32. New developments in aerosol measurements using stellar photometry

Author

Ebr, Jan, Juryšek, Jakub, Prouza, Michael, Blažek, Jiří, Trávníček, Petr, Mandát, Dušan, Pech, Miroslav, Janeček, Petr, Karpov, Sergey, Cunniffe, Ronan, Mašek, Martin, Eliášek, Jiří, Jelínek, Martin, Ebrová, Ivana, Valore, L. [Hrsg.], Colalillo, R. [Hrsg.], and Guarino, F. [Hrsg.]

Published
2019
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33. The search for roAp stars: null results and new candidates from Strömgren-Crawford photometry

Author

Paunzen, Ernst, primary, Handler, Gerald, additional, Hoňková, Kateřina, additional, Juryšek, Jakub, additional, Mašek, Martin, additional, Dróżdż, Marek, additional, Janík, Jan, additional, Ogłoza, Waldemar, additional, Hermansson, Lars, additional, Johansson, Mats, additional, Jelínek, Martin, additional, Skarka, Marek, additional, and Zejda, Miloslav, additional

Published
2018
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34. FRAM telescopes and their measurements of aerosol content at the Pierre Auger Observatory and at future sites of the Cherenkov Telescope Array.

Author

Valore, L., Colalillo, R., Guarino, F., Janeček, Petr, Ebr, Jan, Juryšek, Jakub, Prouza, Michael, Blažek, Jiří, Trávníček, Petr, Mandát, Dušan, Pech, Miroslav, Karpov, Sergey, Cunniffe, Ronan, Mašek, Martin, Jelínek, Martin, and Ebrová, Ivana

Subjects
ATMOSPHERIC aerosols, TELESCOPES, ATMOSPHERIC transparency, STELLAR photometry, ULTRA-high energy cosmic rays, OPTICAL depth (Astrophysics)
Abstract

A FRAM (F/(Ph)otometric Robotic Atmospheric Monitor) telescope is a system of a robotic mount, a large-format CCD camera and a fast telephoto lens that can be used for atmospheric monitoring at any site when information about the atmospheric transparency is required with high spatial or temporal resolution and where continuous use of laser-based methods for this purpose would interfere with other observations. The original FRAM has been operated at the Pierre Auger Observatory in Argentina for more than a decade, while three more FRAMs are foreseen to be used by the Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA). The CTA FRAMs are being deployed ahead of time to characterize the properties of the sites prior to the operation of the CTA telescopes; one FRAM has been running on the planned future CTA site in Chile for a year while two others are expected to become operational before the end of 2018. We report on the hardware and current status of operation and/or deployment of all the FRAM instruments in question as well as on some of the preliminary results of integral aerosol measurements by the FRAMs in Argentina and Chile. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019

35. New developments in aerosol measurements using stellar photometry.

Author

Valore, L., Colalillo, R., Guarino, F., Ebr, Jan, Juryšek, Jakub, Prouza, Michael, Blažek, Jiří, Trávníček, Petr, Mandát, Dušan, Pech, Miroslav, Janeček, Petr, Karpov, Sergey, Cunniffe, Ronan, Mašek, Martin, Eliášek, Jiří, Jelínek, Martin, and Ebrová, Ivana

Subjects
ATMOSPHERIC aerosols, STELLAR photometry, ASTROPHYSICS, OPTICAL depth (Astrophysics), TELESCOPES
Abstract

The idea of using stellar photometry for atmospheric monitoring for optical experiments in highenergy astrophysics is seemingly straightforward, but reaching high precision of the order of 0.01 in the determination of the vertical aerosol optical depth (VAOD) has proven difficult. Wide-field photometry over a large span of altitudes allows a fast determination of VAOD independently of the absolute calibration of the system, while providing this calibration as a useful by-product. Using several years of data taken by the FRAM (F/(Ph)otometric Robotic Atmospheric Monitor) telescope at the Pierre Auger Observatory in Argentina and about a year of data taken by a similar instrument deployed at the planned future Southern site of the Cherenkov Telescope Array in Chile, we have developed methods to improve the precision of this measurement technique towards and possibly beyond the 0.01 mark. Detailed laboratory measurements of the response of the whole system to both the spectrum and intensity of incoming light have proven indispensable in this analysis as the usual assumption of linearity of the CCD detectors is not valid anymore for the conditions of the observations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019

36. Studium změn sklonu u zákrytových dvojhvězd

Author

Juryšek, Jakub, Zasche, Petr, and Brož, Miroslav

Subjects
Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Zákrytová dvojhvězda - vícenásobné systémy - fotometrie - světelná křivka - dynamická interakce, Eclipsing binaries - multiple systems - photometry - light curve - dynamical interaction, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics
Abstract

This thesis deals with the study of the eclipsing binaries with inclination changes, caused by orbital precession due to third body in the system. Methods of semiauthomatic detection of the inclination changing eclipsing binaries among huge lightcurves databases have been developed. These methods have been applied to the ASAS-3 and OGLE III LMC databases. As a result, 39 new systems suspected of orbital precession have been found and 33 of them are situated in the Large Magellanic Cloud, with only one previously studied system. Increasing the number of known multiple systems especially those located outside Milky Way allows to study inter-galactic differences in star formation. In this work, we bring detailed study of ten new systems and restrictions on the third body parameters are presented. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

Published
2016

39. Large-scale and multipolar anisotropies of cosmic rays detected at the Pierre Auger Observatory with energies above 4 EeV

