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Three-dimensional carbon aerogel (CA800) was prepared from waste corrugated cardboard (WCC) by the procedure of slurrying, solvent replacement, drying, and carbonization in turn, and the product was explored as an all-in-one evaporator for solar steam generation without bulk water. Carbonization of the precursor was investigated using thermogravimetric analyzer coupled with Fourier transform infrared spectrometer. Results showed that CO2, CO, furfural, and levoglucosan were released during pyrolysis of WCC within the range of 300 to 390 °C, while polymerization of newly formed char between 390 and 580 °C mainly resulted in the formation of CO2 and CO. Both pyrolysis and polymerization reactions can be described by diffusion-controlled mechanisms, and the activation energies were 155.62 and 11.17 kJ mol−1, respectively. CA800 possessed a BET surface area of 210 m2 g−1. Light can be effectively absorbed and converted into heat by CA800, and its surface temperature achieving 73 °C under 1 kW m−2 irradiation. CA800 had outstanding wettability due to the presence of hydrophilic minerals in carbon matrix, and it was able to store as much as 15 times its own weight in water due to its abundant interconnected channels and hierarchical nanopores. Solar-driven water evaporation rate over CA800 achieved 1.72 kg m−2 (normalized to projection area), which was nearly 6 times higher than the value achieved by the bare water system. The photothermal conversion efficiency was calculated to be 118 %, and the overestimated efficiency was caused by the environmental energy gained by the cold evaporation surface of CA800.

In this work, for the first time, spent coffee grounds (SCGs) were utilized for photothermal conversion. SCG-coated filter paper was obtained by a facile vacuum filtration method, then a floatable interfacial solar steam generation (ISSG) device was fabricated by wrapping expandable polyethylene (EPE) foam with the SCG-coated filter paper. The photothermal property and solar-driven evaporation performance of the ISSG device were investigated. Experimental results showed that there were graphitic π electrons in SCG and it exhibited light adsorption above 50% within the wavelength of 200–720 nm. The surface temperature of the ISSG device can finally achieve 63.2 °C under 0.25 sun irradiation, and the solar steam yield was enhanced by 0.56 times with the assistance of the floating ISSG device on bulk water surface. This study can provide a feasible technical support for the effective utilization of SCG and water treatment via low-cost ISSG process.

Mechanically robust Fe3O4/porous carbon/diatomite composite monolith was prepared from waste corrugated cardboard box and diatomite via slurrying in FeCl3 solution, dewatering, molding, and carbonization at 600 °C. The products were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscope (SEM), N2-adsorption/desorption, Raman spectroscopy, and ultraviolet-visible-near-infrared (UV-Vis-NIR) spectroscopy. The water wettability, photothermal conversion property, and solar steam generation performance of the products were also evaluated. Results showed that the presence of FeCl3 led to the formation of more pores and magnetic Fe3O4 crystallites, while diatomite provided good hydrophilicity for the composite. The product exhibited light absorption above 65% within the wavelength ranging from 200 to1974 nm, and its surface temperature eventually increased by 30 °C under 0.25 sun irradiation due to photothermal effect. Moreover, solar steam yield under 0.25 sun irradiation for 3600 s was improved by 67% with the presence of the monolithic composite because of the occurrence of interfacial solar steam generation and heat transfer from the composite acted as a heat island.

Activated carbon monolith (ACM) was prepared from waste corrugated cardboard box (WCCB) via slurrying in seawater (SW) followed by dewatering, molding and heating under CO2 atmosphere. The thermal process was analyzed by thermogravimetric analyzer coupled with Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (TG-FTIR). ACM was characterized by N2-adsorption/desorption, FTIR, Raman spectroscopy and ultraviolet–visible-near infrared (UV–Vis-NIR) spectroscopy. The adsorption behavior of ACM for methylene blue (MB) and its solar steam generation performance were investigated. Results showed alkali and alkaline earth metals (AAEMs) in SW promoted the occurrence of pyrolysis of cellulose in WCCB at lower temperatures but inhibited the formation of organic volatiles, and the activation energy was reduced by 24.53 kJ mol−1. AAEMs catalyzed the formation of more CO during CO2 gasification of WCCB char between 755 and 860 °C, and the activation reaction with higher degree led to the formation of more micro- and mesopores in ACM at 785 °C. The adsorption behavior of ACM for MB fitted Langmuir model with a monolayer adsorption capacity of 174 mg g−1, and ACM in floating state was also effective in adsorption of MB from water. ACM exhibited high optical absorption above 90% within a broadband wavelength, and 66.7% higher water evaporation can be achieved with the assistance of ACM during solar steam generation under the same condition.

