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INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: Plasmacytoma is a neoplastic proliferation of a plasma cell clone which produces monoclonal immunoglobulin. Solitary plasmacytoma of bone is defined by the presence of a single plasmacytoma in the absence of multiple osteolytic lesions or other findings compatible with multiple myeloma. We report an older patient with solitary plasmacytoma of the sternum associated with atypical clinical findings which complicated diagnosis and possible progression to multiple myeloma. CASE REPORT: A 74-year-old woman sought medical care due to mental confusion, tachydyspnea, and chest pain after a fall with blunt trauma to the anterior chest. During admission, the patient developed refractory hyponatremia, superficial thrombophlebitis in the left upper limb, periorbital cellulitis, endophthalmitis, and sternal osteomyelitis. Serum protein electrophoresis showed a polyclonal increase in gamma globulins. Biopsy result was compatible with plasmacytoma. A computed tomography scan showed no additional lesions. Progression was poor, with chronic renal failure exacerbated by probable tumor lysis syndrome, resulting in death. CONCLUSION: The present findings emphasize the importance of considering a diagnostic hypothesis of plasmacytoma/multiple myeloma in older patients with a set of varied clinical signs, such as anemia, renal failure, pathological fracture, and repetitive infections.

This study aims to evaluate the video modeling technique during the dental appointment. A blinded randomized clinical trial was composed of 2 groups, consisting of 20 autistic children (4 to 12 years) in each group: control (did not watch the video before the consultation) and intervention (watched the video before the consultation). The primary outcome was the mean number of visits to perform a dental appointment. The number of consultations was analyzed by T-test or Mann-Whitney test. The results showed that the mean number of consultations in the intervention group was 1.5 (± 1.53) and in the control group 2 (± 1.77) (p [less than or equal to] 0.05). The video modeling technique can be effective in minimizing the number of dental consultations in autistic children.

Abstract Background The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that HIV treatment scale-up is accompanied by a robust assessment of drug resistance emergence and transmission. The WHO HIV Drug Resistance (HIVDR) monitoring and surveillance strategy includes HIVDR testing in adults both initiating and receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART). Due to limited information about HIVDR in Mozambique, we conducted two nationally representative surveys of adults initiating and receiving first-line ART regimes to better inform the HIV program. Methods We carried out a cross-sectional study between March 2017 and December 2019. Adults (older than 15 years) living with HIV (PLHIV) initiating ART or receiving first-line ART for between 9-15 months at 25 health facilities across all eleven provinces in Mozambique were included. Genotypic HIVDR was assessed on dried blood spots (DBS) when viral loads were ≥ 1000 copies/ml. Genotypic resistance for non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs), nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), and protease inhibitors (PIs) was determined using the Stanford HIV database algorithm 9.5 and calibrated population resistance tool 8.1. Results Of 828 participants -enrolled, viral load (VL) testing was performed on 408 initiators and 409 ART experienced. Unsuppressed VL was found in 68.1% 419 initiators and 18.8% (77/409) of the ART experienced. Of the 278 initiators and 70 ART experienced who underwent sequencing, 51.7% (144/278) and 75.7% (53/70) were sequenced successfully. Among the new initiators, pretreatment drug resistance (PDR) for NNRTI and PI was found in 16.0% (23/144) and 1.4% (2/144) of the participants, respectively. Acquired drug resistance (ADR) was found in 56.5% (30/53) of the ART-experienced participants of whom 24.5% (13/53) were resistant to both NRTI and NNRTI. Conclusion High rates of PDR and ADR for NNRTI and ADR for NRTI were observed in our study. These findings support the replacement of NNRTIs with dolutegravir (DTG) but high levels of NRTI resistance in highly treatment-experienced individuals still require attention when transitioning to new regimens. Moreover, the study underlines the need for routine VL testing and HIVDR surveillance to improve treatment management strategies.

As plantas espontâneas podem ocasionar reduções na produtividade dos cultivos agrícolas pela competição por nutrientes, luminosidade e água. A utilização de materiais de cobertura do solo pode auxiliar no controle dessas plantas indesejadas. O objetivo proposto deste estudo foi avaliar a utilização da lã ovina de descarte no controle de espécies espontâneas e na produtividade do repolho. A hipótese formulada foi que solos cobertos com lã ovina apresentam menor quantidade de plantas espontâneas e maior produtividade de repolho em comparação a solos sem cobertura ou cobertos com palha. O experimento foi conduzido durante o outono de 2021 em Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brasil. Os materiais de cobertura utilizados nesse estudo apresentaram pequena redução na quantidade de plantas espontâneas em relação ao solo sem cobertura. No entanto, os maiores rendimentos individuais e por área para a cultura do repolho foram alcançados no solo coberto com a lã ovina. A fertilidade oferecida pela lã bem como a retenção da umidade e diminuição da evapotranspiração do solo são apontadas como causas para o aumento da produtividade da cultura.

