Search

Abstract Thirty-six structurally diverse sesquiterpenoids, including caryolanes (1–12), germacranes (13–16), isodaucane (17), cadinanes (18–22), epicubenols (23, 24), oplopanane (25), pallenanes (26, 27), and eudesmanes (28–36), were isolated from the fermentation broth of Streptomyces fulvorobeus derived from Elephas maximus feces. Pallenane is a kind of rarely reported sesquiterpene with a distinctive C5/C3 bicyclic skeleton and was firstly found from microbial source. The structures of fifteen new compounds (1–4, 13–15, 17, 18, 22, 23, 25–28) were established through detailed spectroscopic data analysis, which included data from experimental and calculated ECD spectra as well as Mosher’s reagent derivative method. Compound 34 exhibited moderate antifungal activity against Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii with MIC values of 50 μg/mL. It effectively inhibited biofilm formation and destroyed the preformed biofilm, as well as hindered the adhesion of Cryptococcus species. The current work would enrich the chemical diversity of sesquiterpenoid family. Graphical Abstract

Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a common psychiatric disorder that has a complex pathological mechanism. During the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic, patients with SCZ had substantially higher rates of infection with SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, as well as higher COVID-19 mortality relative to patients with other mental disorders. However, the reasons for these increased rates in patients with SCZ remain unknown. In this review, we hypothesize that certain molecular pathways exhibit abnormal function in both COVID-19 and SCZ, with a focus on those related to energy metabolism dysregulation, immune system disruption, and abnormalities of the central nervous system. We review that dysregulation of energy metabolism can result in disruptions to the immune system and abnormalities within the central nervous system (CNS). Furthermore, immune system disturbances may also contribute to CNS abnormalities in both SCZ and COVID-19. We also discuss macro-factors associated with the high infection and mortality rates of COVID-19 in patients with SCZ, including sociodemographic factors, reduced access to psychiatric healthcare, structural barriers to COVID-19 vaccination, and proposed approaches to mitigate these macro-factors.

Sepsis is the main cause of death in critically ill patients in clinic, with high incidence and complicated pathogenesis. Coagulation system is an important factor of the pathogenesis and lethal mechanism of sepsis, especially sepsis complicated with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), which is the dual effect of coagulation cascade reaction and inflammatory immune response. This paper describes the molecular mechanism and the latest treatment research progress of DIC in sepsis, in order to provide new ideas and methods for clinical work.

Abstract Color centers in silicon carbide (SiC) offer exciting possibilities for quantum information processing. However, the challenge of ionization during optical manipulation leads to charge variations, hampering the efficacy of spin-photon interfaces. Recent research predicted that modified divacancy color centers can stabilize their charge states, resisting photoionization. This study presents a method for precisely creating single divacancy arrays in 4H-SiC using a focused helium ion beam. Photoluminescence tests reveal consistent emission with minimal linewidth fluctuations (∼50 MHz over 3 h). By measuring the ionization rate for different polytypes of divacancies, we found that the modified divacancies are more robust against resonant excitation. Furthermore, angle-resolved photoluminescence excitation spectra unveil two resonant-transition lines with orthogonal polarizations. Enhanced optical and spin characteristics were notably observed in these color centers compared to those generated through carbon-ion and shallow implantation methods, positioning modified divacancies as promising contenders for advancing quantum networking.

As the people's health and wellness needs continue to grow, traditional dietary nutrition, medicinal diets and other "treatment of disease" concept is increasingly popular, with "food and medicine substances", new food raw materials such as raw materials, new food, internet celebrity food endless, promoting the market to promote the promotion of food to strengthen the body and even prevent the treatment of disease "functionalization" trend is becoming increasingly significant. Even the prevention and treatment of disease "functionalization" trend is becoming more and more significant. Due to the fact that the regulatory positioning of food function claims is yet to be clarified, coupled with the people's limited knowledge of health food that can claim health care functions, and other factors, there has been an increase in the number of illegal behaviors such as false propaganda and illegal additives to food on the market, and these illegal behaviors mainly occur through network sales, conference marketing and so on, which seriously affects the safety of the consumers and their legitimate rights and interests. In order to standardize the management of food claims in China, it is recommended that, on the basis of strengthening risk assessment and strict supervision and law enforcement, focusing on improving the relevant regulations and standards, strengthening the popularization and publicity of food safety, and forming a synergy in the governance of food safety.

Laser scribing effectively reduces the energy loss of grain-oriented silicon steel in alternating and pulsating magnetic fields. This study focuses on the 27Q120 material, analyzes the macroscopic surface morphology and iron loss variations of grain-oriented silicon steel under the influence of two types of laser spots (circular spots without the application of a diffractive optical element (DOE) and rectangular spots formed by a DOE), laser power (600 W–2400 W), and scribing spacing (3.5 mm–7.5 mm) as process parameters. The relationship between magnetic domain width, stress, and iron loss was analyzed. The result shows that the iron loss improvement rates (β) achieved with circular and rectangular spot scribing were 16.054% and 17.116%, respectively. Corresponding magnetic domain widths were 0.17754 mm and 0.1636 mm, with hysteresis losses of 0.5114 W/kg and 0.5033 W/kg, respectively. Under the same laser power and scribing spacing, a lower energy density significantly reduced the damage to the surface macroscopic morphology by the laser, leading to improved iron loss. Furthermore, the iron loss of grain-oriented steel is positively correlated with the width of magnetic domains and negatively correlated with compressive stress.

