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The upgrade of the Pierre Auger Observatory with the Scintillator Surface Detector
Authors :
Pierre Auger Collaboration Cataldi, G. Abreu, Pedro Aglietta, Marco Albury, Justin M. Allekotte, Ingomar Almela, Alejandro Alvarez-Muniz, Jaime Alves Batista, Rafael Anastasi, Gioacchino Alex Anchordoqui, Luis A. Andrada, Belén Andringa, Sofia Aramo, Carla Araújo Ferreira, Paulo Ricardo Arteaga Velazquez, Juan Carlos Asorey, Hernán Gonzalo Assis, Pedro Avila, Gualberto Badescu, Alina Mihaela Bakalova, Alena Balaceanu, Alexandru Barbato, Felicia Barreira Luz, Ricardo Jorge Becker, Karl-Heinz Bellido, Jose A. Berat, Corinne Bertaina, Mario Edoardo Bertou, Xavier Biermann, Peter L. Binet, Virginia Bismark, Kathrin Bister, Teresa Biteau, Jonathan Blazek, Jiri Bleve, Carla Bohacova, Martina boncioli, denise Bonifazi, Carla Bonneau Arbeletche, Luan Borodai, Nataliia Botti, Ana Martina Brack, Jeffrey Bretz, Thomas Brichetto Orchera, P. Gabriel Briechle, Florian Lukas Buchholz, Peter Bueno, Antonio Buitink, Stijn Buscemi, Mario Büsken, Max Caballero-Mora, Karen S. Caccianiga, Lorenzo Canfora, Fabrizia Caracas, Ioana Carceller, Juan Miguel Caruso, Rossella Castellina, Antonella Catalani, Fernando Cataldi, Gabriella Cazon, Lorenzo Cerda, Marcos Chinellato, Jose Augusto Chudoba, Jiri Chytka, Ladislav Clay, Roger W. Cobos Cerutti, Agustín Colalillo, Roberta Coleman, Alan Coluccia, Maria Rita Conceição, Rúben Condorelli, Antonio Consolati, Giovanni Contreras, Fernando Convenga, Fabio Correia dos Santos, Diego Covault, Corbin Dasso, Sergio Daumiller, Kai Dawson, Bruce R. Day, Jarryd A. Almeida, Rogerio M. de Jesús, Joaquín de Jong, Sijbrand J. de De Mauro, Giuseppe Mello Neto, João de De Mitri, Ivan Oliveira, Jaime de Oliveira Franco, Danelise de Palma, Francesco de Souza, Vitor de De Vito, Emanuele Río, Mariano del Deligny, Olivier Deval, Luca Matteo, Armando di Dobrigkeit, Carola D'Olivo, Juan Carlos Domingues Mendes, Luis Miguel Anjos, Rita dos Santos, Diego dos Dova, Maria Teresa Ebr, Jan Engel, Ralph Epicoco, Italo Erdmann, Martin Escobar, Carlos O. Etchegoyen, Alberto Falcke, Heino Farmer, John Farrar, Glennys R. Fauth, Anderson Fazzini, Norberto Feldbusch, Fridtjof Fenu, Francesco Fick, Brian Figueira, Juan Manuel Filipcic, Andrej Fitoussi, Thomas Fodran, Tomáš Freire, Martín Miguel Fujii, Toshihiro Fuster, Alan Galea, Cristina Galelli, Claudio García, Beatriz García Vegas, Adrianna Luz Gemmeke, Hartmut Gesualdi, Flavia Gherghel-Lascu, Alexandru Ghia, Piera Luisa GIACCARI, Ugo Giammarchi, Marco Glombitza, Jonas Gobbi, Fabian Gollan, Fernando Golup, Geraldina Gómez Berisso, Mariano Gómez Vitale, Primo F. Gongora, Juan Pablo González, Juan Manuel Gonzalez, Nicolas Martin Goos, Isabel Gora, Dariusz Gorgi, Alessio Gottowik, Marvin Grubb, Trent D. Guarino, Fausto Guedes, Germano Guido, Eleonora Hahn, Steffen Hamal, Petr Hampel, Matías Rolf Hansen, Patricia María Harari, Diego Harvey, Violet M. Haungs, Andreas Hebbeker, Thomas Heck, Dieter Hill, Gary C. Hojvat, Carlos Hörandel, Jörg Horvath, Pavel Hrabovsky, Miroslav Huege, Tim Insolia, Antonio Isar, Paula Gina Janecek, Petr Johnsen, Jeffrey A. Juryšek, Jakub Kääpä, Alex Kampert, Karl-Heinz Karastathis, Nikolaos Keilhauer, Bianca Kemp, Julian Khakurdikar, Abha Kizakke Covilakam, Varada Varma Klages, Hans Kleifges, Matthias Kleinfeller, Jonny Köpke, Marcel Kunka, Norbert Lago, Bruno L. Lang, Rodrigo Guedes Langner, Niklas Leigui de Oliveira, Marcelo Augusto Lenok, Vladimir Letessier-Selvon, Antoine Lhenry-Yvon, Isabelle Lo Presti, Domenico LOPES, Luis López, Rebeca Lu, Lu Luce, Quentin Lundquist, Jon Paul Machado Payeras, Allan Mancarella, Giovanni Mandat, Dusan Manning, Bradley C. Manshanden, Julien Mantsch, Paul Marafico, Sullivan Mariazzi, Analisa Maris, Ioana Codrina Marsella, Giovanni Martello, Daniele Martinelli, Sara Martínez Bravo, Oscar Mastrodicasa, Massimo Mathes, Hermann-Josef Matthews, James Matthiae, Giorgio Mayotte, Eric Mazur, Peter Medina-Tanco, Gustavo Melo, Diego Menshikov, Alexander Merenda, Kevin-Druis Michal, Stanislav Micheletti, Maria Isabel Miramonti, Lino Mollerach, Silvia Montanet, François Morello, Carlo Mostafa, Miguel Müller, Ana L. Muller, Marcio Aparecido Mulrey, Katharine Mussa, Roberto