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the in vitro fermentation products, digestibility, gas production (GP) kinetics, and enteric greenhouse emissions (CH4 and CO2) of substrates with different forage:concentrate ratios (100F, grass hay only; 100C, concentrate mixture only, and mixture, an equal proportion of them) within non-woven fabric (NWT; 100 g/m2) or F57 (Ankom®) filter bags compared to directly dispersed in the medium (DIS), arranged in a 3 × 3 factorial arrangement. Substrates (0.5 g) were incubated using an AnkomRF GP System. Gas samples were collected during 24 and 48 h of incubation. We observed substrate × dispersion method interactions on GP at 48 h (GP48) and on in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD). The GP48 and IVOMD of the 100C substrate were greatest in DIS, intermediate in NWT, and least in F57. With mixture substrate, there were no differences in GP48 and IVOMD between DIS and NWT, but they were greater than in F57. The GP48 and IVOMD were greater in NWT than in DIS and F57 when 100F was incubated. There were no dispersion method × substrate interactions on molar proportions and total volatile fatty acids. With the increase in forage:concentrate ratio incubated, there was a linear decrease in CH4 and CO2 emission relative to organic matter digested. Overall, CH4 and CO2 emissions and digestibility were lower when substrates were incubated within filter bags. The noteworthy interaction between the incubation method and substrates indicates that the ranking of these variables for substrates with differing fermentabilities changes with the dispersion method employed.

La sobrecarga de rol en la familia puede ser entendida como un sentimiento de incapacidad para completar las obligaciones que son responsabilidad del individuo, y esta dificultad ocurre debido a la acumulación de tareas en la familia, lo que puede causar malestar. El objetivo de este estudio fue obtener evidencias de la validez de la Escala de Sobrecarga del Rol Familiar en muestras brasileñas. Participaron en el estudio 640 trabajadores brasileños de ambos sexos. Los análisis factoriales confirmatorios mostraron que la versión brasileña se mantuvo monofactorial y con seis ítems. Los análisis multigrupo mostraron invariancia configuracional, métrica y escalar entre los grupos divididos en función del género y de la presencia o ausencia de hijos. La escala mostró correlaciones positivas con las demandas familiares percibidas y el conflicto familia-trabajo y una correlación negativa con el apoyo social percibido en la familia. Por lo tanto, se concluyó que el instrumento posee propiedades psicométricas que recomiendan su uso en futuras investigaciones.

In 2015, a marine mesocosm facility was designed and implemented by the Coral Vivo Project in its research station (Porto Seguro, Bahia State, Brazil) to initially study the effects of global impacts, especially ocean warming and acidification, on coral reefs. However, local impacts, including seawater contamination with metal(loid)s, are considered as a major threat to coral reefs. Also, in 2015, the largest disaster involving a mining dam occurred in Brazil. Iron (Fe) mining tailings originated from the dam failure affected not only freshwater ecosystems (rivers, lakes and lagoons), but also adjacent beaches, mangroves, restingas, reefs and other marine systems. Seawater, sediments and biota were contaminated with metal(loid)s, especially Fe, arsenic (As), mercury (Hg) and manganese (Mn). Therefore, we aimed to adapt the marine mesocosm facility of the Coral Vivo Project to evaluate the bioaccumulation and biological impacts of increasing concentrations of dissolved Fe on a diversity of reef organisms. Results obtained indicate a great versatility and reliability of the marine mesocosm system for application in biological and ecological studies on the isolated effect of seawater dissolved Fe on reef organisms of different functional groups simultaneously. • Studies involving seawater enrichment with dissolved Fe can be performed using a marine mesocosm system. • The marine mesocosm is a reliable tool to study the isolated effects of metal(loid)s on reef organisms.

Objetivo: analizar los costes de la formación en planificación reproductiva, con la inserción, revisión y retirada de dispositivos intrauterinos por parte del personal de enfermería. Método: estudio de caso, con datos recogidos entre mayo y diciembre de 2022, en Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil. La evaluación de los microcostes se llevó a cabo utilizando el cálculo de costes por absorción. Resultados: Se analizaron los datos de cinco clases en 2022, con un total de 70 enfermeros, y se identificaron los gastos y los costes directos e indirectos de ofrecer el curso. El coste por clase fue de R$17.846,89/U$3.307,79), con una media de R$1.820,38 o U$337,39/alumno/edición. En comparación con otros cursos similares, se considera un curso de bajo coste con resultados prometedores para la calidad de la atención sanitaria sexual y reproductiva. Conclusión: Invertir en la formación de enfermeros en planificación reproductiva ayuda a reducir los indicadores de morbilidad y mortalidad materna e infantil asociados a los embarazos no planificados.

