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Purpose This study aimed to assess the association between the Distress Thermometer (DT) score and risk of suicide in patients with cancer. In addition, we aimed to determine the best cutoff score to predict patients at risk of suicide. Methods From 2015 to 2016, we retrospectively collected data on patients with cancer. DT scores were collected, and the association between DT score and risk of suicide (suicide ideation or death ideation) was analyzed. Furthermore, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed to identify the appropriate cutoff score for predicting risk of suicide. Results A total of 260 patients with cancer were included, and suicidal ideation was identified in 33 cases referred for psychological intervention. The DT scores of the patients with suicidal ideation were significantly higher than those of patients without suicidal ideation (6.30±2.11 vs. 4.29±1.72, p Conclusion The DT score may be a helpful clinical tool to evaluate emotional distress and risk of suicide in patients with cancer. Clinically, for DT scores greater than 5 in patients with cancer, the risk of suicide greatly increases. In view of the DT’s widespread use internationally by non-mental health clinicians in cancer to guide the need for specialist mental health interventions, its potential utility in also predicting suicide risk is of great interest.

Slab breakoff can explain the postcollisional igneous and metamorphic events in many collisional orogens and triggers the transition from initial continental collision to deep subduction. However, the relationship between the deep-seated geometry of slab breakoff and shallow tectono-magmatic events remains unclear. In this study, we report new geochronological, geochemical, and Hf isotope data for granitic rocks from the Qiangtang block. Three granitic samples yielded zircon U-Pb ages of 226−214 Ma and mostly gave negative zircon εHf(t) values of −20.1 to +0.57. These granitoids are K-rich, calc-alkaline, magnesian, and metaluminous to weakly peraluminous. We propose that the granites were generated by partial melting of compositionally heterogeneous lower crust in the Southern Qiangtang block. Our new data, along with previously published data for igneous and metamorphic rocks in the Qiangtang block, suggest that the Longmu Co−Shuanghu suture zone represents a remnant of the closure of the Paleo-Tethys Ocean, and that the Late Triassic tectono-magmatic evolution was controlled by slab breakoff after continental collision. The contrasting magmatic and metamorphic ages show that the two stages of tectono-magmatic activity in the Late Triassic were due to a change in the subduction angle of the continental lithosphere from steep (225−215 Ma) to shallow (215−205 Ma) during slab breakoff. Furthermore, we infer that slab breakoff of the oceanic lithosphere caused extensive crustal melting and reworking and initiated far-field subduction. Our results provide new insights into the slab breakoff processes that control the geometry of subducting continental lithosphere and related postcollisional magmatic and metamorphic events in collision zones.

Background:: Conventional micro-grids operate autonomously in islanded mode but they always rely on the utility grid for BUS voltage support and power balance in the grid-connected mode. This results in non-seamless mode switching, alternating operation strategy and power exchange fluctuation problems. Methods:: An AC/DC/AC converter is utilized as the interface between the micro-grid and the utility grid. This enables the two entities to have different voltages in the grid-connected mode. The microgrid exchanges predefined amount of power with the utility grid in the grid-connected mode. The power amount is estimated based on power forecasting of local generations and loads with the consideration of the Sate of Charge (SOC) of the battery, and is updated and broadcasted every 15 minutes. Results:: A 100kVA AC micro-grid with a rotating generator, battery storage and solar arrays is built on Matlab/Simulink for investigation. Results indicate that the battery can effectively balance the power flow and mode switching hardly causes distortions. Conclusions:: The proposed micro-grid can operate autonomously in both grid-connected and islanded mode without relying on the utility grid. Seamless switching between operation modes can be achieved naturally. Constant power is exchanged with the power grid, which benefits the powerdispatching algorithm of the power system.