Author

Pierre Auger Collaboration, Almeida, Rogerio de, Abreu, Pedro, Aglietta, Marco, Albury, Justin M., Allekotte, Ingomar, Almela, Alejandro, Alvarez-Muniz, Jaime, Alves Batista, Rafael, Anastasi, Gioacchino Alex, Anchordoqui, Luis A., Andrada, Belén, Andringa, Sofia, Aramo, Carla, Araújo Ferreira, Paulo Ricardo, Arteaga Velazquez, Juan Carlos, Asorey, Hernán Gonzalo, Assis, Pedro, Avila, Gualberto, Badescu, Alina Mihaela, Bakalova, Alena, Balaceanu, Alexandru, Barbato, Felicia, Barreira Luz, Ricardo Jorge, Becker, Karl-Heinz, Bellido, Jose A., Berat, Corinne, Bertaina, Mario Edoardo, Bertou, Xavier, Biermann, Peter L., Binet, Virginia, Bismark, Kathrin, Bister, Teresa, Biteau, Jonathan, Blazek, Jiri, Bleve, Carla, Bohacova, Martina, boncioli, denise, Bonifazi, Carla, Bonneau Arbeletche, Luan, Borodai, Nataliia, Botti, Ana Martina, Brack, Jeffrey, Bretz, Thomas, Brichetto Orchera, P. Gabriel, Briechle, Florian Lukas, Buchholz, Peter, Bueno, Antonio, Buitink, Stijn, Buscemi, Mario, Büsken, Max, Caballero-Mora, Karen S., Caccianiga, Lorenzo, Canfora, Fabrizia, Caracas, Ioana, Carceller, Juan Miguel, Caruso, Rossella, Castellina, Antonella, Catalani, Fernando, Cataldi, Gabriella, Cazon, Lorenzo, Cerda, Marcos, Chinellato, Jose Augusto, Chudoba, Jiri, Chytka, Ladislav, Clay, Roger W., Cobos Cerutti, Agustín, Colalillo, Roberta, Coleman, Alan, Coluccia, Maria Rita, Conceição, Rúben, Condorelli, Antonio, Consolati, Giovanni, Contreras, Fernando, Convenga, Fabio, Correia dos Santos, Diego, Covault, Corbin, Dasso, Sergio, Daumiller, Kai, Dawson, Bruce R., Day, Jarryd A., Almeida, Rogerio M. de, Jesús, Joaquín de, Jong, Sijbrand J. de, De Mauro, Giuseppe, Mello Neto, João de, De Mitri, Ivan, Oliveira, Jaime de, Oliveira Franco, Danelise de, Palma, Francesco de, Souza, Vitor de, De Vito, Emanuele, Río, Mariano del, Deligny, Olivier, Deval, Luca, Matteo, Armando di, Dobrigkeit, Carola, D'Olivo, Juan Carlos, Domingues Mendes, Luis Miguel, Anjos, Rita dos, Santos, Diego dos, Dova, Maria Teresa, Ebr, Jan, Engel, Ralph, Epicoco, Italo, Erdmann, Martin, Escobar, Carlos O., Etchegoyen, Alberto, Falcke, Heino, Farmer, John, Farrar, Glennys R., Fauth, Anderson, Fazzini, Norberto, Feldbusch, Fridtjof, Fenu, Francesco, Fick, Brian, Figueira, Juan Manuel, Filipcic, Andrej, Fitoussi, Thomas, Fodran, Tomáš, Freire, Martín Miguel, Fujii, Toshihiro, Fuster, Alan, Galea, Cristina, Galelli, Claudio, García, Beatriz, García Vegas, Adrianna Luz, Gemmeke, Hartmut, Gesualdi, Flavia, Gherghel-Lascu, Alexandru, Ghia, Piera Luisa, GIACCARI, Ugo, Giammarchi, Marco, Glombitza, Jonas, Gobbi, Fabian, Gollan, Fernando, Golup, Geraldina, Gómez Berisso, Mariano, Gómez Vitale, Primo F., Gongora, Juan Pablo, González, Juan Manuel, Gonzalez, Nicolas Martin, Goos, Isabel, Gora, Dariusz, Gorgi, Alessio, Gottowik, Marvin, Grubb, Trent D., Guarino, Fausto, Guedes, Germano, Guido, Eleonora, Hahn, Steffen, Hamal, Petr, Hampel, Matías Rolf, Hansen, Patricia María, Harari, Diego, Harvey, Violet M., Haungs, Andreas, Hebbeker, Thomas, Heck, Dieter, Hill, Gary C., Hojvat, Carlos, Hörandel, Jörg, Horvath, Pavel, Hrabovsky, Miroslav, Huege, Tim, Insolia, Antonio, Isar, Paula Gina, Janecek, Petr, Johnsen, Jeffrey A., Juryšek, Jakub, Kääpä, Alex, Kampert, Karl-Heinz, Karastathis, Nikolaos, Keilhauer, Bianca, Kemp, Julian, Khakurdikar, Abha, Kizakke Covilakam, Varada Varma, Klages, Hans, Kleifges, Matthias, Kleinfeller, Jonny, Köpke, Marcel, Kunka, Norbert, Lago, Bruno L., Lang, Rodrigo Guedes, Langner, Niklas, Leigui de Oliveira, Marcelo Augusto, Lenok, Vladimir, Letessier-Selvon, Antoine, Lhenry-Yvon, Isabelle, Lo Presti, Domenico, LOPES, Luis, López, Rebeca, Lu, Lu, Luce, Quentin, Lundquist, Jon Paul, Machado Payeras, Allan, Mancarella, Giovanni, Mandat, Dusan, Manning, Bradley C., Manshanden, Julien, Mantsch, Paul, Marafico, Sullivan, Mariazzi, Analisa, Maris, Ioana Codrina, Marsella, Giovanni, Martello, Daniele, Martinelli, Sara, Martínez Bravo, Oscar, Mastrodicasa, Massimo, Mathes, Hermann-Josef, Matthews, James, Matthiae, Giorgio, Mayotte, Eric, Mazur, Peter, Medina-Tanco, Gustavo, Melo, Diego, Menshikov, Alexander, Merenda, Kevin-Druis, Michal, Stanislav, Micheletti, Maria Isabel, Miramonti, Lino, Mollerach, Silvia, Montanet, François, Morello, Carlo, Mostafa, Miguel, Müller, Ana L., Muller, Marcio Aparecido, Mulrey, Katharine, Mussa, Roberto, Muzio, Marco Stein, Namasaka, Wilson M., Nasr-Esfahani, Alina, Nellen, Lukas, Niculescu-Oglinzanu, Mihai, Niechciol, Marcus, Nitz, Dave, Nosek, Dalibor, Novotný, Vladimír, Nozka, Libor, Nucita, Achille, Nunez, Luis A., Palatka, Miroslav, Pallotta, Juan, Papenbreer, Philipp, Parente, Gonzalo, Parra, Alejandra, Pawlowsky, Jannis, Pech, Miroslav, Pedreira, Francisco, Pękala, Jan, Pelayo, Rodrigo, Peña-Rodríguez, Jesús, Pereira Martins, Edyvania Emily, Perez Armand, Johnnier, Pérez Bertolli, Carmina, Perlin, Matías, Perrone, Lorenzo, Petrera, Sergio, Pierog, Tanguy, Pimenta, Mário, Pirronello, Valerio, Platino, Manuel, Pont, Bjarni, Pothast, Mart, Privitera, Paolo, Prouza, Michael, Puyleart, Andrew, Querchfeld, Sven, Rautenberg, Julian, Ravignani, Diego, Reininghaus, Maximilian, Ridky, Jan, Riehn, Felix, Risse, Markus, Rizi, Vincenzo, Rodrigues de Carvalho, Washington, Rodriguez Rojo, Jorge Rubén, Roncoroni, Matías J., Rossoni, Simone, Roth, Markus, Roulet, Esteban, Rovero, Adrian, Ruehl, Philip, Saftoiu, Alexandra, Salamida, Francesco, Salazar, Humberto Ibarguen, Salina, Gaetano, Sanabria Gomez, Jose, Sánchez, Federico Andrés, Santos, Edivaldo Moura, Santos, Eva, Sarazin, Fred, Sarmento, Raul, Sarmiento-Cano, Christian, Sato, Ricardo, Savina, Pierpaolo, Schäfer, Christoph M., Scherini, Viviana, Schieler, Harald, Schimassek, Martin, Schimp, Michael, Schlüter, Felix, Schmidt, David, Scholten, Olaf, Schovanek, Petr, Schröder, Frank G., Schröder, Sonja, Schulte, Josina, Sciutto, Sergio, Scornavacche, Marina, Segreto, Alberto, Sehgal, Srijan, Shellard, Ronald C., Sigl, Guenter, Silli, Gaia, Sima, Octavian, Smida, Radomir, Sommers, Paul, Soriano, Jorge F., Souchard, Julien, Squartini, Ruben, Stadelmaier, Maximilian, Stanca, Denis, Stanič, Samo, Stasielak, Jaroslaw, Stassi, Patrick, Streich, Alexander, Suárez-Durán, Mauricio, Sudholz, Tristan, Suomijarvi, Tiina, Supanitsky, A. Daniel, Szadkowski, Zbigniew, Tapia, Alex, Taricco, Carla, Timmermans, Charles, Tkachenko, Olena, Tobiska, Petr, Todero Peixoto, Carlos J., Tomé, Bernardo, Torrès, Zoé, Travaini, Andres, Travnicek, Petr, Trimarelli, Caterina, Tueros, Matias, Ulrich, Ralf, Unger, Michael, Vaclavek, Lukáš, Vacula, Martin, Valdés Galicia, Jose F., Valore, Laura, Varela, Enrique, Vásquez-Ramírez, Adriana, Veberic, Darko, Ventura, Cynthia, Vergara Quispe, Indira D., Verzi, Valerio, Vicha, Jakub, Vink, Jacco, Vorobiov, Serguei, Wahlberg, Hernan, Watanabe, Clara Keiko Oliveira, Watson, Alan, Weber, Marc, Weindl, Andreas, Wiencke, Lawrence, Wilczyński, Henryk, Wirtz, Marcus, Wittkowski, David, Wundheiler, Brian, Yushkov, Alexey, Zapparrata, Orazio, Zas, Enrique, Zavrtanik, Danilo, Zavrtanik, Marko, and Zehrer, Lukas