Objective: To analyze the costs of training in reproductive planning, with nurses' insertion, revision, and removal of intrauterine devices. Method: Case study, with data collected between May and December 2022, in Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. The micro-costing evaluation was carried out using absorption costing. Results: Data from five classes in 2022 were analyzed, totaling 70 nurses, and the expenses and direct and indirect costs of offering the course were identified. The cost per class was R$17,846.89/U$3,307.79), with an average of R$1,820.38 or U$337.39/student/edition. Compared to other similar courses, it is considered a low-cost course with promising results for the quality of sexual and reproductive health care. Conclusion: Investing in training nurses in reproductive planning helps to reduce the indicators of maternal and child morbidity and mortality associated with unplanned pregnancies.

Objetivo: analisar custos da capacitação do planejamento reprodutivo, com práticas de inserção, revisão e retirada de dispositivos intrauterinos por Enfermeiros. Método: estudo de caso, com dados coletados entre maio e dezembro de 2022, em Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil. Realizada a avaliação de micro custeio, por meio do custeio por absorção. Resultados: foram analisados dados de cinco turmas em 2022, totalizando 70 enfermeiros, e identificadas as despesas, os custos diretos e indiretos com a oferta do curso. Obteve-se o custeio por turma de R$17.846,89/U$3.307,79), com média de R$1.820,38 ou U$337,39/aluno/edição. Em comparação a outros cursos semelhantes, considera-se um curso de custo baixo, com resultados promissores para a qualidade da assistência em saúde sexual e reprodutiva. Conclusão: investir na capacitação de enfermeiros para o planejamento reprodutivo contribui para redução de indicadores de morbidade e mortalidade materno-infantil, associados com gestações não planejadas.

Durante o período de hospitalização na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal os recém-nascidos são submetidos diariamente a diversas intervenções, que podem ser dolorosas, aumentando o estresse dos neonatos. Para o manejo da dor neonatal existem diversas práticas que atenuam esse desconforto. Diante disso, o presente estudo teve como objetivo conhecer os impactos dos métodos não farmacológicos para o alívio da dor neonatal na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo com abordagem qualitativa. O cenário de estudo foi a Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal de um Hospital Universitário, onde foram realizadas entrevistas com perguntas semi-estruturadas, tendo como amostra 15 profissionais da equipe de Enfermagem que atuam na assistência direta aos recém-nascidos. Os profissionais se baseiam em indicadores fisiológicos e comportamentais para percepção da dor neonatal. A partir disso diversos métodos não farmacológicos são utilizados, porém a glicose a 25% e a sucção não nutritiva estão presentes em maior frequência. O manejo da dor possui impacto a curto e longo prazo, contribuindo para a diminuição do tempo de internação do neonato e reduzindo os efeitos negativos da dor sobre o cérebro prematuro.

Abstract Conservation Units (CUs) tend to have a high richness of herbivorous insects, including gall-inducing insects. Despite this, gall surveys carried out in these environments are punctual and some units have never had their galls investigated, such as the Chapada Diamantina National Park, Bahia (Chapada Diamantina Parna). Aiming to reduce this gap and contribute to future studies in CUs, this study aimed to survey the galls of the Chapada Diamantina Parna, Lençóis, as well as to investigate trends in research on galls in CUs in Brazil. For that, collections were carried out on monthly trips for one year. Published gall surveys were compiled. A total of 107 morphotypes induced in 88 host species were recorded. Most galls are formed in leaves, globoid in shape, green in color, and induced by Cecidomyiidae. This park has a relatively high richness of galls compared to other CUs, demonstrating its importance in the conservation of gall-inducing insects. The results also revealed that the number of surveys has been increasing over the years and that the Southeast concentrates the largest number of studies, a region that also gathers the largest number of specialists, demonstrating a geographic bias in the data.

