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Abstract In multicellular organisms, tissue outgrowth creates a new water sink, modifying local hydraulic patterns. Although water fluxes are often considered passive by-products of development, their contribution to morphogenesis remains largely unexplored. Here, we mapped cell volumetric growth across the shoot apex in Arabidopsis thaliana. We found that, as organs grow, a subpopulation of cells at the organ-meristem boundary shrinks. Growth simulations using a model that integrates hydraulics and mechanics revealed water fluxes and predicted a water deficit for boundary cells. In planta, a water-soluble dye preferentially allocated to fast-growing tissues and failed to enter the boundary domain. Cell shrinkage next to fast-growing domains was also robust to different growth conditions and different topographies. Finally, a molecular signature of water deficit at the boundary confirmed our conclusion. Taken together, we propose that the differential sink strength of emerging organs prescribes the hydraulic patterns that define boundary domains at the shoot apex.

Violence is a public health problem, and when it affects childhood, it can cause illness throughout the individual’s life. Apart from being able to cause damage in the physical, mental and social spheres, it represents a violation of the rights of the affected children, and a high consumption of resources, both economic and social.A multitude of investigations have improved attention to this violence. However, these advances are not consistent with the practical management of victims, both in Primary and Hospital Care. There is a significant area of improvement for paediatric care.Through this article, different professionals from all established paediatric health care facilities develop general lines of knowledge and action regarding violence against children. An overview is taken of the legislation related to childhood, the different types of abuse that exist, their effects, management and prevention. It concludes with an epilogue, through which we aim to move sensibilities.In summary, this work aims to promote the training and awareness of all professionals specialized in children’s health, so that they pursue the goal of achieving their patients’ greatest potential in life, and in this way, to help create a healthier society, with less disease, and more justice. Resumen: La violencia es un problema de salud pública. Esta, cuando afecta a la infancia, puede generar enfermedad a lo largo de toda la vida del individuo. Aparte de poder producir daños en la esfera física, psíquica y social, supone una vulneración de los derechos de los niños afectados y un elevado consumo de recursos tanto económicos como sociales.Multitud de investigaciones han mejorado la atención a esta violencia. Sin embargo, estos avances no son parejos con el manejo práctico que se realiza a las víctimas tanto en la atención primaria como en la hospitalaria. Existe una significativa área de mejora para la atención pediátrica.A través de este artículo, distintos profesionales de todas las áreas sanitarias pediátricas establecidas desarrollan líneas generales de conocimiento y actuación con respecto a la violencia contra la infancia. Se hace un recorrido a través de la legislación relacionada con la infancia, las distintas tipologías de maltrato que existen, sus efectos, manejo y prevención. Concluye con un epílogo, a través del cual pretendemos mover sensibilidades.En resumen, este es un trabajo que pretende fomentar la formación y sensibilización de todos los profesionales especializados en la salud infantil, para que persigan como objetivo el que sus pacientes alcancen su mayor potencial en la vida y, de esa manera, ayudar a crear una sociedad más sana, con menos enfermedad y más justa.

Resumen: La violencia es un problema de salud pública. Esta, cuando afecta a la infancia, puede generar enfermedad a lo largo de toda la vida del individuo. Aparte de poder producir daños en la esfera física, psíquica y social, supone una vulneración de los derechos de los niños afectados y un elevado consumo de recursos tanto económicos como sociales.Multitud de investigaciones han mejorado la atención a esta violencia. Sin embargo, estos avances no son parejos con el manejo práctico que se realiza a las víctimas tanto en la atención primaria como en la hospitalaria. Existe una significativa área de mejora para la atención pediátrica.A través de este artículo, distintos profesionales de todas las áreas sanitarias pediátricas establecidas desarrollan líneas generales de conocimiento y actuación con respecto a la violencia contra la infancia. Se hace un recorrido a través de la legislación relacionada con la infancia, las distintas tipologías de maltrato que existen, sus efectos, manejo y prevención. Concluye con un epílogo, a través del cual pretendemos mover sensibilidades.En resumen, este es un trabajo que pretende fomentar la formación y sensibilización de todos los profesionales especializados en la salud infantil, para que persigan como objetivo el que sus pacientes alcancen su mayor potencial en la vida y, de esa manera, ayudar a crear una sociedad más sana, con menos enfermedad y más justa. Abstract: Violence is a public health problem, and when it affects childhood, it can cause illness throughout the individual's life. Apart from being able to cause damage in the physical, mental and social spheres, it represents a violation of the rights of the affected children, and a high consumption of resources, both economic and social.A multitude of investigations have improved attention to this violence. However, these advances are not consistent with the practical management of victims, both in Primary and Hospital Care. There is a significant area of improvement for paediatric care.Through this article, different professionals from all established paediatric health care facilities develop general lines of knowledge and action regarding violence against children. An overview is taken of the legislation related to childhood, the different types of abuse that exist, their effects, management and prevention. It concludes with an epilogue, through which we aim to move sensibilities.In summary, this work aims to promote the training and awareness of all professionals specialized in children's health, so that they pursue the goal of achieving their patients’ greatest potential in life, and in this way, to help create a healthier society, with less disease, and more justice.

