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Abstract Background Doege-Potter syndrome is a rare paraneoplastic phenomenon associated with solitary fibrous tumors of the pleura (SFTPs). It is characterized by the presence of severe, sustained, and treatment-refractory hypoglycemia. Hypoglycaemia, which may be the sole symptom at disease onset, is mediated by the secretion of high-molecular-weight insulin-like growth factor (IGF-2). Most tumors exhibit benign behavior, with a 100% survival rate at 5 years. However, 10% of these tumors may display aggressive behavior with local or metastatic recurrence. We present a clinical case of a patient with a benign solitary fibrous tumor of the pleura who presented with symptomatic hypoglycemia and required pulmonary and pleural surgical resection to control the paraneoplastic phenomenon. Case presentation A Hispanic 46-year-old man presented with a 15-day history of transient alterations in consciousness worsened by fasting. The relevant medical history included obstructive sleep apnea treated with continuous positive air pressure (CPAP) and previous smoking. In-hospital studies revealed noninsulinemic hypoglycemia and a benign SFTP. Complete surgical resection was performed while the patient received dextrose fluids and corticosteroids perioperatively for hypoglycemia. Subsequently, the hypoglycemia resolved, and the patient was followed-up without disease recurrence. Conclusion Doege-Potter syndrome is challenging to recognize. However, effective treatment can be achieved with a high survival rate. Raising awareness among healthcare professionals about the recognition of this paraneoplasic syndrome patients will improve diagnostic suspicion, biochemical confirmation, the development of diagnostic and therapeutic guidelines, and the creation of predictive indices for aggressive presentations requiring closer monitoring.

In this article, we document the use of hail cannons in Mexico to dispel or suppress heavy rain episodes, a common practice among farmers, without scientific evidence to support its effectiveness. This study uses two rain databases: one compiled from the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) mission and the other generated with the implementation of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. The aim is to explore the association between heavy rain episodes and hail cannon locations. The analysis includes two geographic features: a pair of coordinates and a 3 km radius area of influence around each hail cannon. This dimension is based on the size and distribution of the heavy rainfall events. This study analyzes four years of half-hourly rain data using the Python ecosystem environment with machine learning libraries. The results show no relationship between the operation of hail cannons and the dissipation or attenuation of heavy rainfall events. However, this study highlights that the significant differences between the GPM and WRF databases in registering heavy rain events may be attributable to their own uncertainty. Despite the unavailability of ground-based observations, the inefficiency of hail cannons in affecting the occurrence of heavy rain events is evident. Overall, this study provides scientific evidence that hail cannons are inefficient in preventing the occurrence of heavy rain episodes.

Nitrogen plays a fundamental role as a nutrient for the growth of leaves and the process of photosynthesis, as it directly influences the quality and yield of corn. The importance of knowing the foliar nitrogen content through Machine Learning algorithms will help determine the efficient use of nitrogen fertilization in a context of sustainable agronomic management by avoiding Nitrogen loss and preventing it from becoming a pollutant for the soil and the atmosphere. The combination of machine learning algorithms with vegetation spectral indices is a new practice that helps estimate parameters of agricultural importance such as nitrogen. The objective of the present study was to compare random forest and neural network algorithms for estimating total plant nitrogen with spectral indices. Five spectral indices were obtained from remotely piloted aircraft systems and analyzed by mean, maximum and minimum from each sample plot to finally obtain 15 indices, and total nitrogen was estimated from the georeferenced points. The most important variables were selected with backward, forward and stepwise methods and total nitrogen estimates by laboratory were compared with random forest models and artificial neural networks. The most important indices were NDREmax and TCARImax. Using 15 spectral indices, total nitrogen with a variance of 79% and 81% with random forest and artificial neural network, respectively, was estimated. And only using NDREmax and TCARmax indices, 73% and 79% were explained by random forest and artificial neural network, respectively. It is concluded that it is possible to estimate nitrogen in forage maize with two indices and it is recommended to analyze by phenological stage and with a greater number of field data.

Abstract Oscura is a planned light-dark matter search experiment using Skipper-CCDs with a total active mass of 10 kg. As part of the detector development, the collaboration plans to build the Oscura Integration Test (OIT), an engineering test with 10% of the total mass. Here we discuss the early science opportunities with the OIT to search for millicharged particles (mCPs) using the NuMI beam at Fermilab. mCPs would be produced at low energies through photon-mediated processes from decays of scalar, pseudoscalar, and vector mesons, or direct Drell-Yan productions. Estimates show that the OIT would be a world-leading probe for mCPs in the ∼MeV mass range.

