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ABSTRACT Objectives: to analyze the associations between bullying participation profiles (victims, bullies, and bully-victims) and the risk for eating disorders in adolescents. Methods: a cross-sectional study was conducted with 491 students, aged 10 to 18 years. Data were collected through the application of the Peer Victimization and Aggression Scale and the Eating Attitudes Test, and were statistically analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Spearman correlation. Results: the risk for eating disorders was higher for the victim profile, both for boys and girls. For both sexes, physical victimization, verbal victimization, and relational victimization were significantly associated with variables related to the risk for eating disorders. For boys, there were also significant associations related to aggression. Conclusions: student victims, especially boys, are more vulnerable to the consequences of bullying in relation to the risk for eating disorders.

ABSTRACT Objective: To verify whether nursing and medical students take measures regarding their cardiovascular health and the associated risk factors. Method: Cross-sectional study, online data collection with 413 students in February and March 2021, using specific and validated instruments. Kruskal-Wallis, chi-square and logistic regression were adopted for statistical analyses. Results: 73.3% self-reported that they were healthy. We identified a higher risk for developing cardiovascular diseases in sedentary students (OR = 38.6, p < 0.001), with irregular adherence to physical activity (OR = 16.2, p < 0.001) and with a higher level of perceived stress (OR = 1.12, p < 0.001). Conclusion: Students who take action to promote cardiovascular health showed lower risk compared to those who did not. If students do not value their own health during the education process, this may interfere with their professional performance after graduation.

Resumo Nos períodos de transição escolar ocorre mais bullying. Um dos fatores associados pode ser a existência de déficits nas habilidades sociais dos estudantes. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi verificar possíveis diferenças nas habilidades sociais de estudantes envolvidos e não envolvidos em situações de bullying no período de transição escolar. Participaram 408 estudantes do sexto ano do Ensino Fundamental, com média de idade de 11,3 anos (DP = 0,62). Os dados foram coletados mediante uma escala e um questionário, e avaliados estatisticamente por análises de variância (ANOVA). As vítimas-agressoras apresentaram as menores médias nas habilidades sociais e diferenciaram-se significativamente das vítimas, agressores e não envolvidos no bullying em relação às habilidades de empatia/civilidade, autocontrole e participação. Já os estudantes não envolvidos apresentaram as maiores médias nas habilidades sociais. Conclui-se que a melhoria das habilidades sociais dos estudantes em transição escolar pode ajudar a prevenir e/ou reduzir o bullying.

Abstract This study aimed to understand the impact of victimization caused by bullying on the mental health of adolescents. It is a qualitative investigation conducted with 55 students from 11 public schools in a city of Minas Gerais State, Brazil. The data were collected through semi-structured interviews and reviewed according to content analysis using Atlas TI software. A total of 19 students participating in the study reported having already suffered bullying at school. It was verified in the narratives that the victimization by bullying represents a threat to the health and mental well-being of the students, characterizing itself as a painful, daily and lasting experience in the school trajectory. Four thematic categories were identified: 1) Mental illness attributed to the aggressions suffered; 2) Negative emotions associated with school and peer relationships; 3) Impotence and passivity; and 4) distrust of weak institutional responses. The results can support interventions to promote mental health at school with victimized students.

Existem lacunas no contexto latinoamericano no que se refere à divulgação resultados de intervenções antibullying na escola, desta forma, pretendeu-se analisar os resultados de ações para prevenção ou redução da ocorrência de bullying e cyberbullying. Trata-se de uma revisão sistemática da literatura. O levantamento bibliográfico ocorreu nas bases de dados LILACS, PsycINFO, SciELO, SCOPUS e Web of Science. Foram incluídos apenas ensaios clínicos randomizados no ambiente escolar. Um total de nove estudos foram incluídos na revisão, sendo avaliados como de alta qualidade metodológica. Esta revisão sintetiza conhecimentos obtidos com estudos realizados em diversos países, esclarecendo limitações e contribuições de programas experimentais voltados a estudantes, pais e equipe escolar, o que possibilita reflexões para futuras intervenções.

Although dung beetles are important members of ecological communities and indicators of ecosystem quality, species diversity, and how it varies over space and habitat types, remains poorly understood in the Brazilian Cerrado. We compared dung beetle communities among plant formations in the Serra Azul State Park (SASP) in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil. Sampling (by baited pitfall and flight-interception traps) was carried out in 2012 in the Park in four habitat types: two different savanna formations (typical and open) and two forest formations (seasonally deciduous and gallery). A total of 5,400 individuals collected comprised 57 species in 22 genera. Typical savanna had the greatest species richness and abundance, followed by open savanna and deciduous forest, while the gallery forest had the fewest species but high abundance. Tunnelers (one of three main nesting behavior guilds) showed the greatest richness and abundance (except in the gallery forest, where one dweller species was extremely abundant) in all plant formations. We found that species richness and abundance of the dung beetle community are influenced by differences among plant formations. Habitat heterogeneity in the different plant formations along with anthropic influences (fire, habitat fragmentation) are cited as important factors that explain guild and species richness and distribution patterns. These results emphasize the importance of protected areas, such as SASP, for the maintenance and conservation of species diversity in the Brazilian Cerrado.

