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Resumen Introduccion y objetivos La calcificacion grave esta presente en mas del 50% de las oclusiones coronarias cronicas totales (OCT) tratadas mediante intervencion percutanea. Nuestro objetivo fue describir el uso contemporaneo de los dispositivos de modificacion de placa (DMP) en este contexto. Metodos Los pacientes se incluyeron en el Registro Iberico de OCT de forma prospectiva y consecutiva (32 centros de Espana y Portugal), de 2015 a 2020. Se compararon en funcion del uso o no de DMP. Resultados Se incluyo a 2.235 pacientes, en 1.900 de los cuales se logro cruzar con exito la lesion con guia. Se utilizo al menos un DMP en un 7% (134 pacientes) y mas de uno en 24 pacientes (1%). Los DMP seleccionados fueron: aterectomia rotacional (35,1%), litotricia (5,2%), laser (11,2%), balones de corte (27,6%), balones OPN (2,9%) o combinaciones de mas de uno (18%). Se utilizaron DMP en pacientes mas ancianos, con mayor riesgo cardiovascular y puntuaciones Syntax y J-CTO mas elevados. Esta mayor complejidad se asocio con procedimientos mas prolongados, pero similar longitud total de stent (52 frente a 57 mm; p = 0,105). Cuando la guia cruzo con exito la oclusion, la tasa de exito final del procedimiento fue del 87,2%, pero se incremento al 96,3% cuando se utilizaron DMP (p = 0,001). Por el contrario, los DMP no se asociaron con mayor tasa de complicaciones en el procedimiento (3,7 frente a 3,2%; p = 0,615). Pese al peor perfil de riesgo basal, a los 2 anos de seguimiento no hubo diferencias en la tasa de supervivencia (94,3% DPM frente a no-DMP: 94,3% no-DPM, respectivamente, p = 0,967). Conclusiones Cuando la guia cruzo con exito una OCT, la tasa de uso de los DMP fue del 7% y se asocio a una tasa de exito final del procedimiento significativamente mayor. Los resultados a medio plazo fueron comparables cuando se precisaron DMP pese a su mayor riesgo basal, lo que sugiere que un mayor uso adecuado de estas tecnicas en este contexto podria conllevar tanto beneficios tecnicos como pronosticos.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Severe calcification is present in>50% of coronary chronic total occlusions (CTOs) undergoing percutaneous intervention. We aimed to describe the contemporary use and outcomes of plaque modification devices (PMDs) in this context. METHODS: Patients were included in the prospective, consecutive Iberian CTO registry (32 centers in Spain and Portugal), from 2015 to 2020. Comparison was performed according to the use of PMDs. RESULTS: Among 2235 patients, wire crossing was achieved in 1900 patients and PMDs were used in 134 patients (7%), requiring more than 1 PMD in 24 patients (1%). The selected PMDs were rotational atherectomy (35.1%), lithotripsy (5.2%), laser (11.2%), cutting/scoring balloons (27.6%), OPN balloons (2.9%), or a combination of PMDs (18%). PMDs were used in older patients, with greater cardiovascular burden, and higher Syntax and J-CTO scores. This greater complexity was associated with longer procedural time but similar total stent length (52 vs 57mm; P=.105). If the wire crossed, the procedural success rate was 87.2% but increased to 96.3% when PMDs were used (P=.001). Conversely, PMDs were not associated with a higher rate of procedural complications (3.7 vs 3.2%; P=.615). Despite the worse baseline profile, at 2 years of follow-up there were no differences in the survival rate (PMDs: 94.3% vs no-PMDs: 94.3%, respectively; P=.967). CONCLUSIONS: Following successful wire crossing in CTOs, PMDs were used in 7% of the lesions with an increased success rate. Mid-term outcomes were comparable despite their worse baseline profile, suggesting that broader use of PMDs in this setting might have potential technical and prognostic benefits.

Introduction and objectives: The COVID-19 epidemic and the declaration of the state of alarm have led to a decrease in healthcare activity in interventional cardiology units. The objective of this study is to quantify these changes in activity, with special interest in the treatment of patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Methods: A telematic survey of 81 centers involved in STEMI networks in the 17 autonomous communities of Spain. Information was collected on diagnostic activity, percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), structural interventions, and PCI in STEMI on changes in the organization of STEMI networks, and on the prevalence of COVID-19 among interventional cardiologists. Data was compared for the week of February 24 through March 1 (before the outbreak) and for the week of March 16 through March 22 (during the outbreak). Results: Response has been obtained from 73 centers (90%). A very significant decrease in the number of diagnostic procedures (─56%), PCI (─48%), structural interventions (─81%) and PCI in STEMI (─40%) has been observed. A slight increase in the use of pharmacological thrombolysis has been reported, although primary angioplasty remains the leading reperfusion strategy. Up to 5% of interventional cardiologists (17) had COVID-19. Conclusions: An important reduction in the activity in interventional cardiology has been observed during the COVID-19 epidemic. Likewise, a great decrease has been detected in the number of patients treated in the STEMI networks, with the risk of increased morbidity and mortality that this represents. Scientific societies and health authorities have to promote that patients presenting STEMI compatible symptoms proceed with no delay to access the health system to receive reperfusion treatment in an appropriate way.