The biostratigraphic analysis of the Paleozoic sedimentary successions in Mexico is crucial for understanding their age, depositional setting, and paleogeographic implications. This study examined conodonts and microfacies of calcareous strata within the Del Monte Formation of the Tamatán Group in northeastern Mexico. Field observations have led to the identification of three units within the Del Monte Formation: Unit 1, characterized by calcareous sandstone, bioclastic limestone, shale, occasional conglomerate, and dolomitized beds; Unit 2, consisting of conglomerate and/or breccia associated with debris flows; and Unit 3 including turbiditic sandstone and shale. Conodonts were only recognized in Unit 1, with such genera as Idiognathoides, Neognathodus, Idiognathodus and less frequently, Streptognathodus, Adetognathus, and Diplognathodus. The faunal associations include Idiognathoides cf. Id. corrugatus Harris & Hollingsworth, 1933, Idiognathoides sulcatus sulcatus Higgins & Bouckaert, 1968, Idiognathoides convexus (Ellison & Graves, 1941), Idiognathoides asiaticus Nigmadganov & Nemyrovskaya, 1992, Neognathodus cf. N. atokaensis Grayson, 1984, Neognathodus aff. bothrops Merrill, 1972, Neognathodus nataliae Alekseev & Gerelzezeg, 2001 (in Alekseev & Goreva 2001), Streptognathodus parvus Dunn, 1966, Idiognathodus incurvus Dunn, 1966, and Idiognathodus aff. delicatus Gunnell, 1931, suggesting Morrowan and Atokan (Pennsylvanian) ages for the dolomitic limestone and grainstone beds. Five types of microfacies (MF) and several marine facies zone (FZ) have been detected: MF1-bioclastic grainstone and MF2-wackestone deposited at the platform margin (FZ 6 and FZ 7), MF3-dolomitized wackestone representing an inner restricted platform (FZ 8), MF4-mudstone from a deeper water zone (FZ 4), and MF5-siliciclastic beds with bioclasts indicating a high-energy barrier associated with a platform margin (FZ 6). The findings confirm a shallow to deep platform and imply a connection among Mexican peri-Gondwanan basins, including the Tamatán Basin, indicating similarities in sedimentary facies and/or depositional environments linked to the Rheic Ocean during the Early to Middle Pennsylvanian.

La Casa del Almirante es una de las construcciones más representativas de la arquitectura doméstica local de finales del siglo XVII y en su conjunto destaca la gran portada de mármol, considerada de origen genovés. Nuevos datos documentales y la relectura de otros conocidos, permiten confirmar que los autores de sus dos fases constructivas fueron maestros de obras y canteros españoles que trabajaron con mármoles procedentes mayoritariamente de canteras andaluzas. Asimismo, obras acometidas en el edificio para adaptarlo a hotel, han sacado a la luz algunas decoraciones ocultas que amplían la información sobre la ornamentación de los paramentos del patio y alguna zona de fachada.

Carotenoids constitute compounds of significant biological interest due to their multiple biological activities, such as antimicrobial, anticancer, antiadipogenic, antidiabetic, and antioxidant properties. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) comprehends a series of metabolic abnormalities (e.g., hypertension, obesity, and atherogenic dyslipidemia) that can affect children, adolescents, and the elderly. The treatment of MetS involves numerous medications, which, despite their efficacy, pose challenges due to prolonged use, high costs, and various side effects. Carotenoids and their derivatives have been proposed as alternative treatments to MetS because they reduce serum triglyceride concentrations, promote insulin response, inhibit adipogenesis, and downregulate angiotensin-converting enzyme activity. However, carotenoids are notably sensitive to pH, light exposure, and temperature. This review addresses the activity of carotenoids such as lycopene, lutein, fucoxanthin, astaxanthin, crocin, and β-carotene towards MetS. It includes a discussion of sources, extraction methods, and characterization techniques for analyzing carotenoids. Encapsulation approaches are critically reviewed as alternatives to prevent degradation and improve the biological performance of carotenoids. A brief overview of the physiopathology and epidemiology of the diseases, including MetS, is also provided.

This paper examines the geometry of interstellar magnetic field lines close to the boundary of the heliosphere in the direction of the unperturbed local interstellar magnetic field, where the field lines are spread apart by the heliopause (HP). Such field parting establishes a region of weaker magnetic field of about 300 au in size in the northern hemisphere that acts as a giant magnetic trap affecting the propagation of galactic cosmic rays (GCRs). The choice of an analytic model of the magnetic field in the very local interstellar medium allows us to qualitatively study the resulting magnetic field draping pattern while avoiding unphysical dissipation across the HP-impeding numerical magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) models. We investigate GCR transport in the region exterior to the heliosphere, including the magnetic trap, subject to guiding center drifts, pitch angle scattering, and perpendicular diffusion. The transport coefficients were derived from Voyager 1 observations of magnetic turbulence in the VLISM. Our results predict a ring current of energetic ions drifting around the interior of the magnetic trap. It is also demonstrated that GCRs cross the HP for the first time preferentially through a crescent-shaped region between the magnetic trap and the upwind direction. The paper includes results of MHD modeling of the heliosphere that provide the coordinates of the center of the magnetic trap in ecliptic coordinates. In addition to the heliosphere, we examine several extreme field draping configurations that could describe the astrospheres of other stars.

Introduction/backgroundMass-casualty incidents (MCIs) and disasters require an organised and effective response from medical first responders (MFRs). As such, novel training methods have emerged to prepare and adequately train MFRs for these challenging situations. Particular focus should be placed on extended reality (XR), which encompasses virtual, augmented and mixed reality (VR, AR, and MR, respectively), and allows participants to develop high-quality skills in realistic and immersive environments. Given the rapid evolution of high-fidelity simulation technology and its advantages, XR simulation has become a promising tool for emergency medicine. Accordingly, this systematic review aims to: 1) evaluate the effectiveness of XR training methods and 2) explore the experience of MFRs undergoing such training.MethodsA comprehensive search strategy will encompass four distinct themes: MFRs, disasters/MCIs, education and simulation, and XR. Four databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and LILACs) will be searched along with an in-depth examination of the grey literature and reference lists of relevant articles. MetaQAT will be used as a study quality assessment tool and integrated into Covidence as part of the data extraction form. Given the predicted high heterogeneity between studies, it may not be possible to standardise data for quantitative comparison and meta-analysis. Thus, data will be synthesised in a narrative, semi-quantitative manner.DiscussionThis review will examine the existing literature on the effectiveness of XR simulation as a tool to train MFRs for MCIs, which could ultimately improve preparedness and response to disasters.Trial registrationProtocol registration: PROSPERO CRD42021275692.