The Chihuahuan Desert is a distinctive and ecologically diverse region that is particularly susceptible to climate change. To effectively characterize the ecosystem services in this area, access to extensive geospatial data is crucial. Web services have emerged as a powerful solution for querying and downloading large volumes of climate geospatial data. Specifically, the Chihuahuan Desert Web Service (ChDWS) has been developed to streamline access to climate data. This service features an intuitive interface that enables researchers and decision-makers to efficiently query and download substantial datasets related to the region’s climate. With an internet connection, users can access the ChDWS more efficiently and conveniently from anywhere. This enhances the ability of researchers and decision-makers to obtain the data necessary for their studies and assessments. Web services, such as the ChDWS, offer significant advantages in querying and bulk downloading large climate geospatial datasets. They facilitate access to essential data for climate research and assessments, ultimately aiding in the better understanding and management of climate change impacts in the Chihuahuan Desert. By supporting bulk downloads in CSV and GeoTiff formats, web services like the ChDWS streamline data management and facilitate a better understanding and management of climate change impacts in the Chihuahuan Desert.

Currently there are several precipitation reconstructions for northern Mexico; however, there is a lack of temperature reconstructions to understand past climate change, the impact on ecosystems and societies, etc. The central region of Chihuahua is located in a transition zone between the Sierra Madre Occidental and the Great Northern Plain, characterized by extreme temperatures and marked seasonal variability. The objectives of this study were (1) to generate a climatic association between variables from reanalysis models and the earlywood series for the center of Chihuahua, (2) to generate a reconstruction of mean temperature, (3) to determine extreme events, and (4) to identify the influence of ocean–atmosphere phenomena. Chronologies were downloaded from the International Tree-Ring Data Bank and climate information from the NLDAS-2 and ClimateNA reanalysis models. The response function was performed using climate models and regional dendrochronological series. A reconstruction of mean temperature was generated, and extreme periods were identified. The representativeness of the reconstruction was evaluated through spatial correlation, and low-frequency events were determined through multitaper spectral analysis and wavelet analysis. The influence of ocean–atmosphere phenomena on temperature reconstruction was analyzed using Pearson correlation, and the influence of ENSO was examined through wavelet coherence analysis. Highly significant correlations were found for maximum, minimum, and mean temperature, as well as for precipitation and relative humidity, before and after the growth year. However, the seasonal period with the highest correlation was found from May to June for mean temperature, which was used to generate the reconstruction from 1775 to 2022. The most extreme periods were 1775, 1801, 1805, 1860, 1892–1894, 1951, 1953–1954, and 2011–2012. Spectral analysis showed significant frequencies of 56.53 and 2.09 years, and wavelet analysis from 0 to 2 years from 1970 to 1980, from 8 to 11 years from 1890 to 1910, and from 30 to 70 years from 1860 to 2022. A significant association was found with the Multivariate ENSO Index phenomenon (r = 0.40; p = 0.009) and Pacific Decadal Oscillation (r = −0.38; p = 0.000). Regarding the ENSO phenomenon, an antiphase association of r = −0.34; p = 0.000 was found, with significant periods of 1 to 4 years from 1770 to 1800, 1845 to 1850, and 1860 to 1900, with periods of 6 to 10 years from 1875 to 1920, and from 6 to 8 years from 1990 to 2000. This study allowed a reconstruction of mean temperature through reanalysis data, as well as a historical characterization of temperature for central Chihuahua beyond the observed records.

Abstract Background Antisynthetase syndrome is an inflammatory myopathy that is characterized by the presence of anti-aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase antibodies. Only 30% of those who suffer from the disease can be identified. We present three Hispanic cases of antisynthetase syndrome with unusual clinical pictures were extended myositis panel results enable disease diagnosis and treatment. Case presentation A 57-year-old Hispanic/Latino female with an erythematous scaly plaque, unresolved fever and non-immune haemolytic anaemia in whom inpatient work-up for fever of unknown origin was positive for anti-PL12 positive myositis extended panel. A 72-year-old Hispanic/Latino male with amyopathic weakness syndrome and mechanic hands in whom impatient work-up was relevant for proximal muscle uptake and anti-PM75 and AntiPL-12 myositis extended panel. And a 67-year-old Hispanic/Latino male with progressive interstitial lung disease and unresolved fever ended in myositis extended panel positive for antiPL-7. After systemic immunosuppressor treatment, patients had favourable clinical and paraclinical responses during outpatient follow-up. Conclusions The high variability of the antisynthetase syndrome in these cases demonstrates the importance of identification through an expanded panel and highlights the probability that this is a variable disease and that we need to include emerging molecular tests to promote the timely treatment of patients.