Lead exposure is one of the most concerning public health problems worldwide, particularly among children. Yet the impact of chronic lead exposure on the thyroid status and related intelligence quotient performance among school-age children remained elusive.The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of lead exposure on the thyroid hormones, amino acid neurotransmitters balances, and intelligence quotient (IQ) among school-age children living nearby a lead-zinc mining site. Other factors such as rice lead levels, mothers' smoking behavior, and diet intake were also investigated.A total of 255 children aged 7-12 years old were recruited in this study. Blood lead level (BLL), thyroid hormones including free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), and amino acid neurotransmitters such as glutamate (Glu), glutamine (Gln), and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) were measured using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy (GFAAS), chemiluminescence immunoassay, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Raven's standard progressive matrices (SPM) and the questionnaire were used to determine IQ and collect related influence factors.The average BLL of children was 84.8 μg/L. The occurrence of lead intoxication (defined as the BLL ≥ 100 μg/L) was 31.8%. Serum TSH levels and IQ of lead-intoxicated children were significantly lower than those without lead toxicity. The GABA level of girls with the lead intoxication was higher than those with no lead-exposed group. Correlation analyses revealed that BLL were inversely associated with the serum TSH levels (R= -0.186, p0.05), but positively related with IQ grades (R = 0.147, p0.05). Moreover, BLL and Glu were inversely correlated with IQ. In addition, this study revealed four factors that may contribute to the incidence of lead intoxication among children, including the frequency of mother smoking (OR = 3.587, p0.05) and drinking un-boiled stagnant tap water (OR = 3.716, p0.05); eating fresh fruits and vegetables (OR = 0.323, p0.05) and soy products regularly (OR = 0.181, p0.05) may protect against lead intoxication.Lead exposure affects the serum TSH, GABA levels and IQ of school-aged children. Developing good living habits, improving environment, increasing the intake of high-quality protein and fresh vegetable and fruit may improve the condition of lead intoxication.

Background: China's power resources are unevenly distributed in geography, and the supply-demand imbalance becomes worse due to regional economic disparities. It is essential to optimize the allocation of power resources through cross-provincial and cross-regional power trading. Methods: This paper uses load forecasting, transaction subject data declaration, and route optimization models to achieve optimal allocation of electricity and power resources cross-provincial and cross-regional and maximize social benefits. Gray theory is used to predict the medium and longterm loads, while multi-agent technology is used to report the power trading price. Results: Cross-provincial and cross-regional power trading become a network flow problem, through which we can find the optimized complete trading paths. Conclusion: Numerical case study results has verified the efficiency of the proposed method in optimizing power allocation across provinces and regions.

Background. Endometrial cancer is associated with a high mortality rate, which warrants the identification of novel diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets. The aim of this study is to evaluate the role of SNORD15B in the development of endometrial cancer and explore the potential underlying mechanisms. Methods. Bioinformatics was used to analyze the expression level and prognostic relevance of SNORD15B in endometrial cancer. The Ishikawa and HEC-1B cells were respectively transfected with SNORD15B expression plasmid and an antisense oligonucleotide, or the corresponding empty vector and a nonspecific sequence. The malignant phenotype of the suitably transfected cells was assessed by standard in vitro functional assays and the establishment of in vivo xenografts. The expression levels of the specific markers were analyzed with RT-qPCR and western blotting. The subcellular localization of P53 was determined by analyzing the nuclear and cytoplasmic fractions. RIP, Co-IP, and immunohistochemistry were performed as per standard protocols. Results. SNORD15B was overexpressed in the endometrial cancer tissues and correlated to a poor prognosis. Ectopic expression of SNORD15B in Ishikawa cells inhibited apoptosis, increased the proliferation, invasion, and migration in vitro, and enhanced their tumorigenicity in vivo. SNORD15B overexpression also upregulated TRIM25 and accelerated P53 accumulation in the cytoplasm of the endometrial cancer cells. Conclusion. SNORD15B functions as an oncogene in endometrial cancer by targeting the TRIM25/P53 complex and blocking the nuclear translocation of P53.