Abstract We surveyed insect galls and their host plants in areas of Caatinga and Cerrado in the municipality of Rio de Contas, in the extreme south of the Chapada Diamantina (Bahia state), between 703 and 1,897 m altitude, in order to contribute to the knowledge and conservation of local biodiversity. The survey was conducted in eight locations, adopting the random walking methodology for sampling, four in Caatinga and four in Cerrado, covering distinct phytophysiognomies (cerrado sensu stricto, gallery forest, shrubby caatinga, riparian forest, and rocky field). Eighty-four different insect gall morphotypes were reported, 48 (57.14%) of them on 42 host species in Cerrado and 36 (42.86%) on 24 host species in Caatinga. Most galls occurred on leaves (48.72%) and were globoid (53.76%), glabrous (52.92%), isolated (55.44%), usually one-chambered (61.32%), and brown (25.2%). The gall-inducing insects identified belonged to Lepidoptera (n = 1), Thysanoptera (n = 1), Hemiptera (n = 2), and Diptera (Cecidomyiidae) (n = 16). This was the first inventory of galls in the Chapada Diamantina, so all records are new for the region. We also recorded the first occurrences of galls on two Cerrado plant species and on two in the Caatinga. We found a significant positive correlation between gall richness and plant species richness, suggesting that radiation of gall-inducing insects may be associated with plant species richness.

Abstract Spontaneous abortion is a pregnancy complication characterized by complex and multifactorial etiology. About 5% of childbearing women are globally affected by early pregnancy loss (EPL) and most of them experience recurrence (RPL). Epigenetic mechanisms and controlled inflammation are crucial for pregnancy maintenance and genetic predispositions may increase the risk affecting the maternal–fetal crosstalk. Combined analyses of global methylation, inflammation and inherited predispositions may contribute to define pregnancy loss etiopathogenesis. LINE-1 epigenetic regulation plays crucial roles during embryo implantation, and its hypomethylation has been associated with senescence and several complex diseases. By analysing a group of 230 women who have gone through pregnancy interruption and comparing those experiencing spontaneous EPL (n = 123; RPL, 54.5%) with a group of normal pregnant who underwent to voluntary interruption (VPI, n = 107), the single statistical analysis revealed significant lower (P

Abstract Metformin (MET), an antidiabetic compound, has received increasing attention, as it cannot be effectively removed during conventional wastewater treatment processes and may act as an endocrine disruptor. Electron beam irradiation (EBI) is an eco-friendly process able to degrade and neutralize biohazardous pollution almost instantly. In this context, this study applied EBI to MET degradation and detoxification in aqueous solutions. A 98% MET degradation rate and TOC removal of 19.04 ± 1.20% at a 1.0 kGy EBI dose was obtained, with up to 65% mineralization reached at 5.0 kGy. Toxicity assays were performed with Vibrio fischeri, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Daphnia similis, and the findings indicate that generated byproducts were only more toxic to D. similis. This reveals the need to assess organisms belonging to different trophic levels. A cytotoxic assessment employing Allium cepa roots demonstrated no toxic effects concerning untreated and irradiated samples.

Abstract It has been increasingly recognized that there is a subset of patients with refractory systemic JIA, who have failed all available medications and may benefit from HSCT. The increasing experience with HSCT in SJIA, suggests that despite the complicated post-HSCT course, short-term, the transplanted patients either achieved SJIA remission or reduced burden of disease. Longer follow-up, however, is needed to better define the long-term outcomes. The discussion at the NextGen 2022 conference was focused on the optimal timing for the procedure, the need for a good control of inflammatory SJIA activity prior to HSCT, and the role of the reduced intensity conditioning regimens as there was a remote concern that such regimens might increase the risk of SJIA relapse after the transplantation. There was unanimous agreement about the importance of long-term registries to address these questions.

Abstract Background Sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) is an abrupt loss of hearing, still idiopathic in most of cases. Several mechanisms have been proposed including genetic and epigenetic interrelationships also considering iron homeostasis genes, ferroptosis and cellular stressors such as iron excess and dysfunctional mitochondrial superoxide dismutase activity. Results We investigated 206 SSNHL patients and 420 healthy controls for the following genetic variants in the iron pathway: SLC40A1 − 8CG (ferroportin; FPN1), HAMP − 582AG (hepcidin; HEPC), HFE C282Y and H63D (homeostatic iron regulator), TF P570S (transferrin) and SOD2 A16V in the mitochondrial superoxide dismutase-2 gene. Among patients, SLC40A1 − 8GG homozygotes were overrepresented (8.25% vs 2.62%; P = 0.0015) as well SOD2 16VV genotype (32.0% vs 24.3%; P = 0.037) accounting for increased SSNHL risk (OR = 3.34; 1.54–7.29 and OR = 1.47; 1.02–2.12, respectively). Moreover, LINE-1 methylation was inversely related (r 2 = 0.042; P = 0.001) with hearing loss score assessed as pure tone average (PTA, dB HL), and the trend was maintained after SLC40A1 − 8CG and HAMP − 582AG genotype stratification (Δ SLC40A1 = + 8.99 dB HL and Δ HAMP = − 6.07 dB HL). In multivariate investigations, principal component analysis (PCA) yielded PC1 (PTA, age, LINE-1, HAMP, SLC40A1) and PC2 (sex, HFE C282Y , SOD2, HAMP) among the five generated PCs, and logistic regression analysis ascribed to PC1 an inverse association with moderate/severe/profound HL (OR = 0.60; 0.42–0.86; P = 0.0006) and with severe/profound HL (OR = 0.52; 0.35–0.76; P = 0.001). Conclusion Recognizing genetic and epigenetic biomarkers and their mutual interactions in SSNHL is of great value and can help pharmacy science to design by pharmacogenomic data classical or advanced molecules, such as epidrugs, to target new pathways for a better prognosis and treatment of SSNHL.