Abstract Background The post COVID-19 health condition of Chinese residents infected with Omicron is not clear after the change of epidemic prevention policies. This study aimed to clarify the epidemiology and associated factors about health status of rehabilitation patients. Methods A quick questionnaire study based on C19-YRSm was conducted in mainland China through internet from May 1, 2023, to May 7, 2023. Chinese native speakers infected with Omicron variant agreed to participate were included. Persisting symptom and living habits were simultaneously inquired. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify the associated factors. Results In this study 753 individuals were included. Of whom 57.90% were males, 89.38% did not seek medical service, 99.47% recovered within less than 120 days. Breathlessness (47.68%), cognitive impairment (44.89%), Anxiety/mood changes (33.20%), pain/discomfort (32.94%), fatigue or tiredness not improved by rest (32.27%) and post-exertional malaise (30.01%) were the top reported key symptoms. Less than 10% respondents reported functional limitations. The prevalence of fever was reported greater than that of other symptoms, with dry eyes at 14.87%, appetite change at 14.34%, and hair loss at 12.22%. Middle age (OR: 2.353, 95%CI: 1.171 ~ 4.729), underlying diseases (OR: 2.293, 95%CI: 1.216 ~ 4.324), severe key symptom (OR: 6.168, 95%CI: 1.376 ~ 27.642) and at least one other symptom (OR: 1.847, 95%CI: 1.225 ~ 2.718)during the recovery were the risk factors of poor overall health after infection (current overall health score

Abstract The 24 solar terms are a significant component of traditional Chinese culture. Amid global warming climate change, research on the Solar Terms has gained increasing prominence. Identifying the geographical origins of the Solar Terms not only provides evidence for studies on the origins of Chinese agricultural civilization but also serves as a critical foundation for the innovative utilization of traditional culture in the modern era. Previous research has primarily relied on historical records, literature review, and field investigation, often challenged by the vast and complex data, the difficulty distinguishing authenticity, the time-consuming nature of the work, and the need for direct scientific evidence. The STTMD (Solar Terms Typical Meteorological Day) method was used for typifying solar term meteorological data sequences, supplemented by isothermal estimation and clustering analysis. This approach was further validated using key crop germplasm sites, phenological indicators, and phenological observation contour maps. The results derived from statistical methods are cross-referenced with historical documents to infer the geographical origins of the 24 Solar Terms. The findings indicate that: (1)On a larger spatial scale, the Solar Terms originated in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River; (2)On a smaller spatial scale, the "Luoyang-Zhengzhou-Anyang" triangle is the most probable origin area; (3)The core area of origin is hypothesized to be in present-day Xingyang, Henan Province, or slightly further north. These results are consistent with historical literature and phenological records of crops, offering a novel analysis and transformative insights into the knowledge of Solar Terms. The study provides valuable evidence or methodological inspiration for historical agricultural research in China and offers references for agricultural production and the environmental impacts of global warming.

Abstract Objective To analyze primary angle closure suspect (PACS) patients’ anatomical characteristics of anterior chamber configuration, and to establish artificial intelligence (AI)-aided diagnostic system for PACS screening. Methods A total of 1668 scans of 839 patients were included in this cross-sectional study. The subjects were divided into two groups: PACS group and normal group. With anterior segment optical coherence tomography scans, the anatomical diversity between two groups was compared, and anterior segment structure features of PACS were extracted. Then, AI-aided diagnostic system was constructed, which based different algorithms such as classification and regression tree (CART), random forest (RF), logistic regression (LR), VGG-16 and Alexnet. Then the diagnostic efficiencies of different algorithms were evaluated, and compared with junior physicians and experienced ophthalmologists. Results RF [sensitivity (Se) = 0.84; specificity (Sp) = 0.92; positive predict value (PPV) = 0.82; negative predict value (NPV) = 0.95; area under the curve (AUC) = 0.90] and CART (Se = 0.76, Sp = 0.93, PPV = 0.85, NPV = 0.92, AUC = 0.90) showed better performance than LR (Se = 0.68, Sp = 0.91, PPV = 0.79, NPV = 0.90, AUC = 0.86). In convolutional neural networks (CNN), Alexnet (Se = 0.83, Sp = 0.95, PPV = 0.92, NPV = 0.87, AUC = 0.85) was better than VGG-16 (Se = 0.84, Sp = 0.90, PPV = 0.85, NPV = 0.90, AUC = 0.79). The performance of 2 CNN algorithms was better than 5 junior physicians, and the mean value of diagnostic indicators of 2 CNN algorithm was similar to experienced ophthalmologists. Conclusion PACS patients have distinct anatomical characteristics compared with health controls. AI models for PACS screening are reliable and powerful, equivalent to experienced ophthalmologists.

Abstract The absence of catalytic asymmetric methods for synthesizing chiral (hetero)bicyclo[n.1.1]alkanes has hindered their application in new drug discovery. Here we demonstrate the achievability of an asymmetric polar cycloaddition of bicyclo[1.1.0]butane using a chiral Lewis acid catalyst and a bidentate chelating bicyclo[1.1.0]butane substrate, as exemplified by the current enantioselective formal (3 + 3) cycloaddition of bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes with nitrones. In addition to the diverse bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes incorporating an acyl imidazole group or an acyl pyrazole moiety, a wide array of nitrones are compatible with this Lewis acid catalysis, successfully assembling two congested quaternary carbon centers and a chiral aza-trisubstituted carbon center in the pharmaceutically important hetero-bicyclo[3.1.1]heptane product with up to 99% yield and >99% ee.