Summary Earthquakes occur thousands of times every day around the world. They are naturally destructive seismic events and often result in soil liquefaction. Soil microbiota plays a vital role in soil environments and may serve as an effective indicator to assess soil liquefaction after earthquakes. This study aimed to detect the microbial community abundance and composition in soil samples of different depths. Soil samples were collected in Southern Taiwan immediately after the 2010 earthquake. Their physical characteristics were determined, and their microbial communities were analyzed through 16S amplicon sequencing. The results revealed that Nitrospirae phylum dominated in the liquefied layer. In particular, the genus HB118, dominant in the liquefied layer, was not detected at other soil depths or in the expelled liquefied soil. This finding not only provides valuable insights into changes in microbial community composition at different soil depths after earthquakes but also suggests a useful indicator for monitoring liquefied soil., Graphical abstract, Highlights • This study characterized the microbial composition of liquefied soil after an earthquake • Most abundant phylum Nitrospirae found in liquefied soil if 3 most abundant phyla removed • HB118 spp is correlated with liquefied soil • We set up the alternative monitoring methods of soil liquefaction after seismic events, Earth sciences; Soil science; Biogeochemistry; Seismology; Microbiology

Perfluorooctane sulfonates (PFOS) are regarded as a category of chemicals with persistence, bioaccumulation, and toxicity. Understanding dynamic flows, stocks, and emissions of PFOS on a macro spatial and temporal scale can help provide a scientific basis for their sound management. In this work, a dynamic material flow analysis (d-MFA) model was built to characterize and analyze the cycles of PFOS in mainland China over the period 1985-2019. Flows, stocks, and environmental emissions were calculated and the sensitivity and uncertainty of the results were then analyzed. Results show that domestic production was the primary source of PFOS in China, most of which was flowed to the domestic market in the form of final products, with the remainder exported to international markets; soil and water were the main sinks of PFOS in China, with emissions from the usage stage contributing the largest portion (103 tons in 2019). The number of inflows and outflows were relatively low before 2000, but gradually increased until 2009 when the relevant convention was issued. Since 2005, in-use stocks and emissions of PFOS have grown yearly. In addition, stocks in landfill have been climbing since 1985. End-of-life management was still dominated by traditional methods, such as landfill and incineration, while there was a trend towards green treatments. This study can provide basic data and theoretical support for the sound management of PFOS in China.

Atmospheric acid deposition remains a widespread problem that may influence the protection of carbon (C) in soil by altering organo-mineral interactions. However, the impacts of additional acidity on organo-mineral interactions and soil C sequestration in naturally acidic tropical soils with a high content of reactive iron (Fe) phases have not been well studied. Here we sampled a nearly 10-yr field experiment with a gradient of acidity treatments (0, 9.6, 32, 96 mol H+ ha− 1 yr− 1 as nitric acid + sulfuric acid) to examine how acidification alters organo-mineral interactions and soil organic carbon (SOC) pools in a tropical forest in southern China. As expected, soil acidification significantly enhanced the leaching of base cations (e.g., Ca2+), and it also altered the solubility and composition of Fe and Al phases. The acidity treatments converted more crystalline Fe (oxyhydr)oxides to short-range-ordered phases, resulting in a large increase in Fe-bound C vs. a relatively small decrease in Ca-bound C. Overall, the acidity treatments increased the mineral-associated C stock to 32.5–36.4 Mg C ha− 1 vs. 28.8 Mg C ha− 1 in the control, accounting for 71–83% of the observed increase in total SOC stock. These findings highlight the importance of pH-sensitive geochemical changes and the key roles of Fe in regulating the response of SOC to further inputs of acid deposition even in highly weathered and naturally acidic soils. The magnitude of SOC changes observed here indicates the importance of including pH-sensitive geochemistry in Earth system models to predict ecosystem C budgets under future acid deposition scenarios.

Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is considered effective for weight loss and for treatment of many obesity-related metabolic diseases. Ghrelin is an essential orexigenic peptide that plays an indispensable role in controlling body weight and energy homeostasis of post-operative patients. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate changes in the level of fasting total ghrelin following RYGB. A systematic literature search of PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library until April 2018 with keywords “ghrelin” and “gastric bypass” was performed in accordance with the MOOSE guidelines and PRISMA statement. Three reviewers independently selected the studies and extracted data. Quality assessment of the included studies was undergone. A random effects model was employed to calculate overall effect sizes. Subgroup analyses and meta-regression were subsequently performed. Sixteen studies with 325 patients were included. We found ghrelin levels had an increasing tendency (SMD = 0.30; 95% CI = 0.04 to 0.57) despite moderate heterogeneity (I2 = 58%). Subsequent subgroup analysis indicated that ghrelin levels decreased (SMD = − 0.49; 95% CI = − 0.98 to 0.00) in the short term (≤ 3 months) and increased (SMD = 0.46; 95% CI = 0.22 to 0.69) in the long term (> 3 months) after RYGB. Meta-regression showed that gastric pouch volume, alimentary limb length and biliopancreatic limb length were not associated with changes in ghrelin levels. Fasting total ghrelin levels decreased in the short term (≤ 3 months) and increased in the long term (> 3 months) after RYGB.