O objetivo deste estudo é comparar o desempenho escolar entre os diferentes papéis de participação no bullying em dois países (Brasil e Portugal). Consiste num estudo transcultural de corte transversal de cunho exploratório e amostragem intencional. 376 crianças e adolescentes (do 5º e 6º ano de escolas públicas e privadas) participaram deste estudo, sendo 197 de Portugal e 179 do Brasil. Os papéis de participação no bullying foram obtidos mediante a aplicação de uma escala sociométrica e o desempenho escolar foi avaliado pelas médias finais obtidas ao final do ano letivo de quatro disciplinas (ciências, inglês, matemática e português). Os dados foram analisados através da estatística descritiva e inferencial (teste Kruskal-Wallis e U de Mann-Whitney). Destaca-se que em Portugal as vítimas apresentaram melhor desempenho escolar. Já no Brasil não foram encontradas diferenças significativas. Os dados apontam que o desempenho escolar parece ser uma variável mais importante no estabelecimento dos papéis de participação no bullying em Portugal do que no Brasil, indicando que a relação entre essas variáveis não pode ser considerada característica padrão entre os envolvidos neste fenómeno em diferentes países.

The present study aimed to characterize, through descriptive statistics, data from scientific articles selected in a systematic integrative review that performed a microbiological diagnosis of Salmonella spp. in aquaculture. Data were obtained from research articles published in the BVS, Scielo, Science Direct, Scopus and Web of Science databases. The selected studies were published between 2000 and 2020 on samples of aquaculture animal production (fish, shrimp, bivalve mollusks, and other crustaceans) and environmental samples of aquaculture activity (farming water, soil, and sediments). After applying the exclusion criteria, 80 articles were selected. Data such as country of origin, categories of fish investigated, methods of microbiological diagnosis of Salmonella spp., sample units analyzed and most reported serovars were mined. A textual analysis of the word cloud and by similarity and descending hierarchical classification with the application of Reinert’s algorithm was performed using R® and Iramuteq® software. The results showed that a higher percentage of the selected articles came from Asian countries (38.75%). Fish was the most sampled category, and the units of analysis of the culture water, muscle and intestine were more positive. The culture isolation method is the most widespread, supported by more accurate techniques such as PCR. The most prevalent Salmonella serovars reported were S. Typhimurium, S. Weltevreden and S. Newport. The textual analysis showed a strong association of the terms “Salmonella”, “fish” and “water”, and the highest hierarchical class grouped 25.4% of the associated text segments, such as “aquaculture”, “food” and “public health”. The information produced characterizes the occurrence of Salmonella spp. in the aquaculture sector, providing an overview of recent years. Future research focusing on strategies for the control and prevention of Salmonella spp. in fish production are necessary and should be encouraged.

The aim of the present study was to investigate Salmonella behavior in meat stored in cool conditions (between 0 °C and 7.5 °C), by employing a systematic review and meta-analysis. The data were obtained from research articles published in SciELO, PubMed, the Web of Science, and Scopus databases. The results of the retrieved studies were obtained from meat (beef, chicken, pork, poultry, and turkey), fish, shellfish, and broth media samples The data were extracted as sample size (n), initial concentration (Xi), final concentration (Xf), standard deviation (SD), standard error (SE), and microbial behavior effects (reduction or growth). A meta-analysis was carried out using the metaphor package from R software. A total of 654 articles were initially retrieved. After applying the exclusion criteria, 83 articles were selected for the systematic review, and 61 of these were used for the meta-analysis. Most studies were conducted at 0 °C to 4.4 °C storage temperatures under normal atmosphere package conditions. Salmonella Typhimurium, S. Enteritidis, and a cocktail (strain mixture) were inoculated at 5.0 and 6.0 log CFU mL−1. Articles both with and without the addition of antimicrobial compounds were found. Salmonella concentration decreases were observed in most studies, estimated for all study combinations as −0.8429 ± 0.0931 log CFU g−1 (95% CI; −1.0254, −0.6604) (p < 0.001), varying for each subgroup analysis. According to this survey, Salmonella concentration decreases are frequent during cool storage, although concentration increases and no bacterial inactivation were observed in some studies.

Enquadramento: O Bullying escolar é um fenómeno mundial. Os observadores são centrais à compreensão do fenómeno e ao desenvolvimento de ações de prevenção. Objetivo: Conhecer a vivência de estudantes identificados como testemunhas de situações de bullying. Metodologia: Estudo qualitativo e exploratório desenvolvido numa escola brasileira, à luz da teoria social cognitiva. Participaram 20 estudantes com idades entre 13 e 18 anos. Os dados foram colhidos através de entrevistas semiestruturadas e grupos focais. A análise temática foi aplicada aos dados. Resultados: A taxa de prevalência de estudantes que observaram situações de bullying foi de 64%. Os participantes possuem bom conhecimento sobre o bullying, avaliam o comportamento agressivo como negativo ou prejudicial, mas esse entendimento não se converte em senso de autoeficácia e ações de ajuda às vítimas. Uma categoria temática foi construída – Tomada de atitude, reforço e sentimentos – “O que motivava o agressor era a plateia”. Conclusão: A vivência dos estudantes é assinalada por questões individuais, escolares e contextuais. Implicações para a atenção primária em saúde são enunciadas.

RESUMO O bullying é um dos principais problemas enfrentados por crianças e adolescentes nas escolas. Este estudo teve por objetivo examinar evidências disponíveis na literatura sobre o efeito do desengajamento moral no envolvimento de estudantes em situações de bullying. Para tanto, foi realizada revisão sistemática com metanálise e consulta a oito bases de dados. As publicações elegíveis foram analisadas por meio da análise conceitual e do pacote estatístico Metafor. O estudo foi registrado na base PROSPERO. No total, 15 artigos foram incluídos na revisão. Os dados evidenciam que o desengajamento moral é um forte preditor para o comportamento de bullying (OR 0,27; IC95%: 0,18, 0,35) e estudantes propensos a se desengajarem moralmente podem praticar mais bullying quando comparados com estudantes com maior engajamento moral. Conclui-se que fatores cognitivos relacionados ao desengajamento moral devem ser incluídos na discussão do fenômeno, bem como ser considerados nas propostas de intervenção antibullying.