Muzio, Marco Stein Namasaka, Wilson M. Nasr-Esfahani, Alina Nellen, Lukas Niculescu-Oglinzanu, Mihai Niechciol, Marcus Nitz, Dave Nosek, Dalibor Novotný, Vladimír Nozka, Libor Nucita, Achille Nunez, Luis A. Palatka, Miroslav Pallotta, Juan Papenbreer, Philipp Parente, Gonzalo Parra, Alejandra Pawlowsky, Jannis Pech, Miroslav Pedreira, Francisco Pękala, Jan Pelayo, Rodrigo Peña-Rodríguez, Jesús Pereira Martins, Edyvania Emily Perez Armand, Johnnier Pérez Bertolli, Carmina Perlin, Matías Perrone, Lorenzo Petrera, Sergio Pierog, Tanguy Pimenta, Mário Pirronello, Valerio Platino, Manuel Pont, Bjarni Pothast, Mart Privitera, Paolo Prouza, Michael Puyleart, Andrew Querchfeld, Sven Rautenberg, Julian Ravignani, Diego Reininghaus, Maximilian Ridky, Jan Riehn, Felix Risse, Markus Rizi, Vincenzo Rodrigues de Carvalho, Washington Rodriguez Rojo, Jorge Rubén Roncoroni, Matías J. Rossoni, Simone Roth, Markus Roulet, Esteban Rovero, Adrian Ruehl, Philip Saftoiu, Alexandra Salamida, Francesco Salazar, Humberto Ibarguen Salina, Gaetano Sanabria Gomez, Jose Sánchez, Federico Andrés Santos, Edivaldo Moura Santos, Eva Sarazin, Fred Sarmento, Raul Sarmiento-Cano, Christian Sato, Ricardo Savina, Pierpaolo Schäfer, Christoph M. Scherini, Viviana Schieler, Harald Schimassek, Martin Schimp, Michael Schlüter, Felix Schmidt, David Scholten, Olaf Schovanek, Petr Schröder, Frank G. Schröder, Sonja Schulte, Josina Sciutto, Sergio Scornavacche, Marina Segreto, Alberto Sehgal, Srijan Shellard, Ronald C. Sigl, Guenter Silli, Gaia Sima, Octavian Smida, Radomir Sommers, Paul Soriano, Jorge F. Souchard, Julien Squartini, Ruben Stadelmaier, Maximilian Stanca, Denis Stanič, Samo Stasielak, Jaroslaw Stassi, Patrick Streich, Alexander Suárez-Durán, Mauricio Sudholz, Tristan Suomijarvi, Tiina Supanitsky, A. Daniel Szadkowski, Zbigniew Tapia, Alex Taricco, Carla Timmermans, Charles Tkachenko, Olena Tobiska, Petr Todero Peixoto, Carlos J. Tomé, Bernardo Torrès, Zoé Travaini, Andres Travnicek, Petr Trimarelli, Caterina Tueros, Matias Ulrich, Ralf Unger, Michael Vaclavek, Lukáš Vacula, Martin Valdés Galicia, Jose F. Valore, Laura Varela, Enrique Vásquez-Ramírez, Adriana Veberic, Darko Ventura, Cynthia Vergara Quispe, Indira D. Verzi, Valerio Vicha, Jakub Vink, Jacco Vorobiov, Serguei Wahlberg, Hernan Watanabe, Clara Keiko Oliveira Watson, Alan Weber, Marc Weindl, Andreas Wiencke, Lawrence Wilczyński, Henryk Wirtz, Marcus Wittkowski, David Wundheiler, Brian Yushkov, Alexey Zapparrata, Orazio Zas, Enrique Zavrtanik, Danilo Zavrtanik, Marko Zehrer, Lukas
Source :
Proceedings of Science, 395, pp. 1-12, Proceedings of Science, 395, 1-12, Scopus-Elsevier
Publication Year :
2022
Abstract
Since its full commissioning in 2008, the Pierre Auger Observatory has consistently demonstrated its scientific productivity. A major upgrade of the Surface Detector array (SD) improves the capabilities of measuring the different components of extensive air showers. One of the elements of the upgrade consists of new Scintillator Surface Detectors (SSD) placed on top of the Water-Cherenkov stations of the SD. At the Observatory, the integration of the SSD components and their deployment in the array is well advanced. In this paper, the main challenges and characteristics of the construction and installation will be reviewed. Started in 2016, an Engineering Array of twelve upgraded stations has been taking data in the field. In March 2019, a preproduction array of 77 SSDs started data acquisition with an adapted version of non-upgraded electronics. It is collecting events and proving the goodness of SSD design. Since December 2020, the upgraded electronics boards are being deployed in the field together with the photomultiplier tubes, increasing the number of SSD detectors, which are taking data continuosly with good stability. In this paper, the-long term performance of a subset of stations acquiring data for more than two years will be discussed. The data collected so far demonstrate the quality of the new detectors and the physics potential of the upgrade project
Details
ISSN :
18248039
Database :
OpenAIRE
Journal :
Proceedings of Science, 395, pp. 1-12, Proceedings of Science, 395, 1-12, Scopus-Elsevier
Accession number :
edsair.doi.dedup.....df209d1195ec10de3c9dabe3cdecc1c7