The Yanqiang Ling fragmented ophiolite (YLFO) crops out within the southern part of the Duolong ore concentration area, ∼20–30 km to the north of the western Bangong Co–Nujiang suture zone ...

In this paper we present new data for the Tianquan (TQ) and Dabure (DB) ocean islands in the western segment of the Longmuco–Shuanghu–Lancangjiang suture zone, northern Tibet, including the results of major and trace element analyses, zircon U–Pb dating, and Hf isotope analyses. Our aim was to assess the genesis of these ocean islands and to consider the implications for the tectonic evolution of the region as a whole. Both TQ and DB retain an ocean-island-type double-layered structure comprising a volcanic basement (basalt and andesite) and an oceanic sedimentary cover sequence (conglomerate, limestone, and chert). The basalts and andesites in the TQ and DB are enriched in light rare earth elements and high field strength elements (Nb, Ta, Zr, Hf, and Ti), yielding chondrite-normalized REE patterns and primitive-mantle-normalized trace element patterns that are similar to those of ocean island basalts. Given the small and generally positive eHf(t) values of the TQ andesites (+ 4.25 to + 6.22) and DB andesites (− 0.59 to + 1.97, mostly > 0), we conclude that the basalts were derived from the partial melting of garnet peridotite in the mantle and that the andesites were formed by fractional crystallization of the mafic parent magma derived from the garnet peridotite mantle. The ascending magmas underwent varying degrees of fractional crystallization but were not contaminated by crustal material. These features indicate that both TQ and DB are typical ocean islands that formed in an ocean basin. Geochemical analyses of cherts from TQ and DB show that they contain terrigenous material, indicating the proximity of a continental margin. The andesites of TQ contain zircons that yield two U–Pb ages of 251 Ma. Given that ages of 246, 247, and 254 Ma had been reported previously, we conclude that TQ formed during the late Permian–Early Triassic. The andesites of DB contain zircons that yield U–Pb ages of 242 and 246 Ma. Taking into account the youngest age of 244 Ma from the DB basalt, we conclude that DB formed during the Middle Triassic. These data, combined with the geological history of the region, indicate that the development of the Longmuco–Shuanghu–Lancangjiang Paleo-Tethys Ocean continued after the early Permian and that the closure of this ocean was diachronous from east to west. The eastern segment of the ocean closed during the Early Triassic; however, the western segment remained at least partially open until the Middle Triassic, although the ocean was relatively small at this time. The ocean finally closed in the Late Triassic.

Mitochondrion is the metabolic center and powerhouse of cells producing cellular energy which plays an important role in various physiological and pathophysiological processes. Recent research demonstrates that mitochondrial energy metabolism mediates the transmission of mitochondrial-nuclear signals through intermediate products which regulates epigenetic presentation of the chromatin and thereby affects gene expression. Epigenetic modification, a genetic regulatory model, is independent of DNA sequence and plays a major role in establishing and maintaining a specific gene's expression profile. Disorders of mitochondrial metabolism can induce epigenetic reprogramming which in turn initiates aging phenotypes and degenerative diseases. This review introduces recent research progress on the relationship between mitochondrial metabolism and chromatin-related epigenetic modification, discusses the role of mitochondrial stress in chromatin recombination, and suggests future research directions and their application in the study of age-related diseases such as cognitive dysfunction.

