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Human amniotic transplantation has been proposed to improve the therapeutic efficacy of intrauterine adhesions (IUAs). Human amniotic mesenchymal stem stromal cells (hAMSCs) can differentiate into multiple tissue types. This study aimed to investigate the mechanism by which hAMSCs transplantation promotes endometrial regeneration. The rat models with IUA were established through mechanical and infective methods, and PKH26-labeled hAMSCs were transplanted through the tail vein (combined with/without estrogen). Under three different conditions, hAMSCs differentiated into endometrium-like cells. HE and Mason staining assays, and immunohistochemistry were used to compare the changes in rat models treated with hAMSCs and/or estrogen transplantation. To define the induction of hAMSCs to endometrium-like cells in vitro, an induction medium (cytokines, estrogen) was used to investigate the differentiation of hAMSCs into endometrium-like cells. qRT-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and western blotting were performed to detect the differentiation of hAMSCs into endometrium-like cells. A greater number of glands, fewer endometrial fibrotic areas, and stronger expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and cytokeratin in the combined group (hAMSCs transplantation combined with estrogen) than in the other treatment groups were observed. hAMSCs could be induced into endometrium-like cells by cytokine treatment (TGF-β1, EGF, and PDGF-BB). Transplantation of hAMSCs is an effective alternative for endometrial regeneration after injury in rats. The differentiation protocol for hAMSCs will be useful for further studies on human endometrial regeneration.

Glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIOP) is a musculoskeletal disease with increased fracture risk caused by long-term application of glucocorticoid, but there exist few effective interventions. Zuogui Pill (ZGP) has achieved clinical improvement for GIOP as an ancient classical formula, but its molecular mechanisms remain unclear due to scanty relevant studies. This study aimed to excavate the effective compounds and underlying mechanism of ZGP in treating GIOP and construct relative ceRNA network by using integrated analysis of bioinformatics analysis and experimental validation. Results show that ZNF702P is significantly upregulated in GIOP than normal cases based on gene chip sequencing analysis. Totally, 102 ingredients and 535 targets of ZGP as well as 480 GIOP-related targets were selected, including 122 common targets and 8 intersection targets with the predicted mRNAs. The ceRNA network contains one lncRNA (ZNF702P), 6 miRNAs, and 8 mRNAs. Four hub targets including JUN, CCND1, MAPK1, and MAPK14 were identified in the PPI network. Six ceRNA interaction axes including ZNF702P-hsa-miR-429-JUN, ZNF702P-hsa-miR-17-5p/hsa-miR-20b-5p-CCND1, ZNF702P-hsa-miR-17-5p/hsa-miR-20b-5p-MAPK1, and ZNF702P-hsa-miR-24-3p-MAPK14 were obtained. By means of molecular docking, we found that all the hub targets could be effectively combined with related ingredients. GO enrichment analysis showed 649 biological processes, involving response to estrogen, response to steroid hormone, inflammatory response, macrophage activation, and osteoclast differentiation, and KEGG analysis revealed 102 entries with 36 relative signaling pathways, which mainly contained IL-17 signaling pathway, T cell receptor signaling pathway, FoxO signaling pathway, the PD-L1 expression and PD-1 checkpoint pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, TNF signaling pathway, Estrogen signaling pathway, and Wnt signaling pathway. Our experiments confirmed that ZNF702P exhibited gradually increasing expression levels during osteoclast differentiation of human peripheral blood monocytes (HPBMs) induced by RANKL, while ZGP could inhibit osteoclast differentiation of HPBMs induced by RANKL in a concentration-dependent manner. Therefore, by regulating inflammatory response, osteoclast differentiation, and hormone metabolism, ZGP may treat GIOP by regulating hub target genes, such as JUN, CCND1, MAPK1, and MAPK14, and acting on numerous key pathways, which involve the ZNF702P-based ceRNA network.

Aiming at the defects of the Aquila optimizer (AO) in dealing with some complex optimization problems, such as slow convergence speed, low convergence accuracy, and easy to fall into local optimum, in this paper, a hybrid Aquila optimizer (HAO) algorithm based on Gauss map and crisscross operator is proposed. First, Gauss map is introduced to initialize the Aquila population to improve the quality of the initial population. Then use the crisscross operator to promote the exchange of information within the population and maintain the diversity of the population in each iteration, which not only enhances the ability of the algorithm to jump out of the local optimum but also accelerates the global convergence of the algorithm. The results of experiments using 21 classical benchmark functions indicate that HAO has better global search ability, faster convergence speed, and better stability than AO. The overall optimization performance of HAO in different dimensions is better than particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm, gray wolf optimization (GWO) algorithm, whale optimization algorithm (WOA), and crisscross optimization (CSO) algorithm. Finally, the results of K-means clustering optimization on six University of California (UCI) standard data sets demonstrate that HAO has significant advantages over three algorithms that are good at clustering optimization.