Justificativa e Objetivos: mediante a grande demanda de hospitalização por causas externas, bem como o número crescente de casos de infecções nos serviços de saúde, pode-se afirmar que essas são questões importantes e que se configuram enorme desafio a ser enfrentado pelos profissionais e gestores da saúde em todo o mundo. Diante disso, o objetivo do estudo foi descrever o perfil dos indivíduos internados por causas externas em Unidades de Terapia Intensiva (UTIs) que realizaram exame de cultura e identificar os principais microrganismos causadores de infecção. Métodos:estudo transversal, realizado com pacientes vítimas de causas externas, internados em UTI de um hospital geral da Bahia. Os dados foram analisados por meio da estatística descritiva, apresentados em frequências absoluta e relativa. Resultados: identificaram-se 259 internações nas UTIs por causas externas; desses, 59 (22,78%) realizaram cultura, dos quais 48 (81,35%) eram homens, 43 (72,88%) tinham cor parda, 32 (54,24%) não tinham companheiros e 35 (59,32%) sofreram acidentes de transporte. Em relação ao uso de dispositivos, 54 (91,52%) pacientes estavam em ventilação mecânica invasiva; 54 (91,50%) utilizaram sonda vesical de demora; e 54 (91,52%) utilizaram cateter venoso central. Os principais microrganismos identificados na cultura foram dos gêneros Staphylococcus (17; 28,9%) e Pseudomonas (10; 16,9%). Conclusão: as internações em UTIs decorrentes de causas externas em pacientes que realizaram cultura são de homens, que sofreram acidentes de transporte, fizeram uso de dispositivos invasivos, sendo que as principais infecções estão relacionadas aos microrganismos do gênero Staphylococcus.

BackgroundUncaria tomentosa (Willd. ex Schult.) DC. (Rubiaceae) is traditionally used by Amazonian indigenous groups to treat inflammatory diseases. To date, there are no systematic reviews and meta-analyses on the use of U. tomentosa for inflammation control in animals supporting the traditional knowledge about this species. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of U. tomentosa extracts in modulating inflammatory mediators and to determine which types of inflammatory diseases can be treated by this species.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of preclinical studies published before 26 July 2023, identified in PubMed, Embase, and Scopus. Four independent reviewers extracted the data and assessed the risks of bias. The effects of U. tomentosa on inflammatory diseases and the inflammatory mediators involved were extracted from the studies. Standardized mean differences (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) of the outcomes were estimated. The meta-analyses were conducted using RevMan 5.4 (Cochrane Collaboration). This protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42023450869).ResultsTwenty-four of 523 studies were included. U. tomentosa extracts decreased the cytokines interleukin (IL)-6 (SMD: −0.72, 95%CI: −1.15, −0.29, p = 0.001) and transcription factor nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) (SMD: −1.19, 95%CI: −1.89, −0.48, p = 0.001). However, the extracts did not significantly alter IL-1 (SMD: −0.16, 95%CI: −0.87, +0.56, p = 0.67), IL-10 (SMD: −0.05, 95%CI:–0.35, 0.45, p = 0.80), or tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) levels (SMD: 0.18, 95%CI: −0.25, 0.62, p = 0.41).ConclusionMany extracts of stem bark, roots, and leaves of U. tomentosa, mostly aqueous and hydroethanolic, exhibited anti-inflammatory and/or immunomodulatory activities and low toxicity. The extracts decreased NF-κB and IL-6. These findings suggest that this species has the potential to treat inflammatory diseases in which these markers are increased, according to the ethnopharmacological use. These activities are not related to a specific class of compounds.Systematic Review Registration:https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=450869, Identifier CRD42023450869.

