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El Eucalyptus urophylla es endémico de las islas de Indonesia y otras islas cercanas como Timor, Flores, Adonara, Lomblen, Alor, Wetar y Pantar. Es considerada una especie importante para plantaciones con fines industriales; por esto, tuvo gran dispersión en Brasil, Venezuela y Colombia. En el caso de Venezuela se establecieron ensayos que fueron utilizados como bancos de fuentes semilleros establecidos en el año de 1990, que posteriormente fueron introducidas en Guatemala, y dieron lugar a las primeras plantaciones por la compañía Plantaciones Forestales de Guatemala (PLANFORGUA), en el año de 2008. Debido a las condiciones edafoclimáticas, las plantaciones de E. urophylla en Guatemala constituyen una población con comportamientos y fenología diferentes a las condiciones encontradas en Brasil, por lo que se adaptaron a las condiciones de altitud, temperatura y precipitación en la finca Monterrey localizada en la Ciudad de Guatemala y en los bosques secos en la finca “Los Cocos” de Zacapa. El objetivo del estudio fue realizar un reporte de la descripción técnica científica del género E. urophylla S.T. Blake procedencia Monterrey y Zacapa en Guatemala por medio de investigación de campo descriptiva no experimental apoyada en la documental. Palabras clave: Eucalipto, procedencia, bancos de semillas, Zacapa y Monterrey.

Forgetting - or variable elimination - is an operation that allows the removal, from a knowledge base, of middle variables no longer deemed relevant. In recent years, many different approaches for forgetting in Answer Set Programming have been proposed, in the form of specific operators, or classes of such operators, commonly following different principles and obeying different properties. Each such approach was developed to address some particular view on forgetting, aimed at obeying a specific set of properties deemed desirable in such view, but a comprehensive and uniform overview of all the existing operators and properties is missing. In this paper, we thoroughly examine existing properties and (classes of) operators for forgetting in Answer Set Programming, drawing a complete picture of the landscape of these classes of forgetting operators, which includes many novel results on relations between properties and operators, including considerations on concrete operators to compute results of forgetting and computational complexity. Our goal is to provide guidance to help users in choosing the operator most adequate for their application requirements., Under consideration in Theory and Practice of Logic Programming (TPLP)

Background The ratio of the antiangiogenic factor, soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 (sFlt-1), to the proangiogenic factor, placental growth factor (PlGF), is associated with increased risk of preeclampsia. Here, we describe an analytical evaluation of the Elecsys sFlt-1 and PlGF assays at the first North American site in which they were clinically implemented. Methods The analytical evaluation included short- and long-term imprecision, method comparison, accuracy, linearity, sample stability, limit of quantification verification, and measurement uncertainty. Quality indicators were also evaluated, including turnaround time and repeat test frequency. Results Short-term (13-day) and long-term (12-month) imprecision for sFlt-1 and PlGF were 0.99 and bias 38, >85, and >110) exhibited negative percent agreement and positive percent agreement of 100%, respectively (n = 40). During the first 12 months, 257 orders were placed, repeat test frequency was 17.5%, mean time between repeat orders was 23 days, and 72.0% of results were reported within 2 h from sample receipt when quality control was run continuously. Conclusions We describe analytical performance parameters and quality indicators of the Elecsys sFlt-1 and PlGF assays, which was the first North American clinical laboratory site to implement these assays in support of the institution’s high-risk obstetrical unit.

Agent organizations can be seen as a set of entities regulated by mechanisms of social order and created by more or less autonomous actors to achieve common goals. Just like agents, organizations should also be able to adapt themselves to changing environments. In order to develop a theory on how this reorganization should be performed we need a formal framework in which organizations, organizational performance and the reorganization itself can be described. In this paper, we present a formal description of reorganization actions in LAO (Logic for Agent Organization). We show how this formalization can support the preservation of some nice properties of organizations while it can also be used to reason about which reorganization is needed to achieve some basic organizational properties.

Se presenta un listado de especies vegetales vasculares de diferentes ecosistemas de la finca San Carlos, en el estado Cojedes, Venezuela. La recolección botánica se realizó siguiendo el proceso tradicional de herborización y utilizando el sistema de clasificación APG III. Un total de 37 familias fueron registradas, pertenecientes a las dicotiledóneas y a las monocotiledóneas, las cuales incluyen 97 y 3 especies respectivamente. las familias más representativas fueron: Fabaceae con 19 géneros y 27 especies y malvaceae con 9 géneros e igual número de especies. los géneros más representativos fueron: Senna con 5 especies, Albizia, Byrsonima, Cordia y Solanum con 3 especies. Se señalan 17 nuevos registros para la flora del estado cojedes. A list of vascular plant species from different ecosystems of the San Carlos farm, in Cojedes State of Venezuela is presented. the botanical collection was performed following the traditional process of herborization and using the apg III classification system. A total of 37 families were registered, belonging to dicotyledons and to monocots, which include 97 and 3 species respectively. the most representative families were: Fabaceae with 19 genera and 27 species and malvaceae with 9 genera and equal number of species. the most representative genera were: Senna with 5 species, Albizia, Byrsonima, Cordia and Solanum with 3 species. 17 new records for the flora of Cojedes state are reported. 106 - 121 carlosalvarez@ula.ve joao.leite@paveca.com.ve Anual