Resumo Introdução O bullying escolar representa um fenômeno expressivo no Brasil e no mundo, impactando na saúde e no desenvolvimento de crianças e adolescentes. Objetivo Analisar as relações entre as percepções de estudantes sobre bullying escolar e interações familiares. Método Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo, do qual participaram 55 estudantes. Entrevistas semiestruturadas foram utilizadas na coleta de dados e analisadas segundo a análise de conteúdo, em sua modalidade temática, no software Atlas.Ti. O referencial teórico-metodológico adotado foi a Teoria Bioecológica do Desenvolvimento. Resultados Revelou-se que a) as características individuais, resultantes do processo de desenvolvimento que envolve a família, são os fatores que melhor explicam o bullying; b) as experiências negativas no contexto familiar podem favorecer o envolvimento dos estudantes em situações de bullying; e c) aspectos positivos das famílias podem ser considerados pontos fortes a serem explorados por programas de intervenção. Conclusão Foram identificadas relações entre as percepções acerca do bullying escolar e as interações familiares. A investigação aumenta a compreensão sobre a complexidade do bullying e poderá subsidiar iniciativas de formação de profissionais que atuam na área da saúde e têm as famílias como matriz de ação na atenção primária.

This article analyzes the repercussions of the Return Home Program – a Brazilian cash transfer program – on the lives of people discharged from psychiatric hospitals. Our aim was to ascertain the program’s repercussions on the lives of its beneficiaries, particularly with respect to the implications of accessing an income for their everyday life, in addition to highlighting some of the intersections between their life contexts and existential territories: sexuality, gender, aging, and forms of urban violence. An evaluative study was carried out between 2017 and 2018 that focused on the life itineraries of 20 people. Consequently, we were able to observe that access to income was a fundamental aspect of the experience of living outside the hospital, with regards to the exercise of material exchanges and forays into the community. We discuss the challenges of guaranteeing assisted support to beneficiaries on a contractual basis and the evaluation of psychosocial rehabilitation processes, linked to the intersections that mark ways of living.

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the Primary Health Care inter-sectoral network in a rural context to face domestic violence against children and adolescents. Method: A qualitative research study, with the Paradigm of Complexity as theoretical and methodological framework. Eighteen health professionals from two rural Family Health Units in a municipality in the state of São Paulo were the participants. Data was collected through minimum maps of the institutional network and focus groups in May and June 2019. Data was analyzed through thematic analysis. Results: Two categories emerged, entitled "It's not nonexistent, but it's complicated" and "We're always on the firing line". The existence of a weakened network; assistance based on biomedical bias; and care fragmentation were characteristics present in the care provided to the families. Final considerations: The absence of network care was evident, with isolation and overload of the Primary Health Care unit that is enhanced by the characteristics of rurality.

Objetivo: desenvolver Tecnologia Educacional Digital (vídeo de simulação) sobre Ressuscitação Cardiopulmonar no adulto em Suporte Básico de Vida com o uso do Desfibrilador Externo Automático no ambiente hospitalar. Metodologia: trata-se de uma pesquisa de produção tecnológica, aplicada. Desenvolvida na Universidade de São Paulo, Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto, no período de janeiro de 2017 a março de 2018. Expertises na área de Urgência e Emergência, 16 enfermeiros, participaram do estudo. Estatística AC1 foi utilizada para avaliar a concordância inter-avaliadores. Resultados: o roteiro/script e storyboard foi validado e alcançado 100% da avaliação em “concordo” ou “concordo fortemente”. Classificados em “concordância considerável”, com AC1 0,70 e p

Resumo: A COVID-19, doença provocada pelo SARS-CoV-2 (novo coronavírus), surgiu na China em dezembro de 2019 e se espalhou rapidamente por todo o mundo. Diante desse cenário, este estudo objetivou identificar o impacto ou os efeitos da pandemia da COVID-19 na saúde dos adolescentes. Trata-se de uma revisão da literatura do tipo scoping review valendo-se das seguintes bases de dados: Web of Science; CINAHL; PsycINFO; SciELO; PUBCOVID19. O estudo seguiu as etapas propostas pelo Instituto Joanna Briggs para scoping reviews, e a questão que orientou os procedimentos adotados foi construída pelo acrônimo PCC (população; conceito; contexto). Foram incluídos 11 artigos na revisão. Clinicamente, os adolescentes apresentam os mesmos sintomas da COVID-19 que os adultos acometidos pela doença. Verificou-se que a pandemia e as medidas sanitárias adotadas para controlar a contaminação são associadas a problemas de saúde mental em adolescentes. Especificamente, os adolescentes têm vivenciado de forma negativa as medidas de distanciamento social e fechamento das escolas. Essas medidas também podem favorecer a ocorrência de violências ou comportamentos agressivos no contexto doméstico. Serviços de saúde que atendem a população adolescente precisaram reorientar as práticas de cuidado, adotando o modelo virtual em substituição ao cuidado presencial, e mesmo as pesquisas precisaram ser repensadas. Esta scoping review abordou um tema emergente em relação a uma população pouco considerada nos estudos sobre a COVID-19. Os resultados sugerem que a situação de pandemia pode ser considerada um determinante que afeta diferentes dimensões da vida dos adolescentes.