Subjects
Physics, Pierre Auger Observatory, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, media_common.quotation_subject, Astronomy, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Spectral density, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics, Azimuth, Sky, Observatory, Experimental High Energy Physics, ddc:530, High Energy Physics, Right ascension, Zenith, media_common
Abstract

More than half a century after the discovery of ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECRs), their origin is still an open question. The study of anisotropies in the arrival directions of such particles is an essential ingredient to solve this puzzle. We update our previous analysis of large-scale anisotropies observed by the Pierre Auger Observatory using the latest data collected before the AugerPrime upgrade. We select events with zenith angles up to 80 degrees, implying a sky coverage of 85$\%$, and energies above 4 EeV, for which the surface detector of the Observatory is fully efficient. Dipolar and quadrupolar amplitudes are evaluated through a combined Fourier analysis of the event count rate in right ascension and azimuth. The analysis is performed in three energy bins with boundaries at 4, 8, 16 and 32 EeV and two additional cumulative bins with energies above 8 and 32 EeV. The most significant signal is a dipolar modulation in right ascension for energies above 8 EeV, as previously reported, with statistical significance of $6.6\sigma$. Additionally, we report the measurements of the angular power spectrum for the same energy bins with the same dataset.

40. First results from the AugerPrime Radio Detector

Author

Collaboration, Pierre Auger, Fodran, Tomáš, Abreu, Pedro, Aglietta, Marco, Albury, Justin M., Allekotte, Ingomar, Almela, Alejandro, Alvarez-Muniz, Jaime, Alves Batista, Rafael, Anastasi, Gioacchino Alex, Anchordoqui, Luis A., Andrada, Belén, Andringa, Sofia, Aramo, Carla, Araújo Ferreira, Paulo Ricardo, Arteaga Velazquez, Juan Carlos, Asorey, Hernán Gonzalo, Assis, Pedro, Avila, Gualberto, Badescu, Alina Mihaela, Bakalova, Alena, Balaceanu, Alexandru, Barbato, Felicia, Barreira Luz, Ricardo Jorge, Becker, Karl-Heinz, Bellido, Jose A., Berat, Corinne, Bertaina, Mario Edoardo, Bertou, Xavier, Biermann, Peter L., Binet, Virginia, Bismark, Kathrin, Bister, Teresa, Biteau, Jonathan, Blazek, Jiri, Bleve, Carla, Bohacova, Martina, Boncioli, Denise, Bonifazi, Carla, Bonneau Arbeletche, Luan, Borodai, Nataliia, Botti, Ana Martina, Brack, Jeffrey, Bretz, Thomas, Brichetto Orchera, P. Gabriel, Briechle, Florian Lukas, Buchholz, Peter, Bueno, Antonio, Buitink, Stijn, Buscemi, Mario, Büsken, Max, Caballero-Mora, Karen S., Caccianiga, Lorenzo, Canfora, Fabrizia, Caracas, Ioana, Carceller, Juan Miguel, Caruso, Rossella, Castellina, Antonella, Catalani, Fernando, Cataldi, Gabriella, Cazon, Lorenzo, Cerda, Marcos, Chinellato, Jose Augusto, Chudoba, Jiri, Chytka, Ladislav, Clay, Roger W., Cobos Cerutti, Agustín, Colalillo, Roberta, Coleman, Alan, Coluccia, Maria Rita, Conceição, Rúben, Condorelli, Antonio, Consolati, Giovanni, Contreras, Fernando, Convenga, Fabio, Correia Dos Santos, Diego, Covault, Corbin, Dasso, Sergio, Daumiller, Kai, Dawson, Bruce R., Day, Jarryd A., Almeida, Rogerio M. De, Jesús, Joaquín De, Jong, Sijbrand J. De, De Mauro, Giuseppe, Mello Neto, João De, De Mitri, Ivan, Oliveira, Jaime De, Oliveira Franco, Danelise De, Palma, Francesco De, Souza, Vitor De, De Vito, Emanuele, Río, Mariano Del, Deligny, Olivier, Deval, Luca, Matteo, Armando Di, Dobrigkeit, Carola, D'Olivo, Juan Carlos, Domingues Mendes, Luis Miguel, Anjos, Rita Dos, Santos, Diego Dos, Dova, Maria Teresa, Ebr, Jan, Engel, Ralph, Epicoco, Italo, Erdmann, Martin, Escobar, Carlos O., Etchegoyen, Alberto, Falcke, Heino, Farmer, John, Farrar, Glennys R., Fauth, Anderson, Fazzini, Norberto, Feldbusch, Fridtjof, Fenu, Francesco, Fick, Brian, Figueira, Juan Manuel, Filipcic, Andrej, Fitoussi, Thomas, Freire, Martín Miguel, Fujii, Toshihiro, Fuster, Alan, Galea, Cristina, Galelli, Claudio, García, Beatriz, García Vegas, Adrianna Luz, Gemmeke, Hartmut, Gesualdi, Flavia, Gherghel-Lascu, Alexandru, Ghia, Piera Luisa, GIACCARI, Ugo, Giammarchi, Marco, Glombitza, Jonas, Gobbi, Fabian, Gollan, Fernando, Golup, Geraldina, Gómez Berisso, Mariano, Gómez Vitale, Primo F., Gongora, Juan Pablo, González, Juan Manuel, Gonzalez, Nicolas Martin, Goos, Isabel, Gora, Dariusz, Gorgi, Alessio, Gottowik, Marvin, Grubb, Trent D., Guarino, Fausto, Guedes, Germano, Guido, Eleonora, Hahn, Steffen, Hamal, Petr, Hampel, Matías Rolf, Hansen, Patricia María, Harari, Diego, Harvey, Violet M., Haungs, Andreas, Hebbeker, Thomas, Heck, Dieter, Hill, Gary C., Hojvat, Carlos, Hörandel, Jörg, Horvath, Pavel, Hrabovsky, Miroslav, Huege, Tim, Insolia, Antonio, Isar, Paula Gina, Janecek, Petr, Johnsen, Jeffrey A., Juryšek, Jakub, Kääpä, Alex, Kampert, Karl-Heinz, Karastathis, Nikolaos, Keilhauer, Bianca, Kemp, Julian, Khakurdikar, Abha, Kizakke Covilakam, Varada Varma, Klages, Hans, Kleifges, Matthias, Kleinfeller, Jonny, Köpke, Marcel, Kunka, Norbert, Lago, Bruno L., Lang, Rodrigo Guedes, Langner, Niklas, Leigui De Oliveira, Marcelo Augusto, Lenok, Vladimir, Letessier-Selvon, Antoine, Lhenry-Yvon, Isabelle, Lo Presti, Domenico, LOPES, Luis, López, Rebeca, Lu, Lu, Luce, Quentin, Lundquist, Jon Paul, Machado Payeras, Allan, Mancarella, Giovanni, Mandat, Dusan, Manning, Bradley C., Manshanden, Julien, Mantsch, Paul, Marafico, Sullivan, Mariazzi, Analisa, Maris, Ioana Codrina, Marsella, Giovanni, Martello, Daniele, Martinelli, Sara, Martínez Bravo, Oscar, Mastrodicasa, Massimo, Mathes, Hermann-Josef, Matthews, James, Matthiae, Giorgio, Mayotte, Eric, Mazur, Peter, Medina-Tanco, Gustavo, Melo, Diego, Menshikov, Alexander, Merenda, Kevin-Druis, Michal, Stanislav, Micheletti, Maria Isabel, Miramonti, Lino, Mollerach, Silvia, Montanet, François, Morello, Carlo, Mostafa, Miguel, Müller, Ana L., Muller, Marcio Aparecido, Mulrey, Katharine, Mussa, Roberto, Muzio, Marco Stein, Namasaka, Wilson M., Nasr-Esfahani, Alina, Nellen, Lukas, Niculescu-Oglinzanu, Mihai, Niechciol, Marcus, Nitz, Dave, Nosek, Dalibor, Novotný, Vladimír, Nozka, Libor, Nucita, Achille, Nunez, Luis A., Palatka, Miroslav, Pallotta, Juan, Papenbreer, Philipp, Parente, Gonzalo, Parra, Alejandra, Pawlowsky, Jannis, Pech, Miroslav, Pedreira, Francisco, Pękala, Jan, Pelayo, Rodrigo, Peña-Rodríguez, Jesús, Pereira Martins, Edyvania Emily, Perez Armand, Johnnier, Pérez Bertolli, Carmina, Perlin, Matías, Perrone, Lorenzo, Petrera, Sergio, Pierog, Tanguy, Pimenta, Mário, Pirronello, Valerio, Platino, Manuel, Pont, Bjarni, Pothast, Mart, Privitera, Paolo, Prouza, Michael, Puyleart, Andrew, Querchfeld, Sven, Rautenberg, Julian, Ravignani, Diego, Reininghaus, Maximilian, Ridky, Jan, Riehn, Felix, Risse, Markus, Rizi, Vincenzo, Rodrigues De Carvalho, Washington, Rodriguez Rojo, Jorge Rubén, Roncoroni, Matías J., Rossoni, Simone, Roth, Markus, Roulet, Esteban, Rovero, Adrian, Ruehl, Philip, Saftoiu, Alexandra, Salamida, Francesco, Salazar, Humberto Ibarguen, Salina, Gaetano, Sanabria Gomez, Jose, Sánchez, Federico Andrés, Santos, Edivaldo Moura, Santos, Eva, Sarazin, Fred, Sarmento, Raul, Sarmiento-Cano, Christian, Sato, Ricardo, Savina, Pierpaolo, Schäfer, Christoph M., Scherini, Viviana, Schieler, Harald, Schimassek, Martin, Schimp, Michael, Schlüter, Felix, Schmidt, David, Scholten, Olaf, Schovanek, Petr, Schröder, Frank G., Schröder, Sonja, Schulte, Josina, Sciutto, Sergio, Scornavacche, Marina, Segreto, Alberto, Sehgal, Srijan, Shellard, Ronald C., Sigl, Guenter, Silli, Gaia, Sima, Octavian, Smida, Radomir, Sommers, Paul, Soriano, Jorge F., Souchard, Julien, Squartini, Ruben, Stadelmaier, Maximilian, Stanca, Denis, Stanič, Samo, Stasielak, Jaroslaw, Stassi, Patrick, Streich, Alexander, Suárez-Durán, Mauricio, Sudholz, Tristan, Suomijarvi, Tiina, Supanitsky, A. Daniel, Szadkowski, Zbigniew, Tapia, Alex, Taricco, Carla, Timmermans, Charles, Tkachenko, Olena, Tobiska, Petr, Todero Peixoto, Carlos J., Tomé, Bernardo, Torrès, Zoé, Travaini, Andres, Travnicek, Petr, Trimarelli, Caterina, Tueros, Matias, Ulrich, Ralf, Unger, Michael, Vaclavek, Lukáš, Vacula, Martin, Valdés Galicia, Jose F., Valore, Laura, Varela, Enrique, Vásquez-Ramírez, Adriana, Veberic, Darko, Ventura, Cynthia, Vergara Quispe, Indira D., Verzi, Valerio, Vicha, Jakub, Vink, Jacco, Vorobiov, Serguei, Wahlberg, Hernan, Watanabe, Clara Keiko Oliveira, Watson, Alan, Weber, Marc, Weindl, Andreas, Wiencke, Lawrence, Wilczyński, Henryk, Wirtz, Marcus, Wittkowski, David, Wundheiler, Brian, Yushkov, Alexey, Zapparrata, Orazio, Zas, Enrique, Zavrtanik, Danilo, Zavrtanik, Marko, and Zehrer, Lukas