El desentrenamiento deportivo es un proceso esencial, para garantizar una transición fluida a los exdeportistas, de un periodo prolongado de vida deportiva a una vida posdeportiva. En este sentido, la investigación tuvo como objetivo determinar el estado actual que presenta el proceso de desentrenamiento de exdeportistas en situaciones de discapacidad físico-motora, en la provincia El Oro. Para el estudio, se seleccionaron, a través de un muestreo aleatorio simple, a ocho exdeportistas en situaciones de discapacidad físico-motora. Los exdeportistas tienen una experiencia promedio en el ámbito deportivo de 8.38 (± 4.92) años. También se interactuó con entrenadores, profesores de Educación Física, médicos, psicológicos, familiares y directivos. Se aplicaron encuestas a todos los participantes en el estudio, y solo a los exdeportistas pruebas antropométricas, médicas, de laboratorios y funcionales. Entre los resultados obtenidos, se pudo identificar que existen limitaciones para afrontar el desentrenamiento como un proceso formativo, pedagógico y social, que los deportistas retirados no cuentan con información suficiente sobre este proceso y tienen carencia de proyectos significativos, por lo que se revela la necesidad de diseñar un proceso de desentrenamiento, ajustado a sus necesidades específicas.

La preparación física, como parte del entrenamiento de los cadetes, busca poner en óptimo estado al practicante, perfecciona sus aptitudes naturales y desarrolla al máximo sus capacidades físicas por medio de ejercicios sistemáticos. En ese sentido, la velocidad de reacción durante la defensa personal constituye un importante aspecto a tratar; sin embargo, la observación y análisis de la realidad educativa en el Instituto de Enseñanza Superior del Ministerio del Interior, en Santiago de Cuba, reveló insuficiencias que limitan el logro de altos niveles en la velocidad de reacción. El objetivo del estudio consistió en elaborar una metodología para el desarrollo de la velocidad de reacción durante la defensa personal, en los cadetes de la carrera Ciencias de la Seguridad del Estado del Ministerio del Interior. En esa línea de pensamiento, se realizó una investigación con enfoque mixto y diseño cuasi experimental que empleó como métodos empíricos la revisión documental, la observación científica y la entrevista no estructurada; se utilizó la estadística inferencial por medio de la prueba de rangos de Wilcoxon para muestras relacionadas, lo que permitió conocer la eficiencia de los ejercicios especiales que se aplicaron. La calidad de la metodología quedó corroborada por los resultados obtenidos en la aplicación del criterio de expertos en la variante "Delphi" y del prexperimento, confirmados por diferentes técnicas estadísticas que resaltan la funcionalidad, sostenibilidad, pertinencia y factibilidad de la propuesta.

El nitrógeno es el nutriente más importante en cultivos forrajeros, debido a su participación en diversas reacciones bioquímicas en las diferentes etapas fenológicas de la planta. El objetivo del presente estudio fue desarrollar un modelo de regresión lineal múltiple para estimar el nitrógeno total (Nt) en planta de maíz a partir de imágenes satelitales. El porcentaje de Nt se determinó mediante tres muestreos de planta en cuatro parcelas experimentales. El modelo de estimación se obtuvo al procesar las imágenes satelitales Sentinel-2 de acuerdo a las fechas de muestreo, se calcularon 13 índices espectrales y se analizó la asociación entre los valores del contenido de nitrógeno y la reflectancia a través de: análisis de componentes principales (ACP), matriz de correlación y dendrograma. Los índices con mayor relación fueron MCARI/OSAVI, TCARI/OSAVI, MCARI/OSAVI RE y TCARI/OSAVI RE, esto permitió explicar más de 50% de la variabilidad del modelo propuesto y un EMC de 0.12. El presente estudio indicó que el cálculo de índices espectrales derivados de Sentinel-2 tiene gran potencial para conocer el estado nitrogenado del cultivo de maíz, sin embargo, para futuras investigaciones se sugiere obtener modelos de estimación de Nt por etapa fenológica del cultivo.