ABSTRACT Objectives: to characterize and analyze the experiences of families involved in domestic violence against children and adolescents, based on the Paradigm of Complexity. Methods: qualitative research, in which data of 15 families was collected through documentary research, open interviews and field diary. The data were analyzed through thematic analysis. Results: two categories “I don’t have it” and “I didn’t have it” emerged, revealing the historicity that marks the violence experienced in the present. They include social vulnerability, maternal burden, associated with urban violence to which families are exposed. At the same time, stories of violence by the intimate partner, as well as intergenerational violence and drug abuse have impacted the current moment. Final Considerations: nursing can contribute to attribute new meaning to violent stories woven by families, as well as to the interdisciplinary construction of perspectives and interventions that consider the multiple violence and adversities to which such a population is exposed.

Abstract Objective: To analyze adolescents’ perceptions about intimate violence from the perspective of the Complexity Paradigm. Method: A qualitative approach configured as strategic social study. The study participants were adolescents between 15 and 18 years old, attending high school in two public schools in a city in the interior of São Paulo State, Brazil. Data collection was performed through a focus group and a semi-structured interview as a complement. Data analysis was based on the dialogical, organizational and holographic principles of the Complex Paradigm. Results: The study included 39 adolescents (14 males and 25 females). Through the emerging categories, it was noticed that intimate violence occurs through dialogical affection-jealousy/control by a naturalization of violent acts which permeates gender, cultural and social issues, and by technology as preponderant for intimate violence among adolescents, denoting new forms of control and coercion. Conclusion: The study introduces aspects present in intimate violence among adolescents, presenting them in an articulate and interdependent way. These aspects constitute a relevant contribution to the actions of health professionals.

O presente estudo buscou identificar aspectos do desengajamento moral relacionados ao bullying homofóbico vivenciado na infância e/ou adolescência de estudantes universitários. Por meio de uma pesquisa qualitativa foram entrevistados 14 universitários de uma cidade do interior do estado de São Paulo que se autodeclararam gays ou lésbicas. O grupo de participantes foi constituído por meio da técnica snowball sampling. Um roteiro com questões norteadoras explorou a percepção dos participantes sobre os mecanismos do desengajamento moral como motivadores para experiencias do bullying homofóbico sofridos durante o ensino fundamental e médio. Os dados da pesquisa foram analisados por meio da análise de conteúdo, modalidade temática. Os resultados obtidos nessa pesquisa apontaram que os agressores estavam desengajados moralmente e culpabilizam as vítimas para se sentirem melhor, justificando moralmente seus comportamentos. Este estudo aponta que intervenções antibullying deve considerar a disseminação de conteúdos sobre valores humanos, respeito à diversidade e a gravidade do comportamento agressivo de crianças e adolescentes.

Abstract The situation of social vulnerability hinders the integration processes and thus can foster problems in interpersonal interactions in school. This study aimed to analyze the sociometric status and its relationships with sex, age and profiles of bullying participation in children and adolescents in situations of social vulnerability. A total of 409 students between the third and seventh grades of two public elementary schools in Florianópolis-SC participated in this study. The positive status was higher for boys (M = 11.07; SD = 8.52) and adolescents (M = 11.46; SD = 8.19) compared to girls (M = 8.55; SD = 5.60) and children (M = 8.83; SD = 6.56). The aggressors’ positive status was higher, with significant difference, compared to victims and non-participants of bullying (p = 0.008). In the context of bullying, aggressors’ high status can collaborate to their use of violence in conflict resolution or to gain peer popularity.

ABSTRACT Objective: to assess the effects of an intervention based on the Theater of the Oppressed in reducing school bullying. Method: a quasi-experimental study with 232 first-year high school students from two public schools in the city of Cuiabá, Mato Grosso State, Brazil. An intervention was performed with the Theater of the Oppressed, a theatrical methodology created by Augusto Boal and inspired by Paulo Freire’s “Pedagogy of the Oppressed”, in which one school composed the intervention group, and another school, the comparison group. Both groups were assessed for involvement in bullying situations before and after intervention. For data analysis, Poisson Regression models with random effect were used. Results: intervention group presented a significant decrease in direct victimization (physical and verbal aggression). Conclusion: the Theater of the Oppressed represents an important strategy in reducing bullying victimization among school adolescents.

Este texto tem por objetivo refletir sobre a escrita da história e a historiografia sobre as sexualidades. Em um momento de delicadas mudanças para a comunidade LGBTI+, esta reflexão nos possibilita estabelecer as bases nas quais historiadoras/es tem se aportado para inscrever as sexo-dissidências na história. Para tal análise, dividimos este texto em duas partes. A primeira estabeleceu a articulação entre os estudos sobre gênero, e masculinidades. E por último uma reflexão basilar sobre os conceitos do campo.

Abstract This study aimed to test the school control model, inherent to the Social and Personal Control Theory, verifying which context variables and mechanisms would distinguish offender adolescents from non-offenders adolescents, aiming to understand their school experience. Sixty male adolescents (15 school-dropouts-offenders/15 student-offenders, 15 school-dropouts-non-offenders/15 students-non-offenders), aged 14 to 18 participated (M=16,6; SD=0,78). All responded a scale formulated in the light of the theoretical framework. Data were analyzed by the Kruskall-Wallis test, with Dunn post-test. The results showed that everyone would be to some extent vulnerable to negative school-experience, depending on the context variables, and also indicated that “performance” and “school-bond” would be more associated with school-dropout, while “school constraints” with involvement in infractions. The identification of these problematic aspects in the schooling of the offender adolescents helps to think about the interventions, in the socio-educational accompaniment, aiming at an adequate (re)insertion in the school.