High quality bilingual dictionaries are rarely available for lower-density language pairs, especially for those that are closely related. Using a third language as a pivot to link two other languages is a well-known solution, and usually requires only two input bilingual dictionaries to automatically induce the new one. This approach, however, produces many incorrect translation pairs because the dictionary entries are normally are not transitive due to polysemy and the ambiguous words in the pivot language. Utilizing the complete structures of the input bilingual dictionaries positively influences the result since dropped meanings can be countered. Moreover, an additional input dictionary may provide more complete information for calculating the semantic distance between word senses which is key to suppressing wrong sense matches. This paper proposes an extended constraint optimization model to inducing new dictionaries of closely related languages from multiple input dictionaries, and its formalization based on Integer Linear Programming. Evaluations indicated that the proposal not only outperforms the baseline method, but also shows improvements in performance and scalability as more dictionaries are utilized.

This book constitutes the proceedings of the 14th European Conference on Logics in Artificial Intelligence, JELIA 2014, held in Funchal, Madeira, Portugal, in September 2014. The 35 full papers and 14 short papers included in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 121 submissions. They are organized in topical sections named: description logics; automated reasoning; logics for uncertain reasoning; non-classical logics; answer-set programming; belief revision; dealing with inconsistency in ASP and DL; reason about actions and causality; system descriptions; short system descriptions; and short papers. The book also contains 4 full paper invited talks.

Background: Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) is frequent in the acute phase of stroke. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has been found in 62% of stroke patients. The impact of OSA is significant after ischemic stroke, including early neurological deterioration, poor functional outcome and increased long-term mortality. However, performing polysomnography (PSG) for all patients with acute stroke for diagnose OSA is still impracticable. Therefore clinical tools to select patients at higher risk for OSA would be essential. The aim of this study was to determine the validity of the Berlin Questionnaire (BQ) and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) to identify stroke patients in whom the PSG would be indicated. Methods: Subjects with ischemic stroke were stratified into high and low risk groups for SDB using a BQ. The ESS ≥ 10 was used to define excessive daytime sleepiness. The BQ and ESS were administered to the relatives of stroke patients at hospital admission. All patients were submitted to a full overnight PSG at the first night after symptoms onset. OSA severity was measured by the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI). Results: We prospectively studied 40 ischemic stroke patients. The mean age was 62 ± 12.1 years and the obstructive sleep apnea (AHI ≥ 15) was present in 67.5%. On stratifying risk of OSA in these patients based on the QB, 77.5% belonged to the high-risk and 50% to the ESS ≥ 10. The sensitivity of QB was 85%, the specificity 35%, the positive predictive value 74% and the negative predictive value 55%. For ESS was respectively 63%, 85%, 89% and 52%. The diagnostic value of the BQ and ESS in combination to predict OSA had a sensitivity of 58%, a specificity of 89%, a positive predictive value of 95% and a negative predictive value of 38%. Conclusions: The QB even applied to the bed-partners of stroke patients is a useful screening tool for OSA.

The big proliferation of mobile communication systems has caused an increased concern about the interaction between the human body and the antennas of mobile handsets. In order to study the problem, a multiband antenna was designed, fabricated and measured to operate over two frequency sub bands 900 and 1800 MHz. After that, we simulated the same antenna, but now, in the presence of a human head model to analyze the head's influence. First, the influence of the human head on the radiation efficiency of the antenna has been investigated as a function of the distance between the head and the antenna and with the inclination of the antenna. Furthermore, the relative amount of the electromagnetic power absorbed in the head has been obtained.

Since the introduction of logic program updates based on causal rejection of rules, several different semantics were set forth. All these semantics were introduced with the same underlying motivation i.e., to overcome the drawbacks of interpretation based updates by applying the principle of inertia to program rules, but they were all defined for different classes of logic programs thus making their comparisons difficult. In this paper we redefine such existing semantics, and set forth a new one, all in the more general setting of Generalized Logic Programs, in a way that facilitates their comparisons. Subsequently, we take a closer look at the subtle differences between these otherwise similar approaches.