Objectives Develop the Markov Index Load State (MILS) model, based on hidden Markov chains, to assess athletes’ workload responses and investigate the effects of menstrual cycle (MC)/oral contraception (OC), sex steroids hormones and wellness on elite athletes’ training.Methods On a 7-month longitudinal follow-up, daily training (volume and perceived effort, n=2200) and wellness (reported sleep quality and quantity, fitness, mood, menstrual symptoms, n=2509) data were collected from 24 female rowers and skiers preparing for the Olympics. 51 MC and 54 OC full cycles relying on 214 salivary hormone samples were analysed. MC/OC cycles were normalised, converted in % from 0% (first bleeding/pill withdrawal day) to 100% (end).Results MILS identified three chronic workload response states: ‘easy’, ‘moderate’ and ‘hard’. A cyclic training response linked to MC or OC (95% CI) was observed, primarily related to progesterone level (p=8.23e-03 and 5.72e-03 for the easy and hard state, respectively). MC athletes predominantly exhibited the ‘easy’ state during the cycle’s first half (8%–53%), transitioning to the ‘hard’ state post-estimated ovulation (63%–96%). OC users had an increased ‘hard’ state (4%–32%) during pill withdrawal, transitioning to ‘easy’ (50%–60%) when on the pill. Wellness metrics influenced the training load response: better sleep quality (p=5.20e-04), mood (p=8.94e-06) and fitness (p=6.29e-03) increased the likelihood of the ‘easy’ state. Menstrual symptoms increased the ‘hard’ state probability (p=5.92e-02).Conclusion The MILS model, leveraging hidden Markov chains, effectively analyses cumulative training load responses. The model identified cyclic training responses linked to MC/OC in elite female athletes.

Abstract Natural compounds are possible alternatives for wound treatment, including Ilex paraguariensis, a plant with several pharmacological actions already reported, including anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antioxidant, and healing activities. Therefore, this study aimed to perform a technological and scientific mapping of Ilex paraguariensis used for healing and/or analgesic purposes. Technological prospection was carried out in the Questel-Orbit system, while the scientific research was carried out in PubMed, Web of Science, and SCOPUS databases. The terms “Ilex paraguariensis”, “Yerba-mate”, “Painkiller”, “Analgesic”, “Wound”, “Healing”, and “Scar” were combined using Boolean operators “OR” and “AND”. The technological prospection resulted in 164 patents found initially. After sorting the abstracts, five patents were read entirely, of which three were selected. Such selected patents report using Ilex paraguariensis for analgesics, wound healing, personal care, and pharmaceutical applications. In addition, the scientific research showed a small number of studies aimed at using Ilex paraguariensis for healing and/or analgesic purposes. Among the 26 articles initially found, only 5 met the inclusion requirements. Scientific studies demonstrate that Ilex paraguariensis is used as an extract or drink, presenting promising results regarding analgesia, inflammation, and wound healing, using in vitro or in vivo models. Despite the potential of Ilex paraguariensis in skin wound therapy, our study demonstrates that few patents and scientific studies explore Ilex paraguariensis for this purpose. This fact may be an incentive for the development of further studies employing Ilex paraguariensis in cutaneous wound management and the pain associated with them.

O presente trabalho objetiva socializar as práticas e experiências de ensino no Estágio Supervisionado, realizado em uma turma de 8° ano, na modalidade Educação de Jovens e Adultos (EJA). Teoricamente, recorre-se ao conceito de gêneros discursivos (Bakhtin, 2016), Sequência Didática (SD) (Schneuwly; Noverraz; Dolz, 2004), aula como acontecimento (Geraldi, 2010), educação para a cidadania e transformação social (Freire, 2009) e currículo (Ferrarezi, 2020). Metodologicamente, desenvolve-se uma pesquisa-ação de abordagem qualitativa e de caráter exploratório. Os resultados evidenciam que, embora haja um planejamento anterior no âmbito da SD, o ensino de gêneros textuais deve atender às necessidades sociodiscursivas dos estudantes, que permeiam o campo do trabalho, como o curriculum vitae e outros associados ao contexto social dos estudantes. Conclui-se que o ensino de língua deve estar associado à realidade dos alunos e trabalhado, em aula, de forma contextualizada, por meio de gêneros discursivos