A boa convivência entre os estudantes no ambiente escolar representa um desafio. Como na escola o pluralismo da sociedade é refletido, as diferenças pessoais, étnicas/culturais e econômicas podem originar conflitos e violência. A violência entre pares, intencional, repetitiva, que envolve desequilíbrio de poder, é denominada bullying. A escola é o local principal de expressão desta problemática que, no Brasil, ocorre com maior frequência nas salas de aula. O bullying afeta negativamente o clima escolar e o desenvolvimento de todos os envolvidos - agressor, vítima e espectadores. Embora o nível de conhecimento dos professores sobre o bullying varie em termos de abrangência e de profundidade, este não é, de modo geral, suficiente para que identifiquem ou para que sejam sensíveis a todas as agressões em sala de aula. Dentro disso, as intervenções que realizam tendem a ser pontuais e desarticuladas. Para muitos professores e outros agentes escolares prevalece a crença de que o bullying é “brincadeira” de crianças/adolescentes e de que as suas consequências não são muito graves. Assim, denota-se a importância de formação do professor, de modo a incrementar não somente seu conhecimento sobre o tema, mas, principalmente, sua sensibilidade e sua competência para intervir no problema, contribuindo assim para que o clima escolar seja menos violento e excludente. Esse é o foco deste ensaio teórico.

Resumo Objetivo: identificar a prática de bullying referida por estudantes brasileiros, segundo o sexo, a idade e a localização geográfica. Métodos: estudo transversal, estruturado em duas amostras nacionais da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar (PeNSE) de 2015; participaram do estudo 102.301 estudantes, amostra nacionalmente representativa; a coleta de dados ocorreu mediante questionário autoaplicável. Resultados: a prevalência de prática de bullying foi de 19,8% (IC95% - 19,2;20,3), com maior ocorrência na região Sudeste do país (22,2% - IC95% 21,1;23,4) e no estado de São Paulo (24,2% - IC95% 22,3;26,2), embora a cidade com maior prevalência tenha sido Boa Vista (25,5% - IC95% 22,9;28,1), capital do estado de Roraima; meninos (24,2% - IC95% 23,4;25,0) praticaram mais bullying que meninas (15,6% - IC95% 14,9;16,2), assim como os estudantes mais jovens, de 13 a 15 anos (22,0% - IC95% 20,4;23,6). Conclusão: observou-se maior prática referida de bullying por adolescentes da região Sudeste, indivíduos do sexo masculino, e entre os mais jovens.

This study aims to investigate the associations between bullying and moral disengagement in a Brazilian sample, using a mixed method design. Two-thousand three hundred and thirty-four adolescents (11–19 years; 42.9% girls) answered self-report measures on bullying and moral disengagement in response to bullying situations. Fifty-five participants were randomly selected and interviewed on their experiences on bullying at school. Results allowed to identify specific mechanisms of moral disengagement associated with bullying behavior among Brazilian adolescents. Qualitative analysis highlighted how moral disengagement mechanisms were spontaneously used by the adolescents to explain both the bullying and the bystander behaviors. Findings support the relevance of moral disengagement mechanisms in explaining bullying behaviors. The value of addressing these mechanisms when designing anti-bullying interventions is discussed.

This study aims to evaluate the effects of camu-camu powder (CCP), Amazonian berry fruit with documented bioactive properties, physicochemical meat parameters, and the growth kinetics parameters of S. enterica ser. Typhimurium, psychrotrophic bacteria (PSY), and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in vacuum-packed ground beef. Batches of ground beef were mixed with 0.0%, 2.0%, 3.5%, and 5.0% CCP (w/w), vacuum-packed as 10 g portions, and stored at 5 °C for 16 days. Centesimal composition analyses (only on the initial day), pH, TBARS, and color were quantified on storage days 1, 7, and 15, while PSY and LAB were counted on days 0, 3, 6, 9, 13, and 16. Another experiment was conducted with the same camu-camu doses by inoculating S. enterica ser. Typhimurium microbial kinetic curves were modeled by the Huang growth and Weibull decay models. CCP decreased TBARS in beef from 0.477 to 0.189 mg MDA·kg−1. No significant differences in meat pH between treated and control samples were observed on day 15. CCP addition caused color changes, with color a* value decreases (from 14.45 to 13.44) and color b* value increases (from 17.41 to 21.25), while color L* was not affected. Higher CCP doses caused progressive LAB growth inhibition from 0.596 to 0.349 log CFU·day−1 at 2.0% and 5.0% CCP, respectively. Similarly, PSY growth rates in the treated group were lower (0.79–0.91 log CFU·day−1) compared to the control (1.21 log CFU·day−1). CCP addition at any of the investigated doses produced a steeper S. enterica ser. Typhimurium inactivation during the first cold storage day, represented by Weibull’s concavity α shape parameter, ranged from 0.37 to 0.51, in contrast to 1.24 for the control. At the end of the experiment, however, S. enterica ser. Typhimurium counts in beef containing CCP were not significantly different (p < 0.05) from the control. Although CCP affects bacterial kinetics, it does not protect ground beef against spoilage bacteria and Salmonella to the same degree it does against lipid peroxidation.

Abstract Students strongly bonded to the educational institution are more motivated to study and less likely to present behavioral problems and/or juvenile delinquency. This study's objective was to verify the existence of variations in school bonding among different groups of adolescents and identify the most problematic aspects among adolescents in conflict with the law from the perspective of Marc LeBlanc's Social and Personal Control Theory of Deviant Behavior. The 60 adolescents participating in the study responded to the Portuguese version of the School Scale, part of the Measuring Adolescent Social and Personal Adaptation Scale. The results reveal that the level of school bonding differentiated the groups, showing that offenders who dropped out of school obtained the worst indicators of school bonding when considering investment and commitment levels, as well as attachment to teachers.