Porous carbon monoliths (PCMs) were prepared from waste corrugated cardboard box (WCCB) via slurrying in FeCl3 solution followed by molding and thermal treatment. The thermal process was analyzed by a thermogravimetric analyzer coupled with a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer. The evolution of physicochemical characteristics of PCMs was studied. The photothermal conversion and solar steam generation performances of the optimal sample (PCMFe/600) were evaluated. The adsorption properties of PCMFe/600 for methylene blue (MB) were investigated. Results showed that Fe3+ promoted the breaking of cellulose chains in WCCB, leading to the occurrence of pyrolysis of WCCB at lower temperatures and the reduction of activation energy by 76.63 kJ mol−1. Char yield raised because volatile radicals were captured by FeCl3-derived amorphous Fe(III) species, then involved in char formation. Amorphous Fe(III) continuously converted into Fe3O4 crystallites with carbonization temperature increasing from 400 to 700 °C, then α-Fe was formed at 800 °C via the carbothermal reduction of Fe3O4. FeCl3 was favorable to the formation of a developed microporous structure. Surface area significantly increased with carbonization temperature increasing from 400 to 600 °C due to the removal of volatiles. The etching of carbon by Fe3O4 above 700 °C also led to the increase of surface area. PCMFe/600 exhibited higher optical absorption than other samples due to its high graphite degree and porosity. It also had excellent photothermal performance; thus, solar steam yield was 1.46 times that of the pure water with the assistance of PCMFe/600. PCMFe/600 in floating state was effective in adsorption of MB from water. Besides, the adsorption behavior fitted Langmuir model with a monolayer adsorption capacity reached up to 70.9 mg g−1.