Tomando como ejemplo el denominado Media Art y a través de la experiencia del proyecto Archivo Español de Media Art/Spanish Archive of Media Art (aema/saoma), este artículo tiene como objetivo reflexionar acerca de la realidad digital, la producción artística contemporánea y sus posibilidades de archivo y memoria en y para la tarea historiográfica del arte contemporáneo. En la primera parte de este artículo definiremos y precisaremos el objeto Media Art y sus artefactos. En la segunda parte presentaremos y describiremos el proyecto aema, nacido de la experiencia previa del mideciant, con intención de acercarnos a las características conceptuales y técnicas que debe cumplir un archivo de estas propuestas artísticas. En la tercera parte esbozaremos algunas de las interconexiones entre los conceptos de memoria y archivo en relación con el arte de los nuevos medios y plantearemos las dificultades inherentes a las tareas de definir y archivar el Media Art. Por último presentaremos algunas reflexiones y mencionaremos las que nos parecen ser las necesidades más acuciantes (restauración digital, documentación y relato) en los proyectos de archivo de arte digital. Taking as an example the so-called Media Art and departing from the experience of the project “Archivo Español de Media art / Spanish Archive of Media art (aema / saoma)”, this article aims to consider digital reality, contemporary artistic production, and its possibilities of archive and memory in order to approach the historiographical task of contemporary art. First section of this article is devoted to defining Media Art and its artifacts. Second section presents and describes the aema project, born from the previous experience of mideciant, with the intention of approaching the conceptual and technical characteristics that an archive of these artistic proposals must fulfill. In the third section, some of the interconnections between the concepts of memory and archive in relation to new Media Art will be outlined, to raise some of the difficulties inherent to the task of definition, memory and archiving of Media Art. Finally, last section compiles some reflections and analysis on the most pressing needs (digital restoration, documentation and story) that we believe are necessary for digital art archive projects. A partir do exemplo do denominado Media Art e com a experiência do projecto Archivo Español de Media Art/Sanish Archive of Media Art (AEMA/SAOMA), este artigo tem como objetivo refletir sobre a realidade digital, a produção artística contemporânea e suas possibilidades de arquivo e memória em e para a tarefa historiográfica da arte contemporânea. Na primeira parte do texto definiremos e precisaremos o objeto Media Art e seus artefactos. Na segunda parte apresentaremos e descreveremos o projeto AEMA, que surge da experiência previa do MIDECIANT, com a intenção de apertar-nos às características conceptuais e técnicas que deve cumprir um arquivo para este tipo de propostas artísticas. Na terceira parte, falaremos de algumas interconexões entre os conceitos de memória e arquivo na relação com a arte dos novos meios e, mesmo, das dificuldades inerentes às tarefas de definir e arquivar o Media Art. Ao último, apresentaremos algumas reflexões e mencionaremos aquelas que nos parecem as mais necessárias (restauração digital, documentação e relato) nos projetos de arquivação da arte digital.

Introdução – Em exames de tomografia de emissão de positrões (PET, do acrónimo inglês Positron Emission Tomography) com tomografia computadorizada (TC) a ansiedade pode interferir com a experiência do paciente e até com o diagnóstico. A música tem vindo a ser utilizada para controlo da ansiedade dos pacientes em inúmeros contextos clínicos. Objetivo – Verificar o efeito da música no controlo da ansiedade dos pacientes durante exames PET/TC. Métodos – Estudo exploratório onde foram incluídos 22 pacientes no grupo de controlo (GC) e 23 no grupo experimental (GE) que realizaram exame de PET/TC com fluorodesoxiglucose marcada com flúor-18 (18F-FDG). Os pacientes do GE ouviram música durante a aquisição de imagens, enquanto os do GC não. Todos os pacientes responderam a questionários sobre a experiência do exame (QEE) e a uma versão reduzida do questionário State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-State (STAI-S) antes do exame (AE) e depois do exame (DE). Procedeu-se ainda à medição da pressão arterial sistólica (PAS) e diastólica (PAD) AE e DE. Resultados – Os valores do STAI-S não diferiram significativamente entre grupos, quer AE quer DE. Contudo, do AE para o DE verificou-se um aumento destes valores no GC e, em oposição, uma diminuição no GE. Comparando as PA entre o GE e o GC constatou-se que não existem diferenças significativas AE, mas existem DE, sendo que no GE os valores são inferiores aos do GC. No GE 91,3% dos pacientes relatou que a música é um auxílio durante o exame, classificando em média o nível de utilidade em 4,4 (0 a 5, sendo 5 o máximo). Conclusões – No presente estudo ouvir música parece ser eficaz no controlo da ansiedade em exames de PET/TC, mostrando-se os pacientes satisfeitos quanto à utilização desta técnica.

Con estas líneas queremos presentar este nuevo volumen 19 de la revista ASRI. Arte y Sociedad. Resulta difícil sustraerse a los acontecimientos que estamos viviendo a causa de la pandemia de COVID-19 y que afecta a todos los órdenes de nuestra vida de manera muy diversa. Por ello, y pese a las dificultades de todo tipo, nos resulta muy grato presentar este número que, en cierta forma, aspira a la continuación y a la normalidad tan anhelada. Como señalamos en la petición de contribuciones de este número, todo está sucediendo muy deprisa. El concepto de aceleración de Virilio –y el accidente global– han tomado cuerpo a escala planetaria, de manera que la pandemia nos ha situado a la vez y de manera global en una multitud de espacios y lugares, entre los que se incluyen los espacios de pensamiento y escritura. Desde los objetivos de investigación de la revista ASRI, hemos querido sumarnos a ello invitando a autores y autoras a reflexionar y a dar un lugar o un intento de respuesta, a través del arte y de las humanidades, a todo aquello que, en una existencia digital, todavía nos constituya como seres humanos.

The global rise in population highlights the need for a greater production of quality food. In this regard, intensification of the agricultural sector and an increased use of fertilizers are key. Phosphorus (P), together with nitrogen (N) and potassium (K), is one of the essential elements for plant growth. Modern agriculture is dependent on P derived from phosphate rock, which is a non-renewable resource whose high-quality reserves are becoming increasingly scarce and expensive. In this context, alternative sources of P and the development of new recovery technologies are required. Such technologies are increasingly focused on struvite (MgNH4PO4·6H2O) (STR) from urban or livestock wastewater, whose accessibility is guaranteed. In this study, the medium–long term efficiency of STR from urban wastewater as a fertilizer was evaluated in three successive lettuce crops using a 25 kg pot trial. To this end, STR application was compared with the use of other conventional P fertilizers (NPK, monoammonium phosphate (MAP), and single superphosphate (SSP)) at a dose of 100 kg P ha−1. Crop biomass yield, P uptake, and the nutritional quality of the plants were determined. Moreover, the effect of STR on soil quality was examined using several soil biological indicators. In general, the STR treatment yielded similar biomass results to those obtained with NPK in the three successive lettuce crops. MAP and SSP treatments produced higher biomass in the first crop, but these values diminished in the next two. In relation to the effect on soil, STR treatment maintained the concentration of available P during the three growing cycles and enhanced microbial activity and functional diversity. On the basis of our findings, STR emerges as a sustainable P-fertilization strategy for lettuce production.