Introducción. La madurez fisiológica es la acumulación del máximo contenido de materia seca: inciden la línea de leche y la capa negra en la semilla de maíz, como factores morfológicos del grado de maduración; la línea de leche se relaciona con la solidificación del almidón, y la capa negra con el cese de la translocación de sustancias solubles de la planta hacia el grano. El contenido de humedad está relacionado con la madurez fisiológica y a la oportunidad de cosecha asociada con la máxima calidad. Objetivo. Determinar la madurez fisiológica de las semillas por medio de marcadores morfológicos y el contenido de humedad, y su relación con la calidad fisiológica. Materiales y métodos. El estudio se llevó a cabo en el Colegio de Postgraduados, Campus Montecillo en los meses de septiembre y octubre del 2021. Se realizaron muestreos semanales en mazorcas del cultivar experimental (Amarillo x V-54) F6; se tomaron semillas correspondientes a las áreas ápice, media y baja de la mazorca. En función del contenido de humedad se determinó la línea de leche, la capa negra y la relación de estos factores con la calidad fisiológica (germinación y vigor-envejecimiento acelerado y prueba de frío-). Resultados. El contenido de humedad de semillas maduras fue inferior al reportado en la literatura (35 %), también, se logró corroborar a nivel visual la madurez fisiológica por medio de la línea de leche y la capa negra; la germinación se incrementó conforme se avanzó en los muestreos con el menor contenido de humedad y, respecto al vigor, se detectó una mejor repuesta en el envejecimiento acelerado. Conclusiones. En la medida que el contenido de humedad disminuyó, la germinación incrementó; los marcadores morfológicos permitieron determinar el tiempo en que la semilla de maíz alcanzó la madurez fisiológica, y con ello la máxima calidad.

Background Checkpoint inhibitors targeting cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) and programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)/programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) have demonstrated clinical efficacy in advanced melanoma, but only a subset of patients with inflamed tumors are responsive. Talimogene laherparepvec (T-VEC), a modified herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) expressing granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), is a first-in-class oncolytic immunotherapy approved for the treatment of melanoma and has been shown to inflame the tumor microenvironment. To evaluate the potential and mechanisms of T-VEC to elicit systemic antitumor immunity and overcome resistance to checkpoint inhibitors in murine tumor models, OncoVEXmGM-CSF was developed similarly to T-VEC, except the human GM-CSF transgene was replaced with murine GM-CSF. Previous work had demonstrated that OncoVEXmGM-CSF generated systemic antitumor immunity dependent on CD8+ T cells in an immune checkpoint-sensitive tumor cell model.Methods A novel B16F10 syngeneic tumor model with both HSV-1−permissive subcutaneous tumors and HSV-1−refractory experimental lung metastasis was used to study the local and systemic effects of OncoVEXmGM-CSF treatment alone or in combination with checkpoint inhibitors.Results Intratumoral injection of OncoVEXmGM-CSF in combination with an anti-CTLA-4 or anti-PD-1 blocking antibody led to increased tumor growth inhibition, a reduction in the number of lung metastases, and prolonged animal survival. OncoVEXmGM-CSF induced both neoantigen-specific and tumor antigen-specific T-cell responses. Furthermore, cured mice from the combination treatment of OncoVEXmGM-CSF and anti-CTLA-4 antibody rejected tumor rechallenges.Conclusions These data support the concept that T-VEC and checkpoint inhibition may be an effective combination to treat patients with advanced melanoma.

Instantaneous Power Consumption (IPC) is relevant for understanding the autonomy and efficient energy usage of electric vehicles (EVs). However, effective vehicle management requires prior knowledge of whether they can complete a trajectory, necessitating an estimation of IPC consumption along it. This paper proposes an IPC estimation method for an EV based on satellite information. The methodology involves geolocation and georeferencing of the study area, trajectory planning, extracting altitude characteristics from the map to create an altitude profile, collecting terrain features, and ultimately calculating IPC. The most accurate estimation was achieved on clay terrain with a 5.43% error compared to measures. For pavement and gravel terrains, 19.19% and 102.02% errors were obtained, respectively. This methodology provides IPC estimation on three different terrains using satellite information, which is corroborated with field experiments. This showcases its potential for EV management in industrial contexts.

Abstract The Coherent Neutrino-Nucleus Interaction Experiment (CONNIE) is taking data at the Angra 2 nuclear reactor with the aim of detecting the coherent elastic scattering of reactor antineutrinos with silicon nuclei using charge-coupled devices (CCDs). In 2019 the experiment operated with a hardware binning applied to the readout stage, leading to lower levels of readout noise and improving the detection threshold down to 50 eV. The results of the analysis of 2019 data are reported here, corresponding to the detector array of 8 CCDs with a fiducial mass of 36.2 g and a total exposure of 2.2 kg-days. The difference between the reactor-on and reactor-off spectra shows no excess at low energies and yields upper limits at 95% confidence level for the neutrino interaction rates. In the lowest-energy range, 50 − 180 eV, the expected limit stands at 34 (39) times the standard model prediction, while the observed limit is 66 (75) times the standard model prediction with Sarkis (Chavarria) quenching factors.