Introduction: The aim was to conduct a comprehensive scoping review of available researches on the impact of blepharoplasty on quality of life and its scope within the Unified Health System. Methods: A literature search was performed in the Virtual Health Library, Capes Journals, SciELO, LILACS, Medline, and Cochrane Library databases for studies published within the past five years. Results: Out of the 323 studies initially selected, nineteen studies were included in the final sample. Seven studies (36.8%) examined the impact of blepharoplasty on quality of life, while others assessed functional criteria (31.5%) or subjective factors related to quality of life (26.3%). The majority of the studies demonstrated positive effects of blepharoplasty on quality of life, self-esteem, personal satisfaction, well-being, and visual improvement. However, limited data were found regarding the coverage of blepharoplasty in the public healthcare system, with no specific studies on this topic. Conclusion: Blepharoplasty has been shown to positively impact quality of life, highlighting the need to ensure the access to this procedure within the public healthcare when appropriate. The lack of data on blepharoplasty within the Unified Health System indicates a research gap and emphasizes the importance of further studies to explore its impact on quality of life, as well as its coverage and expansion.

Jatropha mollissima (Pohl) Baill. (Euphorbiaceae) is widely used in traditional medicine to treat inflammatory disorders. So, a topical gel containing the hydroethanolic extract of its leaves was developed and evaluated for its anti-inflammatory, wound healing, and antiophidic properties in mice. First, the chemical profile of different parts of the plant was characterized by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS) using molecular networking. In the leaf extract, 11 compounds were characterized, with a particular emphasis on the identification of flavonoids. The gel efficiently inhibited carrageenan-induced paw edema, as well as acute and chronic croton oil-induced ear edema models, thereby reducing inflammatory and oxidative parameters in inflamed tissues. Besides anti-inflammatory activity, the herbal gel showed significant wound healing activity. The edematogenic, hemorrhagic and dermonecrotic activities induced by Bothrops jararaca snake venom were effectively inhibited by the treatment with J. mollissima gel. The association with the herbal gel improved in up to 90% the efficacy of commercial snake antivenom in reduce venom-induced edema. Additionally, while antivenom was not able to inhibit venom-induced dermonecrosis, treatment with herbal gel reduced in 55% the dermonocrotic halo produced. These results demonstrate the pharmacological potential of the herbal gel containing J. mollissima extract, which could be a strong candidate for the development of herbal products that can be used to complement the current antivenom therapy against snake venom local toxicity.

Bats have been reported as reservoir host of Leishmania spp. worldwide, mostly by molecular detection. However, it is still unclear whether bats act as reservoirs of Leishmania infantum to sandflies vectors. In this sense, the investigation of amastigotes forms in the target organs, and the characterization of their associated inflammation, may help to clarify the epidemiological importance of bats in endemic areas for leishmaniasis. The aim of this work was to investigate the host-parasite relationships under microscopic evaluation and predict the epidemiological role of two phyllostomid bats species naturally infected by L. infantum in an endemic area for human leishmaniasis. Fragments of skin, liver and spleen of L. infantum positive and negative bats (Artibeus planirostris and Carollia perspicillata) by qPCR, were studied by histological and immunohistochemical techniques. Both groups, positive and negative, did not show differences in the histopathological study, presenting only discrete tissue changes. Liver and skin showed mild inflammatory reactions. Findings on spleen consisted of reactivity of the lymphoid follicles, expressive presence of apoptotic cells and macrophages containing abundant phagocytic cells debris. We did not find amastigote forms in tissues by histological and IHC techniques in positive qPCR bats. Our results allow us to hypothesize that phyllostomid bats seem to have an important role in reducing the risk of transmission, possibly acting as dead-end host.

ABSTRACT: This trial evaluated the production performance, gastrointestinal nematode infection (GIN), and selected blood analytes, in Corriedale lambs during the finishing phase in an integrated crop-livestock system (ICLS) with 2 stocking rates. Fifty-two Corriedale lambs were divided into 4 groups: a semi confinement system with a low stocking rate (T1) for 70 days; a semi confinement system with a high stocking rate (T2) for 70 days; confinement for 28 days, followed by semi confinement with a low stocking rate (T3) for 42 days; and confinement for 28 days, followed by semi confinement with a high stocking rate (T4) for 42 days. Body weight, dry matter intake, blood collection, and faecal analysis of nematode eggs were performed for each animal. The stocking rates did not influence body weight gain for the semiconfined lambs (T1 and T2) or for the confined/semiconfined lambs (T3 and T4). All treatments had lower EPG counts at the end of the experimental period. The nematode genera identified during the experiment trial were Haemonchus and Trichostrongylus. There were no significant differences (P > 0.05) for packed cell volume, total plasma protein, and eosinophil means between treatments. These results suggested that the confinement followed by semi confinement in an ICLS, was an option for lamb production during the finishing phase which could be useful in reducing GIN without affecting the production performance.