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVES: To estimate the prevalence of bullying among Brazilian students from the aggressor's perspective and to analyze its association with individual and contextual variables. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional population-based study carried out with data from the National Survey on Student Health. A total of 109,104 students attending eight grade in public and private schools were included. Data were collected through a self-applied questionnaire. A model of association between bullying and variables in the following domains was tested: sociodemographics, risk behaviors, mental health, and family context. Univariate and multivariate analyses were also performed. RESULTS: The prevalence of aggressors in bullying situations was 20.8%. The following variables remained associated in the final multivariate model: male gender (OR: 1.87; 95% CI: 1.79-1.94), lower participation of 16-year-old students (OR: 0.66; 95% CI: 0.53-0.82), and students from private schools (OR: 1.33; 95% CI: 1.27-1.39). Most aggressors reported feeling lonely (OR: 1.22; 95% CI: 1.16-1.28), insomnia episodes (OR: 1.21; 95% CI: 1.14-1.29), and a high prevalence of physical violence in the family (OR: 1.97 95% CI: 1.87-2.08). Aggressors missed classes more frequently (OR: 1.45; 95% CI: 1.40-1.51), and they regularly consumed more tobacco (OR: 1.21; 95% CI: 1.12-1.31), alcohol (OR: 1.85; 95% CI: 1.77-1.92), and illegal drugs (OR: 1.91; 95% CI: 1.79-2.04); they also demonstrated increased sexual intercourse (OR: 1.49 95% CI: 1.43-1.55) and regular exercise (OR: 1.20; 95% CI: 1.16-1.25). CONCLUSIONS: The data indicate that bullying is an important aspect that affects the learning-teaching process and the students' health.

Objetivou-se conhecer e mapear a produção científica que evidencia relações entre o contexto familiar e o envolvimento em situações de bullying escolar, por meio de uma revisão sistemática da literatura. Foram consultadas as bases de dados Lilacs, Web of Science e a biblioteca Scielo. A busca resultou em 54 artigos publicados em português, inglês e espanhol, entre 2008 e 2013, e a análise dos dados permitiu a identificação de sete categorias analíticas: 1) características estruturais; 2) práticas parentais; 3) estilos parentais; 4) clima familiar; 5) sentimentos dos pais em relação aos filhos; 6) saúde mental dos pais; e 7) violências. Constatou-se um predomínio de publicações internacionais e de estudos quantitativos e, no conjunto, verificou-se que algumas características e aspectos familiares estavam associados ao envolvimento de estudantes em situações de bullying. O estudo amplia o olhar interpretativo sobre o fenômeno e suas complexidades com uma abordagem contextual, indicando caminhos para novas pesquisas.

Este estudio cualitativo tuvo por objetivo identificar el conocimiento que tienen los profesores de 6º año de enseñanza primaria sobre el bullying y las interven-ciones desarrolladas por ellos. Participaron diez profesores y los datos fueron colecta-dos a través de cuestionarios estructurados. Los análisis siguieron las bases del análisis de contenido en su modalidad temática. En los resultados se comprobó una compren-sión insuficiente de los profesores que se enfocaban en la capacidad de identificación y en la manera como intervenían en los episodios de bullying entre los alumnos. Se dedu-ce que el bullying constituye un aspecto importante para ser trabajado junto a los pro-fesores, considerando la proximidad con la cuestión y el rol esencial que pueden asumir al enfrentarlo.

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo estimar la prevalencia del acoso escolar y identificar las emociones de los estudiantes involucrados em su violencia. Se trata de un estudio descriptivo transversal, desarrollado con 232 estudiantes del sexto al noveno año de la escuela primaria en una escuela pública. Entre los resultados, la participación de los estudiantes en intimidación fue de 39,6%, 22,2% eran víctimas y 17,4% eran agresores. La ira es la emoción predominante experimentada por las víctimas. En cuanto a los autores, la mayoría informó que no sintió emociones mientras que la agresión hacia sus compañeros. La alta prevalencia del acoso escolar, sus características y las consecuencias negativas que conlleva lo tiene configurarlo en un problema de salud pública. El estudio apunta a la importancia de identificar las emociones asociadas a la ocurrencia de acoso escolar, aún no exploradas tema que puede ayudar en la construcción de la salud integral de la escuela.

Objective: To understand school bullying from the perspective of teachers and reflect about the possible actions of the health area when coping with it. The guidelines of the School Health Program of the Ministries of Health and Education were used to reach that purpose. Method: A qualitative study carried out with teachers of a public school in Minas Gerais. Focus groups were used to collect data and the empirical material was decoded from thematic analysis of content, resulting in an analytical category: conceptions and experiences of teachers on bullying. Results: Specific perceptions about the phenomenon and the use of ineffective intervention resources were identified. In the interpretive plan were problematized the health and nursing contributions with resizing the interventions and the continuing training process of teachers. Conclusion: The results point to the construction of intersectoral practices for coping with bullying.

O objetivo do presente estudo foi descrever o percurso e caracterizar as trajetórias escolares de adolescentes em conflito com a lei no tocante às suas experiências educacionais. Participaram seis adolescentes em cumprimento de Medida Socioeducativa e seus respectivos responsáveis. Coletaram-se informações em 22 estabelecimentos educacionais frequentados pelos mesmos, desde o início de suas vidas escolares, em complementação às entrevistas semiestruturadas realizadas. A análise qualitativa indicou a existência de dois padrões de trajetórias de escolarização, sendo um marcado pela descontinuidade na qualidade das vivências escolares, com um período inicial positivo, que torna-se negativo em seguida; e outro, cuja marca é a continuidade preponderantemente negativa da experiência, desde o início. Implicações dessas trajetórias ao surgimento e manutenção de conduta infracional são discutidas.