El objetivo de este articulo es describir los mecanismos semióticos de las correlaciones semánticas que la comunicación política crea con el fin de convertirlas en "gramáticas políticas" y, por tanto, en "normas". Se trata, pues, de estudiar la transformación a través de operaciones de "síntesis de lo heterogéneo" realizadas por la vinculación de elementos del discurso político con otros pertenecientes a paradigmas semánticos en principio completamente ajenos a éste, con el objetivo de producir generalizaciones explicativas del mundo político en su totalidad. Este tipo de operaciones, que se inician a nivel de los textos y que acaban produciendo metasemióticas políticas, son posibles gracias a una propiedad especifica del lenguaje, a saber, la de su “elasticidad”.

Se ofrece un renovado acercamiento a la fisonomía urbana de madīnat Lawša (Loja, Granada) como “ciudad media” del reino nazarí. Partiendo de fuentes archivísticas, arqueológicas, catastrales y planimétricas, en el texto se redundan, se matizan o se presentan conclusiones inéditas sobre lo que fuera el sistema defensivo de la ciudad medieval y sus sistemas de equipamientos comunitarios.

Abstract Background During COVID-19 pandemic, elective invasive cardiac procedures (ICP) have been frequently cancelled or postponed. Consequences may be more evident in patients with diabetes. Objectives The objective was to identify the peculiarities of patients with DM among those in whom ICP were cancelled or postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as to identify subgroups in which the influence of DM has higher impact on the clinical outcome. Methods We included 2,158 patients in whom an elective ICP was cancelled or postponed during COVID-19 pandemic in 37 hospitals in Spain. Among them, 700 (32.4%) were diabetics. Patients with and without diabetes were compared. Results Patients with diabetes were older and had a higher prevalence of other cardiovascular risk factors, previous cardiovascular history and co-morbidities. Diabetics had a higher mortality (3.0% vs. 1.0%; p = 0.001) and cardiovascular mortality (1.9% vs. 0.4%; p = 0.001). Differences were especially important in patients with valvular heart disease (mortality 6.9% vs 1.7% [p

Phosphorus (P) is an essential nutrient for crops. Modern agriculture is dependent on P derived from phosphate rock, which is a non-renewable resource that is becoming increasingly scarce and expensive. Therefore, it is necessary to identify alternative sources of P and develop novel technologies for its recovery. Such technologies are increasingly focused on the recovery of struvite (MgNH4PO4·6H2O) (STR) from urban wastewater. A reduction of P in effluents decreases the risk of eutrophication while allowing this mineral to be recovered and reused. Here we applied STR recovered from urban wastewater to three different soils and examined its slow-release properties. We performed a soil column leaching study and compared the results of soil treated with STR with those of soil amended with conventional phosphorous fertilizers, namely NPK, ammonium phosphate (MAP), and superphosphate (SSP). Phosphate leaching capacity followed the order MAP ~ NPK > SSP > STR in the three soils and was consistent with its rate of water solubility. Analysis of the soils after the leaching process showed differences in available P, the highest content being found in soils treated with STR. The results were consistent with those obtained in the leaching assay. STR behaves as a slow-release fertilizer and reduces the risk of eutrophication compared to the conventional P fertilizers tested.

El presente artículo tiene tres propósitos en orden a contribuir con el vigente debate en torno a la doctrina del control de convencionalidad. En primer lugar, determinar su actual definición según la propia jurisprudencia de la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos. En segundo lugar, presentar las consecuencias más resaltantes que, tanto en el derecho constitucional como en el derecho internacional público, supone la aceptación de esta figura en cuestión. Con ello, en tercer y último lugar, evidenciar por qué la eventual aprobación estatal de esta doctrina debe contar más que con la participación de las altas cortes nacionales, con la del Parlamento de los respectivos países de la región.

La Casa de las Cadenas fue edificada por un comerciante sobre el lugar que ocupaba su anterior vivienda. El motivo fue conmemorar que, durante la procesión del día del Corpus Christi de 1692, la custodia se había resguardado allí de una gran tormenta. Tras haberle concedido Carlos II el privilegio de Cadenas, encargó en Génova una importante portada y otras piezas de mármol, en una de las cuales, situada en la torre, se localiza la firma de Ponzanelli. Sucesivas reformas fueron alterando o eliminaron elementos sustanciales de las trazas barrocas originales. Pero en los paramentos renovados han pervivido algunos elementos antiguos, mientras que otros es posible identificarlos en documentos fotográficos. El análisis de estas evidencias y su cotejo con otras fuentes permite conocer características perdidas del diseño original y también comprender la ubicación de la firma del escultor en un lugar aparentemente secundario.

Background: The main objective was to evaluate differences in the clinical, motor, or functional variables in patients with Early Osteoarthritis (EOA) and individuals at risk of developing osteoarthritis (OA). Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed. All the participants were divided into two groups: EOA patients and healthy subjects (HS) at risk of developing OA. The main outcomes were clinical tests, such as those of knee morphology, instability, or proprioception; motor and functional variables, such as knee strength, range of motion, walking speed, and the sit-to-stand test; pain and disability, assessed through the Western Ontario McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) and Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) scales; and knee alignment and leg length inequality, assessed via X-ray images. Results: A total of 97 participants were included (54 EOA and 43 HS). Patients with EOA showed a greater presence of knee pain (p < 0.01). In addition, more EOA patients showed instability both in the left (p < 0.01) and right legs (p < 0.05). Regarding the knee alignment variable, significant differences were found (p < 0.04), with more patients with EOA diagnosed as possessing a varus alignment. In addition, EOA patients showed lower knee strength, since statistically significant differences were found regarding flexion and extension strength in the left leg (Mean Difference (MD): 12.92; p = 0.03; d = −0.46 and MD:7.81; p = 0.04; d = −0.39). Differences were found for the sit-to-stand test scores, showing lower results for the EOA group (MD: −1.91; p < 0.01; d = 0.54). Conclusions: The results of this research show statistically significant differences between patients with EOA and HS at risk of developing OA with respect to pain, disability, instability, knee strength, and the sit-to-stand test. Our results suggest that the evaluation of clinical, motor, and functional features could contribute to an early management of knee OA.