Reference evapotranspiration (ET0) is the first step in calculating crop irrigation demand, and numerous methods have been proposed to estimate this parameter. FAO-56 Penman–Monteith (PM) is the only standard method for defining and calculating ET0. However, it requires radiation, air temperature, atmospheric humidity, and wind speed data, limiting its application in regions where these data are unavailable; therefore, new alternatives are required. This study compared the accuracy of ET0 calculated with the Blaney–Criddle (BC) and Hargreaves–Samani (HS) methods versus PM using information from an automated weather station (AWS) and the NASA-POWER platform (NP) for different periods. The information collected corresponds to Module XII of the Lagunera Region Irrigation District 017, a semi-arid region in the North of Mexico. The HS method underestimated the reference evapotranspiration (ET0) by 5.5% compared to the PM method considering the total ET0 of the study period (26 February to 9 August 2021) and yielded the best fit in the different evaluation periods (daily, 5-day mean, and 5-day cumulative); the latter showed the best values of inferential parameters. The information about maximum and minimum temperatures from the NP platform was suitable for estimating ET0 using the HS equation. This data source is a suitable alternative, particularly in semi-arid regions with limited climatological data from weather stations.

Un garañón, raza Costarricense de Paso, de 5 años, presentó un trauma de pene durante el coito. desarrolló parafimosis complicada con: edema, hematoma, infección local y ulceraciones cutáneas. Se efectúa una revisión de la literatura relacionada con aspectos importantes del tema, incluyendo la perspectiva de bienestar animal en reproducción caballar. Si se considera que el trauma de pene es un problema relativamente frecuente en equinos, es importante publicar esta información, para beneficio del profesional veterinario que trabaja en condiciones de campo sin el adecuado soporte de un hospital equino, como sucede en algunos países. Se describe cómo fabricar, caseramente, y aplicar un suspensorio genital para el manejo conservador exitoso del problema. Se exponen instrucciones generales para prevenir accidentes relacionados con el coito equino. Este tema se considera materia importante para evitar maltrato animal.

Abstract Liver metastasis is associated with immunotherapy resistance, although the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. By applying single cell RNA‐sequencing to a concurrent subcutaneous and liver tumor murine model to recapitulate liver metastases, it is identified that subsets within tumor‐infiltrating exhausted CD8+ T (Tex) cells and immunosuppressive tumor‐associated macrophages (TAMs) display opposite responses to concurrent liver tumors and anti‐PD‐1 treatment, suggesting a complex immune regulating network. Both angiogenic and interferon‐reactive TAMs show increased frequencies in implanted liver tumors, and anti‐PD‐1 treatment further elevates the frequencies of angiogenic TAMs. Such TAMs frequencies negatively correlate with the proportions of cytotoxic T cell subsets. Further, expression of interferon‐stimulated genes in TAMs is dramatically reduced under effective anti‐PD‐1 treatment, while such tendencies are diminished in mice with implanted liver tumors. Therefore, the study indicates that liver metastases could increase immunosuppressive TAMs frequencies and inhibit Tex responses to PD‐1 blockade, resulting in compromised systemic antitumor immunity and limited immunotherapy efficacy.

Un equino adulto, raza Ibero, capón. con historia clínica de haber presentado “úlceras e inflamaciones por todo el cuerpo más pérdida crónica de condición” es atendido. El veterinario de la finca envió muestras para biopsia a un laboratorio privado de patología y refirió el paciente al Hospital Equino, Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica. Mientras el paciente estaba hospitalizado se reciben los resultados del patólogo privado con un diagnóstico de “linfoma histiocítico no epiteliotrópico cutáneo”. El caballo es eutanasiado humanitariamente y el cuerpo examinado en el Departamento de Patología. La necropsia reporta los hallazgos macroscópicos & microscópicos más relevantes confirmando el diagnóstico de “linfoma de células B alto en células T (linfoma histiolinfocítico cutáneo equino)”. Los resultados del examen histopatológico efectuado a varios órganos del paciente mostraron la presencia de un abundante infiltrado mononuclear compuesto de linfocitos, histiocitos y algunas células plasmáticas. Considerando que las patologías dermatológicas están entre los dos primeros grupos de enfermedades que afectan caballos es de gran importancia incluir esta enfermedad en el diagnóstico diferencial.

Abstract The CONNIE experiment is located at a distance of 30 m from the core of a commercial nuclear reactor, and has collected a 3.7 kg-day exposure using a CCD detector array sensitive to an ∼1 keV threshold for the study of coherent neutrino-nucleus elastic scattering. Here we demonstrate the potential of this low-energy neutrino experiment as a probe for physics Beyond the Standard Model, by using the recently published results to constrain two simplified extensions of the Standard Model with light mediators. We compare the new limits with those obtained for the same models using neutrinos from the Spallation Neutron Source. Our new constraints represent the best limits for these simplified models among the experiments searching for CEνNS for a light vector mediator with mass M Z ′ $$ {M}_{Z^{\prime }} $$ < 10 MeV, and for a light scalar mediator with mass M ϕ < 30 MeV. These results constitute the first use of the CONNIE data as a probe for physics Beyond the Standard Model.