Introducción y objetivos: Para confirmar los resultados observados en análisis preclínicos y clínicos del stent liberador de sirolimus Angiolite se diseñó el registro observacional de vida real RANGO. Métodos: El registro prospectivo multicéntrico incluyó pacientes con distintas indicaciones clínicas que recibieron al menos 1 stent Angiolite para tratar su enfermedad coronaria y que dieron su consentimiento informado. El objetivo primario fue la incidencia de fracaso del tratamiento de la lesión (FTL) a 6, 12 y 24 meses, definido como muerte de causa cardiaca, infarto de miocardio en relación con el vaso tratado o nueva revascularización de la lesión tratada. Los objetivos secundarios fueron los componentes individuales del objetivo primario y las incidencias de eventos cardiacos mayores (MACE) y de trombosis del stent. Se presentan los resultados del registro RANGO a 2 años en la población global, en los pacientes que recibieron stent Angiolite y en 2 subgrupos predefinidos de diabéticos y vasos pequeños ("64; 2,5 mm). Resultados: Se seleccionaron 646 pacientes (426 solo recibieron stents Angiolite) con un perfil de riesgo elevado: infarto previo (18,4%), revascularización coronaria previa (23,4%), presentación clínica como infarto agudo con elevación del segmento ST (23,1%) y enfermedad multivaso (47,8%). A los 2 años, la incidencia de FTL en el grupo global fue del 3,4%, la de MACE fue del 9,6% y la de trombosis del stent fue del 0,9%. En el grupo tratado solo con stents Angiolite, los resultados fueron similares (FTL 3,1%, MACE 8,0% y trombosis 0,7%). Los resultados no fueron significativamente diferentes en los diabéticos (FTL 3,0%, MACE 14,1% y trombosis 1,0%) y en los pacientes con vasos pequeños (FTL 4,3%, MACE 12,1% y trombosis 0%). Conclusiones: Los resultados del registro observacional RANGO a los 2 años en población de vida real con perfil de riesgo elevado confirman los excelentes resultados del stent Angiolite observados en estudios previos. Se plantea un seguimiento clínico a 5 años para descartar eventos muy tardíos.

Introducción y objetivos: Para confirmar los resultados observados en análisis preclínicos y clínicos del stent liberador de sirolimus Angiolite se diseñó el registro observacional de vida real RANGO. Métodos: El registro prospectivo multicéntrico incluyó pacientes con distintas indicaciones clínicas que recibieron al menos 1 stent Angiolite para tratar su enfermedad coronaria y que dieron su consentimiento informado. El objetivo primario fue la incidencia de fracaso del tratamiento de la lesión (FTL) a 6, 12 y 24 meses, definido como muerte de causa cardiaca, infarto de miocardio en relación con el vaso tratado o nueva revascularización de la lesión tratada. Los objetivos secundarios fueron los componentes individuales del objetivo primario y las incidencias de eventos cardiacos mayores (MACE) y de trombosis del stent. Se presentan los resultados del registro RANGO a 2 años en la población global, en los pacientes que recibieron stent Angiolite y en 2 subgrupos predefinidos de diabéticos y vasos pequeños ("64; 2,5 mm). Resultados: Se seleccionaron 646 pacientes (426 solo recibieron stents Angiolite) con un perfil de riesgo elevado: infarto previo (18,4%), revascularización coronaria previa (23,4%), presentación clínica como infarto agudo con elevación del segmento ST (23,1%) y enfermedad multivaso (47,8%). A los 2 años, la incidencia de FTL en el grupo global fue del 3,4%, la de MACE fue del 9,6% y la de trombosis del stent fue del 0,9%. En el grupo tratado solo con stents Angiolite, los resultados fueron similares (FTL 3,1%, MACE 8,0% y trombosis 0,7%). Los resultados no fueron significativamente diferentes en los diabéticos (FTL 3,0%, MACE 14,1% y trombosis 1,0%) y en los pacientes con vasos pequeños (FTL 4,3%, MACE 12,1% y trombosis 0%). Conclusiones: Los resultados del registro observacional RANGO a los 2 años en población de vida real con perfil de riesgo elevado confirman los excelentes resultados del stent Angiolite observados en estudios previos. Se plantea un seguimiento clínico a 5 años para descartar eventos muy tardíos.

Introduction and objectives: After the positive pre-clinical and clinical results with Angiolite, a cobalt-chromium sirolimus-eluting stent, we decided to analyze its performance in a non-selected, real-world population: the RANGO registry. Methods: We conducted an observational, prospective, multicenter registry of patients with different clinical indications. All consecutive patients treated with percutaneous coronary intervention with, at least, 1 Angiolite stent and who gave their informed consent were included. The registry primary endpoint was the occurrence of target lesion failure (TLF) at 6, 12, and 24 months defined as cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction (MI) related to target vessel, and clinically driven target lesion revascularization. The secondary endpoints were the individual components of the primary endpoint, major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE: all-cause mortality, any MI, or any revascularization), and stent thrombosis. We describe the 2-year clinical results of the RANGO study in the entire population, in those who only received Angiolite stents, and in 2 predefined subgroups: diabetics and patients with small-vessels (≤ 2.5mm). Results: 646 patients (426 of them only received Angiolite stents) with a high-risk profile were recruited: prevalence of previous MI (18.4%), previous coronary revascularization (23.4%), clinical presentation as ST-segment elevation MI (23.1%), and multivessel disease (47.8%). At the 2-year follow-up, the rates of TLF, MACE, and stent thrombosis were 3.4%, 9.6%, and 0.9%, respectively. Similar results were observed among patients treated with Angiolite stents only: TLF, 3.1%; MACE, 8.0%; thrombosis, 0.7%. The rates were not significantly different for the diabetic (TLF, 3.0%; MACE, 14.1%; thrombosis, 1.0%), and small-vessel subgroups (TLF, 4.3%; MACE, 12.1%; thrombosis, 0%). Conclusions: In conclusion, the results of this observational registry on the use of Angiolite in a real-world population, including a high-risk population, corroborate the excellent results observed in previous studies, up to a 2-year follow-up. An extended 5-year follow-up is planned to discard the occurrence of late events.