Subjects
7. Clean energy
Abstract

The Pierre Auger Observatory investigates the properties of the highest energy cosmic rays with unprecedented precision. The aim of the AugerPrime upgrade is to improve the sensitivity to the primary particle type. The improved mass sensitivity is the key to exploring the origin of the highest-energy particles in the Universe. The purpose of the Radio Detector (as part of AugerPrime) is to extend the sensitivity of the mass measurements to zenith angles in the range from 65° to 85°. A radio antenna, sensitive in two polarization directions and covering a bandwidth from 30 to 80 MHz, will be added to each of the 1661 surface detector stations over the full 3000 km2 area, forming the world’s largest radio array for the detection of cosmic particles. Since November 2019, an engineering array comprised of ten stations has been installed in the field. The radio antennas are calibrated using the Galactic (diffuse) emission. The sidereal modulation of this signal is monitored continuously and is used to obtain an end-to-end calibration from the receiving antenna to the ADC in the read-out electronics. The calibration method and first results will be presented. The engineering array is also fully integrated in the data acquisition of the Observatory and records air showers regularly. The first air showers detected simultaneously with the water-Cherenkov detectors and the Radio Detectors will be presented. Simulations of the detected showers, based on the reconstructed quantities, have been conducted with CORSIKA/CoREAS. A comparison of the measured radio signals with those predicted by simulations exhibits satisfying agreement.

