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Efficient in vitro callus generation is required for tissue culture propagation, a process that allows for plant regeneration and transgenic breeding for desired phenotypes. Identifying genes and regulatory elements that prevent impaired callus growth and callus browning is essential for the development of in vitro callus systems. Here, we show that the BREVIPEDICELLUS and ERECTA pathways in Arabidopsis calli converge to prevent callus browning, and positively regulate the expression of the isoperoxidase gene AtPRX17 in rapidly growing calli. Loss-of-function mutations in both BREVIPEDICELLUS and ERECTA resulted in markedly increased callus browning. Transgenic lines expressing 35S pro::AtPRX17 in the bp-5 er105 double mutant background fully rescued this phenotypic abnormality. Using in vivo (chromatin immunoprecipitation-PCR and transient expression) and in vitro (electrophoretic mobility shift assays) assays, we observed that the BREVIPEDICELLUS protein binds directly to the upstream sequence of AtPRX17 to promote its transcription during callus growth. ERECTA is a ubiquitous factor required for cell proliferation and growth. We show that ERECTA positively regulates the expression of the transcription factor WRKY6, which directly binds to a separate site on the AtPRX17 promoter, further increasing its expression. Our data reveal an important molecular mechanism involved in the regulation of peroxidase isozyme expression to reduce Arabidopsis callus browning.

The present study aimed to investigate the effects of low protein diets balanced with four amino acids on growth performance, meat quality and cecal microflora of finishing pigs. Fifty-four healthy hybrid barrows (Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire) with an average body weight of 70.12 ± 4.03 kg were randomly assigned to one of the three dietary treatments with six replicate pens per treatment (three barrows per pen). The three dietary treatments included a normal protein diet (NP), a low protein diet (LP) and a very low protein diet (VLP).The average daily gain, average daily feed intake and feed conversion ratio of pigs were not significantly changed with the LP and VLP diets compared to the NP diet (P 0.05). The water holding capacity and shear force of longissimus dorsi muscle were decreased, whereas the intramuscular fat content of the longissimus dorsi muscle was increased (P 0.05) in pigs fed with the LP and VLP diets compared to the NP diet. The contents of saturated fatty acids in muscle were decreased (P 0.05), whereas the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids in muscle was increased (P 0.01) with the VLP diet compared to the NP diet. The contents of histamine, spermidine, spermine and tyramine of muscle were decreased with the VLP diet compared to the NP diet (P 0.05). The relative abundance of Turicibacter, Terrisporobacter, Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1 and UCG-005 was higher (P 0.05), whereas the relative abundance of Lactobacillus and Streptococcus was lower (P 0.05) in pigs fed with the LP and VLP diets compared to the NP diet. Based on the correlation of cecal microbiota and cecal biogenic amine, the contents of tyramine, spermidine and histamine were negatively correlated with the abundance of Terrisporobacter (P 0.01) and the content of histamine was positively correlated with the abundance of Lactobacillus (P 0.01).Balanced with four essential amino acids, the VLP diet with crude protein levels decreased by 4% increased the intramuscular fat content, changed the fatty acid and amino acid composition of longissimus dorsi muscle and the profile of cecum microbiota, and reduced the content of cecum bioamine, with no negative effect on the growth performance of pigs. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.

β-alanine has been demonstrated to improve carcass traits and meat quality of animals. However, no research has been found on the effects of dietary β-alanine in the meat quality control of finishing pigs, which are among the research focus. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary β-alanine supplementation on growth performance, meat quality, carnosine content, amino acid composition and muscular antioxidant capacity of Chinese indigenous Ningxiang pigs. The treatments contained a basal diet (control, CON) and a basal diet supplemented with 600 mg/kg β-alanine. Each treatment group consisted of five pens, with five pigs per pen. Results showed that compared with CON, supplemental β-alanine did not affect the final body weight, average daily gain, average daily feed intake and the feed-to-gain ratio of pigs. Dietary β-alanine supplementation tended to increase the pH