AIMS The aim of this study was to assess clinical and prognosis differences in patients with COVID-19 and STEMI. METHODS AND RESULTS Using a nationwide registry of consecutive patients managed within 42 specific STEMI care networks, we compared patient and procedure characteristics and in-hospital outcomes in two different cohorts, according to whether or not they had COVID-19. Among 1,010 consecutive STEMI patients, 91 were identified as having COVID-19 (9.0%). With the exception of smoking status (more frequent in non-COVID-19 patients) and previous coronary artery disease (more frequent in COVID-19 patients), clinical characteristics were similar between the groups, but COVID-19 patients had more heart failure on arrival (31.9% vs 18.4%, p=0.002). Mechanical thrombectomy (44% vs 33.5%, p=0.046) and GP IIb/IIIa inhibitor administration (20.9% vs 11.2%, p=0.007) were more frequent in COVID-19 patients, who had an increased in-hospital mortality (23.1% vs 5.7%, p

PRESENTACIÓN DEL CASO Se presenta el caso de un varón de 69 años con antecedentes de obesidad, síndrome de apnea del sueño y síndrome de isquemia crónica de extremidades inferiores, de grado IIB. Entre los factores de riesgo cardiovascular destacan tabaquismo activo hasta 2016, hipertensión arterial, diabetes mellitus tipo II y dislipemia en tratamiento. En enero de 2017 el paciente ingresó por bloqueo auriculoventricular de grado III y se le implantó un marcapasos DDDR. En dicho ingreso se observó arritmia completa por fibrilación auricular y se pautó anticoagulación con rivaroxabán. En junio de 2017 presentó angina inestable y se le diagnosticó estenosis aórtica grave con enfermedad coronaria del tronco común y 3 vasos, por lo que se le realizó intervención quirúrgica de recambio valvular aórtico y revascularización mediante doble bypass de arteria mamaria izquierda a arteria descendente anterior e injerto de safena a segunda obtusa marginal. En la actualidad refiere clínica de angina de mínimos esfuerzos de 5-6 meses de evolución, por lo que se realiza cateterismo (antes del procedimiento se obtuvo el consentimiento informado para la posible publicación educativa del caso). En dicho estudio, realizado por acceso femoral debido a problemas en el brazo, se aprecia el lecho nativo con enfermedad del...

Introduction and objectives: Chronic total coronary occlusion (CTO) is often a complex entity to deal with through a percutaneous coronary intervention, and the clinical benefits of successful recanalization still remain uncertain. Most registries feature data in limited time periods and do not reflect the impact that specific dedicated programs have on recanalization. Our study evaluates the results of a CTO program on a long-term period of time. Methods: All patients’ CTOs treated with percutaneous coronary interventions at our center from 2002 through 2017 were prospectively included in the registry. The clinical, angiographic and procedural data were collected, and clinical follow-up was conducted. Three consecutive periods of time were considered for the analysis of temporal trends. Results: Atotal of 424 CTOs (408 patients) were included. In 339 patients (80%) the procedure was successful. The rate of success increased over time, from 57% in 2002-2006 to 87% in 2012-2017 (P = .001). The most important independent predictor of procedural failure was lesion tortuosity. After a median follow-up of 39.7 months, the rates of major adverse cardiovascular events and cardiovascular mortality in success vs failed groups were 13.9% vs 24.7% (P = .015) and 3.6% vs 14.1% (P = .001), respectively. These were the independent predictors of cardiovascular mortality: chronic kidney disease, left anterior descending artery occlusion, and procedural failure. Conclusions: Our series shows a high rate of success in CTO recanalization, which has increased over the last few years due to greater expertise and improved program-specific technical advances. Several angiographic and procedural variables have been identified as predictors of failure. Successful procedures, especially on the left anterior descendent coronary artery, were associated with lower rates of cardiovascular mortality.

espanolIntroduccion y objetivos: La epidemia de COVID-19 y la declaracion del estado de alarma han propiciado una disminucion en la actividad en la cardiologia intervencionista. El objetivo de este estudio es cuantificar esta disminucion, con especial interes en el funcionamiento del codigo infarto. Metodos: Se realizo una encuesta telematica a 81 centros de las 17 comunidades autonomas espanolas con procedimientos de codigo infarto. Se recogio informacion sobre la actividad diagnostica, el intervencionismo coronario, el intervencionismo estructural y el intervencionismo en el seno del infarto agudo de miocardio con elevacion del segmento ST (IAMCEST) sobre cambios en la organizacion de las redes del infarto y sobre la afeccion por COVID-19 de las plantillas de cardiologia intervencionista. Se compararon 2 periodos: uno entre el 24 de febrero y el 1 de marzo (antes del inicio de la pandemia en Espana) y el otro entre el 16 y el 22 de marzo (durante la pandemia). Resultados: Se obtuvo respuesta de 73 centros (90%) que evidencio una disminucion significativa en el numero de procedimientos diagnosticos (─56%), terapeuticos coronarios (─48%), terapeuticos estructurales (─81%) y en el seno del IAMCEST (─40%). Se indico un leve incremento en el uso de trombolisis. Se diagnostico infeccion por COVID-19 en 17 cardiologos intervencionistas (5%). Conclusiones: Se observo una reduccion importante de la actividad asistencial durante la epidemia de COVID-19 y una gran disminucion en el numero de pacientes tratados con IAMCEST, con el riesgo de incremento de morbimortalidad que esto supone. Las sociedades cientificas y autoridades sanitarias deberian promover que los pacientes con sintomas compatibles con IAMCEST demanden asistencia al sistema sanitario para poder recibir el tratamiento de reperfusion de forma adecuada. EnglishIntroduction and objectives: The COVID-19 epidemic and the declaration of the state of alarm have led to a decrease in healthcare activity in interventional cardiology units. The objective of this study is to quantify these changes in activity, with special interest in the treatment of patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Methods: A telematic survey of 81 centers involved in STEMI networks in the 17 autonomous communities of Spain. Information was collected on diagnostic activity, percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), structural interventions, and PCI in STEMI on changes in the organization of STEMI networks, and on the prevalence of COVID-19 among interventional cardiologists. Data was compared for the week of February 24 through March 1 (before the outbreak) and for the week of March 16 through March 22 (during the outbreak). Results: Response has been obtained from 73 centers (90%). A very significant decrease in the number of diagnostic procedures (─56%), PCI (─48%), structural interventions (─81%) and PCI in STEMI (─40%) has been observed. A slight increase in the use of pharmacological thrombolysis has been reported, although primary angioplasty remains the leading reperfusion strategy. Up to 5% of interventional cardiologists (17) had COVID-19. Conclusions: An important reduction in the activity in interventional cardiology has been observed during the COVID-19 epidemic. Likewise, a great decrease has been detected in the number of patients treated in the STEMI networks, with the risk of increased morbidity and mortality that this represents. Scientific societies and health authorities have to promote that patients presenting STEMI compatible symptoms proceed with no delay to access the health system to receive reperfusion treatment in an appropriate way.