41. Monte Carlo simulations for the Pierre Auger Observatory using the VO auger grid resources

Author

Pierre Auger Collaboration, Santos, Eva, Abreu, Pedro, Aglietta, Marco, Albury, Justin M., Allekotte, Ingomar, Almela, Alejandro, Alvarez-Muniz, Jaime, Alves Batista, Rafael, Anastasi, Gioacchino Alex, Anchordoqui, Luis A., Andrada, Belén, Andringa, Sofia, Aramo, Carla, Araújo Ferreira, Paulo Ricardo, Arteaga Velazquez, Juan Carlos, Asorey, Hernán Gonzalo, Assis, Pedro, Avila, Gualberto, Badescu, Alina Mihaela, Bakalova, Alena, Balaceanu, Alexandru, Barbato, Felicia, Barreira Luz, Ricardo Jorge, Becker, Karl-Heinz, Bellido, Jose A., Berat, Corinne, Bertaina, Mario Edoardo, Bertou, Xavier, Biermann, Peter L., Binet, Virginia, Bismark, Kathrin, Bister, Teresa, Biteau, Jonathan, Blazek, Jiri, Bleve, Carla, Bohacova, Martina, boncioli, denise, Bonifazi, Carla, Bonneau Arbeletche, Luan, Borodai, Nataliia, Botti, Ana Martina, Brack, Jeffrey, Bretz, Thomas, Brichetto Orchera, P. Gabriel, Briechle, Florian Lukas, Buchholz, Peter, Bueno, Antonio, Buitink, Stijn, Buscemi, Mario, Büsken, Max, Caballero-Mora, Karen S., Caccianiga, Lorenzo, Canfora, Fabrizia, Caracas, Ioana, Carceller, Juan Miguel, Caruso, Rossella, Castellina, Antonella, Catalani, Fernando, Cataldi, Gabriella, Cazon, Lorenzo, Cerda, Marcos, Chinellato, Jose Augusto, Chudoba, Jiri, Chytka, Ladislav, Clay, Roger W., Cobos Cerutti, Agustín, Colalillo, Roberta, Coleman, Alan, Coluccia, Maria Rita, Conceição, Rúben, Condorelli, Antonio, Consolati, Giovanni, Contreras, Fernando, Convenga, Fabio, Correia dos Santos, Diego, Covault, Corbin, Dasso, Sergio, Daumiller, Kai, Dawson, Bruce R., Day, Jarryd A., Almeida, Rogerio M. de, Jesús, Joaquín de, Jong, Sijbrand J. de, De Mauro, Giuseppe, Mello Neto, João de, De Mitri, Ivan, Oliveira, Jaime de, Oliveira Franco, Danelise de, Palma, Francesco de, Souza, Vitor de, De Vito, Emanuele, Río, Mariano del, Deligny, Olivier, Deval, Luca, Matteo, Armando di, Dobrigkeit, Carola, D'Olivo, Juan Carlos, Domingues Mendes, Luis Miguel, Anjos, Rita dos, Santos, Diego dos, Dova, Maria Teresa, Ebr, Jan, Engel, Ralph, Epicoco, Italo, Erdmann, Martin, Escobar, Carlos O., Etchegoyen, Alberto, Falcke, Heino, Farmer, John, Farrar, Glennys R., Fauth, Anderson, Fazzini, Norberto, Feldbusch, Fridtjof, Fenu, Francesco, Fick, Brian, Figueira, Juan Manuel, Filipcic, Andrej, Fitoussi, Thomas, Fodran, Tomáš, Freire, Martín Miguel, Fujii, Toshihiro, Fuster, Alan, Galea, Cristina, Galelli, Claudio, García, Beatriz, García Vegas, Adrianna Luz, Gemmeke, Hartmut, Gesualdi, Flavia, Gherghel-Lascu, Alexandru, Ghia, Piera Luisa, GIACCARI, Ugo, Giammarchi, Marco, Glombitza, Jonas, Gobbi, Fabian, Gollan, Fernando, Golup, Geraldina, Gómez Berisso, Mariano, Gómez Vitale, Primo F., Gongora, Juan Pablo, González, Juan Manuel, Gonzalez, Nicolas Martin, Goos, Isabel, Gora, Dariusz, Gorgi, Alessio, Gottowik, Marvin, Grubb, Trent D., Guarino, Fausto, Guedes, Germano, Guido, Eleonora, Hahn, Steffen, Hamal, Petr, Hampel, Matías Rolf, Hansen, Patricia María, Harari, Diego, Harvey, Violet M., Haungs, Andreas, Hebbeker, Thomas, Heck, Dieter, Hill, Gary C., Hojvat, Carlos, Hörandel, Jörg, Horvath, Pavel, Hrabovsky, Miroslav, Huege, Tim, Insolia, Antonio, Isar, Paula Gina, Janecek, Petr, Johnsen, Jeffrey A., Juryšek, Jakub, Kääpä, Alex, Kampert, Karl-Heinz, Karastathis, Nikolaos, Keilhauer, Bianca, Kemp, Julian, Khakurdikar, Abha, Kizakke Covilakam, Varada Varma, Klages, Hans, Kleifges, Matthias, Kleinfeller, Jonny, Köpke, Marcel, Kunka, Norbert, Lago, Bruno L., Lang, Rodrigo Guedes, Langner, Niklas, Leigui de Oliveira, Marcelo Augusto, Lenok, Vladimir, Letessier-Selvon, Antoine, Lhenry-Yvon, Isabelle, Lo Presti, Domenico, LOPES, Luis, López, Rebeca, Lu, Lu, Luce, Quentin, Lundquist, Jon Paul, Machado Payeras, Allan, Mancarella, Giovanni, Mandat, Dusan, Manning, Bradley C., Manshanden, Julien, Mantsch, Paul, Marafico, Sullivan, Mariazzi, Analisa, Maris, Ioana Codrina, Marsella, Giovanni, Martello, Daniele, Martinelli, Sara, Martínez Bravo, Oscar, Mastrodicasa, Massimo, Mathes, Hermann-Josef, Matthews, James, Matthiae, Giorgio, Mayotte, Eric, Mazur, Peter, Medina-Tanco, Gustavo, Melo, Diego, Menshikov, Alexander, Merenda, Kevin-Druis, Michal, Stanislav, Micheletti, Maria Isabel, Miramonti, Lino, Mollerach, Silvia, Montanet, François, Morello, Carlo, Mostafa, Miguel, Müller, Ana L., Muller, Marcio Aparecido, Mulrey, Katharine, Mussa, Roberto, Muzio, Marco Stein, Namasaka, Wilson M., Nasr-Esfahani, Alina, Nellen, Lukas, Niculescu-Oglinzanu, Mihai, Niechciol, Marcus, Nitz, Dave, Nosek, Dalibor, Novotný, Vladimír, Nozka, Libor, Nucita, Achille, Nunez, Luis A., Palatka, Miroslav, Pallotta, Juan, Papenbreer, Philipp, Parente, Gonzalo, Parra, Alejandra, Pawlowsky, Jannis, Pech, Miroslav, Pedreira, Francisco, Pękala, Jan, Pelayo, Rodrigo, Peña-Rodríguez, Jesús, Pereira Martins, Edyvania Emily, Perez Armand, Johnnier, Pérez Bertolli, Carmina, Perlin, Matías, Perrone, Lorenzo, Petrera, Sergio, Pierog, Tanguy, Pimenta, Mário, Pirronello, Valerio, Platino, Manuel, Pont, Bjarni, Pothast, Mart, Privitera, Paolo, Prouza, Michael, Puyleart, Andrew, Querchfeld, Sven, Rautenberg, Julian, Ravignani, Diego, Reininghaus, Maximilian, Ridky, Jan, Riehn, Felix, Risse, Markus, Rizi, Vincenzo, Rodrigues de Carvalho, Washington, Rodriguez Rojo, Jorge Rubén, Roncoroni, Matías J., Rossoni, Simone, Roth, Markus, Roulet, Esteban, Rovero, Adrian, Ruehl, Philip, Saftoiu, Alexandra, Salamida, Francesco, Salazar, Humberto Ibarguen, Salina, Gaetano, Sanabria Gomez, Jose, Sánchez, Federico Andrés, Santos, Edivaldo Moura, Sarazin, Fred, Sarmento, Raul, Sarmiento-Cano, Christian, Sato, Ricardo, Savina, Pierpaolo, Schäfer, Christoph M., Scherini, Viviana, Schieler, Harald, Schimassek, Martin, Schimp, Michael, Schlüter, Felix, Schmidt, David, Scholten, Olaf, Schovanek, Petr, Schröder, Frank G., Schröder, Sonja, Schulte, Josina, Sciutto, Sergio, Scornavacche, Marina, Segreto, Alberto, Sehgal, Srijan, Shellard, Ronald C., Sigl, Guenter, Silli, Gaia, Sima, Octavian, Smida, Radomir, Sommers, Paul, Soriano, Jorge F., Souchard, Julien, Squartini, Ruben, Stadelmaier, Maximilian, Stanca, Denis, Stanič, Samo, Stasielak, Jaroslaw, Stassi, Patrick, Streich, Alexander, Suárez-Durán, Mauricio, Sudholz, Tristan, Suomijarvi, Tiina, Supanitsky, A. Daniel, Szadkowski, Zbigniew, Tapia, Alex, Taricco, Carla, Timmermans, Charles, Tkachenko, Olena, Tobiska, Petr, Todero Peixoto, Carlos J., Tomé, Bernardo, Torrès, Zoé, Travaini, Andres, Travnicek, Petr, Trimarelli, Caterina, Tueros, Matias, Ulrich, Ralf, Unger, Michael, Vaclavek, Lukáš, Vacula, Martin, Valdés Galicia, Jose F., Valore, Laura, Varela, Enrique, Vásquez-Ramírez, Adriana, Veberic, Darko, Ventura, Cynthia, Vergara Quispe, Indira D., Verzi, Valerio, Vicha, Jakub, Vink, Jacco, Vorobiov, Serguei, Wahlberg, Hernan, Watanabe, Clara Keiko Oliveira, Watson, Alan, Weber, Marc, Weindl, Andreas, Wiencke, Lawrence, Wilczyński, Henryk, Wirtz, Marcus, Wittkowski, David, Wundheiler, Brian, Yushkov, Alexey, Zapparrata, Orazio, Zas, Enrique, Zavrtanik, Danilo, Zavrtanik, Marko, and Zehrer, Lukas