Background: Lynch syndrome screening should include MLH1 promoter methylation detection in patients with deficiency of MLH1 (dMLH1) in colorectal cancer, but there is still no consensus on the CpG detection sites. The aim of this study is to analyze the correlation between the specific CpG sites of MLH1 promoter and dMLH1 in a large sample, and to find the best detection region. Methods: Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to detect DNA mismatch repair (MMR) protein in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC), and bisulfite sequencing PCR (BSP) was used to detect MLH1 promoter methylation. MLH1 promoter was divided into 5 regions: region A (-755 to -574, relative to the start codon), region B (-597 to -393), region C (-420 to -188), region D (-286 to -53) and region E (-73 to +86), which were tested respectively. The correlation between methylation in each region and MLH1 expression was analyzed. The sample size was gradually expanded to 626 cases for testing the highest correlation region. Subsequently, the correlation between MLH1 promoter methylation and clinical parameters was analyzed, and a nomogram model for the prediction of MLH1 promoter methylation was established. Survival analysis was performed to analyze the influence of MLH1 promoter methylation on the prognosis of CRC. Results: The p values of correlation between methylation in five regions( regions A, B, C, D, and E) and MLH1 protein expression were 0.070, 0.070, 0.005, 0.002 and 0.002, respectively. Regions D and E were consistent. In the cohort of 626 cases, methylation in region E was significantly correlated with the female, family history, mutant BRAFV600E, dMLH1 and deficiency of PMS2 (dPMS2). The consistency of the nomogram model we established to predict MLH1 methylation and BSP was 78.6%. And the sensitivity and specificity of this nomogram model were 97.5% and 72.8%, respectively. In this article, we found that MLH1 promoter methylation had no significant effect on the prognosis of CRC. Conclusions: In colorectal cancer, the CpG sites in the region E of the MLH1 promoter are recommended to determine the status of MLH1 methylation. The nomogram model of MLH1 promoter methylation is valuable and reliable for predicting MLH1 methylation status.

The EAZS shows high-performance features even in a wide-temperature range, such as widened voltage window, high energy/power density and ultralong cycle life. Its energy state is visually estimated by color transitions during charging/discharging.

Baked food is one of the most important staple foods in people's life, but its shelf life is limited. In addition, the spoilage of baked food caused by microbial deterioration will not only cause huge economic losses, but also pose a serious threat to human health. At present, due to the improvement of consumers' health awareness, the use of chemical preservatives has been gradually restricted. Compared with other types of synthetic preservatives, essential oils are becoming more and more popular because they are in line with the current development trend of "green," "safety" and "health" of food additives. Therefore, in this paper, we first summarized the main factors affecting the fungal contamination of baked food. Then analyzed the antifungal activity and mechanism of essential oil. Finally, we comprehensively summarized the application strategy of essential oil in the preservation of baked food. This review is of great significance for fully understanding the antifungal mechanism of essential oils and promoting the application of essential oils in the preservation of baked food.

Investigation of proteins in their native state is the core of proteomics towards better understanding of their structures and functions. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has shown its unique advantages in protein characterization with fingerprint information and high sensitivity, which makes it a promising tool for proteomics. It is still challenging to obtain SERS spectra of proteins in the native state and evaluate the native degree. Here, we constructed 3D physiological hotspots for a label-free dynamic SERS characterization of a native protein with iodide-modified 140 nm Au nanoparticles. We further introduced the correlation coefficient to quantitatively evaluate the variation of the native degree, whose quantitative nature allows us to explicitly investigate the Hofmeister effect on the protein structure. We realized the classification of a protein of SARS-CoV-2 variants in 15 min, which has not been achieved before. This study offers an effective tool for tracking the dynamic structure of proteins and biomedical research.