Lysine metabolism plays an important role in the formation of the insecticidal crystal proteins of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt). The genes lam, gabD and sucA encode three key enzymes of the lysine metabolic pathway in Bt4.0718. The lam gene mainly affects the cell growth at stable period, negligibly affected sporulation and insecticidal crystal protein (ICP) production. While, the deletion mutant strains of the gabD and sucA genes showed that the growth, sporulation and crystal protein formation were inhibited, cells became slender, and insecticidal activity was significantly reduced. iTRAQ proteomics and qRT-PCR used to analyse the differentially expressed protein (DEP) between the two mutant strains and the wild type strain. The functions of DEPs were visualized and statistically classified, which affect bacterial growth and metabolism by regulating biological metabolism pathways: the major carbon metabolism pathways, amino acid metabolism, oxidative phosphorylation pathways, nucleic acid metabolism, fatty acid synthesis and peptidoglycan synthesis. The gabD and sucA genes in lysine metabolic pathway are closely related to the sporulation and crystal proteins formation. The effects of DEPs and functional genes on basic cellular metabolic pathways were studied to provide new strategies for the construction of highly virulent insecticidal strains, the targeted transformation of functional genes.

The transition from vegetative growth to flowering is very important for the plant reproductive success. This process is delayed under microgravity conditions in space, but whether microgravity affects plant flowering at the molecular level is still unknown. Here, we studied the effects of altered gravity on photoperiod-controlled flowering induction by using a random positioning machine (RPM, 3-D clinostat). First, using transgenic plant pro FT:GFP in the Col-0 background and examining the expression of key genes in the photoperiod pathway, such as FT, CONSTANS (CO) and GIGANTEA (GI), we found that 3-D clinostat rotation affected the activity of the FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) promoter under long-day conditions. Second, using a pro SUC2:FT CDS:GFP construct in the ft-10 mutant background, we observed that the transport of FT from the leaves to the shoot apical meristem was also delayed by simulated microgravity under 3-D clinostation conditions compared with the 1 g stationary control. These results indicate that photoperiod-controlled plant flowering is delayed by 3-D clinostat rotation.

Understanding the effects of spaceflight on plant flowering regulation is important to setup a life support system for long-term human space exploration. However, the way in which plant flowering is affected by spaceflight remains unclear. Here, we present results from our latest space experiments on the Chinese spacelab Tiangong-2, in which Arabidopsis wild-type and transgenic plants pFT::GFP germinated and grew as normally as their controls on the ground, but the floral initiation under the long-day condition in space was about 20 days later than their controls on the ground. Time-course series of digital images of pFT::GFP plants showed that the expression rhythm of FT in space did not change, but the peak appeared later in comparison with those of their controls on the ground. Whole-genome microarray analysis revealed that approximately 16% of Arabidopsis genes at the flowering stage changed their transcript levels under spaceflight conditions in comparison with their controls on the ground. The GO terms were enriched in DEGs with up-regulation of the response to temperature, wounding, and protein stabilization and down-regulation of the function in circadian rhythm, gibberellins, and mRNA processes. FT and SOC1 could act as hubs to integrate spaceflight stress signals into the photoperiodic flowering pathway in Arabidopsis in space.

Spaceflight has an impact on the growth and development of higher plants at both the vegetative stage and reproductive stage. A great deal of information has been available on the vegetative stage in space, but relatively little is known about the influence of spaceflight on plants at the reproductive stage. In this study, we constructed transgenic

Lipopeptides (such as iturin, fengycin, and surfactin) from Bacillus possess antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral activities and have important application in agriculture and pharmaceuticals. Although unremitting efforts have been devoted to improve lipopeptide production by designing gene regulatory circuits or optimizing fermentation process, little attention has been paid to utilizing multi-omics for systematically mining core genes and proteins during the bacterial growth cycle. Here, lipopeptide bacillomycin Lb from new Bacillus amyloliquefaciens X030 was isolated and first found to have anticancer activity in various cancer cells (such as SMMC-7721 and MDA-MB-231). A comprehensive genomic and growth proteomic analysis of X030 revealed bacillomycin Lb biosynthetic gene cluster, key enzymes and potential regulatory proteins (PerR, PhoP, CcpA, and CsfB), and novel links between primary metabolism and bacillomycin Lb production in X030. The antitumor activity of the fermentation supernatant supplemented with amino acids (such as glutamic acid) and sucrose was significantly increased, verifying the role of key metabolic switches in the metabolic regulatory network. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis confirmed that 7 differential expressed genes exhibited a positive correlation between changes at transcriptional and translational levels. The study not only will stimulate the deeper and wider antitumor study of lipopeptides but also provide a comprehensive database, which promotes an in-depth analysis of pathways and networks for complex events in lipopeptide biosynthesis and regulation and gives great help in improving the yield of bacillomycin Lb (media optimization, genetic modification, or pathway engineering).