From samples of the Paleozoic Tamatán Group (Huizachal–Peregrina Anticlinorium, Tamaulipas, Mexico), petrographic (qualitative and modal) and geochemical analyses (major, trace, and rare earth elements) were conducted. The first U–Pb geochronological data on detrital zircons of the Tamatán Group were generated using four samples. The data presented here contains a broad overview of photomicrography, recalculated modal point-count data, raw geochemical data, and simple statistics of selected geochemical parameters. The data presented in this article are interpreted and discussed in the research article titled “Provenance and tectonic setting of the Tamatán Paleozoic sequence, NE Mexico: Implications for the closure of the Rheic Ocean at the northwestern part of Gondwana” [1].

Objectives: To offer analgesia and sedation should be a priority in paediatric emergency departments. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness and safety of the sedation-analgesia procedure, as well as the satisfaction of the doctors, patients and parents. Methods: A multicentre, observational, and prospective analytical study was conducted on the sedation-analgesia procedure performed on children younger than 18 years old in 18 paediatric emergency departments in Spain from February 2015 until January 2016. Results: A total of 658 procedures were recorded. The effectiveness was good in 483 cases (76.1%; 95% CI: 72.7–79.4%), partial in 138 (21.7%; 95% CI: 18.5–24.9%), and poor in 14 (2.2%; 95% CI: 1.1–3.4). The effectiveness was better when the doctor in charge was an emergency paediatrician (OR: 3.14; 95% CI: 1.10–8.95), and when a deeper level of sedation was achieved (OR: 2.37; 95% CI: 1.68–3.35). Fifty two children (8.4%) developed adverse drug reactions, more usually gastrointestinal, neurological or respiratory ones (89.9% were resolved in

La investigación inicialmente se enfocó en los beneficios que podrían aprovecharse de la planta llamada comfrey, el estudio se realizó en el municipio de Cachipay Cundinamarca. En entrevista con agricultores encontramos varios interrogantes del por qué una planta con las propiedades de las que hablaban los productores (de una forma más empírica que científica) no era más aprovechada, lo que nos condujo a indagar sobre qué tipos de uso podrían dársele. Nos encontramos con un uso en particular que nos llamó la atención: emplear esta planta en la fabricación de concentrado alternativo para la crianza de cerdos. Así que nos enfocamos en la producción de dicho concentrado para poder hacer un experimento y compararlo con el concentrado comercialmente conocido y poder comprobar la viabilidad de criar cerdos con el concentrado alternativo en busca de reducir costos y mejorar las propiedades de la carne de cerdo para el consumo humano.

Em exames de tomografia de emissão de positrões (PET, do acrónimo inglês Positron Emission Tomography) com tomografia computadorizada (TC) a ansiedade pode interferir com a experiência do paciente e até com o diagnóstico. A música tem vindo a ser utilizada para controlo da ansiedade dos pacientes em inúmeros contextos clínicos. Objetivo – Verificar o efeito da música no controlo da ansiedade dos pacientes durante exames PET/TC. Métodos – Estudo exploratório onde foram incluídos 22 pacientes no grupo de controlo (GC) e 23 no grupo experimental (GE) que realizaram exame de PET/TC com fluorodesoxiglucose marcada com flúor-18 (18F-FDG). Os pacientes do GE ouviram música durante a aquisição de imagens, enquanto os do GC não. Todos os pacientes responderam a questionários sobre a experiência do exame (QEE) e a uma versão reduzida do questionário State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-State (STAI-S) antes do exame (AE) e depois do exame (DE). Procedeu-se ainda à medição da pressão arterial sistólica (PAS) e diastólica (PAD) AE e DE. Resultados – Os valores do STAI-S não diferiram significativamente entre grupos, quer AE quer DE. Contudo, do AE para o DE verificou-se um aumento destes valores no GC e, em oposição, uma diminuição no GE. Comparando as PA entre o GE e o GC constatou-se que não existem diferenças significativas AE, mas existem DE, sendo que no GE os valores são inferiores aos do GC. No GE 91,3% dos pacientes relatou que a música é um auxílio durante o exame, classificando em média o nível de utilidade em 4,4 (0 a 5, sendo 5 o máximo). Conclusões – No presente estudo ouvir música parece ser eficaz no controlo da ansiedade em exames de PET/TC, mostrando-se os pacientes satisfeitos quanto à utilização desta técnica.

Interaction between the atmosphere, plants and soils plays an important role in the carbon cycle. Soils contain vast amounts of carbon, but their capacity to keep it belowground depends on the long-term ecosystem dynamics. Plant growth has the potential of adding or releasing carbon from soil stocks. Since plant growth is also stimulated by higher CO2 levels, understanding its impact on soils becomes crucial for estimating carbon sequestration at the ecosystem level. A recent meta-analysis explored the effect CO2 levels have in plant versus soil carbon sequestration. The integration of 108 experiments performed across different environments revealed that the magnitude of plant growth and the nutrient acquisition strategy result in counterintuitive feedback for soil carbon sequestration.

AimsThe objective of this study is to analyze how the impact of Diabetes Mellitus [DM] in patients with COVID-19 varies according to altitudinal gradient.MethodsWe obtained 1,280,806 records from adult patients with COVID-19 and DM to analyze the probability of COVID-19, development of COVID-19 pneumonia, hospitalization, intubation, admission to the Intensive Care Unit [ICU] and case-fatality rates [CFR]. Variables were controlled by age, sex and altitude of residence to calculate adjusted prevalence and prevalence ratios.ResultsPatients with DM had a 21.8% higher prevalence of COVID-19 and an additional 120.2% higher prevalence of COVID-19 pneumonia. The adjusted prevalence was also higher for these outcomes as well as for hospitalization, intubation and ICU admission. COVID-19 and pneumonia patients with DM had a 97.0% and 19.4% higher CFR, respectively. With increasing altitudes, the probability of being a confirmed COVID-19 case and the development of pneumonia decreased along CFR for patients with and without DM. However, COVID-19 patients with DM were more likely to require intubation when residing at high altitude.ConclusionsThe study suggests that patients with DM have a higher probability of being a confirmed COVID-19 case and developing pneumonia. Higher altitude had a protective relationship against SARS-CoV-2 infection; however, it may be associated with more severe cases in patients with and without DM. High altitude decreases CFR for all COVID-19 patients. Our work also shows that women are less affected than men regardless of altitude.