In this paper we present new major and trace element chemical data, zircon U–Pb age data, and zircon Hf isotopic compositions for the Dong Co granodiorites (DGs) that were emplaced directly in the Dong Co ophiolites (DOs) in the middle segment of the Bangong–Nujiang suture zone (BNSZ), northern Tibet. We use these new data to discuss the genesis of the DGs and implications for the evolution of the region. The DGs have high contents of SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , Na 2 O, and Sr, high values of Mg # , low contents of Yb and Y, and markedly high Sr/Y ratios, indicating an adakitic affinity, and we show that they were derived from the partial melting of subducted oceanic crust. The DGs contain large numbers of inherited zircons that have similar shapes and peak ages to the detrital zircons in the accretionary wedge graywackes that surround the DGs, suggesting that many of these sediments were assimilated during the formation of the DGs. Five DG samples yield the youngest zircon U–Pb ages of 155–160 Ma, indicating that the DGs formed during the Late Jurassic. Based on the present results and regional geological data, we infer that the Bangong–Nujiang oceanic lithosphere was subducted northwards beneath the Southern Qiangtang terrane during the formation of a continental arc system during the Late Jurassic. The Bangong–Nujiang oceanic lithosphere retreated rapidly after its initial subduction, and the Southern Qiangtang terrane to the north of the Bangong–Nujiang Ocean acquired a massive amount of new oceanic material in the form of an accretionary wedge. This wedge, which included the DOs and the Mugagangri Group, became sufficiently large (both in size and width) for arc-type magmas (DGs) to develop within it during the Late Jurassic.

In order to describe an investigation of the flow around high-speed train on a bridge under cross winds using detached-eddy simulation (DES), a 1/8th scale model of a three-car high-speed train and a typical bridge model are employed, Numerical wind tunnel technology based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is used, and the CFD models are set as stationary models. The Reynolds number of the flow, based on the inflow velocity and the height of the vehicle, is 1.9×106. The computations are conducted under three cases, train on the windward track on the bridge (WWC), train on the leeward track on the bridge (LWC) and train on the flat ground (FGC). Commercial software FLUENT is used and the mesh sensitivity research is carried out by three different grids: coarse, medium and fine. Results show that compared with FGC case, the side force coefficients of the head cars for the WWC and LWC cases increases by 14% and 29%, respectively; the coefficients of middle cars for the WWC and LWC increase by 32% and 10%, respectively; and that of the tail car increases by 45% for the WWC whereas decreases by 2% for the LWC case. The most notable thing is that the side force and the rolling moment of the head car are greater for the LWC, while the side force and the rolling moment of the middle car and the tail car are greater for the WWC. Comparing the velocity profiles at different locations, the flow is significantly influenced by the bridge-train system when the air is close to it. For the three cases (WWC, LWC and FGC), the pressure on the windward side of train is mostly positive while that of the leeward side is negative. The discrepancy of train’s aerodynamic force is due to the different surface area of positive pressure and negative pressure zone. Many vortices are born on the leeward edge of the roofs. Theses vortices develop downstream, detach and dissipate into the wake region. The eddies develop irregularly, leading to a noticeably turbulent flow at leeward side of train.

The effects of replacing sandstone with incineration bottom ash and different water-to-cement ratios and aggregate sizes in pervious concrete bricks preparation were investigated. Among the various permeable brick specimens, the compressive strengths of 11 different mix proportions exceeded that of traditional red bricks (by 14 MPa), and was maximum for the specimen with bottom ash aggregate size #4 and a water-to-cement ratio 0.55. The permeability coefficients, although smaller than that of general pervious concrete, were within general permeable pavement specifications (10−2 cm/s). Therefore, it is recommended for general bicycle ways, sidewalks, and landscaping, not roads with high traffic flow.

Sodium para-aminosalicylate (PAS-Na) was first applied successfully in clinical treatment of two manganism patients with good prognosis. However, the mechanism of how PAS-Na protects against Mn-induced neurotoxicity is still elusive. The current study was conducted to explore the effects of PAS-Na on Mn-induced basal ganglia astrocyte injury, and the involvement of amino acid neurotransmitter in vitro. Basal ganglia astrocytes were exposed to 500 μM manganese chloride (MnCl2) for 24 hr, following by 50, 150, or 450 μM PAS-Na treatment for another 24 hr. MnCl2 significantly decreased viability of astrocytes and induced DNA damages via increasing the percentage of tail DNA and Olive tail moment of DNA. Moreover, Mn interrupted amino acid neurotransmitters by decreasing Gln levels and increasing Glu, Gly levels. In contrast, PAS-Na treatment reversed the aforementioned Mn-induced toxic effects on basal ganglia astrocytes. Taken together, our results demonstrated that excessive Mn exposure may induce toxic effects on basal ganglia astrocytes, while PAS-Na could protect basal ganglia astrocytes from Mn-induced neurotoxicity.