Bacillus amyloliquefaciens X030 (BaX030) has broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against the fish pathogens Aeromonas hydrophila and Aeromonas veronii. To improve its antibacterial effect, BaX030 was subjected to compound mutagenesis of atmospheric and room temperature plasma (ARTP) and nitrosoguanidine (NTG). The results showed that, compared with the original strain, the production of macrolactin A and oxydifficidin in mutated strain N-11 increased to 39 % and 268 %, respectively. The re-sequencing analysis suggested that there were SNPs and InDels in the gene clusters focused on the sucrose utilization pathway, glycolysis pathway and fatty acid synthesis pathway. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that strain N-11 became thin and long. The qRT-PCR results indicated that the expression of immune factors in the liver or kidney tissue of grass carp increased after feeding with N-11. H&E staining and protection experiments also showed that the mortality and surface symptoms of grass carp infected by the two pathogens were significantly reduced. The study identified a probiotic strain with potential application value in aquaculture production and provided a new strategy for the discovery of new strains with higher antibacterial biological activity.

Background: Bacillus amyloliquefaciens X030 (BaX030) was obtained by screening from peanut fields in Henan Province, China. It had broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against fish pathogens Aeromonas hydrophila and Aeromonas veronii. In order to improve its antibacterial effect, BaX030 was carried out the compound mutagenesis that atmospheric and room temperature plasma (ARTP) combined with nitrosoguanidine (NTG). Results: The result showed the yield of macrolactin A and oxydifficidin of the mutant N-11 were increased by 2.01 times and 3.68 times, respectively. Re-sequencing found that the corresponding 9th and 15th gene clusters had 4 and 6 SNP mutations, respectively, the 15th gene cluster also had 7 InDel mutations. Scanning electron microscopy observed that the N-11 became thin and long. The results of qRT-PCR indicated that feeding the N-11 can increase the expression of immune factors in the liver or kidney tissue of grass carp. It can also significantly reduce the mortality and the surface symptoms of grass carp that was infected by two pathogens through HE staining and protection experiments.Conclusion: This is the first report that after ARTP-NTG compound mutagenesis, a high-yielding strain of macrolactin A and oxydifficidin were increased by 2.01 times and 3.68 times compared with the original strain, respectively, which laid the foundation for elucidating its biological regulation, they had antibacterial effects on Aeromonas hydrophila and Aeromonas veronii. We combined re-sequencing to find the mutation sites of gene clusters and. The probiotic strain N-11 can quickly activate the immune protection mechanism of grass carp to resist pathogenic bacteria.

Efficient in vitro callus generation is fundamental to tissue culture propagation, a process required for plant regeneration and transgenic breeding for desired phenotypes. Identifying genes and regulatory elements that prevent callus retardation and browning is essential to facilitate the development of vitro callus systems. Here we show thatBREVIPEDICELLUS(BP) andERECTA(ER) pathways inArabidopsiscallus are converged to prevent callus browning and positively regulate an isoperoxidase gene AtPRX17expression in the rapid growth callus. Loss of functions in bothBPandERresulted in markedly increasing callus browning. Transgenic lines withpro35S::AtPRX17in thebp-5 er105double mutant background fully rescued this phenotypic abnormality. Using plantin vitroDNA-binding assays, we observed that BP protein bound directly to the upstream sequence ofAtPRX17to promote its transcription during callus growth. ER is a universally presenting factor required for cell proliferation and growth, we show thatERpositively regulates expression of a transcription factorWRKY6, which also directly binds to an additional site of the AtPRX17promoter for its high expression. Our data reveals an important molecular mechanism in regulating expression of peroxidase isozyme to reduce Arabidopsis callus browning.HighlightBREVIPEDICELLUSandERECTAare involved in regulating Arabidopsis callus browning by controlling expression ofAtPRX17.