Introduction and objectives: ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) regional networks pose great organizational differences that may compromise their results. The Working Group on Hemodynamics and Interventional Cardiology has carried out a survey among its members on the level of satisfaction and the state of primary angioplasty programs in Spain. Methods: On-line, open and anonymous survey, among the Hemodynamics and Interventional Cardiology Working Group members conducted between May 22 and June 5, 2018 on the necessities of the aforementioned programs and the degree of satisfaction of the professionals involved. Results: Answers were obtained from 172 professionals with representation from 75 centers and 17 autonomous communities. The number of angioplasties performed in the STEMI setting per year and per center was 259 ± 110. The degree of satisfaction of the professionals with the application of the Infarction Code and the degree of personal satisfaction scored 7.2 ± 2.2 and 7.2 ± 2.4 points out of 10, respectively, although with significant regional differences. The main areas of concern detected were logistics issues, insufficient paycheck compensations and lack of rest. The 55% were inclined to leave their on-call duties when possible. Conclusions: The survey has revealed a high degree of satisfaction by the professionals involved in STEMI treatment, although with notable differences among different autonomous communities and has allowed detecting logistical, structural and paycheck disturbances that can put primary angioplasty programs in situations of vulnerability.

espanolIntroduccion y objetivos: Las redes regionales de atencion al infarto agudo de miocardio con elevacion del segmento ST presentan grandes diferencias en terminos de organizacion que puede llegar a comprometer sus resultados. La Seccion de Hemodinamica y Cardiologia Intervencionista ha realizado una encuesta entre sus miembros sobre el grado de satisfaccion y la situacion de los programas de angioplastia primaria en Espana. Metodos: Se realizo una encuesta online, abierta y anonima, entre los miembros de la Seccion de Hemodinamica y Cardiologia Intervencionista entre los dias 22 de mayo y 5 de junio de 2018, sobre las necesidades de los programas y el grado de satisfaccion de los profesionales. Resultados: Se obtuvieron 172 respuestas de profesionales, con representacion de 75 centros y 17 comunidades autonomas. El numero de angioplastias en el infarto agudo de miocardio con elevacion del segmento ST por ano y por centro fue de 259 ± 110. El grado de satisfaccion de los profesionales con la aplicacion del Codigo Infarto, asi como el grado de satisfaccion personal, obtuvieron una puntuacion de 7,2 ± 2,2 y 7,2 ± 2,4 puntos sobre 10, respectivamente, aunque con diferencias regionales significativas. Las principales areas de preocupacion detectadas fueron las limitaciones logisticas, la retribucion insuficiente y la falta de descanso. Si fuera posible, un 55% estaria dispuesto a dejar las guardias. Conclusiones: La encuesta ha puesto de manifiesto un alto grado de valoracion del sistema por parte de los profesionales, aunque con diferencias notables entre las comunidades autonomas, y ha permitido detectar disfunciones logisticas, estructurales y retributivas que pueden poner a los programas de angioplastia primaria en situacion de vulnerabilidad. EnglishIntroduction and objectives: ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) regional networks pose great organizational differences that may compromise their results. The Working Group on Hemodynamics and Interventional Cardiology has carried out a survey among its members on the level of satisfaction and the state of primary angioplasty programs in Spain. Methods: On-line, open and anonymous survey, among the Hemodynamics and Interventional Cardiology Working Group members conducted between May 22 and June 5, 2018 on the necessities of the aforementioned programs and the degree of satisfaction of the professionals involved. Results: Answers were obtained from 172 professionals with representation from 75 centers and 17 autonomous communities. The number of angioplasties performed in the STEMI setting per year and per center was 259 ± 110. The degree of satisfaction of the professionals with the application of the Infarction Code and the degree of personal satisfaction scored 7.2 ± 2.2 and 7.2 ± 2.4 points out of 10, respectively, although with significant regional differences. The main areas of concern detected were logistics issues, insufficient paycheck compensations and lack of rest. The 55% were inclined to leave their on-call duties when possible. Conclusions: The survey has revealed a high degree of satisfaction by the professionals involved in STEMI treatment, although with notable differences among different autonomous communities and has allowed detecting logistical, structural and paycheck disturbances that can put primary angioplasty programs in situations of vulnerability.

CASE RESOLUTION A scheduled procedure was decided. An 8-Fr 45 cm long Flexor Shuttle-SL introducer guiding sheath (Cook, United States) was inserted via femoral access again. An 8-Fr AL2 guide catheter was inserted into the ostium of the aortocoronary graft with a valve with a body shorter than usual, the FLO40XR hemostasis valve (Merit, United States). Afterwards, a 120 cm straight tip 5-Fr Heartrail ST01 guide catheter was inserted (Terumo, Japan) that was connected to a different FLO40XR valve. The SION blue Extra Support guidewire (Asahi Intecc, Japan) was advanced towards the left circumflex artery, and mounted over it, a 5-Fr GuideLiner guide extension catheter (Teleflex, United States) was advanced. The goal of this telescoping catheter system was to increase support to be able to move the stent forward (figure 1 and figure 2). Figure 1. Arrangement of the catheters with their special valves to allow a longer usable length. The valves with the shortest bodies allow longer effective catheter lengths to reach the target lesion. Figure 2. Quadruple telescoping catheter system mounted over the SION blue ES guidewire. The compatibility between the 5-Fr guide extension catheter and the 5-Fr ST01 guide catheter is seen...