Subjects
Pierre Auger Observatory, Physics, Large Hadron Collider, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astronomy, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Detector, Monte Carlo method, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Cosmic ray, Grid, Computational physics, Auger, Upgrade, Experimental High Energy Physics, ddc:530, High Energy Physics
Abstract

The Pierre Auger Observatory, located near Malargue, Argentina, is the world's largest cosmic-ray detector. It comprises a $3000\,\mathrm{km}^{2}$ surface detector and 27 fluorescence telescopes, which measure the lateral and longitudinal distributions of the many millions of air-shower particles produced in the interactions initiated by a cosmic ray in the Earth's atmosphere. The determination of the nature of cosmic rays and studies of the detector performances rely on extensive Monte Carlo simulations describing the physics processes occurring in extensive air showers and the detector responses. The aim of the Monte Carlo simulations task is to produce and provide the Auger Collaboration with reference libraries used in a wide variety of analyses. All multipurpose detector simulations are currently produced in local clusters using Slurm and HTCondor. The bulk of the shower simulations are produced on the grid, via the Virtual Organization auger, using the DIRAC middleware. The job submission is made via python scripts using the DIRAC-API. The Auger site is undergoing a major upgrade, which includes the installation of new types of detectors, demanding increased simulation resources. The novel detection of the radio component of extensive air showers is the most challenging endeavor, requiring dedicated shower simulations with very long computation times, not optimized for the grid production. For data redundancy, the simulations are stored on the Lyon server and the grid Disk Pool Manager and are accessible to the Auger members via iRODS and DIRAC, respectively. The CERN VM-File System is used for software distribution where, soon, the Auger Offline software will also be made available.