Goal: The aim of the study herein reported was to review mobile health (mHealth) technologies and explore their use to monitor and mitigate the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A Task Force was assembled by recruiting individuals with expertise in electronic Patient-Reported Outcomes (ePRO), wearable sensors, and digital contact tracing technologies. Its members collected and discussed available information and summarized it in a series of reports. Results: The Task Force identified technologies that could be deployed in response to the COVID-19 pandemic and would likely be suitable for future pandemics. Criteria for their evaluation were agreed upon and applied to these systems. Conclusions: mHealth technologies are viable options to monitor COVID-19 patients and be used to predict symptom escalation for earlier intervention. These technologies could also be utilized to monitor individuals who are presumed non-infected and enable prediction of exposure to SARS-CoV-2, thus facilitating the prioritization of diagnostic testing.

An assemblage of tree-ring chronologies for the Nazas (NZW) in the Western Sierra Madre (WSM), Mexico was developed to determine water inflow at the Lazaro Cardenas Dam (LCD), the main source of water for surface irrigation in the Irrigation District 017 (DDR 017), Comarca Lagunera. A Principal Component Analysis of the ring-width chronologies was conducted to determine a common climate signal, and a stepwise model based on selected chronologies of the PC1 (CBA, COC) and PC2 (ARN) were used to develop a water inflow reconstruction to the Lazaro Cardenas Dam (LCD) extending from 1753 to 2003 (251 years), resulting in the following significant findings: the warm phase of the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) in the winter-spring season had a significant influence (SOI; Dec–Feb = −0.24, p < 0.01), but the North American Monsoon System (NAMS) was the most important in determining the water yield in the summer season (r = 0.48, p < 0.01). Water gauge inflow records (77 years) at the LCD used to determine the annual allocation of water for agriculture in the irrigation district 017 was an average of 1676 × 106 m3, where the maximum annual water outflow allowed of 1100 × 106 m3 for safety reasons, the dam infrastructure was released in 74% of the years and increasing to 78% when considering the reconstructed inflow. Prolonged drought episodes lasting more than 10 consecutive years were detected in the reconstructed inflow, information that could be used by decision makers to establish proper irrigation management strategies to ameliorate the economic and social impact when these extreme hydroclimatic events may occur.

The forests of northern Mexico and the southwestern United States have been subjected to warmer temperatures, persistent drought, and more intense and widespread wildfire. Tree-ring data from four conifer species native to these borderlands forests are compared with regional and large-scale precipitation and temperature data. These species include Abies durangensis, Pinus arizonica, Pinus cembroides, and Pseudotsuga menziesii. Twelve detrended and standardized ring-width chronologies are derived for these four species, all are cross-correlated during their common interval of 1903–2000 (r = 0.567 to 0.738, p < 0.01), and all load positively on the first principal component of radial growth, which alone represents 56% of the variance in the correlation matrix. Correlation with monthly precipitation and temperature data for the study area indicates that all four species respond primarily to precipitation during the cool season of autumn and winter, October–May (r = 0.71, p < 0.01, 1931–2000), and to temperature primarily during the late spring and early summer, January–July (r 0 −0.67, p < 0.01, 1931–2000), in spite of differences in phylogeny and microsite conditions. The instrumental climate data for the region indicate that warmer conditions during the January–July season most relevant to radial growth are beginning to exceed the warmest episode of the 20th century in both intensity and duration. The strong negative correlation between temperature and tree growth indicates that these four conifer species may be challenged by the warmer temperatures forecast in the coming decades for the borderlands region due to anthropogenic forcing. This information could constitute a baseline to analyze the impact of climate change in other regions of Mexico and the USA, where conifer species are of great ecological and socioeconomical importance.

Droughts are a climatic phenomenon with local, regional, and large-scale repercussions. Historical knowledge of droughts generated by modeled data allows the development of more accurate climate reconstructions to propose better approaches for the management of hydric resources. The objective of this research was to evaluate the association of precipitation and temperature with data from the NLDAS-002 to develop a reconstruction of droughts in the center of Chihuahua, Mexico using the SPEI from tree rings. We also identified the influence of ocean–atmospheric phenomena on the reconstructed drought index. The best association among chronologies was obtained with the earlywood band and accumulated seasonal precipitation from November of the previous year to June of the current year (r = 0.82, p < 0.05) and for temperature from January to July (r = −0.81, p < 0.05). The reconstructed drought index extended from 1775 to 2017 (243 years), where seven extreme drought events were identified. We found significant correlations between the reconstructed Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (r = 0.46, p < 0.05), Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (r = −0.34, p < 0.05), Multivariate El Niño Southern Oscillation Index (r = 0.29, p < 0.05), and Southern Oscillation Index (r = −0.22, p < 0.05). The historical reconstruction of hydroclimatology in the center of Chihuahua is important for planning a long-term assessment and for the management of water resources shared by Mexico and the United States.