Introduction and objectives: After the positive pre-clinical and clinical results with Angiolite, a cobalt-chromium sirolimus-eluting stent, we decided to analyze its performance in a non-selected, real-world population: the RANGO registry. Methods: We conducted an observational, prospective, multicenter registry of patients with different clinical indications. All consecutive patients treated with percutaneous coronary intervention with, at least, 1 Angiolite stent and who gave their informed consent were included. The registry primary endpoint was the occurrence of target lesion failure (TLF) at 6, 12, and 24 months defined as cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction (MI) related to target vessel, and clinically driven target lesion revascularization. The secondary endpoints were the individual components of the primary endpoint, major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE: all-cause mortality, any MI, or any revascularization), and stent thrombosis. We describe the 2-year clinical results of the RANGO study in the entire population, in those who only received Angiolite stents, and in 2 predefined subgroups: diabetics and patients with small-vessels ("64; 2.5mm). Results: 646 patients (426 of them only received Angiolite stents) with a high-risk profile were recruited: prevalence of previous MI (18.4%), previous coronary revascularization (23.4%), clinical presentation as ST-segment elevation MI (23.1%), and multivessel disease (47.8%). At the 2-year follow-up, the rates of TLF, MACE, and stent thrombosis were 3.4%, 9.6%, and 0.9%, respectively. Similar results were observed among patients treated with Angiolite stents only: TLF, 3.1%; MACE, 8.0%; thrombosis, 0.7%. The rates were not significantly different for the diabetic (TLF, 3.0%; MACE, 14.1%; thrombosis, 1.0%), and small-vessel subgroups (TLF, 4.3%; MACE, 12.1%; thrombosis, 0%). Conclusions: In conclusion, the results of this observational registry on the use of Angiolite in a real-world population, including a high-risk population, corroborate the excellent results observed in previous studies, up to a 2-year follow-up. An extended 5-year follow-up is planned to discard the occurrence of late events

CASE PRESENTATION Fifty-three-year-old woman with dyslipidemia who was admitted due to effort angina of 1-week duration and an episode of angina at rest the night before. The electrocardiogram did not show any repolarization alterations. Troponin T levels were measured with a 4-h interval and they duplicated the normal reference levels (28 ng/L, 31 ng/L; normal reference value: 0-14 ng/L). Initially, acetylsalicylic acid was administered (300 mg). That same morning an exercise testing was conducted that turned out clinically inconclusive and electrically non-assessable to rule out ischemia because it did not reach 85% of the theoretical maximum frequency. The coronary angiography showed non-significant angiographic lesions in the anterior descending and circumflex arteries. The right coronary artery (RCA) showed a severe lesion in its middle segment. Taking into consideration that therapy with only acetylsalicylic acid was used, the patient’s clinical manifestations at rest, and the markers on borderline significance it was decided that the patient was suffering from unstable angina and a loading dose of ticagrelor (180 mg), a bolus of tirofiban (25 µg/kg, without infusion), and heparin (70 U/kg) were administered. A 3.5 x 24 mm drug-eluting stent was deployed in the middle RCA with optimal results (figure 1).

ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) networks should guarantee STEMI care with good clinical results and within the recommended time parameters. There is no contemporary information on the performance of these networks in Spain. The objective of this study was to analyze the clinical characteristics of patients, times to reperfusion, characteristics of the intervention performed, and 30-day mortality.Prospective, observational, multicenter registry of consecutive patients treated in 17 STEMI networks in Spain (83 centers with the Infarction Code), between April 1 and June 30, 2019.A total of 5401 patients were attended (mean age, 64±13 years; 76.9% male), of which 4366 (80.8%) had confirmed STEMI. Of these, 87.5% were treated with primary angioplasty, 4.4% with fibrinolysis, and 8.1% did not receive reperfusion. In patients treated with primary angioplasty, the time between symptom onset and reperfusion was 193 [135-315] minutes and the time between first medical contact and reperfusion was 107 [80-146] minutes. Overall 30-day mortality due to STEMI was 7.9%, while mortality in patients treated with primary angioplasty was 6.8%.Most patients with STEMI were treated with primary angioplasty. In more than half of the patients, the time from first medical contact to reperfusion was120 minutes. Mortality at 30 days was relatively low.

CASE PRESENTATION This is the case of a 69-year-old man with a past medical history of sleep apnea syndrome, and chronic lower limb ischemia syndrome grade IIB. Smoking habit was among the patient’s cardiovascular risk factors reported until 2016, followed by arterial hypertension, type II diabetes mellitus, and dyslipidemia on medical therapy. Back in January 2017, the patient was hospitalized due to second-degree atrioventricular block with implantation of a DDDR pacemaker. During hospitalization complete arrhythmia due to atrial fibrillation was confirmed that was eventually anticoagulated with rivaroxaban. In June 2017 the patient developed unstable angina with a diagnosis of severe aortic stenosis with left main coronary artery disease and 3-vessel disease. Surgical aortic valve replacement followed by revascularization with double left internal mammary artery bypass towards the left anterior descending coronary artery, and saphenous vein graft towards the second obtuse marginal branch was decided. Currently, he complaints of angina-like symptoms during minimal exertion with a 5 to 6-month evolution, which is why cardiac catheterization was performed (prior to the procedure, the patient’s informed consent was obtained anticipating the possible publication of the case for teaching purposes). This study was performed via femoral access after discarding the arm that presented some issues. It showed...