42. Downward Terrestrial Gamma-ray Flashes at the Pierre Auger Observatory?

Author

Colalillo, R., Abreu, P., Aglietta, M., Albury, J. M., Allekotte, I., Almela, A., Alvarez-Muñiz, J., Alves Batista, R., Anastasi, G. A., Anchordoqui, L., Andrada, B., Andringa, S., Aramo, C., Araújo Ferreira, P. R., Arteaga Velázquez, J. C., Asorey, H., Assis, P., Avila, G., Badescu, A. M., Bakalova, A., Balaceanu, A., Barbato, F., Barreira Luz, R. J., Becker, K. H., Bellido, J. A., Berat, C., Bertaina, M. E., Bertou, X., Biermann, P. L., Binet, V., Bismark, K., Bister, T., Biteau, J., Blazek, J., Bleve, C., Boháčová, M., Boncioli, D., Bonifazi, C., Bonneau Arbeletche, L., Borodai, N., Botti, A. M., Brack, J., Bretz, T., Brichetto Orchera, P. G., Briechle, F. L., Buchholz, P., Bueno, A., Buitink, S., Buscemi, M., Büsken, M., Caballero-Mora, K. S., Caccianiga, L., Canfora, F., Caracas, I., Carceller, J. M., Caruso, R., Castellina, A., Catalani, F., Cataldi, G., Cazon, L., Cerda, M., Chinellato, J. A., Chudoba, J., Chytka, L., Clay, R. W., Cobos Cerutti, A. C., Coleman, A., Coluccia, M. R., Ruben Conceição, Condorelli, A., Consolati, G., Contreras, F., Convenga, F., Correia Dos Santos, D., Covault, C. E., Dasso, S., Daumiller, K., Dawson, B. R., Day, J. A., Almeida, R. M., Jesús, J., Jong, S. J., Mauro, G., Mello Neto, J. R. T., Mitri, I., Oliveira, J., Oliveira Franco, D., Palma, F., Souza, V., Vito, E., Del Río, M., Deligny, O., Deval, L., Di Matteo, A., Dobrigkeit, C., D’olivo, J. C., Domingues Mendes, L. M., Dos Anjos, R. C., Dos Santos, D., Dova, M. T., Ebr, J., Engel, R., Epicoco, I., Erdmann, M., Escobar, C. O., Etchegoyen, A., Falcke, H., Farmer, J., Farrar, G., Fauth, A. C., Fazzini, N., Feldbusch, F., Fenu, F., Fick, B., Figueira, J. M., Filipčič, A., Fitoussi, T., Fodran, T., Freire, M. M., Fujii, T., Fuster, A., Galea, C., Galelli, C., García, B., Garcia Vegas, A. L., Gemmeke, H., Gesualdi, F., Gherghel-Lascu, A., Ghia, P. L., Giaccari, U., Giammarchi, M., Glombitza, J., Gobbi, F., Gollan, F., Golup, G., Gómez Berisso, M., Gómez Vitale, P. F., Gongora, J. P., González, J. M., González, N., Goos, I., Góra, D., Gorgi, A., Gottowik, M., Grubb, T. D., Guarino, F., Guedes, G. P., Guido, E., Hahn, S., Hamal, P., Hampel, M. R., Hansen, P., Harari, D., Harvey, V. M., Haungs, A., Hebbeker, T., Heck, D., Hill, G. C., Hojvat, C., Hörandel, J. R., Horvath, P., Hrabovský, M., Huege, T., Insolia, A., Isar, P. G., Janecek, P., Johnsen, J. A., Jurysek, J., Kääpä, A., Kampert, K. H., Karastathis, N., Keilhauer, B., Kemp, J., Khakurdikar, A., Kizakke Covilakam, V. V., Klages, H. O., Kleifges, M., Kleinfeller, J., Köpke, M., Kunka, N., Lago, B. L., Lang, R. G., Langner, N., Leigui Oliveira, M. A., Lenok, V., Letessier-Selvon, A., Lhenry-Yvon, I., Lo Presti, D., Lopes, L., López, R., Lu, L., Luce, Q., Lundquist, J. P., Machado Payeras, A., Mancarella, G., Mandat, D., Manning, B. C., Manshanden, J., Mantsch, P., Marafico, S., Mariazzi, A. G., Mariş, I. C., Marsella, G., Martello, D., Martinelli, S., Martínez Bravo, O., Mastrodicasa, M., Mathes, H. J., Matthews, J., Matthiae, G., Mayotte, E., Mazur, P. O., Medina-Tanco, G., Melo, D., Menshikov, A., Merenda, K. -D, Michal, S., Micheletti, M. I., Miramonti, L., Mollerach, S., Montanet, F., Morello, C., Mostafá, M., Müller, A. L., Muller, M. A., Mulrey, K., Mussa, R., Muzio, M., Namasaka, W. M., Nasr-Esfahani, A., Nellen, L., Niculescu-Oglinzanu, M., Niechciol, M., Nitz, D., Nosek, D., Novotny, V., Nožka, L., Nucita, A., Núñez, L. A., Palatka, M., Pallotta, J., Papenbreer, P., Parente, G., Parra, A., Pawlowsky, J., Pech, M., Pedreira, F., Pȩkala, J., Pelayo, R., Peña-Rodriguez, J., Pereira Martins, E. E., Perez Armand, J., Pérez Bertolli, C., Perlin, M., Perrone, L., Petrera, S., Pierog, T., Pimenta, M., Pirronello, V., Platino, M., Pont, B., Pothast, M., Privitera, P., Prouza, M., Puyleart, A., Querchfeld, S., Rautenberg, J., Ravignani, D., Reininghaus, M., Ridky, J., Riehn, F., Risse, M., Rizi, V., Rodrigues Carvalho, W., Rodriguez Rojo, J., Roncoroni, M. J., Rossoni, S., Roth, M., Roulet, E., Rovero, A. C., Ruehl, P., Saftoiu, A., Salamida, F., Salazar, H., Salina, G., Sanabria Gomez, J. D., Sánchez, F., Santos, E. M., Santos, E., Sarazin, F., Sarmento, R., Sarmiento-Cano, C., Sato, R., Savina, P., Schäfer, C. M., Scherini, V., Schieler, H., Schimassek, M., Schimp, M., Schlüter, F., Schmidt, D., Scholten, O., Schovánek, P., Schröder, F. G., Schröder, S., Schulte, J., Sciutto, S. J., Scornavacche, M., Segreto, A., Sehgal, S., Shellard, R. C., Sigl, G., Silli, G., Sima, O., Šmída, R., Sommers, P., Soriano, J. F., Souchard, J., Squartini, R., Stadelmaier, M., Stanca, D., Stanič, S., Stasielak, J., Stassi, P., Streich, A., Suárez-Durán, M., Sudholz, T., Suomijärvi, T., Supanitsky, A. D., Szadkowski, Z., Tapia, A., Taricco, C., Timmermans, C., Tkachenko, O., Tobiska, P., Todero Peixoto, C. J., Tomé, B., Torrès, Z., Travaini, A., Travnicek, P., Trimarelli, C., Tueros, M., Ulrich, R., Unger, M., Vaclavek, L., Vacula, M., Valdés Galicia, J. F., Valore, L., Varela, E., Vásquez-Ramírez, A., Veberič, D., Ventura, C., Vergara Quispe, I. D., Verzi, V., Vicha, J., Vink, J., Vorobiov, S., Wahlberg, H., Watanabe, C., Watson, A. A., Weber, M., Weindl, A., Wiencke, L., Wilczyński, H., Wirtz, M., Wittkowski, D., Wundheiler, B., Yushkov, A., Zapparrata, O., Zas, E., Zavrtanik, D., Zavrtanik, M., Zehrer, L., Colalillo, Roberta, Abreu, Pedro, Aglietta, Marco, Albury, Justin M., Allekotte, Ingomar, Almela, Alejandro, Alvarez-Muniz, Jaime, Alves Batista, Rafael, Anastasi, Gioacchino Alex, Anchordoqui, Luis A., Andrada, Belén, Andringa, Sofia, Aramo, Carla, Araújo Ferreira, Paulo Ricardo, Arteaga Velazquez, Juan Carlo, Asorey, Hernán Gonzalo, Assis, Pedro, Avila, Gualberto, Badescu, Alina Mihaela, Bakalova, Alena, Balaceanu, Alexandru, Barbato, Felicia, Barreira Luz, Ricardo Jorge, Becker, Karl-Heinz, Bellido, Jose A., Berat, Corinne, Bertaina, Mario Edoardo, Bertou, Xavier, Biermann, Peter L., Binet, Virginia, Bismark, Kathrin, Bister, Teresa, Biteau, Jonathan, Blazek, Jiri, Bleve, Carla, Bohacova, Martina, Boncioli, Denise, Bonifazi, Carla, Bonneau Arbeletche, Luan, Borodai, Nataliia, Botti, Ana Martina, Brack, Jeffrey, Bretz, Thoma, Brichetto Orchera, P. Gabriel, Briechle, Florian Luka, Buchholz, Peter, Bueno, Antonio, Buitink, Stijn, Buscemi, Mario, Büsken, Max, Caballero-Mora, Karen S., Caccianiga, Lorenzo, Canfora, Fabrizia, Caracas, Ioana, Carceller, Juan Miguel, Caruso, Rossella, Castellina, Antonella, Catalani, Fernando, Cataldi, Gabriella, Cazon, Lorenzo, Cerda, Marco, Chinellato, Jose Augusto, Chudoba, Jiří, Chytka, Ladislav, Clay, Roger W, Cobos Cerutti, Agustín, Coleman, Alan, Coluccia, Maria Rita, Conceição, Rúben, Condorelli, Antonio, Consolati, Giovanni, Contreras, Fernando, Convenga, Fabio, Correia dos Santos, Diego, Covault, Corbin, Dasso, Sergio, Daumiller, Kai, Dawson, Bruce R., Day, Jarryd A., de Almeida, Rogerio M., de Jesús, Joaquín, de Jong, Sijbrand J., De Mauro, Giuseppe, de Mello Neto, João, De Mitri, Ivan, de Oliveira, Jaime, de Oliveira Franco, Danelise, de Palma, Francesco, de Souza, Vitor, De Vito, Emanuele, del Río, Mariano, Deligny, Olivier, Deval, Luca, di Matteo, Armando, Dobrigkeit, Carola, D'Olivo, Juan Carlo, Domingues Mendes, Luis Miguel, dos Anjos, Rita, dos Santos, Diego, Dova, Maria Teresa, Ebr, Jan, Engel, Ralph, Epicoco, Italo, Erdmann, Martin, Escobar, Carlos O., Etchegoyen, Alberto, Falcke, Heino, Farmer, John, Farrar, Glennys R., Fauth, Anderson, Fazzini, Norberto, Feldbusch, Fridtjof, Fenu, Francesco, Fick, Brian, Figueira, Juan Manuel, Filipcic, Andrej, Fitoussi, Thoma, Fodran, Tomáš, Freire, Martín Miguel, Fujii, Toshihiro, Fuster, Alan, Galea, Cristina, Galelli, Claudio, García, Beatriz, García Vegas, Adrianna Luz, Gemmeke, Hartmut, Gesualdi, Flavia, Gherghel-Lascu, Alexandru, Ghia, Piera Luisa, Giaccari, Ugo, Giammarchi, Marco, Glombitza, Jona, Gobbi, Fabian, Gollan, Fernando, Golup, Geraldina, Gómez Berisso, Mariano, Gómez Vitale, Primo F., Gongora, Juan Pablo, González, Juan Manuel, Gonzalez, Nicolas Martin, Goos, Isabel, Gora, Dariusz, Gorgi, Alessio, Gottowik, Marvin, Grubb, Trent D., Guarino, Fausto, Guedes, Germano, Guido, Eleonora, Hahn, Steffen, Hamal, Petr, Hampel, Matías Rolf, Hansen, Patricia María, Harari, Diego, Harvey, Violet M., Haungs, Andrea, Hebbeker, Thoma, Heck, Dieter, Hill, Gary C., Hojvat, Carlo, Hörandel, Jörg, Horvath, Pavel, Hrabovsky, Miroslav, Huege, Tim, Insolia, Antonio, Isar, Paula Gina, Janecek, Petr, Johnsen, Jeffrey A., Juryšek, Jakub, Kääpä, Alex, Kampert, Karl-Heinz, Karastathis, Nikolao, Keilhauer, Bianca, Kemp, Julian, Khakurdikar, Abha, Kizakke Covilakam, Varada Varma, Klages, Han, Kleifges, Matthia, Kleinfeller, Jonny, Köpke, Marcel, Kunka, Norbert, Lago, Bruno L., Lang, Rodrigo Guede, Langner, Nikla, Leigui de Oliveira, Marcelo Augusto, Lenok, Vladimir, Letessier-Selvon, Antoine, Lhenry-Yvon, Isabelle, Lo Presti, Domenico, Lopes, Lui, López, Rebeca, Lu, Lu, Luce, Quentin, Lundquist, Jon Paul, Machado Payeras, Allan, Mancarella, Giovanni, Mandat, Dusan, Manning, Bradley C., Manshanden, Julien, Mantsch, Paul, Marafico, Sullivan, Mariazzi, Analisa, Maris, Ioana Codrina, Marsella, Giovanni, Martello, Daniele, Martinelli, Sara, Martínez Bravo, Oscar, Mastrodicasa, Massimo, Mathes, Hermann-Josef, Matthews, Jame, Matthiae, Giorgio, Mayotte, Eric, Mazur, Peter, Medina-Tanco, Gustavo, Melo, Diego, Menshikov, Alexander, Merenda, Kevin-Drui, Michal, Stanislav, Micheletti, Maria Isabel, Miramonti, Lino, Mollerach, Silvia, Montanet, Françoi, Morello, Carlo, Mostafa, Miguel, Müller, Ana L., Muller, Marcio Aparecido, Mulrey, Katharine, Mussa, Roberto, Muzio, Marco Stein, Namasaka, Wilson M., Nasr-Esfahani, Alina, Nellen, Luka, Niculescu-Oglinzanu, Mihai, Niechciol, Marcu, Nitz, Dave, Nosek, Dalibor, Novotný, Vladimír, Nozka, Libor, Nucita, Achille, Nunez, Luis A., Palatka, Miroslav, Pallotta, Juan, Papenbreer, Philipp, Parente, Gonzalo, Parra, Alejandra, Pawlowsky, Janni, Pech, Miroslav, Pedreira, Francisco, Pękala, Jan, Pelayo, Rodrigo, Peña-Rodríguez, Jesú, Pereira Martins, Edyvania Emily, Perez Armand, Johnnier, Pérez Bertolli, Carmina, Perlin, Matía, Perrone, Lorenzo, Petrera, Sergio, Pierog, Tanguy, Pimenta, Mário, Pirronello, Valerio, Platino, Manuel, Pont, Bjarni, Pothast, Mart, Privitera, Paolo, Prouza, Michael, Puyleart, Andrew, Querchfeld, Sven, Rautenberg, Julian, Ravignani, Diego, Reininghaus, Maximilian, Ridky, Jan, Riehn, Felix, Risse, Marku, Rizi, Vincenzo, Rodrigues de Carvalho, Washington, Rodriguez Rojo, Jorge Rubén, Roncoroni, Matías J., Rossoni, Simone, Roth, Marku, Roulet, Esteban, Rovero, Adrian, Ruehl, Philip, Saftoiu, Alexandra, Salamida, Francesco, Salazar, Humberto Ibarguen, Salina, Gaetano, Sanabria Gomez, Jose, Sánchez, Federico André, Santos, Edivaldo Moura, Santos, Eva, Sarazin, Fred, Sarmento, Raul, Sarmiento-Cano, Christian, Sato, Ricardo, Savina, Pierpaolo, Schäfer, Christoph M., Scherini, Viviana, Schieler, Harald, Schimassek, Martin, Schimp, Michael, Schlüter, Felix, Schmidt, David, Scholten, Olaf, Schovanek, Petr, Schröder, Frank G., Schröder, Sonja, Schulte, Josina, Sciutto, Sergio, Scornavacche, Marina, Segreto, Alberto, Sehgal, Srijan, Shellard, Ronald C., Sigl, Guenter, Silli, Gaia, Sima, Octavian, Smida, Radomir, Sommers, Paul, Soriano, Jorge F., Souchard, Julien, Squartini, Ruben, Stadelmaier, Maximilian, Stanca, Deni, Stanič, Samo, Stasielak, Jaroslaw, Stassi, Patrick, Streich, Alexander, Suárez-Durán, Mauricio, Sudholz, Tristan, Suomijarvi, Tiina, Supanitsky, A. Daniel, Szadkowski, Zbigniew, Tapia, Alex, Taricco, Carla, Timmermans, Charle, Tkachenko, Olena, Tobiska, Petr, Todero Peixoto, Carlos J., Tomé, Bernardo, Torrès, Zoé, Travaini, Andre, Travnicek, Petr, Trimarelli, Caterina, Tueros, Matia, Ulrich, Ralf, Unger, Michael, Vaclavek, Lukáš, Vacula, Martin, Valdés Galicia, Jose F., Valore, Laura, Varela, Enrique, Vásquez-Ramírez, Adriana, Veberic, Darko, Ventura, Cynthia, Vergara Quispe, Indira D., Verzi, Valerio, Vicha, Jakub, Vink, Jacco, Vorobiov, Serguei, Wahlberg, Hernan, Watanabe, Clara Keiko Oliveira, Watson, Alan, Weber, Marc, Weindl, Andrea, Wiencke, Lawrence, Wilczyński, Henryk, Wirtz, Marcu, Wittkowski, David, Wundheiler, Brian, Yushkov, Alexey, Zapparrata, Orazio, Zas, Enrique, Zavrtanik, Danilo, Zavrtanik, Marko, and Zehrer, Lukas