The Late Triassic Longmu Co–Shuanghu suture zone is a metamorphic belt in Central Qiangtang, SW China, that is interpreted to have formed at the boundary between a Gondwana-derived block and Laurasia during the subduction of Paleo-Tethyan oceanic crust. Recent research has suggested that a Late Triassic (ca. 225–205 Ma) magmatic “flare-up” event took place on both sides of the metamorphic belt within Central Qiangtang coeval with exhumation of the metamorphic rocks. The age-equivalent Gangmari metamorphic belt and Riwanchaka Yangtze-type deposits of the South Qiangtang terrane are located ∼70 km from the Longmu Co–Shuanghu suture zone and the North Qiangtang terrane. We propose that Central Qiangtang underwent postcollisional extension in the Late Triassic. By integrating the geological features described here, we suggest that these complex geological phenomena were triggered by slab breakoff of the northward-subducting lithosphere of the Paleo-Tethys Ocean. Central Qiangtang is therefore an ideal area in which to verify the process of slab breakoff by geological observations.

Objective To reproduce a rat model of acute mountain sickness by using a hypobaric chamber to simulate the plateau environment, and to study the related physiological parameters. Methods A total of 70 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into normal control (NC) group, and 6 hypobaric hypoxia groups (10 each) in which rats were housed in a hypobaric chamber and exposed to the enviroment simulating high altitude of 5000m and 6000m for 12h, 24h and 48h respectively. Memory Morris water maze test was conducted to evaluate the changes in working memory of rats in space. Histological changes in lung and brain tissue were observed. Blood from abdominal aorta was collected to analyze the parameters of blood gas. The histopathological changes in lung and cerebrum were observed, and their wet/dry ratios were calculated. Results Reduction in activity or even death was found in hypobaric hypoxia groups, and arterial PaO2 was significantly decreased in all rats of hypobaric hypoxia groups. Compared with NC group, rats exposed to a simulated altitude of 5000m for longer than 24h and 6000m for longer than 12h exhibited longer latency period in finding the hidden platform, shorter expedition time for target quadrant, and less frequency of platform crossing in the Morris water maze test (P

We conducted in situ U–Pb analyses of zircons from three basalts and one gabbro from the Zhonggang oceanic island, one basalt from the Zhaga oceanic island, and one gabbro from the Kangqiong ophiolite (all located in the middle segments of the Bangong–Nujiang suture zone of Tibetan Plateau), as well as in situ Hf isotope analyses of zircons from one gabbro from the Zhonggang oceanic island to constrain the tectonic evolution of the Bangong–Nujiang Neo-Tethys ocean. All samples contain numerous inherited zircons, and all the zircons contain magmatic oscillatory zoning and have Th/U ratios exceeding 0.4. Moreover, the average ΣREE content of these zircons is less than 2000 ppm, and they display clear negative Eu and variable positive Ce anomalies, indicating a magmatic origin. LA–ICP–MS U–Pb dating of the zircons revealed three clear peaks in the age distribution, at 248–255, 162–168, and 117–120 Ma; Lu–Hf isotopic analyses of zircons from the gabbro of the Zhonggang oceanic island yielded a 269 Ma crust–mantle separation age. Taking into account the regional geology, previous data, and our new analyses, we infer that the middle and western segments of the Bangong–Nujiang Neo-Tethys ocean had initially opened in the late Permian (254–269 Ma) and that the ocean opened substantially between the late Permian and the Early Triassic (248–255 Ma). In addition, we infer that the initiation of subduction of the Bangong–Nujiang Neo-Tethys ocean took place at ~ 162–168 Ma, which is Middle Jurassic. The 117–120 Ma age is the time when the oceanic islands and ophiolites were formed, indicating that the Bangong–Nujiang Neo-Tethys ocean was, to some extent, still open at that time.