Introducción: el antígeno prostático específico (PSA) es el marcador de afectación prostática más frecuentemente utilizado. Valores mayores de 4 ng/ml se han asociado a aumento en el diagnóstico de cáncer de próstata, por lo cual se indica la biopsia prostática. Sin embargo, existen otras entidades patológicas que también pueden causar dicho aumento, como las inflamaciones e infecciones de la próstata. Objetivos: estimar la incidencia de cáncer de próstata en pacientes con PSA entre 4 y 10 ng/ml, que recibieron terapia con antibióticos por sospecha de prostatitis subclínica. Materiales y métodos: estudio observacional realizado en historias clínicas de paciente de tres centros de Cartagena, Colombia, donde se incluyeron varones mayores de 50 años con PSA entre 4 y 10 ng/ml, sin manifestaciones clínicas de prostatitis. Se excluyeron aquellos con biopsias prostáticas previas, tratamiento previo para prostatitis, anormalidades al tacto rectal o uso previo de inhibidores de 5-alfa reductasa. Se analizaron variables como edad, PSA antes y después del tratamiento antibiótico, la variabilidad de los niveles y el resultado de la biopsia. Los resultados se consideraron estadísticamente significativos cuando p

The aim of the study was to investigate the exercise intensity and energy expenditure during four types of on-court tennis drills. Five female and five male tennis players participated in the study (age: 17 ± 2 years; V∙O2max: 54 ± 6 ml·kg−1·min−1). Anthropometric measures were taken for each player and, on separate days, each player performed (i) treadmill running to determine V∙O2max and (ii) four different tennis drills (Drill1-4) during which V∙O2, blood lactate concentration, ratings of perceived exertion (RPE 6–20), and displacement of center of mass (m) using 3D kinematics were recorded. The drills were designed to simulate match play with 90 s of rest between each drill. A repeated two-way ANOVA was used for physiological and biomechanical data and Friedman's test for RPE using < α 0.05. Fractional utilization of V∙O2max was greatest during Drill1 81.8 ± 7.0% and lowest during Drill4 72.4 ± 5.2% (p < 0.001) with no difference between sexes (p > 0.05). The highest energy expenditure was during Drill1 and lowest during Drill4 (77 ± 15 and 49 ± 11 kcal, respectively, p < 0.05). Energy expenditure per meter for Drill1–Drill4 was subsequently reduced for each drill with 10.5 ± 2.1, 9.9 ± 2.2, 7.6 ± 1.7, and 8.0 ± 1.6 J·kg−1·m−1 (p < 0.01). There were no interaction effects for any of these variables. RPE (6–20) and blood lactate concentration post Drill1–Drill4 were 17.5, 15.5, and 13.0 (overall, legs and arms, p < 0.001) and 5.9 ± 2.0, 4.9 ± 1.9, 5.6 ± 2.0, and 5.0 ± 2.2 mmol·l−1 (p < 0.05). The findings of this study demonstrate that the on-court tennis drills performed here are suitable for high intensity training in junior tennis players. The energy expenditure per minute is comparable to similar sports whereas the energy expenditure per meter is notably greater.

BACKGROUND:A Demographic and Family Health Survey (ENDES, for Encuesta Demográfica y de Salud Familiar in Spanish) is carried out annually in Peru. Based on it, the anemia prevalence was 43.6% in 2016 and 43.8% in 2017 using the WHO cutoff value of 11 g/dL and the altitude-correction equation. OBJECTIVE:To assess factors contributing to anemia and to determine its prevalence in Peruvian children 6 to 35 months old. METHODS:We used the MEASURE DHS-based ENDES survey to obtain representative data for11364 children from 6 to 35 months old on hemoglobin and health determinants. To evaluate normal hemoglobin levels, we used the original WHO criterion of the 5th percentile in children without chronic malnutrition and then applied it to the overall population. Relationships between hemoglobin and altitude levels, usage of cleaning methods to sanitize water safe to drink, usage of solid fuels and poverty status were tested using methodology for complex survey data. Percentile curves were made for altitude intervals by plotting hemoglobin compared to age. The new anemia rates are presented in graphs by Peruvian political regions according to the degree of public health significance. RESULTS:Hemoglobin increased as age and altitude of residence increased. Using the 5th percentile, anemia prevalence was 7.3% in 2016 and 2017. Children from low altitudes had higher anemia prevalence (8.5%) than those from high altitudes (1.2%, p

Los descubrimientos arqueológicos acaecidos en el lugar conocido como Punta de la Vaca durante 1887, que culminaron con el hallazgo de un sarcófago antropoide fenicio, impulsaron la creación del Museo Arqueológico Provincial de Cádiz. El Museo se incorporó pronto al Estado y tuvo varias sedes hasta su instalación definitiva en el edificio de la plaza de Mina donde se había ubicado inicialmente y que también acogía al Museo Provincial de Bellas Artes. La fusión de las dos antiguas instituciones en 1970 dio lugar a la creación del Museo de Cádiz, convirtiéndose a partir de entonces en una sección del nuevo Museo. Su historia estuvo plagada de dificultades debido a la escasez de recursos, pero en el momento de la unión ya contaba con un importante volumen de fondos, que se han incrementado sustancialmente durante las últimas décadas.

A desconfiança ameaça o discurso e a ação políticos. Porém, apenas a linguagem e, portanto, as “aparências” podem nos dizer a verdade, pois só conhecemos o mundo através delas. Não há outro acesso possível à realidade e à verdade, social ou natural, além daquilo que o mundo, natural ou construído, oferece à percepção de nossos sentidos e sobre o qual construímos seu próprio “sentido” . Diante da persistente desconfiança das aparências e, portanto, da linguagem – uma suspeita semiótica baseada na ideia de que a linguagem nada mais é do que um véu cuja função não é dizer ou fazer conhecer o mundo, mas sim ser um filtro (quase um feitiço) que nos impede de “sentir” a realidade exata das coisas e defender uma palavra política “transparente” e “imediata” – este artigo se propõe a analisar os conflitos enunciativos da construção do discurso político como “mediação” semiótica.