Background A new Bacillus thuringiensis X023 (BtX023) with high insecticidal activity was isolated in Hunan Province, China. The addition of metals (Cu, Fe, Mg and Mn) to the medium could influence the formation of spores and/or insecticidal crystal proteins (ICPs). In previous studies, Cu ions considerably increased the synthesis of ICPs by enhancing the synthesis of poly-β-hydroxy butyrate. However, the present study could provide new insights into the function of Cu ions in ICPs. Results Bioassay results showed that wild strain BtX023 exhibited high insecticidal activity against Plutella xylostella. The addition of 1 × 10−5 M Cu2+ could considerably increase the expression of cry1Ac and vip3Aa, and the insecticidal activity was enhanced. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and proteomic analyses revealed that the upregulated proteins included amino acid synthesis, the glyoxylate pathway, oxidative phosphorylation, and poly-β-hydroxy butyrate synthesis. The Cu ions enhanced energy metabolism and primary amino acid synthesis, will providing abundant raw material accumulation for ICP synthesis. Conclusion The new strain BtX023 exerted a strong insecticidal effect on P. xylostella by producing ICPs. The addition of 1 × 10−5 M Cu2+ in the medium could considerably enhance the expression of the cry1Ac and vip3Aa genes, thereby further increasing the toxicity of BtX023 to Helicoverpa armigera and P. xylostella by enhancing energy synthesis, the glyoxylate cycle, and branched-chain amino acids synthesis, but not poly-β-hydroxy butyrate synthesis.

Lysine metabolism plays an important role in the formation of the insecticidal crystal proteins of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt). The genes lam, gabD and sucA encode three key enzymes of the lysine metabolic pathway in Bt4.0718. The lam gene mainly affects the cell growth at stable period, negligibly affected sporulation and insecticidal crystal protein (ICP) production. While, the deletion mutant strains of the gabD and sucA genes showed that the growth, sporulation and crystal protein formation were inhibited, cells became slender, and insecticidal activity was significantly reduced. iTRAQ proteomics and qRT-PCR used to analyse the differentially expressed protein (DEP) between the two mutant strains and the wild type strain. The functions of DEPs were visualized and statistically classified, which affect bacterial growth and metabolism by regulating biological metabolism pathways: the major carbon metabolism pathways, amino acid metabolism, oxidative phosphorylation pathways, nucleic acid metabolism, fatty acid synthesis and peptidoglycan synthesis. The gabD and sucA genes in lysine metabolic pathway are closely related to the sporulation and crystal proteins formation. The effects of DEPs and functional genes on basic cellular metabolic pathways were studied to provide new strategies for the construction of highly virulent insecticidal strains, the targeted transformation of functional genes.

Additional file 1: Figure S1. KEGG analysis of the proteomics. After obtaining the KEGG annotation for each protein, Pathway classification statistics were performed on the proteins, and the Pathway distribution of protein participation was identified; Figure S2. EggNOG annotation. EggNOG statistics were performed on the protein, and the orthologous group of the protein was identified; Figure S3. GO annotation of the proteomic. GO function classification statistics of the protein were obtained, and the functional distribution characteristics of the protein were identified; Figure S4. Map of protein molecular weight distribution. Most of the proteins it contains are concentrated in 10 kDa to 60 kDa.

Two new coordination polymers with the formulas of [La(BTB)(H2O)](H2O) (1) and [Sr4(OH)5(H2O)5(TATB)2]·(H2NMe2)3(H2O)3 (2) have been synthesized using two similar tritopic carboxylate ligand 1,3,5-...

This paper describes the development of a novel multi-target multispectral pyrometer to remotely measure the true temperature of the plume of a solid fuel rocket engine in a harsh environment ground test. Using an optical fiber transmission technique, the core part of the instrument can be located 100 m away from the test site, so the influence of the harsh environment can be reduced and the instrument reliability improved. Optics are separated from prisms to accurately locate targets. Based on preamplifier circuits and parallelly adjacent pixels of the photodiode detectors, the measurement lower limit can reach 900 °C. The pyrometer is validated against experimental data from field measurements of a solid fuel rocket motor plume. The results demonstrate that the true temperature of the solid fuel rocket engine plume can be acceptably measured with the proposed pyrometer.