This paper presents the implementation of a multiplexed analog readout electronics system that can achieve single-electron counting using Skipper-CCDs with non-destructive readout. The proposed system allows the best performance of the sensors to be maintained, with sub-electron noise-level operation, while maintaining low-bandwidth data transfer, a minimum number of analog-to-digital converters (ADC) and low disk storage requirement with zero added multiplexing time, even for the simultaneous operation of thousands of channels. These features are possible with a combination of analog charge pile-up, sample and hold circuits and analog multiplexing. The implementation also aims to use the minimum number of components in circuits to keep compatibility with high-channel-density experiments using Skipper-CCDs for low-threshold particle detection applications. Performance details and experimental results using a sensor with 16 output stages are presented along with a review of the circuit design considerations.

Se desarrolló una red dendrocronológica de coníferas para la región hidrológica Armería-Coahuayana en el sur de Jalisco. El análisis de componentes principales determinó que las cronologías poseen una respuesta climática común y se integraron en una cronología regional de madera temprana, tardía y anillo total con una longitud de 215 años (1800-2014) y un periodo estadísticamente confiable de 1860 a 2014, con fines de reconstrucción hidroclimática. La cronología regional de madera temprana mostró una respuesta significativa con los registros del gasto acumulado enero-junio (r = 0.70, p < 0.01, 1952-2005) de la estación hidrométrica Quito, subregión hidrológica Coahuayana, Jalisco. Esta se utilizó para desarrollar una reconstrucción de flujo, la cual presentó alta variabilidad interanual y multianual de escurrimientos, en la que la sequía más extrema (1869 a 1876) puede considerarse como un período de escurrimientos con posibilidad de ocurrir en el futuro e implementar acciones de mitigación. La precipitación invierno-primavera y por ende los escurrimientos en la cuenca Quito evidenciaron influencia del fenómeno del Niño Oscilación del Sur, como lo indica su asociación con el índice SOI enero-junio (r = -0.47, p< 0.01) y picos significativos de 3.21 años, con el análisis espectral en la frecuencia de este fenómeno. Otros eventos circulatorios, como la Oscilación Decadal del Pacífico registró un efecto significativo, pero menor (r = 0.38, p < 0.01); mientras que, la influencia de la Oscilación Multidecadal del Atlántico no fue significativa.

Introducción: El cambio de la cobertura original de suelo y la erosión consecuente, son problemas comunes en la cuenca del río Conchos, con un impacto directo para más de 1.3 millones de habitantes. El problema se acentúa con la tala desmedida, los incendios, la sobreexplotación y la contaminación del agua superficial y subterránea. Así mismo, acorde a los pronósticos de cambio climático, se prevé una pérdida de biodiversidad y modificación del régimen hidrológico en esta importante cuenca productora de agua. Método Se evaluó la cobertura reflejada por diferentes usos de suelo mediante el software ERDAS Imagine V 2014; a su vez, la pérdida potencial de suelos se analizó espacialmente, mediante la Ecuación Universal de Pérdida de Suelo (EUPS) y la cuantificación de escurrimiento, de acuerdo con la norma oficial mexicana NOM-011-CNA-2000. Resultados y discusión: Se determinó reducción en la cubierta forestal y la zona de pastizal, detectándose un notorio incremento de superficie en zonas agrícolas y matorrales. La erosión hídrica mostró una tendencia fluctuante, donde la clase más severa de pérdida fue de 0.02 y 0.008 tm ha-1 para los años de 1980 y 2000, y aumento de 0.01 para 2018. Los volúmenes de escurrimiento máximo para 1980, fueron de 348.38 M m3 con reducción de 137.36 M m3 para el 2000, y con aumento significativo para 2018 de 743.08 M m3. Conclusiones: El uso de información climática procedente de datos asimilados, permitió detectar espacialmente los procesos de pérdida de suelo y volúmenes de escurrimiento superficial, siendo el año 2018 el más susceptible a erosión de suelo, con 1689.15 hectáreas (ha) afectadas, y con un volumen de escurrimiento medio de 379.17 M m3. De acuerdo con el hidrograma en ciertos años, las altas precipitaciones no precisan grandes volúmenes, debido a que son lecturas in situ; sin embargo, a través del presente estudio se detectaron espacialmente las zonas afectadas, donde el cambio de uso de suelo y las precipitaciones sí modifican las condiciones, lo que permitirá un mejor control y conservación de los recursos naturales.