El trabajo se realizó con el objetivo de evaluar el efecto de dos biofertilizantes en la producción de maíz, solos y combinados con dos fórmulas de fertilización química. El experimento se realizó bajo un diseño experimental de bloques al azar, con nueve tratamientos y cuatro repeticiones, conformando un total de 36 unidades experimentales. Los biofertilizantes evaluados fueron las especies Azospirillum brasilense y Chromobactherium violaceum, y las fórmulas de fertilización química 80-23-15 y 160-46-30 de N, P y K. El mejor rendimiento de grano de maíz se logró con el tratamiento Azospirillum brasilense + 160-46-30 de N-P-K, con 5.97 t ha-1, en segundo lugar Chromobacterium violaceum + 80-23-15 de N-P-K con 5.87 t ha-1. El menor rendimiento de 4.30 t ha-¹ se tuvo con el Testigo absoluto. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que cuando se utiliza biofertilizantes existe un incremento en el rendimiento de maíz por efecto de la aplicación de microorganismos benéficos. El análisis económico mostró que los mayores beneficios netos se tuvieron con los tratamientos Azospirillum brasilense + Chromobacterium violaceum + fertilización química 160-46-30 y Azospirillum brasilense + fertilización quimica 160-46-30. Se concluye que el uso del biofertilizante Azospirillum brasilense representó un incremento en el rendimiento de grano de 27.98% (1.67 t ha-1) con respecto al testigo absoluto, lográndose un mayor beneficio neto.

This note presents the first record of the genus Astrodoras Bleeker, 1862 (Siluriformes, Doradidae) in the Colombian Amazon (Amacayacu National Park). The single species described for the genus is A. asterifrons (Kner, 1853), reported only from the Amazon River basin in Brazil and Bolivia. The Colombian specimens are characterized by a gas (swim) bladder that is different from that of A. asterifrons, indicating that they represent a distinct and undescribed species of Astrodoras.

Objective. Assessing the level of anxiety in oncology patients who underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT low dose scan and identifying the main reasons that generate anxiety. Material and Method. The study included 81 cancer patients submitted to the 18F-FDG PET/CT low dose scan. Patients filled in the Scan Experience Questionnaire and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) before and after 18F-FDG PET/CT low dose scan. Results. Substantial levels of anxiety were detected both before and after 18F-FDG PET/CT low dose scan (STAI mean > 30), with a significant increase in the state of anxiety after scan performance (p

La investigación se realizó en Villaflores, Chiapas, México, localizado entre los paralelos 16º 15’ 14’’ de latitud Norte y en el meridiano 93º 15’ 22’’ de longitud Oeste, con una altitud de 557 msnm y clima cálido subhúmedo. El objetivo fue evaluar la respuesta de las plantas de café en etapa de vivero, manejadas bajo el enfoque ecológico, a la utilización de tres abonos orgánicos (composta, bocashi y vermiabono) empleados bajo diferentes proporciones (25%, 50%, 75% y 100%). El diseño experimental utilizado fue completamente al azar con el arreglo de tratamientos bifactorial con 13 tratamientos y tres repeticiones, haciendo un total de 39 unidades experimentales, cada unidad experimental constó de 30 plántulas establecidas en bolsa de vivero de 13*20 cm. Los resultados indican que los abonos orgánicos composta y bocashi mostraron los mejores beneficios en la producción de plantas de café en la etapa de vivero, sobresaliendo las proporciones de 25% y 50%. Para el número de hojas la proporción que acumuló la mayor cantidad fue 50% de composta; para esta misma proporción se cuantificó el mayor peso seco y verde de raíz, tallo y hojas, por lo que se considera como uno de los tratamientos más pertinentes para la producción de plántulas de café en la etapa de vivero.

La enfermedad tromboembólica venosa idiopática es una frecuente forma de manifestación inicial de un cáncer aparentemente oculto. Este escenario es un desafío para el médico clínico que deberá seleccionar una estrategia diagnóstica para la búsqueda de dicho tumor oculto. El objetivo del presente trabajo es, en base a los conocimientos actuales, recomendar un esquema de estudio de estos pacientes intentando diagnosticar la mayor parte de tumores sin producir iatrogenia en el intento. Esta revisión inicia su encabezado con una viñeta clínica muy breve, la cual únicamente busca ilustrar una situación clínica habitual y ubicar al lector en el contexto al que se hace referencia. Luego se revisa la evidencia científica disponible a la fecha para conceptualizar el marco teórico del cual se desprenden las recomendaciones finales.

La enfermedad tromboembólica venosa (ETEV) es la principal causa de morbimortalidad materna, seguida en segundo lugar por las hemorragias. La primera da cuenta de 19,6% de las muertes obstétricas. Presentamos el caso clínico de una paciente de 29 años con mala historia obstétrica, que cursando la cuarta gesta instala una embolia pulmonar bilateral seguida por la pérdida del embarazo. No se logró atribuir a ninguna de las trombofilias conocidas hasta el momento la responsabilidad de la misma, a pesar de la alta incidencia (50%) de trombofilias en la población embarazada con ETEV.

We describe the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance (NNIS) system. Elements of the system critical for successful reduction of nosocomial infection rates include voluntary participation and confidentiality; standard definitions and protocols; identification of populations at high risk; site-specific, risk-adjusted infection rates comparable across institutions; adequate numbers of trained infection control professionals; dissemination of data to health-care providers; and a link between monitored rates and prevention efforts.

Es conocido de todos el emplazamiento de El Raso de Candeleda, al Sur de la provincia de Ávila, en su límite con las de Toledo y Cáceres, al pie de la Sierra de Gredos por su vertiente meridional. Allí venimos realizando excavaciones desde hace una docena larga de años, las cuales nos han permitido conocer, con bastante claridad, el origen y la evolución del yacimiento en la segunda mitad del último milenio a.C, con unos elementos que pueden considerarse de una época anterior y otros que pertenecen ya al periodo de la romanización.