A rapid, on-site, and accurate SARS-CoV-2 detection method is crucial for the prevention and control of the COVID-19 epidemic. However, such an ideal screening technology has not yet been developed for the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2. Here, we have developed a deep learning-based surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy technique for the sensitive, rapid, and on-site detection of the SARS-CoV-2 antigen in the throat swabs or sputum from 30 confirmed COVID-19 patients. A Raman database based on the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 was established from experiments and theoretical calculations. The corresponding biochemical foundation for this method is also discussed. The deep learning model could predict the SARS-CoV-2 antigen with an identification accuracy of 87.7%. These results suggested that this method has great potential for the diagnosis, monitoring, and control of SARS-CoV-2 worldwide.

This study uses methods, such as a nearest proximity index, nuclear density, spatial interpolation, buffering zone, and overlay analysis, based on an exploratory spatial data analysis tool. It focuses on a large commercial facility in which a mathematical analysis is conducted on its spatial patterns. In the study, 45 large-scale retail commercial facilities (LSRCFs) in the Gulou District, Nanjing, China, were chosen, and the spatial concentration, density, and structure of the LSRCFs in this area were analyzed. Three additional factors, namely, population, transportation, and consumption, were examined to determine their impact on the spatial patterns of the LSRCFs. Finally, this study recommends a spatial layout for the future of the Gulou District according to the analysis results.

Plasmon-mediated chemical reaction has a great potential to create self-cleaning surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates. However, few works have been reported to promote this goal. Here, we report ultralow density nanoporous gold (ULDNPG) that possesses an impressive full spectrum responsive characteristic with a reflectivity lower than 5% in the waveband of 300-900 nm. ULDNPG was fabricated by a sandwich dealloying strategy from ultradilute Au-Ag solid solutions with the Au content as low as 1-5 at.%. The prepared ULDNPG presents excellent SERS properties, including high sensitivity, high uniformity, and reproducibility. The full spectrum responsive characteristic of ULDNPG leads to an obvious plasmonic photocatalytic activity. The short lifetime of the SP-excited hot carriers causes a restricted self-cleaning SERS property and a strong photothermal effect for ULDNPG structures.

Li-ion hybrid supercapacitors (LHSs) bridged the gap between batteries and supercapacitors, and simultaneously attracted tremendous attention because of their potential applications in intelligent portable electronic devices. Nevertheless, obtaining all-inorganic LHSs with excellent environmental compatibility and smart display features remains a remarkable challenge. Herein, we designed and constructed a novel ultrathin all-inorganic electrochromic Li-ion hybrid supercapacitor (ELHS) by incorporating battery-type (LiMn2O4) and supercapacitor-type (WO3) electrochromic materials into one cell. The resultant ELHS achieved stable and reversible chromatic transitions during the electrochemical process, providing sufficient real-time information on the working status. Benefiting from the matching potential windows of the individual active electrodes and the all-inorganic construction of the whole device, the optimized ELHS exhibited an extended working voltage of 2.5 V. Impressively, the ELHS demonstrated an ultrahigh volumetric energy/power density (16.2 W cm−3/0.21 Wh cm−3) and remarkable cycling stability with ~95.4% capacitance retention after 5000 cycles. The observed performance characteristics outperformed most previously reported electrochromic energy storage devices and were comparable to some commercial devices. Significantly, inorganic electrolytes were introduced into the ELHS, which endowed it with outstanding environmental adaptability and ability to work at progressively varying temperatures (0–75 °C). We envision that this work may open new avenues for the development of next-generation safe and portable hybrid energy storage devices.

This work presents an efficient approach for the primary separation of the petroporphyrin component from asphaltene aggregates. The n-pentane asphaltenes separated from the vacuum residue of Canadian oil sands bitumen were used as the feedstock. The release behavior of petroporphyrins from feed asphaltenes in polar solvents with the assistance of microwave irradiation was investigated. UV–vis spectroscopy was utilized to calculate the petroporphyrin release efficiency (PRE). The effects of asphaltene concentrations and solvent properties on the PRE were discussed. Results show that, under the microwave irradiation, asphaltenes could be rapidly separated into soluble and insoluble fractions. The solubles are enriched with vanadyl porphyrins, while the insolubles present only weak absorption of nickel porphyrins at proper asphaltene concentrations. The dispersion force (fd) of solvents has a strong correlation with the PRE. Under the optimized conditions of the methanol/toluene volume ratio of 2:1, the microwave time of 10 min, and the asphaltene concentration of 0.08 g/L, the PRE can reach up to 45%. Compared with the traditional solvent extraction method, the PRE of this new method is improved prominently. The possible mechanism of selective activation of petroporphyrin motivated by the microwave irradiation and the formation of asphaltene vesicles is proposed. This work could provide a more efficient technique to purify petroporphyrins from asphaltenes and could give insight into the interactions between petroporphyrins and asphaltene aggregates.