RESUMEN El tratamiento de la oclusión total coronaria (OTC) sigue siendo uno de los grandes retos de la cardiología. La complejidad del procedimiento de angioplastia de una OTC, unida a cierta controversia en cuanto al beneficio clínico, han generado resistencias en la comunidad de cardiólogos para desarrollar programas de intervención coronaria en los laboratorios de hemodinámica. Sin embargo, la evidencia proveniente de estudios observacionales indica que el intervencionismo con éxito puede aumentar de manera significativa la calidad de vida del paciente, mejorar la función ventricular izquierda, reducir la necesidad de una posterior cirugía y, posiblemente, prolongar la supervivencia. Deben tenerse en cuenta varios factores en la selección de los pacientes para el intervencionismo, como la extensión de la isquemia que rodea a la oclusión, la viabilidad miocárdica, la ubicación coronaria de la OTC y la probabilidad de éxito del procedimiento. Esta revisión proporciona una descripción general de la anatomía y de la histopatología de las OTC, la evidencia sobre el beneficio clínico del intervencionismo, el uso de sistemas de puntuación que pueden ser útiles para evaluar de forma más objetiva la probabilidad de éxito, y un resumen de las técnicas actuales para la realización del procedimiento.

Primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI) is the best modality of reperfusion in ST segment elevation in acute myocardial infarction (STEMI). Its application requires networked assistance systems whose implementation requires significant organizational and logistical changes. In comparison with other scenarios of urgent action, a series of aspects are specific to the pPCI programs. They require immediate, clearly pre-established strategies, carried out by highly skilled professionals who attend to a high volume of highly complex patients. The lack of homogeneity in the creation and development of reperfusion programs in Spain has led to great differences in their implementation. If the pPCI programs are not carried out under adequate conditions, their sustainability can be complex. The present document, agreed between different scientific societies, aims to analyze the current situation in Spain of the network care programs for STEMI, identify their limitations and deficiencies, assess their vulnerability and establish a series of recommendations to ensure their sustainability.

espanolEl intervencionismo coronario percutaneo primario (ICPp) es la mejor forma de reperfusion en el infarto agudo de miocardio con elevacion del segmento ST (IAMCEST). Su aplicacion requiere sistemas asistenciales en red cuya implementacion exige cambios organizativos y logisticos importantes. En comparacion con otros escenarios de actuacion urgente, una serie de aspectos son especificos de los programas de ICPp. Requieren de estrategias inmediatas claramente preestablecidas, realizadas por profesionales muy expertos y que atienden a un elevado volumen de pacientes de alta complejidad. La falta de homogeneidad en la creacion y desarrollo de los programas de reperfusion en Espana ha llevado a grandes diferencias en su implantacion. Si los programas de ICPp no se efectuan en condiciones adecuadas su sostenibilidad puede ser compleja. El presente documento, consensuado entre diferentes sociedades cientificas, tiene por objetivos analizar la situacion actual en Espana de los programas de atencion en red al IAMCEST, identificar sus limitaciones y deficiencias, evaluar su vulnerabilidad y establecer una serie de recomendaciones para asegurar su sostenibilidad. EnglishPrimary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI) is the best modality of reperfusion in ST segment elevation in acute myocardial infarction (STEMI). Its application requires networked assistance systems whose implementation requires significant organizational and logistical changes. In comparison with other scenarios of urgent action, a series of aspects are specific to the pPCI programs. They require immediate, clearly pre-established strategies, carried out by highly skilled professionals who attend to a high volume of highly complex patients. The lack of homogeneity in the creation and development of reperfusion programs in Spain has led to great differences in their implementation. If the pPCI programs are not carried out under adequate conditions, their sustainability can be complex. The present document, agreed between different scientific societies, aims to analyze the current situation in Spain of the network care programs for STEMI, identify their limitations and deficiencies, assess their vulnerability and establish a series of recommendations to ensure their sustainability.

Background Currently drug-eluting stents (DES) and drug-eluting balloons are recommended in patients with in-stent restenosis (ISR). However, the efficacy of bioresorbable vascular scaffolds (BVS) after scoring balloon (SCB) predilation in these patients is unknown. Methods RIBS VI (NCT02672878) and RIBS VI 'Scoring' (NCT03069066) are prospective multicentre studies assessing the value of BVS in patients with ISR. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were identical in both studies. Results of conventional BVS implantation (112 patients) were compared with those obtained with systematic SCB therapy before BVS (108 patients). Angiographic follow-up was scheduled for all patients. Results On late angiography (93% of eligible patients) the in-segment minimal lumen diameter (primary end-point) (1.88 +/- 0.5 vs. 1.90 +/- 0.4 mm, P = 0.81), % diameter stenosis (28 +/- 17 vs. 29 +/- 15%), late lumen loss (0.23 +/- 0.4 vs. 0.22 +/- 0.4 mm) and binary restenosis rate (8.5 vs. 9.3%) were similar in the conventional BVS and SCB + BVS groups, respectively. At 1-year follow-up (100% of patients) target lesion revascularization (TLR) requirement (9.8 vs. 11.1%) was similar with the two strategies. Freedom from cardiac death, myocardial infarction and TLR was 88% and 87%, respectively. Results remained unchanged after adjusting for potential baseline confounders and were consistent in 10 prespecified subgroups. Conclusion This study suggests that results of conventional BVS implantation in patients with ISR are not improved by systematic predilation with SCB. ID: NCT02672878 (RIBS VI) and NCT03069066 (RIBS VI 'Scoring'). Copyright (c) 2020 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.