Introduction: Latin dance is an emerging sport with rapid popularization in China. Along with the increase of world competitions in Latin dance, its rules are in constant progress demanding high motor coordination and balance skills from the athlete. In an attempt to keep up with the quality required by international competitions, rehabilitation must also be innovated. Objective: Explore the application of functional rehabilitation training to ankle injuries in Latin dance dancers. Methods: 65 athletes from a Latin dance club were selected as subjects and divided into research and control groups, with 33 and 32, respectively. The control group received the same daily training, while the study group was added a specific protocol involving rehabilitation with functional training. Functional indices were categorized, subjective analysis and pain were collected before and after the intervention. Results: The results showed that the pain score of the study group went from 5.71±0.49 to 2.21±0.19, while the control group started with 5.69±0.41 ending at 4.78±0.31 after training. There was no significant difference in the visual analog pain scale score between the two groups before training (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Functional training rehabilitation can improve the rate of exercise in ankle injuries on Latin dance practitioners. Evidence Level II; Therapeutic Studies - Investigating the result. RESUMO Introdução: A dança latina é um esporte emergente com rápida popularização na China. Juntamente com o aumento das competições mundiais de dança latina, suas regras de estão em constante progresso exigindo altas habilidades de coordenação motora e equilíbrio do atleta. A reabilitação também deve ser inovada para acompanhar a qualidade requerida pelos padrões das competições internacionais. Objetivo: Explorar a aplicação do treinamento de reabilitação funcional em lesões no tornozelo de dançarinos da dança latina. Métodos: 65 atletas de um clube de dança latina foram selecionados como sujeitos e divididos em grupos de pesquisa e grupos de controle, com 33 e 32, respectivamente. O grupo de controle recebeu o mesmo treinamento cotidiano, enquanto ao grupo de estudo foi acrescentado um protocolo específico envolvendo reabilitação com treinamento funcional. Índices funcionais foram categorizados e análise subjetiva e dor também foi coletada antes e após a intervenção. Resultados: Os resultados mostraram que a pontuação da dor do grupo de estudo foi de 5,71±0,49 para 2,21±0,19, enquanto o grupo de controle iniciou com 5,69±0,41 finalizando em 4,78±0,31 depois do treinamento. Não houve diferença significativa na pontuação da escala visual analógica de dor entre os dois grupos antes do treinamento (P > 0,05). Conclusão: A reabilitação com treinamento funcional pode melhorar a taxa de reabilitação para exercícios no público praticante de dança latina com lesões no tornozelo. Nível de evidência II; Estudos Terapêuticos - Investigação de Resultados. RESUMEN Introducción: El baile latino es un deporte emergente con una rápida popularización en China. Junto con el aumento de las competiciones mundiales de bailes latinos, sus reglas están en constante progreso exigiendo al atleta una gran coordinación motora y habilidades de equilibrio. La rehabilitación también debe ser innovadora para estar a la altura de la calidad exigida por las normas de las competiciones internacionales. Objetivo: Explorar la aplicación del entrenamiento de rehabilitación funcional en las lesiones de tobillo en los bailarines de danza latina. Métodos: Se seleccionaron 65 atletas de un club de baile latino como sujetos y se dividieron en grupos de investigación y de control, con 33 y 32, respectivamente. El grupo de control recibió el mismo entrenamiento diario, mientras que al grupo de estudio se le añadió un protocolo específico de rehabilitación con entrenamiento funcional. Se clasificaron los índices funcionales y también se recogió el análisis subjetivo y el dolor antes y después de la intervención. Resultados: Los resultados mostraron que la puntuación de dolor del grupo de estudio pasó de 5,71±0,49 a 2,21±0,19, mientras que el grupo de control empezó con 5,69±0,41 y terminó con 4,78±0,31 después del entrenamiento. No hubo diferencias significativas en la puntuación de la escala analógica visual del dolor entre los dos grupos antes del entrenamiento (P > 0,05). Conclusión: La rehabilitación con entrenamiento funcional puede mejorar el índice de rehabilitación para el ejercicio en practicantes de baile latino con lesiones de tobillo. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - Investigación de resultados.

With the rapid development of the economy in our country, modern new materials and new technologies have emerged, which have gradually replaced the use of traditional building materials as well as related technologies. However, as the most intuitionistic embodiment and cultural carrier in the process of architectural design and expression, the congenial construction materials will inevitably reduce the architectural diversity and culture connotation, and make the regional differences disappear gradually. Based on this, this paper explores the combination of traditional building materials with modern technology and techniques to realize the renewal and utilization of the traditional construction materials, better reflect the regional culture of Lingnan architecture and enrich the diversity of modern architecture.

Activated carbon foam was prepared via direct pyrolysis of waste bread (WB) under CO2 atmosphere. The product was characterized by N2 adsorption/desorption and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The preparation process was investigated online by a thermogravimetric analyzer coupled with FTIR (TG-FTIR). The adsorption isotherms of methylene blue (MB) by the product were investigated. The experimental data demonstrated that the product had a high surface area of 1575 m2 g−1 and a total pore volume of 0.883 cm3 g−1. Thermal decomposition of polymers in WB mainly occurred between 200 and 500 °C, leading to the release of carbonyl compounds, aliphatic hydrocarbons, alcohols, and furans. The dominant CO2 activation process started at above 800 °C. The MB adsorption equilibrium data followed Langmuir model with a monolayer adsorption capacity of 403 mg g−1. This study provides a reference for the utilization of WB as a promising precursor of activated carbon foam adsorbent, which has highly porous structure and excellent floatability in water.