Aeromonas veronii is a widely distributed novel pathogen that can affect humans and animals, it can cause sepsis in fish with high mortality and serious economic losses to aquaculture. In the study, the gut microbiome of the infected and uninfected grass carp with Aeromonas veronii were analyzed probiotics and pathogenic bacteria by the Miseq high-throughput sequencing, the results showed that the infected fish were significantly higher in Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Fusobacteria, and the immune factors in liver and kidney were up-regulated by qRT-PCR. In order to effectively inhibit the pathogen, we screened an actinomycete strain and had good antibacterial effect on Aeromonas veronii. The new antagonistic bacteria was named as Streptomyces flavotricini X101, the whole genome sequencing revealed that the metabolic process was most active. After grass carp was inoculated with the minimum inhibitory concentration of 900 μg/mL of the strain's fermentation supernatant, then Aeromonas veronii was injected, we found that the pathological symptoms such as body surface, anus and abdominal congestion were alleviated by H&E staining. Cellular experiments showed that it wasn't toxic to liver cells of grass carp. Overall, this is the first study of changes in intestinal flora, phenotype, and immune factors in grass crap infected with Aeromonas veronii, it had important theoretical significance and application value for immunization and prevention.

In addition to forming spores, Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) 4.0718 can produce toxins, insecticidal crystal protein (ICP) and vegetative insecticidal protein (Vip). The Bt spoIVA was successfully knocked out by gene recombination and was shown to inhibit sporulation. The mutant strain also exhibited significantly decreased growth and crystal formation, which inhibited spore formation and partially reduced the rate of crystal synthesis. The 50 % lethal concentrations (LC50) values of Bt 4.0718, replacement, complementation and multi-copy mutant strains against the fourth larval stage of H. armigera was determined as 5.422, 6.776, 6.223 and 5.018 μg/mL, respectively. A total of 1814 proteins were identified through isobaric tags for relative and absolute protein (iTRAQ), with 41 and 54 up and downregulated proteins observed. Gene ontology enrichment analysis showed that differentially expressed proteins were primarily involved in the biological process and molecular function. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis confirmed that 9 differential expressed genes exhibited a positive correlation between changes at transcriptional and translational levels. The results of this study provide a basis for further studies of the metabolic regulatory network of spores and crystal protein formation. Moreover, they can be used to ecologically safe insecticide of farmland production because the constructed Bt spoIVA mutants did not produce spores.Provides new ideas for the targeted improvement and application of environmentally friendly spore-free strains.

The small heat shock protein plays an important role in response to stresses. We wanted to investigate how Hsp20 affects sporulation and production of insecticidal crystal proteins (ICPs) in Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) at the stationary growth phase when cells are starved. The hsp20 gene was knocked out in Bt4.0718 (wide type), which is a B. thuringiensis strain screened in our laboratory, using endonuclease I-SceI mediated unmarked gene replacement method. Deletion of Hsp20 resulted in a decrease in both sporulation and ICPs production. Bt4-Δhsp20 cells and its ICP did not have a significant difference in shape and size but entered the decline phase 2 h earlier than the Bt4.0718. In order to find the mechanism that underlies these phenotypes, we completed a proteomic study of differentially expressed proteins (DEPs). In Bt4-Δhsp20 cells, 11 DEPs were upregulated and 184 DEPs downregulated. These affected DEPs are involved in multiple metabolic pathways: (1) six DEPs (two upregulated and four downregulated) are directly related to the sporulation and ICPs synthesis; (2) supply of amino acids including amino acid synthesis and protein recycling; (3) the energy supplementation (the tricarboxylic acid cycle and glycolysis); (4) purine metabolism and mRNA stability. These results suggest that hsp20 may be critical in maintaining the homeostasis of B. thuringiensis during the production of spores and ICPs, and could provide new sight into the sporulation and ICPs formation in B. thuringiensis.