Gastric cancer is the third leading cause of cancer-related death in the world. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the expression and prognostic significance of 6-phosphogluconolactonase (PGLS) in gastric cancer.The protein extracted from a panel of four pairs of gastric cancer tissues and adjacent tissues, labeled with iTRAQ (8-plex) reagents, and followed by LC-ESI-MS/MS. The expressions of proteins were further validated by immunohistochemistry analysis. The expression levels of mRNA were analyzed and validated in the Oncomine database. The correlations of PGLS with prognostic outcomes were evaluated with Kaplan-Meier plotter database.The present study found that PGLS was significantly up-regulated in gastric cancer by using iTRAQ-based proteomics and immunohistochemistry analysis. The sensitivity of PGLS in gastric cancer was 72.9%. The high expression of PGLS was significantly correlated with TNM staging in gastric cancer (p = 0.02). The overexpression of PGLS predicts worse overall survival (OS) and post-progression survival (PPS) for gastric cancer (OS, HR = 1.48, p = 2.1e-05; PPS, HR = 1.35, p = 0.015). Specifically, the high PGLS expression predicts poor OS, PPS in male gastric cancer patients, in patients with lymph node metastasis and in patients with Her-2 (-).These findings suggested that PGLS was aberrantly expressed in gastric cancer and predicts poor overall survival, post-progression survival for gastric cancer patients. The present study collectively supported that PGLS is an important target for early determining and follow-up monitoring for gastric cancer.

Automatic verification system is the future trend in the metrological verification field. However, it is still a problem waiting to be solved that the system can automatically recognize instrument interfaces with different models and can record data. Based on YOLOv3 deep learning algorithm, this paper shoots and makes instrument interface data sets independently. In addition, the network model training is conducted under the PaddlePaddle framework. On the LabView platform, the encapsulation model has designed that the automatic verification system instrument interface recognition module is used by automatic verification system. Through real machine tests, the instrument interface recognition module can effectively identify the instrument interface to be checked and can identify multiple data windows, indicating that the method can meet the tasks of instrument interface recognition in the automatic verification system.

Metal film over nanosphere (MFON) prepared by nanosphere lithography (NSL) is a widely used surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate for practical applications because of its large, facile, and reproducible SERS properties. The SERS “hot spot” of MFON mainly originates from the sharp crevices between adjacent metallic half-domes. However, these sharp crevices are rare for MFON, which limits the further improvement of Raman signals. Here, we report a simple strategy, which combines NSL with dealloying, to create a nanoporous gold film over nanosphere (NPGFON) with 3D distributed hot spots. It was demonstrated that NPGFON can generate more than 35 times higher Raman enhancement than conventional gold film over nanosphere (AuFON) structure. The large SERS enhancement of NPGFON mainly originates from two aspects. One is the large surface area introduced by the internal nanoporous structures. The other is the abundant hot spots that locate both near the sharp crevices between adjacent half-domes and in the widely distributed nanopores. The SERS performances of NPGFON can be adjusted by its pore size, gap size, and period.

High-flow-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) has attained global notoriety, the mechanism of which remains elusive. The present study investigated the regulation of Anoctamin-1, also known as transmembrane member 16A (TMEM16A), in the cell cycle progression of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) from a PAH rat model induced by high pulmonary blood flow. A total of 30 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned into control, sham and shunt groups. A rat model of high pulmonary blood flow-induced PAH was established by surgery using abdominal aorta-inferior vena cava fistula. Right ventricular pressure, right ventricular hypertrophy index and pulmonary arteriole structural remodeling were assessed 11 weeks following operation. The cell cycle statuses of PASMCs was assessed via flow cytometry, whereas western blot analysis was performed to measure the expression of cyclin D1, CDK2, p27KIP and cyclin E in primary PASMCs isolated from rats. The expression of cyclin E and cyclin D1 was revealed to be increased in the shunt group compared with the control group, which was accompanied with an increased expression of TMEM16A in the shunt group. Changes in the ratio of PASMCs in the G0/G1, S and G2/M phases of cycle induced by PAH were reversed by TMEM16A knockdown. The expression of cyclin E and cyclin D1 in the shunt group was significantly higher compared with the control group in vitro, which was reversed by TMEM16A-siRNA transfection. In conclusion, TMEM16A may be involved in high pulmonary blood flow-induced PAH by regulating PASMC cell cycle progression.