Subjects
Physics, Pierre Auger Observatory, Astronomy, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Gamma ray, Cosmic ray, Electron, Astrophysics, Lightning, Experimental High Energy Physics, Thunderstorm, High Energy Physics, Atmospheric electricity, ddc:620, Event (particle physics), Engineering & allied operations
Abstract

At the Pierre Auger Observatory, designed primarily to study ultra-high-energy cosmic rays, phenomena related to atmospheric electricity are also observed. Particularly, events have been detected with the surface detector, characterized by long-lasting signals (tens of microseconds) and event footprints much larger (up to 200 km$^2$) than those produced by the highest energy cosmic rays. Moreover, some of them appear to be accompanied by smaller events occurring in the same area within about 1 ms and probably produced by the same phenomenon. A previously reported correlation with the World Wide Lightning Location Network, as well as the observation of very low-altitude clouds, confirm that such events are related to thunderstorms. An ad-hoc reconstruction points to high-energy particles being produced very close to the ground, suggesting that they originate from electrons accelerated to relativistic energies in strong electric fields inside low clouds, as is the case for terrestrial gamma-ray flashes above thunderstorms. A clear explanation of the observed phenomenon is hindered by two facts. One is that the rate of such events, detected serendipitously, is very small (less than 2 events/year) and decreases further after optimization of the surface detector trigger for low-energy shower-events. The second is that most events show a puzzling lack of signals in the central part of the footprint. We have studied in detail both effects and will present such studies here. We developed a strategy for a dedicated trigger to enhance the detection efficiency for these events associated with atmospheric-electricity events.

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