Non-isothermal pyrolysis and gasification of Enteromorpha prolifera (also known as Ulva prolifera) under a CO2 atmosphere were investigated by thermogravimetry analysis. The gaseous products were measured online with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy coupled with thermogravimetry. The kinetic parameters of pyrolysis and gasification reactions were obtained using the Coats–Redfern method. The experimental results showed that Enteromorpha prolifera had two derivative thermogravimetry peaks centered at 240 and 800°C, indicating the pyrolysis of organics and gasification of char, respectively. Carboxylic acids, ethers, and alcohols were the dominating condensable products generated from pyrolysis between 230 and 300°C. H2O, CH4, and aliphatic hydrocarbons were also formed in this temperature range, and they were also continuously released at higher temperatures, indicating further polymerization of the freshly generated pyrolytic char. CO was mainly produced between 700 and 900°C, and its yield was much higher than that of the pyrolytic gaseous products. The Ginstling equation (the D4 model) proved to be the most probable mechanism function for both the pyrolysis and gasification stages, with activation energies of 138.30 and 93.43 kJ mol−1, respectively.

A novel activated carbon fiber aerogel (ACFA) was prepared in one step via pyrolysis of cotton under pure CO2 atmosphere. The product was characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), N2-ads...

Traditional local material is an important way to express regional architecture. As the most direct carrier to reflect regional characteristics, materials can realize the adaptability of regional architecture to the greatest extent. In this article, through analysis on brick, stone, earth, oyster shell as a representative of the Lingnan area regional traditional materials, material properties, an analysis of the regional characteristics of expression, as a case study of Casa da Cheang details its expression and function of regional material, for Lingnan area offer reference for the development of the regional architecture.

Mechanically robust Fe

Porous carbons (PCs) were prepared from seawater (SW)-impregnated sawdust (SD) by CO2 activation at 700 °C. The preparation process was investigated on-line by thermogravimetric analyzer coupled with FTIR (TG-FTIR). PCs were characterized by N2-adsorption/desorption and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The adsorption abilities of PCs for oxytetracycline (OTC) were compared and the adsorption isotherms of OTC on the optimum sample were studied. Results showed that SW impregnation led to the release of more CO from SD at 700 °C, indicating a higher degree of CO2 activation, thus a 81% higher BET surface area (SBET) can be achieved under the same activation condition. Mesopore volume of PC increased from 0.089 to 0.301 cm3 g−1 with the activation time increasing from 5 to 60 min. PC obtained after 60-min activation with a SBET of 490 m2 g−1 and an average pore diameter of 3.78 nm had the highest adsorption ability for OTC. Its adsorption equilibrium data for OTC followed Langmuir model with a maximum monolayer adsorption capacity up to 100 mg g−1.

During the investigation in the South China Sea in the summer of 2018, the sea water samples were for temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, pH, nutrient salts (NO3-N, NO2-N, NH4-N, PO4-P, SiO3-Si), essential elements (Na, K, Mg, Ca, Sr, Cl, Br, B), trace elements (Cu, Zn, Fe Mn, Ni, Se, Mo, Co and V), heavy metal (Hg, Pb, As, Cd), organic elements (TOC, DOC, GOC), chlorophyll and microorganisms analyses from different layers of 12 stations according to the standard sampling specifications. The seawater samples of different depths were directly measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The distribution of several elements in the South China Sea water was investigated. It could be seen from the analytical results that the water temperature, salinity, pH, dissolved oxygen, the content of NO3-N, PO4-P, SiO3-Si, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Sr2+, Cl-, Br-, B3+, Zn, Mn, V, Cr, GOC and Chlorophyll was significantly correlated with depth of seawater.

As the country continues to pay attention to the goal of carbon neutrality, a series of green building design methods, application technologies, and evaluation standards have emerged in the construction field. Among them, passive buildings are used as a technology that does not require mechanical devices for heating, ventilation, and heat dissipation. High attention from the industry. In this context, this article explores the development of passive construction in Macau, analyzes the application status of this technology in Macau, summarizes and puts forward the key points and feasibility recommendations of passive construction technology in Macau and areas with similar geographic climates. It is passive construction technology. Provide basis and basic data for the application and certification of related evaluation standards in Macau.

As the only existing example of the Night Watch House building in Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macau, the Patane Night Watch House has become one of the common cultural relic building restoration methods and revitalization design ideas in Macau. Study and explore the restoration problems from four aspects: the historical development of the Macau Museum, the construction context, the Lingnan architectural characteristics, the methods and materials of the restoration project, and hope that this will be used as a follow-up of similar types of buildings in Macau and the Lingnan Cantonese area to provide some experience reference.