Abstract Background The purpose of this network meta-analysis (NMA) is to investigate the efficacy of pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapy on pain intensity and disability of older people with chronic nonspecific low back pain, providing comprehensive evidence for an informed decision-making. Methods We will perform a systematic search to identify randomized controlled trials of pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions for older people with chronic nonspecific low back pain. MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Embase, AMED, PsycINFO, and PEDro will be searched without language or date restrictions. Our primary outcomes are pain intensity and disability. Risk of bias will be assessed for all studies using the revised Cochrane risk-of-bias (RoB) tool 2.0. For each pairwise comparison between the different interventions, estimated mean differences and their 95% confidence intervals will be presented. Standard pairwise meta-analyses will be performed using random effects models in STATA version 16. The competing interventions will be ranked using the surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) for the outcomes of interest at short and long terms. The confidence in the results from NMA will be assessed using the Confidence in Network Meta‐Analysis (CINeMA) framework. Discussion This NMA compares efficacy of interventions for nonspecific chronic low back pain in older people. It will provide reliable evidence for patients, clinicians, stakeholders, and researchers in this field where competing therapies, many of extraordinarily little value, are commonly used in clinical practice. Systematic review registration PROSPERO CRD42022312565

Abstract This report presents anatomo‐histopathological, immunohistochemical and molecular analyses of an asymptomatic female dog naturally infected with Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum and her four pups. In addition to routine serological tests, the mother's positivity was confirmed by real‐time PCR of a bone marrow sample; the placenta and ovaries, however, were negative with the same analysis. The pups presented no positivity in any of the techniques used. It is suggested that the gestational period and factors related to the female's immunological condition cause greater variability in the occurrence of vertical infection.

Tobacco consumption in schizophrenia (SCHZ) patients is highly prevalent. Data support the occurrence of sequential events during comorbidity establishment, and both smoking first, SCHZ second and SCHZ first, smoking second sequences have been proposed. To investigate whether these two possibilities lead to distinct outcomes of comorbidity, we used a phencyclidine-induced SCHZ model and nicotine exposure as a surrogate of smoking. C57Bl/6 mice were submitted to a protocol that either began with 4 days of phencyclidine exposure or 4 days of nicotine exposure. This period was followed by 5 days of combined phencyclidine + nicotine exposure. Locomotor sensitization and pre-pulse inhibition (PPI) were assessed due to their well-known associations with SCHZ as opposed to rearing, an unrelated behavior. Nicotine priming potentiated phencyclidine-evoked sensitization. However, nicotine exposure after SCHZ modeling did not interfere with phencyclidine’s effects. In the PPI test, nicotine after SCHZ modeling worsened the phencyclidine-evoked deficiency in males. In contrast, nicotine priming had no effects. Regarding rearing, nicotine priming failed to interfere with phencyclidine-mediated inhibition. Similarly, phencyclidine priming did not modify nicotine-mediated inhibition. The present results indicate that the sequence, either SCHZ-first or nicotine-first, differentially impacts comorbidity outcomes, a finding that is relevant for the identification of mechanisms of nicotine interference in the neurobiology of SCHZ.

Elucidation of pathways regulating parasite cell death is believed to contribute to identification of novel therapeutic targets for protozoan diseases, and in this context, apoptosis-like cell death has been reported in different groups of protozoa, in which metacaspases seem to play a role. In the genus Plasmodium, apoptotic markers have been detected in P. falciparum and P. berghei, and no study focusing on P. vivax cell death has been reported so far. In the present study, we investigated the susceptibility of P. vivax to undergo apoptotic cell death after incubating mature trophozoites with the classical apoptosis inducer staurosporine. As assessed by flow cytometry assays, staurosporine inhibited parasite intraerythrocytic development, which was accompanied by a decrease in cell viability, evidenced by reduced plasmodial mitochondrial activity. However, typical signs of apoptosis, such as DNA fragmentation, chromatin condensation, and nuclear segregation, were not detected in the parasites induced to cell death, and no significant alteration in metacaspase gene expression (PvMCA1) was observed under cell death stimulus. Interestingly, dying parasites positively modulated cell death (eryptosis) of host erythrocytes, which was marked by externalization of phosphatidylserine and cell shrinkage. Our study shows for the time that P. vivax blood stages may not be susceptible to apoptosis-like processes, while they could trigger eryptosis of parasitized cells by undergoing cell death. Further studies are required to elucidate the cellular machinery involved in cell death of P. vivax parasites as well as in the modulation of host cell death.