We present new zircon U–Pb dates, major and trace element chemistry, and Hf isotopic compositions for bimodal volcanic rocks of the Maierze Group (MG) in the Maierze area of the Southern Qiangtang–Baoshan block, northern Tibet. We discuss the implications of these data for the evolution of this region. The MG bimodal volcanic rocks consist of basalts and dacites that yield LA-ICP-MS zircon U–Pb ages of 122 and 120 Ma, respectively. The MG basalts have light rare earth element (LREE)-enriched chondrite-normalized REE patterns (LaN/YbN = 13–14), high Ti/V ratios (45–64), high Zr (190–270 ppm) and Nb (22–41 ppm) concentrations, and Zr/Y ratios (7–9) that are similar to those of within-plate basalts. The MG basalts also have low MgO and total Fe2O3 (TFe2O3) concentrations, significant enrichments in the LREE and the light ion lithophile elements (LILEs; Rb, Ba, Th, U and Pb), and weak depletions in the high field strength elements (HFSE; Nb, Ta, and Ti), all of which are clearly evident in primitive-mantle-normalized multi-element variation diagrams. The MG dacites are more enriched in the LILE (e.g., Rb, Ba, Th, U, K, and Pb) and more depleted in the HFSE (e.g., Nb, Ta, and Ti) than the MG basalts. Moreover, the dacites have variable zircon eHf(t) values (− 6.3 to + 6.3). These features indicate that the parental magma for the MG basalts was likely derived from an enriched lithospheric mantle source that was contaminated by subduction-related fluids or melts. In contrast, the MG dacites were derived from mixing of the MG basaltic magma with a second magma derived from partial melting of the continental crust. The geochemical and Hf isotopic characteristics of the MG bimodal volcanic rocks suggest that they formed during the initial stages of development of a back-arc basin. From south to north, the Bangong–Nujiang suture zone, the Duolong gold-rich porphyry copper deposit, and the Maierze bimodal rocks are interpreted to represent a remnant of a complete volcanic arc system that comprises the Bangong–Nujiang Ocean, an island arc, and a back-arc basin, respectively. The fact that this volcanic arc system was still active during the Early Cretaceous indicates that closure of the Bangong–Nujiang Ocean occurred later than the previously suggested period of between the Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous.

Background Some publications shows some therapies in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) could cause infections and it also can react the disease prognosis. But there was no report about the relationship between the repeated infections during the disease duration and its outcome. Objectives Our study was to evaluate the association between the history of repeated infectious agents that occurred more than three times during the duration of RA and the current disease status of RA, such as disease activity and physical disability. Methods 688 pure RA patients were selected from December 2015 to June 2016 in Peking People9s hospital and divided into two groups according to their current disease status. Clinical data were collected including DAS28, HAQ, disease duration and therapies. Infectious agents occurred repeatedly during the duration were identified as history repeated infectious agents. T test, ANOVA, chi-squared test and multivariate analysis of covariance were used for analyzing the association between the infections and disease outcome. Results 688 RA patients were divided into two groups based on whether their DAS28 reached 3.2 (active or inactive). The HAQ score and the incidence of airway infection has a significant difference among these two groups (P=0.000; P=0.002). Logistic regression analysis shows that smoking, airway infection and age were the risk factor for RA activite (OR=4.844, 95% CI (0.193,1.001); OR=1.326, 95% CI (0.655,2.687); OR=1.013, 95% CI (0.989,1.037)), and the disease duration and the therapy were also effect the disease outcome (OR=0.650;OR=1.560). Than we divided these patients into four groups based on their infectious site such as airway, urinary, intestinal and no-infection. After adjusting for the disease duration, only airway infection incidence has statistically significantly different (P=0.000). DAS 28 has statistical different only among the groups whether they have airway infectious agents after adjusting the smoking and therapy (P=0.002; P=0.002). Compared with infection free group, patients with airway infection has a higher DAS28 because they have more swollen or painful joints, while patients with urinary infection perform a higher scores because they have a high level of ESR. Conclusions The repeated infectious agents during the disease duration might lead to poor outcome. We should pay more attention to those patients who have repeatedly infectious agents during their disease duration in order to improve their prognosis. References Sokolove J, Wagner CA, Lahey LJ, et al. Increased inflammation and disease activity among current cigarette smokers with rheumatoid arthritis: a cross-sectional analysis of US veterans. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2016;55(11):1969–77. Sokolove J, Wagner CA, Lahey LJ, et al. Increased inflammation and disease activity among current cigarette smokers with rheumatoid arthritis: a cross-sectional analysis of US veterans. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2016;55(11):1969–77. Iguchi-Hashimoto M, Hashimoto M, Fujii T, et al. The association between serious infection and disease outcome in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Rheumatol. 2016;35(1):213–8. Disclosure of Interest None declared