Objectives We sought to investigate stent healing and neointimal hyperplasia with ihtDEStiny drug-eluting stent (DES) by optical coherence tomography (OCT) examination conducted 9 months after implantation. Background The currently used DES present certain features that have been linked separately to their better performance in terms of efficacy and safety. Methods First-in-man, prospective and multicenter study including patients treated with ihtDEStiny stent undergoing OCT examination at 9 months follow up. The ihtDEStiny stent is a sirolimus eluting stent with an oval shape ultrathin struts (68 μm) and an abluminal coating of a fluoropolymer containing the antiplatelet agent triflusal. Primary endpoint was the percentage of obstruction of the in-stent volume by the neointima. Results In 58 patients (63 lesions) in-stent late lumen loss was 0.11 ± 0.23 mm (95% CI 0.05-0.16) with only in 6% of stents being > 0.5 mm and in-segment binary stenosis was 1.6%. In OCT mean neointima volume obstruction was 10.5 ± 6.9% with a mean neointima thickness of 110.9 ± 89.8 μm. The proportion of uncovered struts was 2.5%, malapposed struts 1.1% and malapposed/uncovered struts 0.7% and no subclinical thrombi detected. Mean incomplete stent apposition area was 0.1 ± 0.1 mm2. At 12 months target lesion revascularization rate was 3% and no stent thrombosis was reported. Conclusions In this study the ihtDEStiny stent has shown a very low degree of neointimal proliferation associated with a low rate of uncovered/malapposed struts and total absence of subclinical thrombi at 9 months follow up.

Introduction and objectives The COVID-19 outbreak has had an unclear impact on the treatment and outcomes of patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). The aim of this study was to assess changes in STEMI management during the COVID-19 outbreak. Methods Using a multicenter, nationwide, retrospective, observational registry of consecutive patients who were managed in 75 specific STEMI care centers in Spain, we compared patient and procedural characteristics and in-hospital outcomes in 2 different cohorts with 30-day follow-up according to whether the patients had been treated before or after COVID-19. Results Suspected STEMI patients treated in STEMI networks decreased by 27.6% and patients with confirmed STEMI fell from 1305 to 1009 (22.7%). There were no differences in reperfusion strategy (> 94% treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention in both cohorts). Patients treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention during the COVID-19 outbreak had a longer ischemic time (233 [150-375] vs 200 [140-332] minutes, P

Introduction and objectives Bioresorbable vascular scaffolds (BVS) have the potential to restore vasomotion but the clinical implications are unknown. We sought to evaluate angina and ischemia in the long-term in patients treated with BVS and metallic drug-eluting stents (mDES). Methods Multicenter study including patients with 24 ± 6 months of uneventful follow-up, in which stress echocardiography was performed and functional status was assessed by the Seattle Angina Questionnaire (SAQ). The primary endpoint was a positive result in stress echocardiography. Results The study included 102 patients treated with BVS and 106 with mDES. There were no differences in the patients’ baseline characteristics. Recurrent angina was found in 18 patients (17.6%) in the BVS group vs 25 (23.5%) in the mDES group ( P = .37), but SAQ results were significantly better in the BVS group (angina frequency 96.0 ± 8.0 vs 89.2 ± 29.7; P = .02). Stress echocardiography was positive in 11/92 (11.9%) of BVS patients vs 9/96 (9.4%) of mDES patients in the ( P = .71) and angina was induced in 2/102 (1.9%) vs 7/106 (6.6%) ( P = .18), respectively, but exercise performance was better in the BVS group even in those with positive tests (exercise duration 9.0 ± 2.0 minutes vs 7.7 ± 1.8 minutes; P = .02). A propensity score matching analysis yielded similar results. Conclusions The primary endpoint was similar in both groups. In addition, recurrent angina was similar in patients with BVS and mDES. The better functional status, assessed by means of SAQ and exercise performance, detected in patients receiving BVS should be confirmed in further studies.

Resumen Introduccion y objetivos Los armazones vasculares bioabsorbibles (AVB) tienen el potencial de restaurar la vasomotilidad, pero se desconocen las implicaciones clinicas. En este estudio se evaluan la angina y la isquemia a largo plazo tras el implante de AVB y stents farmacoactivos metalicos (SFAm). Metodos Estudio multicentrico, que incluyo a pacientes tras 24 ± 6 meses de evolucion sin eventos a los que se realizo ecografia de estres y se aplico el Seattle Angina Questionnaire (SAQ). El objetivo primario fue el resultado positivo en la ecografia de estres. Resultados Se incluyo a 102 pacientes tratados con AVB y 106 con SFAm, sin diferencias basales significativas. Se produjo recurrencia de la angina en 18 pacientes (17,6%) con AVB frente a 25 (23,5%) con SFAm (p = 0,37), pero los resultados del SAQ fueron significativamente mejores en el grupo AVB (frecuencia de angina, 96.0 ± 8.0 frente a 89,2 ± 29,7; p = 0,02). La ecografia de estres fue positiva en 11/92 (11,9%) con AVB frente a 9/96 (9,4%) con SFAm (p = 0,71) y se indujo angina en 2/102 (1,9%) frente a 7/106 (6,6%) (p = 0,18), pero el desempeno en el ejercicio fue mejor con AVB incluso en aquellos con tests positivos (duracion del ejercicio, 9,0 ± 2,0 frente a 7,7 ± 1,8 min; p = 0,02). Un analisis por puntuacion de propension de tratamiento ofrecio resultados similares. Conclusiones El objetivo primario fue comparable en ambos grupos. La recurrencia de la angina fue similar entre los tratados con AVB y con SFAm. El mejor estado funcional, medido por SAQ y nivel de ejercicio, detectado en pacientes con AVB tendria que confirmarse en futuros estudios.