This study's objective was to verify whether 6th grade teachers identify and how they intervene in bullying situations occurring in the classroom. Data were collected through a questionnaire along with the critical incident technique and interpreted through content analysis. The results indicate that the participants had a fragmented understanding of the phenomenon and a lack of knowledge affected their ability to identify and intervene in students' aggressions. Additionally, interventions were generally restricted to the classroom or consisted of forwarding the situation to the school's administration, indicating the need for a school project to fight violence and the establishment of cooperative actions among professionals. In this context, qualifying schools and teachers are essential to enable them to identify and properly intervene in bullying situations within the school environment.

OBJETIVO: Verificar as variáveis de distribuição da pressão plantar de pacientes submetidos a tratamento cirúrgico de fratura de calcâneo e correlacioná-las com duas diferentes vias de acesso cirúrgico. Métodos: Os autores estudaram 15 pacientes com idade entre 20 e 53 anos (média de 40,06 anos) que apresentaram fraturas intra-articulares do calcâneo, submetidos ao tratamento cirúrgico por duas vias de acesso cirúrgico, a via lateral e a via do seio do tarso. Avaliaram a distribuição da pressão plantar, correlacionando essas variáveis com as duas vias de acesso. A avaliação da distribuição da pressão plantar foi rea-lizada através do sistema Pedar (Novel, GmbH, Munique, Alemanha), verificando o pico máximo de pressão do retropé e do antepé do lado fraturado e do lado normal. RESULTADOS: A média das pressões máximas dos plantigramas do retropé dos pés operados pela via de acesso lateral e pela via curta não apresentou diferença estatística entre as duas vias de acesso (t = 0,11; p = 0,91), bem como a média das pressões máximas dos plantigramas do antepé também não mostrou diferença estatística significativa (t = -0,48; p = 0,64). CONCLUSÃO: Os autores concluíram que não houve diferença estatística entre as médias dos picos máximos de pressão do retropé e do antepé do lado operado, comparados com o lado normal, bem como não houve diferença estatística dessas variáveis comparadas com a via de acesso cirúrgico utilizada.OBJECTIVE: Verify the variables of plantar pressure distribution of patients submitted to surgical procedure for calcaneal fracture, and correlate them with two different surgical approaches. Method: The authors studied 15 patients between 20 and 53 years of age (average 40.06 yrs.) who had intra-joint calcaneal fractures, submitted to surgical treatment by means of two different approaches: the lateral and the sinus tarsi. The authors checked the plantar pressure distribution by correlating these variables with the two different surgical approaches. The plantar pressure distribution was assessed using the Pedar System (Novel, Gmbh, Munich, Germany), by checking the maximum peak of the hindfoot and forefoot pressure on the affected and the normal sides. RESULTS: the mean maximum pressure of the hindfoot plantigram in both approaches showed no statistical difference (t=0.11; p=0.91), as well as the mean maximum pressure of the forefoot plantigram (t=-0,48; p=0,64). CONCLUSION: The authors have concluded that there were no significant statistical differences between the average maximum peak of the hindfoot and forefoot pressure on the affected side as compared to the normal side, and these variables have showed no differences when compared to the surgical approach used.

Our objective was to identify and analyze emotions generated in students involved in bullying situations as aggressors. This is a cross-sectional descriptive study, conducted with 232 students from the sixth to ninth year of middle school, who answered a self-reported questionnaire. We analyzed the data with the Statistical Analysis Software, through descriptive statistics and Fisher’s exact test. Of all students, 17.4% were identified as aggressors. Not feeling any emotion after practicing aggression against friends was prevalent for boys (36.7%) and girls (25.0%). Boys demonstrated to feel anger (26.7%) and sadness (23.3%) in smaller proportions, while girls also demonstrated to feel guilt (25.0%), sadness (16.7%) and shame (8.3%). The study indicates investigated aggressors presenting emotions that do not compete to comprehend negative effects of the practiced violence, as well as it does not collaborate to interrupt aggressions.

RESUMO Objetivo Analisar a qualidade das interações familiares de adolescentes e o envolvimento em situações de bullying escolar. Métodos Estudo transversal de base populacional que contou com a participação de 2.354 estudantes (meninas = 50,7%; idade média M = 14,5 anos, DP = 2,0 anos) do ensino fundamental e médio, de 11 escolas públicas de uma cidade do interior de Minas Gerais. A amostra do estudo foi definida pela seleção de estratos (escolas), utilizando o método Probability Proportional to Size. A coleta de dados ocorreu por meio da aplicação coletiva de duas escalas, sendo uma para identificar comportamentos de bullying/vitimização e outra para aferir a qualidade das interações familiares dos adolescentes. Os procedimentos de análise incluíram: análise estatística descritiva, análise de variância (ANOVA) e regressão logística. Resultados O estudo identificou uma prevalência de 10,3% de estudantes agressores, 10,1% de vítimas e 5,4% de vítimas-agressoras na amostra. Verificou-se que os estudantes não envolvidos em situações de bullying possuíam melhores interações familiares quando comparados com os estudantes identificados como agressores, vítimas e vítimas-agressoras. Efeitos do aspecto “regras e monitoria” (OR: 1,21; p = 0,001) no contexto familiar foram identificados como protetivo para o bullying ou a vitimização. Os aspectos “punição física” (OR: 0,84; p = 0,001) e “comunicação negativa” (OR: 0,53; p = 0,001) foram associados a maior possibilidade de bullying ou vitimização entre os estudantes. Conclusões Confirmou-se que a qualidade das interações familiares influencia no envolvimento dos estudantes em situações de bullying. Implicações para a área da saúde foram discutidas a partir de indicadores de risco e proteção identificados.