Background Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a prevalent systemic autoimmune disease characterized by the production of autoantibodies 1 . The tonsil has been demonstrated to be a site of citrullination, and tonsillectomy has been reported to be a potential treatment of RA, suggesting the possibility that the tonsil could be a site of autoimmunity generation in RA 2,3 . The dysbiosis of gut microbiome and the associated host immune response has been implicated in the initiation and progression of RA 4–6 . However, there is no in-depth studies on the role of tonsil microbiota in RA. Thus, studies of the characteristics of tonsil microbiome in RA patients, the underlying mechanisms, as well as specific markers for the diagnosis and therapeutic evaluation for RA, are critical for the early diagnosis and prevention of RA. Objectives Therefore, we aimed to define the association of RA with tonsil microbiome as well as a microbial and metabolite profile that could predict disease status. Methods 16S rRNA gene sequencing was utilized on 220 tonsil swab samples (121 RA patients and 99 healthy controls) as well as 78 fecal samples (68 RA and 10 controls). Analysis of microbial taxa and metabolic pathway were performed to characterise and compare the tonsil microbiome of RA patients and healthy subjects Results Results showed that the tonsil harbored a unique microbiome relative to that present in the fecal samples. Patients with RA exhibited different tonsil microbiome from controls. A taxon-level analysis suggested that the relative abundance of 26 microbial clades were significantly altered, with 7 taxa increased and 19 taxa decreased in RA samples. Noticeably, we observed an expansion of rare microbial lineages as well as an alteration in microbial cladogenesis within RA patients. RA tonsil microbiota was associated with smoke, anti-peripheral factor, rheumatoid factors, disease duration and activity. Furthermore, we identified that 86 genes associated with bacterial metabolic pathway were enriched in RA tonsil microbiome. Conclusions Our results demonstrated that the RA tonsil microbiome differs from that of healthy controls, which correlates with systemic autoimmune changes and may potentially drives initiation of RA. References McInnes IB, and Schett G. The pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. N Engl J Med. 2011, 365(23): 2205–2219. Kawano M, Okada K, Muramoto H, et al. Simultaneous, clonally identical T cellexpansion in tonsil and synovium in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis and chronic tonsillitis. Arthritis Rheum. 2003, 48(9): 2483–2488. Makrygiannakis D, af Klint E, Lundberg IE, et al. Citrullination is an inflammation-dependent process. Ann Rheum Dis. 2006, 65(9): 1219–1222. Scher JU and Abramson SB. The microbiome and rheumatoid arthritis. Nat Rev Rheumatol, 2011, 7(10): 569–578. Scher JU, Sczesnak A, Longman RS, et al. Expansion of intestinal Prevotella copri correlates with enhanced susceptibility to arthritis. Elife, 2013, 2:e01202. Zhang X, Zhang D, Jia H, et al. The oral and gut microbiomes are perturbed in rheumatoid arthritis and partly normalized after treatment. Nat Med, 2015, 21(8): 895–905. Disclosure of Interest None declared

According to the results of syllabus adjustment of senior vocational high school made by the competent education authorities of Taiwan, the study conducts a general questionnaire survey and analysis of the in-service teachers teaching Civil Engineering at senior vocational high schools of the whole Taiwan in order to understand the difference in basic personal particulars of the in-service teachers, implementation situation of the existing curriculum, appropriateness of the graduate destinations and appropriateness of the syllabus after adjustment. The research results of the study show that the Civil Engineering teachers highly recognize the syllabus after adjustment. But during implementation of the adjusted syllabus, there will be the problems of insufficient teachers and inadequate practical experience of the existing teachers.

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