Objective: Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a complex disease of the small pulmonary arteries that is mainly characterized by vascular remodeling. It has been demonstrated that excessive proliferation of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) plays a pivotal role in vascular remodeling during PAH. The present study was undertaken to explore the role of TMEM16A in regulating PASMCs proliferation in high pulmonary blood flow-induced PAH. Methods: Aortocaval shunt surgery was undertaken to establish an animal model. Pulmonary artery pressure and pulmonary vascular structure remodeling (PVSR) were tested. Immunohistochemical staining and Western blot were performed to investigate the expression of TMEM16A. The proliferation of PASMCs was tested by the MTT assay. After treating PASMCs with TMEM16A-siRNA, the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), phosphorylated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p-p38MAPK), and phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (p-ERK) signaling in PASMCs were tested. Results: PAH and PVSR developed 11 weeks postoperation. Elevated expression of TMEM16A accompanied by high expression of PCNA in pulmonary arteries of the shunt group was observed. The increased proliferation of PASMCs and increased expression of TMEM16A and PCNA, along with activated p-p38MAPK and p-ERK signaling in PASMCs of the shunt group, were all attenuated by siRNA-specific TMEM16A knockdown. Conclusion: TMEM16A regulates PASMCs proliferation in high pulmonary blood flow-induced PAH, and the p38MAPK/ERK signaling pathway is probably involved.

High quality diamond like carbon (DLC) films are urgent demanded for inertial confinement fusion (ICF) experiments. DLC films with excellent qualities were deposited on Si microspheres by coupling anode-layer ion source and RF magnetron sputtering. The obtained films were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray Reflectivity (XRR) and nanoindentation techniques. The films deposited under coupling anode-layer ion source and RF magnetron sputtering exhibit denser microstructure and smoother surface with lower surface roughness. Meanwhile, the mechanical properties and mass density of these films experience an improvement compared to those only prepared by either conventional RF magnetron sputtering or anode-layer ion source. DLC films deposited by coupling anode-layer ion source and RF magnetron sputtering can be a better candidate for ICF experiments.

We present the method of chemical vapor deposition-pyrolysis for the fabrication of SiC hollow microspheres. Microspheres with a diameter of approximately 480–550 µm and wall thickness of 5–15 µm are thus successfully prepared. The composition, especially the C/Si atomic ratio, and surface morphologies of the SiC microspheres can be flexibly adjusted by controlling the coating and heating parameters. The SiC microspheres mainly contain C Si bonds with C/Si atomic ratios of approximately 1–3. The precursor microspheres are found to exhibit a large volume shrinkage (39–55%) during the pyrolysis process, while pyrolysis has a negligible impact on the yield of the SiC microspheres (>95%). The spherical degrees are greater than 98% with small dispersions. The wall thickness uniformities can be optimized as high as 95%. The density of SiC microspheres can be increased by prolonging the holding time at 450 °C, while the corresponding RMS roughness can be decreased.

The surface-enhanced Raman scattering properties of nanoporous gold prepared by the dealloying technique have been investigated for many years.The relatively low enhancement factor and the poor uniformity of existing conventional or advanced nanoporous gold structures are still the main factors that limit their wide application as Raman enhancement substrates. Here, we report island-like nanoporous gold (INPG) fabricated by simply controlling the composition of the dealloying precursor.This nanostructure can generate ∼10 times higher enhancement factor (above 107) with ∼4 times lower gold consumption than conventional nanoporous gold. The dimensions of the gold islands can be controlled by the composition of the precursor. The enhancement factor can therefore be controlled by the gold island dimensions, which suggests an effective approach to fabricate better Raman enhancement substrates. Furthermore, INPG exhibits excellent Raman enhancement uniformity and reproducibility with the relative standard devia...

High-Z (Z is an atomic number) metals are often deposited on hollow glass or polymer microspheres to improve the implosion efficiency of targets in inertial confinement fusion experiments. Smooth and crack-free thick tungsten coatings on glow discharge polymer shells have been deposited via copper doping by direct-current magnetron sputtering. Scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and a white light interferometer were used to characterize the microstructure, composition, phase evolution, and surface roughness of tungsten coatings. The copper atoms with appropriate amounts were found to form a supersaturated solid solution with tungsten, which can serve to refine the grains of these coatings and to smooth their surface. Copper atoms in tungsten coatings were also found to stabilize the metastable β-phase W. This β-phase W is believed to play a key role in the evolution of the size and morphology of the grains of tungsten coatings. This may become a probable ...