Diabetic gastroparesis (DGP) is a common complication of diabetes mellitus (DM). The numerous clinical symptoms of DGP and the great cost on the treatment of DGP seriously lowered the patients' life quality. However, the pathogenic mechanism of DGP is still elusive till now. In this study, we aimed to explore the effect of higenamine on the proliferation and apoptosis of gastric smooth muscle cells (SMCs) in DGP rat model. The DGP rat model was built by intraperitoneal injection of Streptozotocin (STZ) into male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Compared with the healthy control group, the level of DGP indicator c-kit was strongly suppressed and the level of Gsα was largely elevated in the STZ-induced model group. By contrast, the addition of higenamine obviously counteracted the effect of STZ on the expression of c-kit and Gsα. Besides that, higenamine improved the decreased emptying ability of the stomach. In addition, the number of gastric SMCs was strongly decreased and cell morphology became irregular in STZ-induced model group. The treatment of higenamine weakened the harm of STZ on the number and morphology of gastric SMCs. Beyond that, higenamine promoted gastric SMCs proliferation and inhibited gastric SMCs apoptosis in DGP model. Further research revealed that higenamine regulated cell proliferation and apoptosis via activating the β2-AR/PI3K/AKT pathway. Taken together, our research revealed that higenamine maintained the survival of gastric SMCs in DGP rat model via the β2-AR/PI3K/AKT pathway, providing a new sight for the treatment of DGP.

Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) X022, which showed strong insecticidal activity against several Lepidopteran pests, is a novel strain isolated from soil in China. In this work, we performed whole genome sequencing of this Bt strain using the next-generation sequencing technology, and further conducted a comparative analysis with the proteomics data of the specific spore-release period based on LC-MS/MS approach. The Bt X022 genome consisted of one circular chromosomal DNA and seven plasmids, which were further functionally annotated using the RAST server. Comparative analysis of insecticidal substances showed that X022 contained genes coding for three Cry proteins (Cry1Ac, Cry1Ia and Cry2Ab) and a vegetative insecticidal protein (Vip3A). However, three insecticidal crystal proteins (ICPs) (Cry1Ca, Cry1Ac and Cry1Da) were detected by proteomics in the spore-release period. Moreover, a putative biosynthetic gene cluster and the metabolic pathway for poly-β-hydroxybutyrate in Bt X022 were deduced based on the comparative analysis of genomic and proteomic data, which revealed the metabolic regulation mechanism of carbon flux correlated with increased production of ICPs caused by Cu2+ . Hence, these results provided a deeper understanding of the genetic background and protein expression profile of Bt X022. This study established a foundation for directed genetic modification and further application of this new isolated Bt strain.

Exposure of Arabidopsis callus to microgravity has a significant impact on the expression of proteins involved in stress responses, carbohydrate metabolism, protein synthesis, intracellular trafficking, signaling, and cell wall biosynthesis. Microgravity is among the main environmental stress factors that affect plant growth and development in space. Understanding how plants acclimate to space microgravity is important to develop bioregenerative life-support systems for long-term space missions. To evaluate the spaceflight-associated stress and identify molecular events important for acquired microgravity tolerance, we compared proteomic profiles of Arabidopsis thaliana callus grown under microgravity on board the Chinese spacecraft SZ-8 with callus grown under 1g centrifugation (1g control) in space. Alterations in the proteome induced by microgravity were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography—electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry with isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation labeling. Forty-five proteins showed significant (p

The systematic repeat-accumulate (RA) code is constituted by a repeater, an interleaver, a combiner and an accumulator. Under the sum-product decoding on the Tanner graph of the code, the performance of RA codes with random interleaver is affected by short cycles of parity-check matrix. In this paper, we present combinatorial design of interleaver. The RA code with new interleaver can produce very high code rate and its parity-check matrix is free of 4-cycles. Thus the codes are likely to be used in long haul optical fiber communication system. We analyze the performance of the systematic RA code in three optical fiber transmission models. Simulation results show that RA codes with combinatorial interleaver have better performance than that of the code with random interleaver in fiber communication system. The decoder based on Chi-square also has better performance than of the decoder based on Gaussian models

With the development of world economy, it is more and more common for women to become self-employed. But there is little research on the female entrepreneurship in the academic field. We find that gender difference has a certain extent of impact on entrepreneurship after reading thoroughly the relevant literature both home and abroad. This paper analyze the influence of gender difference on the characteristics of entrepreneurship from such five aspects as the motivation of entrepreneurship, the leading style as the entrepreneur, the selection of the industry, the size of entrepreneurship, and the channel of financing. Wish to provide some theoretical help for the domestic deep research on the female entrepreneurship.