La policondritis recidivante (PR) es una infrecuente afección autoinmune sistémica, de etiología desconocida y curso recurrente, con mayor frecuencia entre la tercera y cuarta década de la vida. Presentamos un caso de policondritis recidivante, realizando consideraciones clínico-terapéuticas sobre una patología de diagnóstico esencialmente clínico, que se manifiesta con signos y síntomas propios de una enfermedad sistémica, destacándose la necesidad del abordaje multidisciplinario del paciente con enfermedad sistémica inmunomediada.

En las condiciones de la economía contemporánea son varias las evidencias que muestran las dificultades del planeta para poder mostrar resultados favorables en la construcción del desarrollo sostenible. La participación de los países de periferia es de gran importancia para asegurar el bienestar del mismo. Situaciones inapropiadas en la agricultura y la manera como se realiza el comercio internacional de los alimentos, se convierten en dificultades de gran preocupación en la economía actual. Adicionalmente, los problemas estructurales de los países en vía de desarrollo relacionados con el servicio de la deuda impiden prácticas sostenibles al interior de sus economías por las limitaciones financieras que presentan. Los problemas sociales, productivos y crediticios al interior de cada país, impiden que se pueda construir sostenibilidad desde periferia. La economía internacional y los instrumentos que se pueden utilizar para reorganizar o modificar el mundo, con la intención de buscar el beneficio colectivo, que asegure la preservación del patrimonio natural mundial y una oferta y demanda de bienes ambientales no evolucionan adecuadamente.Las estrategias internacionales que eviten el sufrimiento, los mayores desastres ambientales en las generaciones presentes y futuras no son las mejores. La crisis económica actual y la evolución del sistema económico no permiten mejorar las condiciones de las economías del mundo, especialmente las más pobres, y por consiguiente, no se podrá implantar modelos sostenibles eficaces. La naturaleza de la sostenibilidad debe ser colectiva para que agregadamente pueda mostrar resultados favorables. Si esta situación no se da el sistema tiende a ser involutivo. ABSTRACT: Under the conditions of the contemporary economy are several evidences that show the difficulties of the planet to show favorable results in the construction of sustainable development. The involvement of peripheral countries is of great importance to ensure the welfare of the planet. Inappropriate situations in agriculture and how international trade is carried food, difficulties become major concern in today’s economy. Additionally, structural problems of developing countries pathway related to debt service impede sustainable practices within their economies have financial constraints. The social, productive and credit within each country are preventing sustainability can be built from the periphery. The international economy and the tools that can be used to rearrange or change the world, with the intention of seeking the common good, which ensures the preservation of world natural heritage and a supply and demand for environmental goods do not evolve properly. International strategies to avoid suffering the biggest environmental disasters in the present and future generations are not the best. The current economic crisis and the evolution of economic system does not allow to improve the conditions of the world’s economies, especially the poorest, and therefore can not implement effective sustainable models. The nature of sustainability must be collective for aggregators to show favorable results. If this situation is not the system tends to be involutory.

Introducción: la esclerosis sistémica es una enfermedad autoinmune sistémica caracterizada por daño endotelial, inflamación y fibrosis de piel, vasos y órganos internos. Existen diferencias en frecuencia, gravedad y pronóstico en diferentes grupos étnicos, lo que remarca la importancia del estudio en cada región geográfica, para poder diagnosticar tempranamente sus manifestaciones incipientes. Material y método: realizamos un estudio descriptivo y retrospectivo entre marzo de 2006 y marzo de 2008, incluyendo pacientes con diagnóstico definitivo de esclerosis sistémica, asistidos en la Unidad de Enfermedades Autoinmunes Sistémicas del Hospital de Clínicas. Resultados: fueron incluidas 31 mujeres, con 39,2 meses de seguimiento promedio, edad media al diagnóstico de 47,6 años. Once pacientes (35,5%) presentaron enfermedad difusa y 20 (64,5%) enfermedad limitada. Treinta presentaron fenómeno de Raynaud. En 92% la capilaroscopia mostró un patrón esclerodermiforme. A nivel respiratorio encontramos intersticiopatía en 25%, hipertensión arterial pulmonar en 22,2% y un patrón restrictivo en estudios de función respiratoria en 35,5%. El 67,7% presentó manifestaciones digestivas y 9,6% desarrolló una crisis renal esclerodérmica. Hallamos anticuerpos antinucleares (ANA) en 29/31 (93,5%) pacientes; 16 presentaron anticuerpos anticentromero y cinco anti-topoisomerasa-I. Las cuatro (12,9%) pacientes fallecidas durante el seguimiento presentaron elementos comunes como esclerosis sistémica difusa, úlceras digitales y compromiso respiratorio severo. Conclusiones: las características clínicas e inmunológicas encontradas fueron similares a las descriptas en otras series. En ausencia de tratamiento específico, debe insistirse en la valoración periódica de las repercusiones viscerales para controlar y retrasar la instalación de complicaciones con elevada morbimortalidad.

El cambio climático ha captado la atención del mundo entero, en especial por los problemas presentados en el planeta con mayor relevancia, en lo que va corrido del siglo XXI. América Latina sale a relucir, no por la cantidad de emisiones de gases efecto invernadero (GEI), sino por la oportunidad que tiene de brindar al mundo un equilibrio que mitigue el impacto, como su oferta de bosques y el sumidero que representa, estas formas de compensación y daño de las actividades económicas responsables del efecto invernadero, pueden ser analizadas con interés desde instrumentos como las externalidades e internalidades de manera global. La participación de los países de América Latina y el Caribe en el escenario internacional, así como los acuerdos multilaterales sobre medio ambiente (amumas) que están vigentes en la actualidad, deben ser de vital importancia en la globalización y en el comercio internacional donde, se regulan y manejan las condiciones de producción, distribución y consumo de bienes y servicios económicos. Abstract: Climate change has attracted worldwide attention, especially due to the problems experienced on the planet, in particular in these first years of the 21st century. Latin America stands out, not because of the amount of emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs), but because it has the opportunity to provide a balance to the world that will mitigate the impact, with its forests and its representation as a sink. These forms of compensation and damage to economical activities responsible for the greenhouse effect can be analyzed with instruments such as externalities and internalities in a global way. The participation of Latinamerican and Caribbean countries in the international arena, as well as, multilateral environmental agreements (amumas) that are in force nowadays, have been vital in globalization and international trade where conditions of production, distribution and consumption of economical goods and services are regulated and managed.