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the experiences of gay and lesbian adolescents and young people in the process of revealing sexual orientation to their families. Method: A qualitative study carried out in a city in the state of São Paulo. Twelve gay and lesbian adolescents and youngsters participated. For the data collection, the semi-structured interview was used and data analysis was performed using the method of interpretation of the senses. Results: The family reactions in the process of “coming out of the closet” of the participants were violent, with persecution and even expulsion from home, in addition to the repression of expressions of homoerotic experiences, which impacted on their health and quality of life. Final considerations: The family is an essential component of the support network, but also a space that can generate and reproduce forms of violence in the name of heteronormativity. Health services should develop care practices and care for the family and adolescent and homosexual youth victim of violence.

ABSTRACT Objective: to verify if the improvement of social and emotional skills reduces bullying victimization in 6th grade students 12 months after the end of the intervention. Method: Quasi-experimental study with 78 students who were bullying victims. A cognitive behavioral intervention based on social skills was conducted with the intervention group. The eight sessions addressed politeness, making friendships, self-control, emotional expressiveness, empathy, assertiveness and solution of interpersonal problems. Data were analyzed using Poisson regression with random effect. Results: Quasi-experimental study with 78 students who were bullying victims. A cognitive behavioral intervention based on social skills was conducted with the intervention group. The eight sessions addressed politeness, making friendships, self-control, emotional expressiveness, empathy, assertiveness and solution of interpersonal problems. Data were analyzed using Poisson regression with random effect. Conclusion: Social skills are important in anti-bullying interventions and can be the basis for intersectoral interventions in the health area, aimed at favoring the empowerment of victims by improving their social interactions and quality of life in school.

RESUMO O presente estudo consiste de uma revisão sistemática de estudos longitudinais que investigaram a associação entre bullying escolar e conduta infracional na adolescência e criminosa na idade adulta. Realizou-se uma busca bibliográfica em cinco bases de dados internacionais (ERIC, LILACS, Scopus, PsycINFO e Web of Science) e uma biblioteca eletrônica nacional (Scielo). Foram selecionados 13 estudos que atenderam aos critérios de inclusão. A maioria dos trabalhos encontrou associação estatisticamente significativa entre bullying e cometimento de atos contrários à lei por adolescentes e adultos. Em alguns deles, a associação permaneceu significativa após o controle de outros fatores de risco na infância, sinalizando, assim, ser o bullying um fator de risco independente. Isso reforça a necessidade de se prevenir e enfrentar precocemente o bullying escolar.

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze a professor training experience for higher education. Method: This is a descriptive case report on the professor training process in the postgraduate course of the College of Nursing of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo. An evaluative activity was performed to capture the perceptions and experiences of 21 graduate students who were interns of an educational improvement program. The data were analyzed following the thematic content analysis guidelines. Results: Three thematic categories were identified: 1) knowledge necessary for teaching practice; 2) teaching routines and practices; 3) the essentiality of mentoring. Final considerations: This article provides a critical approach on the formative process of human resources for higher education in health, identifying potentials and challenges. Its innovative character resides in understanding pedagogical work articulated with graduate research training.

Abstract This study’s objective was to assess the social skills, peer acceptance, and friendship among students involved in bullying situations transitioning from elementary to middle school. A total of 408 6th grade students from six public schools in the interior of São Paulo, Brazil composed the sample; 54.9% of whom were aged 11.3 years on average (Standard Deviation = 0.6). Data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance and Spearman’s correlation. In regard to social skills, bully-victims present a greater amount of passive and active responses when compared to victims, bullies, and not involved students. Only male bully-victims, however, experienced significantly more frequent rejection by peers, while female bully-victims had significantly fewer friends. The results indicate the need to develop interventions intended to prevent and decrease bullying in the period of school transition. Such interventions should, however, be gender-sensitive because of differences existing between boys and girls.

ABSTRACT: In this study, the kinetic parameters of mesophilic, psychrotrophic and lactic acid bacteria in vacuum-packed beef at 1 °C and 4 °C were estimated from experimental growth curves produced by samples stored during 21 and 60 days, respectively. In a separate experiment, the survival of multidrug resistant (MDR) Salmonella enterica O:4,5 at 1°C was also characterized. The shelf-life of vacuum-packed beef stored at 4 °C was estimated at 16.1 days (95% CI: 14.8 - 17.3 days), whereas at 1 °C it was longer than 21 days because the mesophiles count estimated towards the end of the experiment was 12.5 ln CFU.g-1 (95% CI: 11.8 - 13.3 ln CFU.g-1) which is lower than the shelf-life reference value. At 1 °C, inoculated Salmonella was reduced in 6.61 ln CFU.g-1 (2.87 log CFU.g-1). These results demonstrated the importance of establishing in legislation, especially in Brazil, standard values of deteriorating microorganisms in beef for maintaining product quality.

Resumo Sucessivas ondas de pandemias podem impactar a saúde mental dos profissionais da saúde. Nesse sentido, este estudo objetivou apresentar evidências científicas sobre fatores associados ao impacto ocupacional e psicológico provocado por elas sobre os profissionais da saúde. Após realizada uma revisão integrativa da literatura com buscas em cinco bases de dados, nove artigos foram incluídos neste estudo. O principal impacto explorado nos artigos é que as situações de pandemias guardam relação com quadros de estresse, ansiedade, insônia e sintomatologia depressiva nos profissionais que estão na linha de frente do cuidado. As condições de trabalho e as próprias características dos sucessivos fluxos globais de pandemias revelam desafios de pesquisas de ordem conceitual e empírica. Novos processos institucionais são necessários para otimizar benefícios em termos de saúde mental e prover o enfrentamento das situações-problema. Aprender com as ondas anteriores de pandemias é um passo importante na definição de uma agenda para futuras pesquisas.