Objectives This study sought to assess the value of bioresorbable vascular scaffolds (BVS) in patients with in-stent restenosis (ISR). Background Currently both drug-eluting stents (DES) and drug-eluting balloons (DEB) are recommended in patients with ISR. However, the value of BVS in this setting remains unclear. Methods RIBS VI (Restenosis Intra-stent: drug-eluting Balloon vs everolimus-eluting Stent) was a prospective multicenter study (19 Spanish sites) that included 141 patients treated with BVS for either bare-metal stent (BMS) ISR or DES-ISR. Late angiography was scheduled at 6 to 9 months. Inclusion/exclusion criteria were similar to those used in the RIBS IV (patients with DES-ISR) and RIBS V (patients with BMS-ISR) trials, where DEB (n = 249) was compared with everolimus (EES)-DES (n = 249). Results of BVS in RIBS VI were compared with those obtained with DEB and EES in the RIBS IV and V trials. Results On late angiography (n = 134; 95% of eligible) the in-segment minimal lumen diameter (primary endpoint) was 1.87 ± 0.5 mm, late lumen loss was 0.23 ± 0.4 mm, and restenosis rate was 11%. At 1-year follow-up (100% of patients) no patient died, 4 (2.8%) experienced a myocardial infarction, and 16 (11.3%) required target lesion revascularization. One patient (0.7%) who discontinued antiplatelet therapy experienced definitive BVS thrombosis. Freedom from cardiac death, myocardial infarction, and target lesion revascularization was 86%. The minimal lumen diameter at follow-up after BVS was similar to that obtained with DEB (1.88 ± 0.6 mm; p = NS) but smaller than that achieved after EES (2.16 ± 0.7 mm; p Conclusions This study suggests the safety and efficacy of BVS in patients with ISR. In this challenging anatomic scenario BVS obtained late angiographic and clinical results similar to DEB but inferior to EES. (Restenosis Intrastent: Bioresorbable Vascular Scaffolds Treatment [RIBS VI]; NCT02672878 )

Case report of the male with an anterior STEMI to whom a primary PCI is performed. The angiogram shows a fluctuating close of the LAD and Cx than when an OCT is performed does not clearly see any pathological findings but when the IVUS is performed, it is clearly seen as a coronary haematoma at the LM, LAD and Cx. Stent at the LM-LAD and proximal Cx are implanted with final good result. After exchanging the guiding catheter for a diagnostic catheter to visualize the RCA, there is an aortic flap; the coronary haematoma was coming from an ascending aortic dissection. The CT confirms the type A aortic dissection and the patient is sent to urgent surgery where it seems that the point of intimal disruption is close to brachiocephalic trunk; a supracommissural ascending aortic replacement is performed. After several complications the patient did well and he is alive. Although the patient got the right approach, as we focused on the coronary arteries we did not realized there was an aortic dissection until the end of the procedure.

Background The Magmaris bioresorbable magnesium scaffold was successfully tested in in-vitro and in clinical premarket studies. Subsequently the Magmaris postmarket program aimed to review intraprocedural data of at least 2000 patients to assess user preferences, guideline adherence and intraprocedural performance in clinical routine. Methods This international multicentre survey encompasses data from 356 hospitals across 45 countries. As part of the certification for Magmaris implantation, each hospital had to complete consecutive post-market evaluation forms of their first 10 commercial Magmaris patients. Results From June 2016 to May 2018, data on 2018 implantations were collected. Main reasons for selecting Magmaris was patients' life expectancy (67%, n = 1359) and low or not calcified lesions, (67%, n = 1357). Magmaris was successfully deployed in 99% of cases (n = 1995), predilatation was performed in 95% (n = 1922) and post-dilatation in 87% (n = 1756). Physicians rated the overall performance and the pushability as good or very good in 96% of cases (n = 1799). Guide wire friction, trackability, and conformability were rated as good or very good in 94% of cases, and crossability in 93%. The majority of patients were scheduled to receive dual antiplatelet therapy for up to 12 months. Conclusion Generally, implantation guidelines were adhered to and theoretical advantages of the metal scaffold observed in in-vitro tests have translated into practice with good intraprocedural performance outcomes, confirming the controlled roll-out of this novel technology into clinical practice. Summary for annotated table of content The Magmaris 2000 program includes the first commercial cases at each hospital. Overall, data on 2018 implantations were collected. The high rate of pre- and post-dilatation as well as other parameters confirm that generally the implantation guidelines are adhered to and the good intraprocedural performance (rated as good or very good in 96%) confirm the theoretical advantages of a metallic scaffold in practice.

This image series shows how bypass grafts may tent the vessel to which they are anastomosed, potentially changing the expected course of the native coronary vessel. This fact must be taken into account during CTO-PCI, and this case emphasizes the importance of careful analysis of coronary anatomy with several angiographic projections.

Background In the drug-eluting stent era, the best strategy to treat Medina 001 lesion remains unestablished. This is the first prospective registry assessing the efficacy and safety of the second-generation drug-coated balloon in patients with side-branch ostial lesion. Methods Forty-nine patients with de novo Medina 001 lesion and associated myocardial ischemia were treated with second-generation drug-coated balloon—Dior balloon catheter (Eurocor GmbH, Bonn Germany), and prospectively included in this study. After mandatory pre-dilatation, a paclitaxel-eluting balloon was inflated for a minimum of 45 seconds. Left main bifurcation, severely calcified lesions and cardiogenic shock, were the only exclusion criteria. Results The inclusion period was 2.7 years. Mean age was 62 ± 12 years old, 41% diabetic, 65% presented with acute coronary syndrome. The most common vessel treated was the first diagonal (50%). Pre-dilatation with a cutting balloon was used in 59%. Angiographic success was 86% (in 14% a bare metal stent was implanted because of acute recoil [n = 5] or coronary dissection more than type B [n = 2]). At a mean of 12.2 ± 2.2 months, major cardiac adverse events rate was 14.3% (1 myocardial infarction, 0 cardiac deaths, 7 target lesion revascularization). There was no thrombosis or occlusion. At a mean of 7.2 ± 1.1 months, binary restenosis was 22.5% (n = 7) with a late loss of 0.32 ± 0.73 mm. Conclusion Medina 001 lesion is an infrequent type of coronary lesion. Drug-coated balloon—Dior is a safe and technically easy therapeutic option, associated with acceptable mid-term clinical outcomes. (J Interven Cardiol 2016;29:285–292)