Los anillos de crecimiento de Pinus cembroides se emplearon como proxy para reconstruir la variabilidad histórica de la precipitación anual durante 159 años (1850 a 2008) en la región oriental del estado de Tlaxcala. La reconstrucción mostró alta variación interanual y entre décadas en las lluvias. Las sequías más intensas se registraron para los periodos de 1887 a 1904, de 1969 a 1975 y de 1982 a 1991; de igual manera, se detectaron lapsos con precipitaciones superiores a la media regional de 1860 a 1863, de 1867 a 1876, de 1905 a 1909, de 1934 a 1940, de 1967 a 1969, de 1981 a 1982, de 1992 a 1993 y de 2000 a 2001. De mediados del siglo XX a principios del XXI se observó una influencia positiva de la Oscilación del Sur El Niño (ENSO, por sus siglas en inglés) sobre la alteración de la precipitación en años específicos, así como en la aparición tardía del Monzón de Norteamérica (NAMS, por sus siglas en inglés), particularmente, de 1970 a 1974, de 1988 a 1989 y de 1998 a 1999, lo que provocó fuertes periodos secos, que tuvieron un impacto social y económico importante; un ejemplo claro es el que aconteció en los años 70, cuando la interacción de ambos fenómenos dio origen al agostamiento más intenso en el periodo analizado para esta zona del estado.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common condition with diverse etiologies, affecting horses, humans, and companion animals. Importantly, OA is not a single disease, but rather a disease process initiated by different events, including acute trauma, irregular or repetitive overload of articular structures, and spontaneous development with aging. Our understanding of the pathogenesis of OA is still evolving, and OA is increasingly considered a multifactorial disease in which the innate immune system plays a key role in regulating and perpetuating low-grade inflammation, resulting in sustained cartilage injury and destruction. Macrophages within the synovium and synovial fluid are considered the key regulators of immune processes in OA and are capable of both stimulating and suppressing joint inflammation, by responding to local and systemic cues. The purpose of this review is to examine the role of the innate immune system in the overall pathogenesis of OA, drawing on insights from studies in humans, animal models of OA, and from clinical and research studies in horses. This review also discusses the various therapeutic immune modulatory options currently available for managing OA and their mechanisms of action.

Villanueva, J., Gómez, A., Cerano, J., Rosales, S., Estrada, J., Castruita, L. U., & Martínez, A. R. (mayo-junio, 2017). La variabilidad del caudal del río Acaponeta inferida mediante series de anillos de crecimiento en coníferas. Tecnología y Ciencias del Agua, 8(3), 55-74. A partir de una red de ocho cronologías de anchura de anillo con especies coníferas se integró una cronología regional para la cuenca alta del río Acaponeta (CR-Acaponeta), para reconstruir la variación del caudal medio (CM) de 1700 a 2013 (314 años). La calidad de fechado se verificó con Cofecha y la intercorrelación entre series fue de 0.47 a 0.72, indicando una señal común de crecimiento. La correlación entre cronologías individuales y la CR-Acaponeta varió de 0.32 a 0.87; se requirieron entre 7 y 17 árboles para alcanzar una señal expresada de población (EPS) de 0.85. Las series residuales correlacionadas con el CM fueron la de anillo total (RWIr) y de madera tardía (LWr). Mediante la transformación del CM a Log10 y a raíz cuadrada, y con el uso de la subrutina VERIFY de “Dendrochronology Program Library”, se obtuvieron ecuaciones de reconstrucción del CM enero-agosto (r = 0.74, p < 0.01) y agosto-octubre (r = 0.69, p < 0.01), a partir de RWIr y LWIr, respectivamente. La factibilidad de las ecuaciones para predecir en rangos fuera de los observados fue significativa, con valores de reducción de error de 0.479 y 0.465, respectivamente. La variación del CM enero-agosto se correlacionó con el fenómeno de El Niño, observándose una relación inversa y significativa (r = -0.632, p < 0.01, n = 121, 1876-1996) entre los índices RWIr y los índices de Oscilación del Sur (SOI) de invierno. La relación entre ambas variables se incrementó (r = -0.76, p < 0.01, n = 61) para eventos intensos de ENSO (El Niño Southern Oscillation). Los resultados indican que en los últimos 20 años, el volumen de escurrimiento disminuyó 10%, lo que se atribuye a acciones antropogénicas. Este trabajo muestra que es posible hacer reconstrucciones de los caudales con una red cronologías de anillos de crecimiento en el occidente de México y generar información útil para comprender la variación histórica de caudales medios, así como para mejorar la planeación y manejo de los recursos hídricos.