The design and fabrication of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates with high Raman enhancement, stability, homogeneity and processing compatibility is still one of the most challenging issues in SERS research. In this work, a novel nanoporous gold (NPG) structure that contains a gradient of ligament and pore structures along the thickness direction is designed and simply fabricated by combination of the traditional magnetron sputtering and dealloying technique. This novel nanoporous gold structure (we called it gradient nanoporous gold, GNPG) brings abundant inner structures into conventional nanoporous gold, which can produce remarkable properties for GNPG, such as the surface enhanced Raman scattering. GNPG was demonstrated to have ultrahigh and homogeneous surface enhanced Raman scattering. A simple method was proposed to estimate the relative enhancement factor (EF). The EF of GNPG was estimated to be ∼8-fold higher than conventional NPG, which means that its EF should over 107. It is believed that the gradient ligament structure of GNPG plays a key role for its Raman scattering enhancement.

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of central vision loss in the developed world. Wet AMD can be managed through serial intravitreal injections of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) agents. However, sometimes the treatment is ineffective. Given that the half-life of the drug is limited, inefficient mixing of the injected drug in the vitreous chamber of the eye may contribute to the ineffectiveness. Here, we introduce thermal heating as a means of enhancing the mixing-process in the vitreous chamber and investigate parameters that potentially influence its effectiveness. Our in vitro studies reveal the importance of the heating location on the eye. A significant increase in the mixing and delivery of drugs to the targeted area (the macula) could be achieved by placing heating pads to induce a current, against gravity, in the vitreous. The presented results can potentially help in the development of a better strategy for intravitreal injection, subsequently improving the quality of patient care.

Newly proposed electrochromic Li-ions hybrid supercapacitors (ELHSs), incorporating energy storage and electrochromic functions into one hybrid system, provide huge potential for next-generation portable and intelligent electron devices. The critical next step in the future implementation is to explore a high-rate and stable battery-type electrochromic positive electrode to match the capacitive electrochromic negative electrode even under harsher environments. Herein, spinel LiMn2O4 electrodes coating with LiNbO3 thin layer (namely LMO@LNO) possess interconnected microstructures and multipores are successfully fabricated and severed as high-performance battery-type electrochromic positive electrode for ELHSs. The resulting LMO@LNO electrode exhibits remarkable electrochromic and energy storage performances, including large optical modulation (∼42.1%), high specific capacity (127.6 mAh g−1) and robust long-term electrochemical stability (over 1000 cycles). The Li-ion migration kinetics and electrochromic mechanism of the positive electrode are further comprehensively analyzed through experimental characterizations and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. By pairing with a transparent WO3 electrochromic capacitor-type negative electrode, an all-solid-state ELHS with a maximum working voltage of 2.3 V is assembled, delivering an impressive energy/power density (106.1 Wh kg−1/574.7 W kg−1) and admirable capacity retention of 83.5% after 3000 cycles. Significantly, the as-obtained ELHS with excellent environmental compatibility and reversible electrochromic performance even operate at progressively varying temperatures (RT ∼ 60 °C). This work provides a new opportunity to design next-generation safe and intelligent hybrid energy storage system for consumer electronics.

Diamond like carbon films (DLC) with high density and low internal stress are urgent demand for inertial confinement fusion (ICF) experiments. DLC films were deposited on Si-(100) substrates by coupling DC/RF magnetron sputtering with Ar as the working gas. The microstructure, mass density and internal stress of the DLC films have been studied. The films were characterized by Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray Reflectivity (XRR), surface profilometer, atomic force microscopy (AFM), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), scratch test and nanoindentation techniques. It is found that the DLC films deposited by coupling DC/RF magnetron sputtering have relatively high mass density (2.25–2.36 g/cm3) and low internal stress (lower than 0.3 GPa) compared to those prepared by conventional deposition process. The results indicate that properties of the as-deposited DLC films are strongly dependent on the ion energy which is determined by the DC voltage. It suggests that the DLC films deposited by coupling DC/RF magnetron sputtering at optimum DC voltage could be potential candidate for ICF experiments and protective coating applications.